2-substituted 2-cyclopentenone and carcinostatic agent and osteogenesis promoter containing the same as active ingredient

0001The present invention relates to a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound, and more particularly, to a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound having superior pharmacological activities, such as an anticancer activity and bone formation activity, and an anticancer agent and a bone formation accelerator comprising the same as an active ingredient.

BACKGROUND ART

0002A prostaglandin is a compound having specific biological activities, such as a platelet agglutination inhibitory activity and a vasodepressor activity, and is a useful naturally occurring substance which is now used in the medical field as a therapeutic agent for diseases of the peripheral cardiovascular system. Among the prostaglandins, prostaglandin A compounds are known as a prostaglandin having a double bond in its cyclopentane ring. For example, European Unexamined Patent Publication No. 0106576 (publication date: April 25, 1984) discloses 4,5-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds embracing the prostaglandin A compounds, which include 5-alkylidene-4-substituted-2-cyclopentene compounds represented by the following formula: <chemistry id="chem0001" num="0001"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0001.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein W stands for a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and Y stands for a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and 5-(1-hydroxy-hydrocarbon)-4-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula: <chemistry id="chem0002" num="0002"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0002.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein W' and Y' are the same as W and Y, respectively.

0003Further, the above publication also states that the above-described compounds are useful for treating a malignant tumor.

0004European Unexamined Patent Publication No. 0131441 (publication date: January 16, 1985) discloses 5-alkylidene-2-halo-4-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula: <chemistry id="chem0003" num="0003"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0003.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein Ra stands for a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; Rb stands for a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and X stands for a halogen atom, and further discloses that the above-described compounds are similarly useful for treating a malignant tumor.

0005Further, it is also known that prostaglandin D compounds and prostaglandin J compounds, although different from the prostaglandin A compounds, are useful as an antitumor agent [see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 58-216155 and Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A., <u>81</u>, 1317 - 1321 (1984)].

0006Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 62-96438 discloses 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the general formula: <chemistry id="chem0004" num="0004"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0004.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein X stands for a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; A and B stand for a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group, respectively, or are combined with each other to form a single bond; R^J stands for a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R^K stands for a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R^L stands for a hydrogen atom or a protecting group for a hydroxyl group, provided that R^K is not 2-octenyl, 8-acetoxy-2-octenyl or 2,5-octadienyl, and states that the above-described compounds are useful for the treatment of a malignant tumor.

0007The present inventors have reported, in The 109th Annual Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (Preprints on page 117), that 2-methylthio-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula have an anticancer activity: <chemistry id="chem0005" num="0005"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0005.tif" /></chemistry> wherein in the specific compounds reported, n is 0, 1 or 2, and either X is OH, R_α is -CH=CH-CH(OH)(CH₂)₃OH and R_ω is -(CH₂)₄OPh, or X is H, R_α is -(CH₂)₅CO₂CH₃ and R_ω is -CH=CH-CH(OH)(CH₂)₄CH₃.

0008It is commonly recognized that the metabolism of the bone of healthy persons is established by a good balance of the repetition of the absorption of bone by osteoclasts and the formation of bone by osteoblasts, and it is considered that the breaking of the balance between-the absorption of bone and the formation of bone leads to diseases such as osteoporosis and osteomalalacia. Active vitamin preparations, calcitonin preparations, diphosphonic acid preparations, estrogen preparations, calcium preparations, etc. are used as a therapeutic agent for these diseases of bone. Nevertheless, although it has been reported that many of these preparations have a bone absorption inhibitory activity, there is no report clearly showing that they exhibit a bone formation accelerative activity. Further, since the effect of these preparations is not clear, the development of a preparation capable of more surely attaining the effect and having an activity through which the formation of bone by the osteoblasts is accelerated has been desired in the art.

0009Koshihara et al. reported in Biochemical Society of Japan (Preprints, 1988, p.767) that prostaglandin D₂ has an activity through which the calcification by human osteoblasts is accelerated, and suggested that this activity is derived from the action of ¹Δ-prostaglandin J₂ , which is a decomposition product of the prostaglandin D₂.

Problem to be Solved by the Invention

0010As described in European Unexamined Patent Publication No. 338796 (publication date: October 25, 1989), the present inventors found that 2-cyclopentenone compounds having in their 2-position a group bonded to the skeleton through a sulfur atom represented by the following formula have an antitumor activity and a bone formation accelerative activity: <chemistry id="chem0006" num="0006"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0006.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein A stands for a hydroxyl group or <chemistry id="chem0007" num="0007"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0007.tif" /></chemistry> and B stands for a hydrogen atom, or A and B are combined with each other to form a bond line; <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>R₁ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;</li><li>R₂ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;</li><li>R₃ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that when R₃ is bonded to the cyclopentene skeleton through a single bond, X stands for a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a protected hydroxyl group, and when R₃ is bonded to the cyclopentene skeleton through a double bond, X stands for a bond constituting part of the double bond; and</li><li>m and n, which may be the same or different from each other, stand for 0, 1 or 2.</li></ul>

0011Further, the present inventors have made extensive and intensive studies, and as a result, have found that not only the above-described compounds but also a wider range of 2-cyclopentenone compounds having in their 2-position a group attached to the skeleton through a sulfur atom have a similar activity.

