TDMA mobile communication system and handover method therefor

The present invention relates to a mobile communication system and a method thereof covering a service area with a plurality of base stations which provide radio zones and performs communication between the base stations and mobile stations, and, more particularly, to a mobile communication system and a method thereof which a mobile station monitors a communication quality or receiving signal level of radio signal from base stations and selects an appropriate base station for communication during moving.

In a mobile communication system, in order to effectively use a frequency, its service area is finely divided into a plurality of radio zones so that the same frequency is used for communication at the respective base stations in the radio zone which are apart from each other as far as they do not interfere with each other. In particular, a personal handy-phone system which has been put in practical use in recent years is advanced in the fine division of radio zones, and therefore a mobile station frequently changes over a base station (i.e., radio frequency for communication) to be communicated with while it is moving. Also, in the mobile communication system such as the personal handy-phone system, its communication system is digitalized and a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) transmission system, a plurality of speech channels are multiplexed in a time-division manner in each radio frequency for communication, is adopted for communication between base stations and mobile stations. The mobile station is so designed as to monitor a communication quality and a reception level of radio signal transmitted from base stations, and, to change over from a base station under communication to another base station when the communication quality is degraded.

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an operation sequence when a mobile station changes over a base station for its communication. A mobile station 102 under communication with the base station 101 always monitors the receive signal level and the communication quality of a speech channel currently being used. The mobile station 102 sends out a speech channel changeover request signal 103 to the base station 101 when the receive level and the communication quality are deteriorated lower than predetermined values, respectively. Upon receiving the changeover request signal 103, the base station 101 sends out a channel changeover instruction signal 104 to the mobile station 102. After receiving the channel changeover instruction signal 104, the mobile station 102 carries out an observation operation 105 of control carriers and inspects the receive level of radio signal transmitted from base stations around the mobile station 102.

For control carriers, one frequency is assigned to all the base stations, and a time-division multiplexed time slot is assigned to each base station. Each base station is so designed as to send out a control signal to the time slot assigned thereto. A time slot for sending out the control signal through the control carriers is called "a control slot" in this specification. The mobile station monitors the receive levels of all the base stations around the mobile station by monitoring one frequency for control carriers.

The mobile station 102 sequentially observes the control slots on each control carrier, detects a base station corresponding to the control slot a receive level of which exceeds a predetermined value, and selects the detected base station as a target base station 106 for change over. The mobile station 102 originates a call 107 to the target base station 106 for change over to resume communication through the base station 106. Such a mobile communication system has been disclosed in "The Second-Generation Cordless Telephone System, Standard Specification, the first edition, pp. 376 to 377, published by The Research & Development Center for Radio Systems Foundation.

The change over operation sequence in which searching a subsequent base station for changing over after inturruption of communication with the original base station causes communication interruption period long. Under such circumstances, there have been a variety of proposals by which the communication interruption period when changing over is shortened and carrying out more smooth operation of the changeover of base stations with the movement of the mobile station.

JP-A- 4-29495 discloses a mobile communication system that performs a communication test between a mobile station and a target base station for change over during a waiting period since receiving a time slot of speech channel until a subsequent time slot which will be received in one cycle of period later. Because the communication test can be performed between the mobile station and another base station during the waiting period of the time slot for communication with the original base station in the speech channel, the communication interruption period caused by the changing over operation can be shortened.

Also, JP-A- 1-238329 discloses a mobile communication system in which a time slot of speech channel for communication with the target base station is to be allocated in the position which is apart from a time slot under communication by a predetermined period later behind. Similarly, in that mobile communication system, a communication test is also performed during a waiting period, but, allocation of time slot of speech channel for communication with the target base station is prevented from adjoining a time slot of speech channel under communication with the original base station. If there is a time difference necessary for changing over a speech channel between the time slots for original communication and new communication, the channel changeover is unnecessary to perform at a high speed, thereby being capable of simplifying circuits in a communication aparatus.

