Protective clothing, in particular ballistic-protection clothing for women

0001The invention relates to protective clothing, especially an antiballistic protective clothing for women, comprising One or more protective layers arranged one above the other and possibly connected to one another, These protective layers consisting of textile surface structures consisting of antiballistically active fibers.

0002Bullet-resistant protective clothing, especially bullet-resistant and splinter-resistant vests In more recent times in many countries the standard equipment of the military, police and other security forces. Because in These areas are increasingly used by women, it is necessary that this protective clothing the female Body shapes. The conventional protective clothing, which is designed for wearing by men, is suitable for Women problematic and only with a considerable loss of wear comfort possible. Especially with one Use, which is associated with high physical stress, proves this low wearing comfort for men Developed protective vests.

0003The problem solutions to date are, in part, very costly and often do not provide the necessary Comfortable wearing. Thus, in US-A-4 183 097 and GB-A-2 231 481, special trimming techniques for antiballistic Women's clothing. Besides increased costs in the manufacture of the protective clothing and a Often reduced antiballistic effect, these techniques have the disadvantage that the protective vests mentioned here Are not sufficiently adapted to the female body shapes.

0004US 4 457 985 discloses antiballistic articles containing a network of polyolefin fibers. In addition to solidified fiber composites, composites and laminated structures, textile sheetlike structures made of polyolefin fibers are also disclosed, several of which are bonded together under pressure and heat without a matrix material.

0005Another hitherto performed elaboration tsweise is excision of the breast part of antiballistic layers And sewing a correspondingly prefabricated breast part. In addition to the extremely costly cost also provides This method does not provide a satisfactory solution, as the seam sites apply partially and the antiballistic Effect at seams is worsened.

0006Further, a special chest protector, which can be worn under a vest, has been developed and disclosed in US-A-5 020 157. While an additional protection of the breast is achieved, the wearing comfort remains the same Unsatisfactory since this chest protector is usually placed under a conventional vest, that is, under a vest, Which does not contain antiballistic layers adapted to female body shapes.

0007Finally, US Pat. No. 4,578,821 describes protective clothing in which a carrier material is applied to a carrier material Breast shaping for ladies. As a carrier material, for example, a conventional vest can be used Application. There is also no solution offered here, which offers sufficient wear comfort because The overall protective clothing is not adequately adapted to the female body shapes.

0008Therefore, the task was to develop protective clothing, especially antiballistic protective clothing for ladies, Which is well adapted to the body shapes and thus a high wearing comfort without loss of protective effect And which can furthermore be produced very cost-effectively.

0009Surprisingly, it has now been found that this object can be achieved in a particularly advantageous manner, When the deformations required for adaptation to the body shapes, such as, for example, the shaping of the bust part In women's protective clothing, by means of a molding process, and wherein the protective layer is formed on individual layers without the use of a resin. Besides the possibility, on This way protective clothing, especially antiballistic protective clothing for ladies cost effective without loss The task of improving the comfort of the wearer by the use of the Body form well adapted protective clothing, especially the bus part well adapted to female body shapes, In a particularly advantageous manner.

0010Thermal deformations of antiballistic packages have already been described. Thus, DE-A 3 mentions 426 458 discloses this possibility for a laminate formed from aramid fiber fabrics and a high proportion of polymeric Binders such as, for example, polyethylene, polyvinyl resins and the like. The temperatures suggested here Are adapted to the resins used. Although the possibility of the deformation of the resins solidified with resins Laminates in such a way as to achieve an adaptation to the body shapes, will be mentioned on the other hand But in the same printed document it is proposed to make incisions for producing biaxially curved laminate packages, Whereby a mode of operation analogous to the conventional dipping technique is recommended.

0011A similar technique, also with laminates and with low resins tuned to the resins used Temperatures is also known from the production of antiballistic helmets. An example of this is AT-B 372 524. *** "

0012The processes described up to now work with laminates. The low, adjusted to the resins used Temperatures in the previous methods for producing antiballistic protective clothing leave only one Deformation of textile planar structures from, for example, aramid fibers in the laminate composite. In the interest of a However, it is desirable to use non-laminated fabrics in antiballistic protective clothing, Wherein, when said protective garment is intended for ladies, a permanent deformation of these textile fabrics, For example in the form of individual fabrics without the use of a resin have to be.