Disclosure of the Invention

0012An object of the present invention is to provide a novel 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound, that is, a 2-cyclopentenone compound having in its 2-position a group bonded to the skeleton through a sulfur atom.

0013Another object of the present invention is to provide a bone formation accelerator comprising a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as an active ingredient.

0014A further object of the present invention is to provide a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound or a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound useful as a starting compound for producing the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound of the present invention.

0015Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.

0016According to the present invention, there is provided a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the following formula (I): <chemistry id="chem0008" num="0008"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0008.tif" /></chemistry> wherein <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>R¹ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted (i) acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, (ii) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (iii) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or (iv) heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;</li><li>R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted (i) acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, (ii) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (iii) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or (iv) heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;</li><li>R³ stands for a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted (i) acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, (ii) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or (iii) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;</li><li>X stands for a hydrogen atom, or -OR⁴ (wherein R⁴ stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group or a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁴), provided that X is absent when R³ is bonded to the carbon atom bonding thereto through a double bond;</li><li>R⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted (i) acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or (ii) an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms;</li><li>B stands for a hydrogen atom when A stands for a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 5 carbon atoms, a sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or <chemistry id="chem0009" num="0009"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0009.tif" /></chemistry> or A and B are combined with each other to form a bond line;</li><li>m and n, which may be the same or different from each other, stand for 0, 1 or 2,</li><li>exclusive of the cases where R¹ stands fora substituted or unsubstituted acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and R³ does not stand for a hydrogen atom, and R⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom, and either i) A stands for a hydroxyl group, a sulfonyloxy group or <chemistry id="chem0010" num="0010"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0010.tif" /></chemistry> and B is a hydrogen atom or ii) A and B are combined with each other to form a bond line.</li></ul>

0017The term "aliphatic hydrocarbon group" as used hereinafter is intended to mean "acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group".

0018In the above-described formula (I), regarding A and B, when A is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy-carbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or <chemistry id="chem0011" num="0011"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0011.tif" /></chemistry> B is absent and a double bond exists between carbon atoms to which A and B are respectively bonded.

0019That is, when A stands for a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl 5 group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or <chemistry id="chem0012" num="0012"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0012.tif" /></chemistry> and B stands for a hydrogen atom, the above-described formula (I) represents 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula (I-B'): <chemistry id="chem0013" num="0013"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0013.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹, R, R³, R⁵, X and n are as defined above, and    A stands for a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or a sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms;

0020When A stands for <chemistry id="chem0014" num="0014"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0014.tif" /></chemistry> and B stands for a hydrogen atom, the above-described formula (I) represents 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula (I-B'') <chemistry id="chem0015" num="0015"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0015.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹, R, R³, R⁵, X, m and n are as defined above; and

0021When A and B are combined with each other to form a bond line, the above-described formula (I) represents 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the following formula (I-A): <chemistry id="chem0016" num="0016"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0016.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹, R, R³, R⁵, X and n are as defined above and represents that the substituent attached to the double bond is in an E-configuration or a Z-configuration or a mixture thereof in any proportion, and further there are provided anticancer agents and bone formation accelerators comprising the above compounds as an active ingredient.

0022In the above-described formula (I), when A stands for an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, examples of the acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms include acetoxy, propionyloxy, isopropionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, s-butyryloxy, valeryloxy, isovaleryloxy, hexanoyloxy, heptanoyloxy and benzoyloxy.

0023In the above-described formula (I), when A stands for an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, examples of the alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms include methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy, isobutoxycarbonyloxy, s-butoxycarbonyloxy and t-butoxycarbonyloxy.

0024In the above-described formula (I), when A stands for a sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, examples of the sulfonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms include an alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyloxy group and a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C₁ - C₂) alkylsulfonyloxy group.

0025Examples of the alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom include methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, butanesulfonyloxy, t-butanesulfonyloxy, chloromethanesulfonyloxy, dichloromethanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy and nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxy groups. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyloxy group include benzenesulfonyloxy, p-bromobenzenesulfonyloxy and toluenesulfonyloxy groups. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C₁ - C₂) alkylsulfonyloxy group include benzylsulfonyloxy, α-phenetylsulfonyloxy and β-phenetylsulfonyloxy groups.

0026In the above-described formula (I), R¹ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.

0027Examples of the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the R¹ include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, nonyl and decyl groups; alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl; and alkynyl groups such as 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl and 3-hexynyl.

0028Examples of the unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the R¹ include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 4-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups.

0029Examples of the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon groups in the R¹ include phenyl,1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups.

0030Examples of the unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the R¹ include monocyclic or bicyclic groups having an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, such as furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, morpholinyl and piperidinyl groups.

0031R¹ may be a group comprising, attached to each other, any combination of the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. Among them, preferred examples of the R¹ include a substituted or unsubstituted <ul id="ul0003" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(R¹-a) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(R¹-b) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(R¹-c) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(R¹-d) heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(R¹-e) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(R¹-f) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and</li><li>(R¹-g) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with a heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0032Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-a) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, 2-propenyl and 4-pentenyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-b) include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-butylcyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl and 4-methoxycyclohexyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-c) include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-butylphenyl, 3-t-butylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, 7-methoxy-2-naphthyl and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-d) include 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 6-purinyl, 1-methylimidazol-2-yl, 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl, 5-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl, 6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl, 4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl and 6-propyl-2-pyrimidinyl groups.