In addition, JP-A-64-55924 discloses a mobile communication system which is designed in such a manner that the number of multiplexed time slots for communication carriers and the number of multiplexed time slots for control carriers are set to different values respectively, so that the state of all the control slots can be observed during the waiting period. If the number of multiplexed time slots for communication carriers and the number of multiplexed time slots for control carriers are identical to each other, the control slot at the same timing as that of the time slot for communication carriers cannot be observed. However, if the number of multiplexed time slots is set to a difference value therebetween, whereby the control slot that has the same timing as that of the time slot for communication carrier is replaced with the different time slot for communication carrier in every one cycle of period. Accordingly, with the observation of the control carriers over a plurality of cycles of period, a communication test can be performed on all the control slots.

Also, JP-A- 5-75531 discloses a mobile communication system which is so designed that a radio frequency is changed over for the alternation of a base station, using a period during which communication is in a silent state (no voice signal exists). In the communication system having a voice operated transmission (hereinafter referred to as "VOX") function by which the mobile station under communication stops a transmission output in accordance with the presence/absence of voice signal, a frequency is changed over using a transmission stop period (hereinafter referred to as "VOX period") due to silence.

In the related art disclosed in    JP-A- 4-29495 or Japanese Patent Layed Open Hei 1-238329, a communication test cannot be performed on the control slot which is assigned at the same timing as that of the time slot under current communication. For that reason, after communication between the mobile station and the original base station has been interrupted, it is necessary that at least a communication state of the control slot at that timing is observed, which leads to such a problem that the interruption of communication when changing over the base station cannot be sufficiently shortened.

In the prior art disclosed in    JP-A-64-55924, a communication state can be observed on all the control slots using a waiting period by providing different number of multiplexed time slots for the communication carrier and the control carrier. However, there exists a limitation in conditions that the number of multiplexed time slots is to be differed therebetween, and this causes not only the flexibility of the communication system be lowered, but also the remarkable alteration of the present technical specifications be required in adapting it to the second generation cordless telephone system.

In the related art disclosed in    JP-A-5-75531, the base stations can be changed during a VOX period which is a silent period. However, the control slot still need to be observed to determine the target base station for change over. This leads to such a problem that communication must be interrupted for observing the control slot.

In view of the above, the present invention solves such problems, and intended to provide a mobile communication system which is capable of changing over to an optimum base station in a period of communication interruption as short as posible.

A mobile communication system according to the present invention is for the system which provides a service area by a plurality of base stations each providing a radio zone in which a mobile station communicating with the base station using a Time Division Multiple Access transmission system, and the mobile communication system comprises the following elements: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) communication means for providing a plurality of time divisioned speech time slots in a radio frequency for speech channels for communication between a mobile station and a base station in a radio zone, and a plurality of time divisioned control time slots in a radio frequency for control channels transmitting and receiving control information between a mobile station and a plurality of base stations around the mobile station;</li><li>(2) the mobile station including; <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>a. first communication state observing means for observing each control time slot for monitoring communication states between the mobile station and base stations around the mobile station during time periods other than a time period for the speech time slot currently being used;</li><li>b. silent state detecting means for detecting a silent period, no voice signal existing, in a predetermined time interval in a speech time slot;</li><li>c. second communication state observing means for observing a control time slot for monitoring communication states between the mobile station and a base station, whose control time slot is in the same timing as the speech time slot currently being used, during silent periods when the silent state detecting means has detected; and</li><li>d. base station changeover means for changing over a base station to be communicated to a base station from which a best communication state is obtained on the basis of observation results of the first communication state observing means and the second communication state observing means.</li></ul></li></ul>