0013For antiballistic protective clothing, especially for bullet-resistant and splinter-resistant vests, find in protective areas Often aramid fibers, which are also known under the name aromatic polyamide fibers. Such fibers Are, for example, under the brand name Twaron^R In the trade. Aramid fibers are polyamide fibers which are at least Partially of aromatic compounds. In the formation of the polyamides, for example, By polycondensation of an aromatic amine with an aromatic acid or their chlorides Both the acid component and the amine component are wholly or partly composed of aromatic compounds consist. For the purposes of the invention, aramide fibers are understood as meaning fibers whose main portion consists of aromatic, Amide-forming compounds.

0014Apart from aramide fibers, polyolefin fibers are also found for antiballistic protective clothing, especially by the gel spinning process Produced polyethylene fibers. These are also used for the preparation of the novel compounds Antiballistic protective clothing. The same applies to other antiballistically active fibers, for example So-called antiballistic nylon.

0015By antiballistically effective materials are meant those that penetrate bullets, splinters Etc., and decelerate their velocity when they strike these materials.

0016For forming the antiballistically effective protective layers, fabrics made of aramid fibers are often used. These Fibers are preferably processed as filament yarns into fabrics, but the use of spun yarn yarns is likewise possible. With filament yarns, however, a higher strength and a better antiballistic effect are achieved.

0017Under protective layers, antiballistically effective clothing means the positions which are antiballistically effective Materials in the abovementioned sense. Very often these protective layers are antiballistic Clothing around fabrics made of aramid fibers.

0018By antiballistic protective clothing is therefore to be understood as clothing, the effective protection of the body Against the penetration of bullets, fragments, fragments of explosives, etc.

0019If filament yarns are used for the manufacture of fabrics, they are obtained in titres of 400 to 3400 dtex for use. The filament titre is preferably below 1.7 dtex.

0020The yarns can be processed into fabrics on all machines which are customary in weaving technology. Prefers A fabric production in canvas binding, but also other bonds, such as, for example, a Panamabindung, are possible. The number of yarns to be used depends on the titer of the yarn and the desired yarn count Tissue density. The following data for the number of threads for the production of woven fabrics in plain weave Of aramid fibers for antiballistic protective layers are to be considered as examples:<tables><table><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry align="center">Garnititer</entry><entry align="center">Thread count per 10 cm</entry><entry align="center">tissue weight</entry></row><row><entry align="center"><b>dtex</b></entry><entry align="center"><b>In chain &amp; shot</b></entry><entry align="center"><b>G / m²</b></entry></row><row><entry align="right">420</entry><entry align="right">80-110</entry><entry align="right">65-100</entry></row><row><entry align="right">840</entry><entry align="right">90-110</entry><entry align="right">175-185</entry></row><row><entry align="right" /><entry align="right">120-130</entry><entry align="right">210-220</entry></row><row><entry align="right">930</entry><entry align="right">105-115</entry><entry align="right">200-220</entry></row><row><entry align="right">1 100</entry><entry align="right">85-120</entry><entry align="right">190-280</entry></row><row><entry align="right">1 260</entry><entry align="right">75-100</entry><entry align="right">190-250</entry></row><row><entry align="right" /><entry align="right">100-110</entry><entry align="right">250-280</entry></row><row><entry align="right">1 680</entry><entry align="right">65-80</entry><entry align="right">220-260</entry></row><row><entry align="right">3 360</entry><entry align="right">40-50</entry><entry align="right">300-460</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0021However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the use of tissues for the protective layers. In the same Other surface structures, such as films, thread layings, nonwovens or knitted fabrics, can also be used find. For textile fabrics made from fiber materials, the term textile fabrics is used here. These are understood to mean fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, thread weaving, etc. Tissues are used for the Preparation of the protective clothing according to the invention is preferred.

0022For the use of protective vests in the military and police area will be a good antiballistic effectiveness Even when wet. Usually, this efficacy decreases somewhat when, for example, water is formed Between the individual fabric layers of aramid fibers. To be used even when wet or after a Water assistence to ensure good antiballistic efficacy, it is common in many tissues Aramide fibers prior to their further processing to bullet or splinter-resistant vests of a water- Often also referred to as hydrophobing. Preference is given here to the use of equipment Based on fluorocarbon polymers. The processes for this are known in the textile finishing industry.

0023In the case of ball protection vests for police use, this equipment may be dispensed with, because the Packages made of antiballistic layers are welded between PVC films and thus watertight sealed.