0033Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-e) include cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 2-cyclohexylpropyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyl, 1-cyclohexyl-1-methylethyl, (4-t-butylcyclohexyl)methyl and (4-methoxycyclohexyl)methyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-f) include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, (1-naphthyl)methyl, (2-naphthyl)methyl, 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl, (4-methylphenyl)methyl, (3-methylphenyl)methyl, (4-ethylphenyl)methyl, (4-butylphenyl)methyl, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl and (6-methoxynaphthyl)methyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r¹-g) include furfuryl and 3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl groups.

0034The above-described groups (r¹-a) to (r¹-g) may be substituted with a plurality of different groups, and examples of the substituent include (i) a halogen atom; (ii) an oxo group; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a nitro group; (v) -COOR⁶¹ (wherein R⁶¹ stands for a hydrogen atom; one equivalent of cation; a residue of a saccharide; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms); (vi) -OR⁷¹ (wherein R⁷¹ stands for a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group; a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁷¹; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms); (vii) -CONR⁸¹R⁸¹⁰ (wherein R⁸¹ and R⁸¹⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein R⁸¹ and R⁸¹⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring); and (viii) -NR⁹¹R⁹¹⁰ (wherein R⁹¹ and R⁹¹⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein R⁹¹ and R⁹¹⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring).

0035Preferred examples of the halogen atom as the substituent (i) include fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms.

0036Examples of the R⁶¹ in the group represented by the formula -COOR⁶¹ as the substituent (v) include a hydrogen atom; cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, cyclohexylammonium, benzylammonium and phenetyl ammonium, a morpholinium cation, a piperidinium cation and one equivalent of cations such as Na⁺, K⁺, 1/2Ca⁺, 1/2Mg⁺ and 1/3Al³⁺; residues of saccharides, for example, monosaccharides such as altrose, glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, arabinose, xylose and fructose, or deoxy saccharides thereof; and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl groups, alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl groups and alkynyl group such as 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and 3-hexynyl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxy group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, a butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy or butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as a cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl group.

0037Examples of the R⁷¹ in the group represented by the formula -OR⁷¹ as the substituent (iv) include a hydrogen atom; alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl and t-butyl groups; acyl groups having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl and benzoyl groups; alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl and t-butoxycarbonyl groups; tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and tribenzylsilyl groups; a group capable of forming acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁷¹, such as a methoxymethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl or tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, is attached; aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl groups, alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl and 3-hexenyl groups and alkynyl groups such as 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl and 3-hexynyl groups, or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 4-cyclohexenyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, isovaleryloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy or butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy or t-butoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl group; and aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy group or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl or benzoyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, or an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl group.

0038Examples of the R⁸¹ and R⁸¹⁰ in the group represented by the formula -CONR⁸¹R⁸¹⁰ as the substituent (vii) include a hydrogen atom; aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl groups, alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl and 3-hexenyl groups and alkynyl groups such as 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and 3-hexynyl groups, or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy group or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy group or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl or benzoyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl group; or a group wherein the R⁸¹ and R⁸¹⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring together with a nitrogen atom intervening between the R⁸¹ and the R⁸¹⁰, for example, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-imidazolidinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-morpholinyl and 2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinyl groups, which may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl group.

0039Examples of the R⁹¹ and R⁹¹⁰ in the group represented by the formula -NR⁹¹R⁹¹⁰ as the substituent (viii) include a hydrogen atom; aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl groups, alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl groups and alkynyl groups such as 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and 3-hexynyl groups, or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy or butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy or t-butoxy group, or an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl group; or a group wherein the R⁹¹ and R⁹¹⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring together with a nitrogen atom intervening between the R⁹¹ and the R⁹¹⁰, for example, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-imidazolidinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-morpholinyl and 2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinyl groups, which may be substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy or t-butoxy group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or t-butyl group.

0040Preferred examples of the R¹ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-propenyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-diacetoxypropyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylpropyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-butoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-decyloxycarbonylpentyl, 5-carboxy-4-pentenyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-4-pentenyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoropentyl, 5-(2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(6-D-glucosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(1-D-xylosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(5-D-ribosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 2-(butylamino)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenylamino)ethyl, 2-(2-phenylethylamino)ethyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromo-3-methylphenyl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl, 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl, 4-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl, 4,6-dichloro-2-pyrimidinyl, 4-hydroxy-6-propyl-2-pyrimidinyl, 4,5-diamino-2-pyrimidinyl, 4,6-diamino-2-pyrimidinyl, 4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinyl, 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl, 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl, 1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 5-chloro-2-benzothiazolyl, 6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolyl, 2-quinolinyl, 4-hydroxy-pteridinyl, 6-hydroxy-8-purinyl, 6-purinyl, 4-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, 2-amino-6-purinyl, 6-hydroxy-2-purinyl, 2-hydroxy-6-purinyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, benzyl, (2-chlorophenyl)methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)methyl, 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl, (3-fluorophenyl)methyl, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl, (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)methyl and 3-phenylpropyl, 2-furanylmethyl, 3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl.

0041In the above-described formula (I), the R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. Examples of the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the R include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 4-methylpentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, nonyl and decyl groups; alkenyl groups such as vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-ethylvinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1,5-hexadienyl, 1-heptenyl, 1-octenyl, 6-methyl-1-heptenyl, 1-nonenyl and 1-decenyl groups; and alkynyl groups such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 5-hexen-1-yl, 1-heptynyl, 1-nonynyl and 1-decynyl groups.