A method of mobile communication according to the present invention is for a mobile communication system which provides a service area by a plurality of base stations each providing a radio zone in which a mobile station communicating with the base station using a Time Division Multiple Access transmission system, providing a plurality of time divisioned speech time slots in a radio frequency for speech channels for communication between a mobile station and a base station in a radio zone, and a plurality of time divisioned control time slots in a radio frequency for control channels transmitting and receiving control information between a mobile station and a plurality of base stations around the mobile station. The method comprisese the following steps: <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(1) first observing each control time slot for monitoring communication states between the mobile station and base stations around the mobile station during time periods other than a time period for the speech time slot currently being used;</li><li>(2) detecting a silent period, no voice signal existing, in a predetermined time interval in a speech time slot;</li><li>(3) second observing a control time slot for monitoring communication states between the mobile station and a base station, whose control time slot is in the same timing as the speech time slot currently being used, during silent periods having been detected; and</li><li>(4) changing over a base station to be communicated to a base station from which a best communication state is obtained on the basis of observation results of the first observing and second observing.</li></ul>

In other words, in the present invention, the communication states between the mobile station and all the base stations around the mobile station can be checked while communication with the original base station so that the communication interruption period for changing over the base station is shortened.

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a communication sequence when a mobile station changes over a base station to be communicated in a conventional mobile communication system.

Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the area structure of a mobile communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing one example of a communication sequence in changing over the base station in the mobile communication system in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the outline of a circuit structure of a mobile station in the mobile communication system in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a timing chart showing the state of each signal when a speech state is changed from a voice state to a silent state.

Fig. 6 is a timing chart showing the state of each signal when the silent state continues.

Fig. 7 is a timing chart showing the state of each signal when the state changes from a silent state to a voice state.

Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the communication sequence in the mobile communication system where the changeover of a base station is performed by changing over the communication channel.

The present invention will be described in the following by referring to the attached drawings.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a mobile communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Base stations 11₁ to 11₅ provide radio zones 12₁ to 12₅, respectively for covering service area of the mobile communication system. The adjacent radio zones overlap with each other so that the base station is changed over in the overlap area when a mobile station 13 moves between the radio zones. The respective base stations 11₁ to 11₅ are connected to a base station control unit 14 for managing those base stations 11₁ to 11₅. The base station control unit 14 is connected to another mobile communication system or a fixed communication network through a system control unit 15.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing one example of a communication sequence in changing over the base station in the mobile communication system in accordance with the present invention. Each frequency used for communication between the base station and the mobile station is multiplexed in time division into a plurality of time slots, respectively.

The communication carriers which is a frequency used for speech channels corresponding to a plurality of time slots.

Control carriers used for transmitting a variety of control signals are multiplexed in time division, and one frequency is commonly used for the control carriers in a plurality of base stations. It means that the communication states between the mobile station and all the base stations around the mobile station can be observed by monitoring only one frequency of the control carrier.

A VOX function is provided for an upward channel (channel direction from mobile station to base station) and a downward channel (channel direction from base station to mobile station), respectively. Both of the base station and the mobile station include a VOX burst signal transmission function. The VOX burst signal transmission function is a function to trnsmit background noise information or the like, using a VOX period.

The mobile station 21 performs an observation 23 of the control carrier for discriminating the communication state between the mobile station 21 and the base stations around the mobile station 21 simultaneously during communication with the base station 22. A control slot having the timing different from that of the time slot of speech channel is observed while waiting for the time slot of the speech channel, to thereby check the communication state. A control slot having the timing identical to that of the time slot of speech channel is observed using the VOX period where it is in a silent (no voice signal exists) state.

Information such as background noise is transmitted by the VOX burst signal, and when a VOX period continues over a plurality of cycles of period, it is unnecessary to transmit the VOX burst signal in every cycle of period. During a silent section (VOX periods), the VOX burst signal is transmitted and received only once per two or four frames, and other VOX periods are assigned for observing the carrier level of a control slot. Also, the communication state of the speech channel, for example, the receive level is monitored during communication, and when the receive quality is deteriorated, a changeover request signal 24 is transmitted to an original base station 22 under communication. In response thereto, upon receiving a changeover instruction signal 25 from the original station 22, the mobile station 21 selects a target base station 26 for changing over on the basis of the result of the observation 23 of the control carrier having done during communication, and originates a call request 27 to that target base station 26. Then, communication 28 with new base station 26 is commenced.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the outline of a circuit structure of a mobile station in the mobile communication system of the above-mentioned communication sequence. A mobile station is comprised of an antenna 31, a duplexer 32 for using the antenna for transmission and reception, a transmitting section 33 for processing a transmission signal, a receiving section 34 for processing a reception signal; and a speech channel changeover control circuit 35 for controlling the operation of changing over a speech channel. An upward speech signal 36 inputted from a voice transmitter not shown is processed through the transmitting section 33 in such a manner that it forms one frame every 5 milli-sec, and digitalized. The digital speech signal for one frame is compressed in time and put in one time slot of the speech channel.