0024In the surface structures intended for the antiballistic protective layers, especially in fabrics made of aramid fibers, A bust is molded by means of a molding process. Molding processes and the corresponding machines Are known in the bodice industry. One for the production of protective layers for antiballistically effective protective clothing Particularly suitable molding process is presented at the same time by the German Patent Office Patent application P 44 23194.6. The method described there provides for sheetlike structures made of aramids Temperatures of 180 - 300 ° C at a machine pressure of 4 - 8 bar (400 - 800 kPa).

0025According to the prior art, sheet metal constructions are particularly suitable for molding Materials. Aramid fibers, which are preferred for use for antiballistic protective clothing, do not belong however to the Thermoplastics, since they do not have a defined melting and softening point, and they melt before melting decompose. It was therefore surprising that a deformation of planar structures could be achieved by means of a molding process From these fibers, and in this way to provide a possibility consisting of such materials In a particularly favorable manner to the body molds, particularly to the female moldings Body shapes. With the Patent Application filed in the German Patent Office at the same time P 44 23 194.6, it is possible to produce sheetlike structures made of aramid fibers by means of a molding process To form a permanent new shape, and thus, for example, the bust of the antiballistic Layers for women's protective clothing can be formed irreversibly.

0026The antiballistic protective layers show after the shaping of a bust part by means of a molding process No loss of antiballistic activity, such as the ones listed below Try shooting attempts.

0027In these bombardment tests, the material to be tested was bombarded over several layers in several layers. The number of layers was chosen to correspond to the conditions as found in the protective vest. The bombardment was carried out with 9 mm para-ammunition from a distance of 10 m at a bombardment angle of 90 °. The examination of the antiballistic effect was made once by ascertaining a possible interruption, to Others by checking the change in plasticine mass applied behind the material to be shot. For this purpose, the impression depth of the projectile in the plasticine mass was determined, which is an approximate measure for the Energy effect of a projectile on the human body in the event of a bombardment. Penetration depth into the plasticine mass is determined by the police departments, depending on the specification, up to 44 mm authorized.

0028The bombardment tests were carried out on fabrics made of aramid fibers, on which, German Patent Office, patent application P 44 23 194.6, described as a patent article Had been formed. The bombardment took place at the formed points. At all No run was detected at the points deformed by Moldens. The penetration depth In plasticine was between 26 and 42 mm and thus below the permissible maximum limit.

0029The antiballistic protective layers deformed by moldens are preferably used for ball protection vests for women Use. For this purpose, between 20 and 30 of these layers are superimposed such that the molded bus parts Exactly one above the other. Often, such a vest consists of 28 protective layers. These are made after the Insertion of the embossments by a cross-stitch seam together, each of the two crosswise Running seams approximately 10 cm in length. This cross stitch seam is below the molded bust part appropriate. A sewing thread, for example made of aramide fiber, is used for the stiffening. The thus formed antiballistic Package is then used to manufacture a ball-protection vest in a pre-made sheath of PVC film with Also molded by Molden. The PVC sheath is deformed in such a way that in a Double-layer PVC film, which has already been welded at one edge and is still open at three edges, by means of Moldens The bust is shaped according to the shape of the antiballistic protective layers. In this case, the then Both on the front as well as on the back has a bust part, the antiballistic package is inserted And the still open edges are welded watertight. Subsequently the welded in PVC foil Package, for example, into a dyed or printed cotton or cotton polyester fabric corresponding to the shapes Of the antiballistic package. In the interests of easy removal Of the antiballistic package, for example with a necessary cleaning, the package is not in the upper material Fully sewn, but an opening and removal possibility by means of a tear or velcro closure created.

0030The antiballistic protective layers are included in clothing in the form of the so-called antiballistic package. This package is covered on both sides by cover layers, which can be of various types. Among For the purposes of the invention, covering layers are textile or non-textile surfaces which are arranged underneath or above The package of protective layers.

0031Cover layers are also, for example, PVC films which are used for welding the antiballistic protective layers find. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the use of PVC films, and others Suitable materials for this purpose can be used in the same way. If PVC films are used, this is done The shaping of the bus part by means of a molding process at temperatures of 60-100 ° C., preferably 70 ° - 90 ° C. The machine pressure is 2 to 5 bar (200-500 kPa), preferably 3-4 bar (300-400 kPa).