0042Examples of the unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the R include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 4-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl. Examples of the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the R include phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups. Examples of the unsubstituted heterocyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the R include monocyclic or bicyclic groups having an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, such as furyl, thienyl, pyrolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, morpholinyl and piperidinyl groups.

0043The R may be a group comprising, attached to each other, any combination of the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms. Among them, preferred examples of the R include a substituted or unsubstituted <ul id="ul0004" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(r-a) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r-b) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r-c) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r-d) heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r-e) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r-f) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and</li><li>(r-g) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with a heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0044Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-a) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 6-methyl-1-heptenyl, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 3-methoxypropyl and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)vinyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-b) include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-butylcyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl and 4-methoxycyclohexyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-c) include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 3-t-butylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, 7-methoxy-2-naphthyl and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-d) include 2-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 2-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzoxazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 6-purinyl, 1-methylimidazol-2-yl, 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl, 5-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl, 4-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl and 6-propyl-2-pyrimidinyl groups.

0045Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-e) include cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylpropyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyl, (4-t-butylcyclohexyl)methyl and (4-methoxycyclohexyl)methyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-f) include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, (1-naphthyl)methyl, (2-naphthyl)methyl, 2-phenylvinyl, 2-phenyl-1-propenyl, (4-methylphenyl)methyl, (3-methylphenyl)methyl, (4-ethylphenyl)methyl, (4-butylphenyl)methyl, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r-g) include furfuryl and 3-(4-morpholinyl)propyl groups.

0046The above-described groups (r-a) to (r-g) may be substituted with a plurality of different groups, and examples of the substituent include (i) a halogen atom; (ii) an oxo group; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a nitro group; (v) -COOR⁶ (wherein R⁶ stands for a hydrogen atom; one equivalent of cation; a residue of a saccharide; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms); (vi) -OR⁷ (wherein R⁷ stands for a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group; a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁷; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms); (vii) -CONR⁸R⁸⁰ (wherein R⁸ and R⁸⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein the R⁸ and R⁸⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring); (viii) -NR⁹R⁹⁰ (wherein R⁹ and R⁹⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein the R⁹ and R⁹⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring); and (ix) -SR⁷⁶ (wherein R⁷⁶ stands for an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, a nitro group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

0047Examples of the substituents (i) to (viii) of the groups (r-a) to (r-g) include the same substituents as those of the groups (r¹-a) to (r¹-g) described above in connection with the R¹. Examples of the -SR⁷⁶ in the substituent (ix) of the groups (r-a) to (r-g) include aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, i.e., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, t-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and decyl groups, alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl groups and alkynyl groups such as 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl and 3-hexynyl groups, or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy, t-butyldimethylsilyloxy or t-butyldiphenylsilyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy group or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, or t-butoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyl, 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl group; and aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups, which may be substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group such as a trimethylsilyloxy, triethylsilyloxy or t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, a nitro group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, isobutyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy, heptanoyloxy or benzoyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy, isopropoxycarbonyloxy, butoxycarbonyloxy or t-butoxycarbonyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, s-butoxy or t-butoxy group, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as an acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl or benzoyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as a carboxyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, or an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl or t-butyl group.

0048Preferred examples of the R include methyl, ethyl, propyl, nonyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 3-(2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinylcarbonyl)propyl, 3-(6-D-glucosylcarbonyl)propyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-ethoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-butoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-decyloxycarbonylpentyl, 5-(2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(6-D-glucosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(1-D-xylosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-(5-D-ribosylcarbonyl)pentyl, 5-cyanopentyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoropentyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-4-pentenyl, 3,6-dihydroxyhexyl, 3,6-dihydroxy-l-hexenyl, 3,6-diacetoxy-1-hexenyl, 3,6-bis-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-hexenyl, 3,6-bismethoxycarbonyloxy-1-hexenyl, 3,5-diacetoxy-4-(1-methoxy-1-methylethoxy-1-pentenyl, 3,5-diacetoxy-4-hydroxy-1-hexenyl, 7-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-l-heptenyl, 3,4,5-triacetoxy-1-pentenyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-1-pentynyl, 3-methoxycarbonylpropylthiomethyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-(3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpropyl)phenyl, 4-pyridinyl, 5-methyl-2-furanyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 4-oxo-4-phenylbutyl, 2-phenylvinyl, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl, 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl and 2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl.

0049In the above-described formula (I), the R⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the R⁵ include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, nonyl and decyl groups; alkenyl groups such as 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl and 3-hexenyl groups; and alkynyl groups such as 2-propynyl and 2-butynyl groups.

0050Examples of the unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the R⁵ include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl.

0051The R⁵ may be a group comprising, attached to each other, any combination of the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms. Among them, preferred examples of the R⁵ include a substituted or unsubstituted <ul id="ul0005" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(r⁵-a) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of phenyl groups;</li><li>(r⁵-b) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl groups; and</li><li>(r⁵-c) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl groups.</li></ul>

0052Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r⁵-a) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl and 5-phenylpentyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r⁵-b) include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-butylcyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl, 4-methoxycyclohexyl and 4-phenylcyclohexyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r⁵-c) include 3-cyclopentylpropyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 4-cyclopentylbutyl and 4-cyclohexylbutyl groups.