A signal from the antenna 31 is received by a receiver 37 of the receiving section 34 through the duplexer 32. The received signal by the receiver 37 is transferred to demodulator 38 for demodulating that received signal, and the demodulated downward speech signal 39 is transferred to a receiver not shown. The demodulator 38 is provided with a function of discriminating whether the time slot having been received contains voice signal or not. An upward VOX period control carrier level monitoring circuit 41 is a circuit for observing a control carrier level in the control slot having the same timing as that of the speech channel when the upward speech signal 36 is in a silent state (no voice signal exists). A downward VOX period control carrier level monitoring circuit 42 is a circuit for monitoring the carrier level of the control slot having the same timing as that of the time slot for speech channel for which silent state has been detected by the demodulator 38.

A control slot carrier level monitoring circuit 43 is a circuit for observing the carrier level of the control slot having a timing different from that of the time slot for speech channel. A receive state monitoring circuit 44 is a circuit for monitoring the communication quality of the speech channel. A speech channel changeover control circuit 35 has a function of selecting an optimum base station as a target base station for changing over on the basis of the monitored results of the upward and downward VOX period control carrier level monitoring circuits 41, 42, and control slot carrier level monitoring circuit 43. When the speech channel changeover control circuit 44 is notified of the deterioration of the communication quality of the speech channel from the receive state monitoring circuit 44, it changes over the speech channel to the optimum base station selected on the basis of the monitored results during communication.

The receiver 37 and the demodulator 38 are commonly used in any one of the reception of the time slot for speech channel, the reception of the time slot for control carrier at a timing different from that of the speech time slot, and the reception of the time slot for control carrier at a timing identical to that of the speech channel but the speech time slot is in the VOX period. In other words, when receiving the time slot for speech channel, the frequency of the receiver 37 is set to a radio channel of speech channel, and when receiving the time slot for control carrier, it is set to the frequency of the radio channel of control carrier.

Fig. 5 is a timing chart showing the state transition of each signal when the state of speech channel is changed from a voice state to a silent state. A signal in a speech channel, (a) in Fig. 5, is in a voice state until a timing T₁₁ and thereafter changed into a silent state. The signal in the speech channel is formed into frames for every 5 milli-sec, (b) in Fig. 5. The signal is converted into a digital signal for each frame and then compressed in time before being assigned to each time slot. The mobile station or the base station detects whether the signal in a speech channel is in the silent state or not, for each frame, and outputs a signal state detection signal, (c) in Fig. 5, at a time point between the adjacent frame. In the figure, a mark O represents that the voice state is detected, whereas a mark X represents that the silent state (no voice signal exists for whole frame period) is detected. Since a frame 51 before a timing T₁₁ includes a voice signal, the voice state is detected at the timing T₁₁. In a frame 52 after the voice signal has been disappeared, the silent state is detected at a timing T₁₂.

A signal, (d) in Fig. 5, of the upward channel, which is sent from the mobile station to the base station, transmits the voice signal of the frame 51 as an upward burst signal 53 in one time slot. Similarly, a signal, (e) in Fig. 5, of the downward channel, which is sent from the base station to the mobile station, transmits a voice signal as a downward burst signal 54. In a period of the time slot after the silent state has been detected, the VOX burst signals 55 and 56 are transmitted.