0032For the production of splinter protection vests for ladies, which are particularly used in the military field, For example, 14 layers are superimposed such that the molded bus parts lie precisely one above the other. The layers are sewn together at the edges. The antiballistic package thus formed is then divided into a Prefabricated cover, for example made of polyester fabric coated with neoprene on both sides, also with Molden's molded bust is sewn or welded. The deformation of the coated polyester fabric Is effected in such a way that in a two-ply, already sewn or welded on one edge, and welded on three edges Still open coated polyester fabric by means of Moldens the bust according to the form of the antiballistic Layers. In addition to coated polyester fabrics, other coated materials can also be used as covering material Textile fabrics. When coated polyester fabrics are used, shaping takes place Of the bus part by means of a molding process at temperatures of 180 ° -220 ° C., preferably 190 ° -210 ° ° C. The adjusted machine pressure is 5 to 7 bar (500 to 700 kPa), preferably 5.5 to 6.5 bar (550 to 650 kPa). In this case, which then has a bust part on the front as well as on the back, the antiballistic Package and the still open edges are sewn or welded. Subsequently, The cover of coated polyester fabric or another coated textile fabric Or sewn-in package, for example, into a dyed or printed cotton or cotton polyester fabric, Which is adapted to the forms of the antiballistic package.

0033The protective clothing according to the invention provides for female safety forces through one in the protective and covering layers By Moldens's molded bust part, ensures a high wearing comfort and does not have any effect on the freedom of movement. With the protective clothing according to the invention, therefore, a considerable advance in the production of Protective clothing, especially in the production of protective vests for female security forces, without sacrificing losses Protection.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

example 1

0034A fabric was made from a filament yarn of aramide fibers with a titer of 930 dtex produced. The thread count was 10.7 / cm in the chain and 10.5 / cm in the weft. The resulting tissue had a Weight of 202 g / m² And a thickness of 0.30 mm. Bladders for protective vests were cut from this fabric. On these blanks, a bus section was used, one at the same time in German Patent Office, p 44 23194.6. A total of 28 layers of these blanks were put together to form a package and placed in a PVC sheath, By means of thermoforming a bust part had been formed, welded. The antiballistic package so produced Was subjected to a bombardment test according to the abovementioned conditions, the bombardment also being carried out on The developed bodies. With a total of four goals, no shot was scored. the through Molden changed places. The values ​​for the penetration depth in plasticine were between 26 and 37 mm. Thus the demands of the German police for the use as a protective clothing were fully fulfilled.

0035Further attempts at bombardment were carried out on packets with different ones Numbers of antiballistic layers. The following results were obtained:<tables><table><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry align="center"><b>Number of layers</b></entry><entry align="center"><b>shot</b></entry><entry align="center"><b>depth of penetration mm</b></entry></row><row><entry align="center">30</entry><entry align="center">No</entry><entry align="center">30</entry></row><row><entry align="center">28</entry><entry align="center">No</entry><entry align="center">31</entry></row><row><entry align="center">26</entry><entry align="center">No</entry><entry align="center">36</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

0036These results show that even in reducing the number of antiballistic layers in a vest, Ball-bearing requirements are still fully met by the formed areas.

Example 2

0037A fabric was made from a filament yarn of aramid fibers with a titre of 1 100 dtex produced. The number of threads in the chain was 8.7 / cm and in the shot 8.3 / cm. The resulting tissue had a Weight of 189 g / m² And a thickness of 0.30 mm. Bladders for protective vests were made from this fabric. On these blanks, a bus section was produced, using the same as in the German Patent Office at the same time The patent application P 44 23 194.6. Overall 14 Layers of these blanks were put together to form a package and for the bombardment attempt along the edges Stitched together. The antiballistic package so produced was subjected to fragmentation under the conditions Of STANAG 2920. The bombardment was carried out with 1.1 g splinters. During the bombardment of the dry A V50 value of 467 m / sec is registered at the points deformed by Moldens. This value means that A penetration probability of 50% exists at said speed. On the non-deformed The V50 value was 466 m / sec. Even when bombarded in the wet state were formed on and not Deformed areas almost the same values. The V50 value was 437 m / sec at the formed points And at the non-deformed points at 436 m / sec. This example shows, as does the preceding, that Deformation of the protective layers by means of moldens does not adversely affect the antiballistic effect of the protective clothing .