0053The above-described groups (r⁵-a) to (r⁵-c) may be substituted with a plurality of different groups, and examples of the substituent include (i) a halogen atom; (ii) an oxo group; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a nitro group; (v)-COOR⁶⁵ (wherein R⁶⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom; one equivalent of cation; a residue of a saccharide; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms); (vi) -OR⁷⁵ (wherein R⁷⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group; a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁷⁵; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms); (vii) -CONR⁸⁵R⁸⁵⁰ (wherein R⁸⁵ and R⁸⁵⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acryloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein the R⁸⁵ and R⁸⁵⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring); (viii) -NR⁹⁵R⁹⁵⁰ (wherein R⁹⁵ and R⁹⁵⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein the R⁹⁵ and R⁹⁵⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring).

0054Examples of the substituents (i) to (viii) of the groups (r⁵-a) to (r⁵-c) include the same substituents as those of the groups (r¹-a) to (r¹-g) described above in connection with the R¹.

0055Preferred examples of the r⁵ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, hexyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl, benzyl, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl, 5-phenylpentyl, cyclohexyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 4-cyclohexylbutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyhexyl, 6-acetoxyhexyl, 6-(1-ethoxyethoxy)hexyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-(6-D-glucosylcarbonyl)pentyl and 4-phenoxybutyl.

0056In the above-described formula (I), the R³ stands for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. When the R³ is attached to the carbon atom of the cyclopentene skeleton through a single-bond, X stands for a hydrogen atom, -OR⁴ (wherein R⁴ stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group or a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁴) or is absent when the R³ is attached to the carbon atom through a double bond. Specifically, when the R³ is attached to the cyclopentene skeleton through a single bond, the above-described formula (I) represents 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenones represented by the following formula (I'): <chemistry id="chem0017" num="0017"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0017.tif" /></chemistry> wherein A, B, R¹ R R⁵ and n are as defined above;    R³⁰ stands for a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and    X¹ stands for a hydrogen atom or OR⁴ (wherein R⁴ is as defined above). When the R³ is attached to the carbon atom of the cyclopentene skeleton through a double bond and X is absent, the above-described formula (I) represents 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenones represented by the following formula (I''): <chemistry id="chem0018" num="0018"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0018.tif" /></chemistry> wherein A, B, R¹, R, R⁵ , n and are as defined above;    R³¹ and R³ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group wherein the R³¹ and R³ are combined with each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.

0057The R³⁰ in the above-described formula (I') stands for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the R³⁰ include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, nonyl and decyl groups; alkenyl groups such as vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1,5-hexadienyl, 1-heptenyl, 1-octenyl, 3-methyl-1-octenyl, 4,4-dimethyl-1-octenyl, 1,7-octadienyl, 1-nonenyl, 5-methyl-1-nonenyl and 1-decenyl groups; and alkynyl groups such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 5-hexen-1-yl, 1-heptynyl, 1-nonynyl and 1-decynyl groups.

0058Examples of the unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the R³⁰ include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 4-cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-yl groups.

0059Examples of the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon groups in the R³⁰ include phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl groups.

0060The R³⁰ may be a group comprising, attached to each other, any combination of the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Among them, preferred examples of the R³⁰ include a substituted or unsubstituted <ul id="ul0006" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(r³⁰-a) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³⁰-b) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³⁰-c) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³⁰-d) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and</li><li>(r³⁰-e) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0061Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³⁰-a) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-octenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-octenyl, 4,4-dimethyl-1-octenyl, nona-7-yne-1-enyl, 5-methyl-1-nonenyl, 1-propynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexynyl and 2-hexenyl. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³⁰-b) include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-butylcyclohexyl, 3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl and 4-methoxycyclohexyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³⁰-c) include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 4-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-butylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl and 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³⁰-d) include 3-cyclopentyl-1-propenyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 3-cyclopentyl-3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 4-cyclohexyl-1-propenyl and 3-(3-methylcyclopentyl)-1-propenyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³⁰-e) include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, 4-butylbenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl and 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-butenyl groups.

0062The X¹ in the above-described formula (I') stands for a hydrogen atom or -OR⁴ wherein R⁴ stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a tri (C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group or a group combining with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁴ to form an acetal bond. Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the R⁴ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and t-butyl groups. Examples of the acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, hexanoyl and benzoyl groups. Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl and t-butoxycarbonyl groups. Examples of the tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and tribenzylsilyl groups. Examples of the group combining with an oxygen atom attached to the R⁴ to form an acetal bond include methoxymethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, tetrahydropyran-2-yl, 6,6-dimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxo-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4-yl groups.

0063Examples of the X¹ include a hydrogen atom and hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trimethylsilyloxy, acetoxy, methoxycarbonyloxy and isopropoxycarbonyloxy groups.

0064The R³¹ and R³ in the above-described formula (II') each stand for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a group wherein the R³¹ and R³ are combined with each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a four to ten-membered ring. Examples of the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the R³¹ and R³ include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and 2,6-dimethylheptyl groups; alkenyl groups such as vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-pentenyl and 1-hexenyl groups; and alkynyl groups such as 1-propynyl and 1-pentynyl groups.