In the upward channel, the VOX burst signal is sent out for every four frames, and in the downward channel, the VOX burst signal is sent out for every two frames. In the figure 5, a time slot indicated by oblique lines represents that the VOX burst signal is transmitted. In the VOX periods, the silent state is detected and transmission is stopped, at times T₁₃, T₁₄ and T₁₅ where the VOX burst signal is not transmitted, the reception frequency is changed over to that of the control carrier, and the carrier level of the control slot having a timing identical to that of the speech time slot is observed. Downward arrows 57₁ to 57₃ in (d) of the figure 5 represent that the downward control carrier level has been observed in the VOX period of the transmit slot of the mobile station. Also, upward arrows 58₁ to 58₃ in (e) of the figure 5 represent that the downward carrier level has been observed in the VOX period of the receive slot of the mobile station.

Fig. 6 is a timing chart showing the state of each signal when the silent state continues. A signal in the speech channel, (a) in the figure 6, continues to be a silent state. During this state, in an upward channel, (b) in the figure 6, the VOX burst signal is transmitted once per four frames, and in the VOX period for rest of three frames, a downward control carrier is measured. In a downward channel, (c) in the figure 6, the VOX burst signal is transmitted once per two frames, and in other VOX period, the upward control carrier is observed. It is needless to say that the control carrier is always observed during communication at a timing of time slots used for other than current speech channel.

Fig. 7 is a timing chart showing the state of each signal when the state changes from a silent state to a voice state. A signal in the speech channel, (a) in the figure 7, is in a silent state until a time T₂₁, and thereafter changed in a voice state. The voice signal is divided into frames for every 5 milli-sec, (b) in the figure 7, and it is detected whether each frame has voice or silence. In the voice state detection signal, (c) in the figure 7, a mark O represents that a voice state is detected, whereas a mark X represents that a silent state is detected, as in the case of Fig. 5. Since a frame 61 is a frame that has changed from the silent state to the voice state, the voice state is detected at a time T₂₂.

Upon detecting the voice state, the transmission of the VOX burst signal or the measurement of the carrier level of the control slot is stopped, and the transmission/reception of voice signals is performed. It can be discriminated whether it is a voice burst signal, a VOX burst signal or a VOX period where the transmission operation is stopped so that none of the voice burst signal and the VOX burst signal exists, by analyzing the top portion of each time slot. The demodulator 38 of the mobile station analyzes the top portion of a signal of a communication time slot for each cycle of period, and discriminates whether that signal is voice, the VOX burst or the VOX period. Then, when it is discriminated that it is the VOX period, the control carrier is measured in its burst period. Hence, the voice signal can be normally received even though the state is changed into the voice state from the time slot of a period succeeding to the VOX burst signal.

In this way, since the time slot in the silent state is used, the communication state of all the time slots of the control carrier can be checked during communication with the original base station. Then, when detecting the deterioration of the reception level of the communication channel during communication, or when detecting the control slot on the control carrier whose reception level is stronger than that of the communication channel during communication, a base station to be communicated is changed to a base station more excellent in communication state. As a result, interruption period of communication can be made shorter than that in a case where the communication state of each control slot is checked after communication with the original base station is interrupted.

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the communication sequence in the mobile communication system where the changeover of base station is performed by changing over the communication channel. The same portions as those in the communication sequence shown in Fig. 3 are represented by the same symbols, and its description will be omitted appropriately. Similarly, in this mobile communication system, the levels of all the control slots are measured during communication. Then, in the case where the communication state between the mobile station and the original base station 22 is deteriorated, the mobile station sends out the changeover request signal 24 to the original base station 22, and receives the changeover instruction signal 25. The base station can be changed by only changing over the communication channel without additionally originating a call to the target base station. Hence, the communication interruption period due to the changeover of the base station can be further shortened.

In the embodiment described above, the voice signal in speech channel is divided as one frame for 5 milli-sec. However, the length of one frame is not limited thereto or thereby. Also, in the above-mentioned embodiment, several VOX periods are assigned to the transmission of the VOX burst signal. However, the control carrier may be observed in all the VOX periods.

Although the present invention has been fully described by way of the preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes and modifications will be apparent to those having skill in this field. Therefore, unless these changes and modifications otherwise depart from the scope of the present invention, they should be construed as included therein.