0065Examples of the unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the R³¹ and R³ include those described above in connection with the R³⁰. Examples of the unsubstituted group which is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a four to ten-membered ring formed by combining R³¹ with R³ to each other together with a carbon atom intervening between the R³¹ and the R³ include cyclobutylidene, cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, 2-cyclohexenylidene and bicyclo[4.4.0]decan-2-ylidene groups. The R³¹ and R³ may also be one comprising, attached to each other, any combination of the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a group wherein the R³¹ and R³ are combined with each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a four to ten-membered ring to which the above-described aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is attached. Among them, preferred examples of the R³¹ and R³ include a substituted or unsubstituted <ul id="ul0007" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>(r³¹-a) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³¹-b) alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³¹-c) aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³¹-d) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;</li><li>(r³¹-e) aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and</li><li>(r³¹-f) group wherein R³¹ and R³ are combined with each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon having a four to ten-membered ring, which may be substituted with one or a plurality of alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0066Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³¹-a) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, 2,6-dimethylheptyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl and 1-pentenyl groups. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted groups (r³¹-b) and (r³¹-c) include respectively those of the (r³⁰-b) and (r³⁰-c) described above in connection with the R³⁰. Preferred examples of the unsubstituted group (r³¹-f) include cyclopentylidene and cyclohexylidene.

0067The above-described groups (r³⁰-a) to (r³⁰-e) or (r³¹-a) to (r³¹-f) may be substituted with a plurality of different groups, and examples of the substituent include (i) a halogen atom; (ii) an oxo group; (iii) a cyano group; (iv) a nitro group; (v) -COOR⁶³ (wherein R⁶³ stands for a hydrogen atom; one equivalent of cation; a residue of a saccharide; or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms); (vi) -OR⁷³ (wherein R⁷³ stands for a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group; a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with the oxygen atom attached to the R⁷³; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms); (vii) -CONR⁸³R⁸³⁰ (wherein R⁸³ and R⁸³⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein R⁸³ and R⁸³⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring); and (viii) -NR⁹³R⁹³⁰ (wherein R⁹³ and R⁹³⁰ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom; an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or a group wherein R⁹³ and R⁹³⁰ are combined with each other to form a five- or six-membered ring).

0068Examples of the substituents (i) to (viii) of the groups (r³⁰-a) to (r³⁰-e) or (r³¹-a) to (r³¹-f) include the same substituents as those of the groups (r¹-a) to (r¹-g) described above in connection with the R1.

0069Preferred examples of the R³⁰ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, butyl, t-butyl, octyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-octenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl, 3-hydroxy-1-octenyl, 3-acetoxy-1-octenyl, 3-methoxycarbonyloxy-1-octenyl, 3-trimethylsilyloxy-3-methyl-1-octenyl, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-octenyl, 3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-methyl-1-nonenyl, 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1-nonenyl, 6-carboxyhexyl, 6-methoxycarbonylhexyl, 6-(2-thioxo-3-thiazolidinyl-carbonyl)hexyl, 6-(6-D-glucosylcarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(1-D-xylosylcarbonyl)hexyl, 6-(5-D-ribosylcarbonyl)hexyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyhexyl, 6-acetoxyhexyl, 6-hydroxy-2-hexenyl, 6-carboxy-2-hexenyl, 6-methoxycarbonyl-2-hexenyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, 3-hydroxy-3-cyclopentyl-1-propenyl, 3-methoxycarbonyloxy-3-cyclopentyl-1-propenyl, 3-isopropoxycarbonyloxy-3-cyclopentyl-1-propenyl, 3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-cyclopentyl-1-propenyl, 3-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyl-1-propenyl, 3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-3-cyclohexyl-1-propenyl, 3-hydroxy-4-cyclohexyl-1-butenyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) propyl, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 5-phenylpentyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl.

0070Preferred examples of the R³¹ and R³¹⁰ include a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-heptenyl, 5-methoxycarbonylpentyl, 5-methoxycarbonyl-1-pentenyl and 3-phenoxypropyl.

0071Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-1-1) can be produced through the following scheme 1 by subjecting a 2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (III-b) to an epoxidation reaction to prepare a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound represented by the formula (IV-b), reacting the 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound with a thiol compound represented by the formula (V) in the presence of a basic compound to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-10) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group.

0072<chemistry id="chem0019" num="0019"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0019.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0020" num="0020"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0020.tif" /></chemistry>

0073The starting compound represented by the formula (III-b) can be prepared, for example, through the following scheme comprising a combination of processes described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Nos. 59-164747 and 62-81344.

0074<chemistry id="chem0021" num="0021"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0021.tif" /></chemistry> wherein A¹ is as defined above.

0075Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-1-2) can be produced through the following scheme 2 by subjecting a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-11) belonging to the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the above-described formula (I-b-10) to an acylation reaction or an alkoxycarbonylation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-12) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group.

0076<chemistry id="chem0022" num="0022"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0022.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0023" num="0023"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0023.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹⁰, R¹¹, R⁰, R¹, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵¹ and n are each as defined above; and    R^a1 stands for an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

0077Specific examples of the R^a1 in the form of -O-R^a1 include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the acyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms and alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the A described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0078Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-1) can be produced through the following scheme 3 by subjecting a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-11) to a sulfonylation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-13), subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to a desulfonation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-10) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0024" num="0024"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0024.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹⁰, R¹¹, R⁰, R¹, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵¹ and n are each as defined above; represents that the substituent attached to the double bond is in an E-configuration or a Z-configuration or a mixture thereof in any proportion; and    R^a2 stands for an alkyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C₁ - C₂) alkyl group.

0079Specific examples of the R^a2 in the form of -O-SO₂R^a2 include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, the substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyloxy group or the substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C₁ - C₂) alkylsulfonyloxy group in the A described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0080Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-1-3) and a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-1) can be produced through the following scheme 4 by reacting a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound represented by the formula (IV-a-1) with a thiol compound represented by the formula (V) in the presence of a basic compound to prepare 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds respectively represented by the formula (I-b-14) and (I-a-10) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0025" num="0025"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0025.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0026" num="0026"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0026.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹⁰, R¹¹, R⁰, R¹, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵¹ and n are each as defined above; and    m is 0, 1 or 2.

0081The starting compound represented by the formula (IV-a-1) can be prepared, for example, through the following scheme in the same manner as that described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) Nos. 61-47437. <chemistry id="chem0027" num="0027"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0027.tif" /></chemistry>

0082Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-c-1) can be produced through the following scheme 5 by subjecting a 2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (III-a) to an epoxidation reaction to prepare a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound represented by the formula (IV-a-2), reacting the 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound with a thiol compound in the presence of a basic compound represented by the formula (V) to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-c-2) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0028" num="0028"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0028.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0029" num="0029"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0029.tif" /></chemistry> wherein R¹⁰, R¹¹, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰¹, R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹ are each as defined above; and    R⁴⁰ stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group or a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with an oxygen atom attached to the R⁴⁰.

0083Specific examples of the R⁴⁰ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R⁴ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0084The starting compound represented by the formula (III-a) can be prepared, for example, by a process represented by the following scheme. <chemistry id="chem0030" num="0030"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0030.tif" /></chemistry>

0085Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-2-1) can be produced through the following scheme 6 by subjecting a 2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-c-21) belonging to the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the above-described formula (I-c-2) to an aldol condensation reaction with an aldehyde compound represented by the formula (II-a) in the presence of a lithium amide compound or (a tertiary amine compound and a dialkylborontrifluoromethanesulfonic acid) to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-21) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0031" num="0031"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0031.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0032" num="0032"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0032.tif" /></chemistry><ul id="ul0008" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>wherein R¹⁰, R¹, R³⁰⁰, R⁴⁰, R⁵⁰ and n are each as defined above;</li><li>R¹ stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;</li><li>R stands for a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or heterocyclic group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;</li><li>R³⁰ stands for a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms;</li><li>R⁴¹ stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, a tri(C₁ - C₇) hydrocarbon silyl group or a group capable of forming an acetal bond together with an oxygen atom attached to the R⁴¹; and</li><li>R⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.</li></ul>

0086Specific examples of the R¹ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R¹ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0087Specific examples of the R include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0088Specific examples of the R³⁰ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R³ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0089Specific examples of the R⁵ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R⁵ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0090Preferred substituents of the R¹, R, R³⁰ and R⁵ are respectively the groups described as the substituents of the R¹, R, R³ and R⁵ exclusive of the groups having a carboxylic acid, a salt of a carboxylic acid and a hydroxyl group.

0091Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-2-2) can be produced through the following scheme 7 by subjecting a 2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-21) to an acylation reaction or an alkoxycarbonylation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-22) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0033" num="0033"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0033.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein R¹⁰, R¹, R⁰, R, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰, R⁴⁰, R⁴¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵, R^a1 and n are each as defined above.

0092Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-2-3) can be produced through the following scheme 8 by subjecting a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-c-21) to an enolation with a lithium amide compound, reacting the enolation product with an organoiodide represented by the formula (II-b) in the presence of an organotin compound to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-23) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0034" num="0034"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0034.tif" /></chemistry><chemistry id="chem0035" num="0035"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0035.tif" /></chemistry>    wherein R¹⁰, R¹, R⁰, R, R³⁰⁰, R³⁰, R⁴⁰, R⁴¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵, and n are each as defined above.

0093Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-2) can be produced through the following scheme 9 by subjecting a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-21) to a sulfonylation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-b-24), subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to a desulfonation reaction to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-20) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group; a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0036" num="0036"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0036.tif" /></chemistry>

0094Among the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I), a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-3) can be produced through the following scheme 10 by subjecting a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-21) belonging to the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds represented by the above-described formula (I-a-2) to an elimination reaction under an acidic condition to prepare a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound represented by the formula (I-a-22) and then subjecting the 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound to the following optional reactions: an oxidation reaction; a deblocking reaction for a protecting group of a hydroxyl group; a protecting reaction for a hydroxyl group, a hydrolysis reaction of an ester; and an esterification reaction, an amidation reaction, a condensation reaction of a sugar residue and/or a salt forming reaction of a carboxyl group. <chemistry id="chem0037" num="0037"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0037.tif" /></chemistry><ul id="ul0009" list-style="none" compact="compact"><li>wherein R¹⁰, R¹¹, R⁰, R¹, R⁵⁰, R⁵¹, and <img file="EP0448726B1_D0038.tif" /> are each as defined above;</li><li>R³¹⁰ and R³⁰, or R³¹¹ and R³¹ which may be the same or different from each other stand for a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a group wherein R³¹⁰ and R³⁰, or R³¹¹ and R³¹ are combined with each other to form an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having a four to ten-membered ring; and</li><li>R⁴ stands for a hydrogen atom or a tri(C₁ -C₇) hydrocarbon silyloxy group.</li></ul>

0095Specific examples of the R³¹⁰ and R³⁰, or R³¹¹ and R³¹ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R³¹ and R³ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0096Specific examples of the R⁴ include the groups referred to in the specific examples of the R⁴ described above in connection with the above-described formula (I).

0097Preferred substituents of the R³¹⁰ and R³⁰ are respectively the same substituents as those of the R³¹ and R³, and preferred substituents of the R³¹¹ and R³¹ are respectively the groups described as the substituents of the R³¹ and R³ exclusive of the salt of a carboxylic acid.

0098The compounds of the present invention are administered to patients by methods such as oral administration, suppository administration, dermal administration, nasal administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intravenous injection and intra-arterial injection.

0099In the case of the oral administration, the compounds of the present invention may be in the form of a solid preparation or a liquid preparation. Examples of the dosage form include tablets, pills, powders, granules, solutions, suspensions and capsules.

0100Pharmaceutical preparations in the form of a tablet are prepared by a conventional procedure through the use of additives, for example, excipients such as lactose, starch, calcium carbonate, crystalline cellulose and silicic acid; binders such as carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, calcium phosphate and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; disintegrators such as sodium alginate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium laurylsulfate and monoglyceride stearate; lubricants such as glycerin; absorbers such as kaolin and colloidal silica; and lubricants such as talc and granular boric acid.

0101Pharmaceutical preparations in the form of a pill, powder or granule also may be prepared by a conventional procedure through the use of the same additives as those described above.

0102Liquid preparations, such as a solution and a suspension, also may be prepared by a conventional procedure. Examples of the carrier used include glycerol esters such as tricaprylin, triacetin and iodided poppy seed oil fatty acid esters; water; alcohols such as ethanol; and oleaginous bases such as liquid paraffin, coconut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil and corn oil.

0103The above-described powders, granules and liquid preparations may be encapsulated in a gelatin or the like.

0104In the present invention, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, besides the above-described carriers, auxiliary substances, perfuming agents, stabilizers and preservatives commonly used in the art, according to need.

0105Examples of the dosage form in the case of the dermal administration include ointments, creams, lotions and solutions.

0106Examples of the base for the ointment include fatty oils such as castor oil, olive oil, sesame oil and safflower oil; lanolin; white, yellow or hydrophilic petrolatum; wax; higher alcohols such as oleyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol and hexyldecanol; and glycols such as glycerin, diglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol and 1,3-butanediol. Ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, polyethylene glycol, etc. may be used as a solubilizing agent for the compound of the present invention. If necessary, it is also possible to use preservatives such as p-oxybenzoates, sodium benzoate, salicylic acid, sorbic acid and boric acid; and antioxidants such as butylhydroxyanisole and dibutylhydroxytoluene.

0107Absorbefacients, such as diisopropyl adipate, diethyl sebacate, ethyl caproate and ethyl laurate, may be added to thereby promote the percutaneous absorption. Further, to enhance the stabilization, the compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of a compound included in an α, β or γ-cyclodextrin.

0108The ointment can be prepared by a conventional procedure. The cream is preferably in an oil-in-water cream form from the viewpoint of stabilizing the compounds of the present invention. The above-described fatty oils, higher alcohols and glycols are used as the base, and use is made of emulsifiers such as diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sorbitan monofatty acid ester, polysorbate 80 and sodium laurylsulfate. Further, if necessary, the above-described preservatives, antioxidants, etc. may be added. As with the ointment, in the case of the cream, the compound of the present invention may be used in the form of a compound included in a cyclodextrin or a methylated cyclodextrin. The cream can be prepared by a conventional procedure.

0109Examples of the lotion include lotions in the form of a suspension, an emulsion and a solution. The lotion in the form of a suspension is prepared through the use of a suspending agent, such as sodium alginate, tragacanth or sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and antioxidants, preservatives, etc. are added thereto according to need.

0110The lotion in the form of an emulsion is prepared through the use of an emulsifier, such as sorbitan monofatty acid ester, polysorbate 80 or sodium laurylsulfate, by a conventional procedure.

0111The lotion in the form of a solution is preferably an alcoholic lotion, and the alcoholic lotion is prepared through the use of an alcohol, such as ethanol, by a conventional procedure. Examples of the preparation in the form of a solution include that prepared by dissolving the compound of the present invention in ethanol, and optionally, adding an antioxidantor or a preservative, etc. to the solution.

0112Examples of other dosage forms include dermatologic pastes, cataplasms and aerosols. These preparations can be prepared by a conventional procedure.

0113The preparation for nasal administration is provided in the form of a liquid or powdery composition. Water, a saline solution, a phosphate buffer and an acetate buffer are used as a base for the liquid formulation, and the liquid formulation may contain surfactants, antioxidants, stabilizers, preservatives and tackifiers. Water absorbing bases are preferred as a base for the powder formulation, and examples thereof include bases easily soluble in water, for example, polyacrylates such as sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate and ammonium polyacrylate, cellulose lower alkyl ethers, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol polyvinyl pyrrolidone, amylose and pullulan, and bases hardly soluble in water, for example, celluloses such as crystalline cellulose, α-cellulose and crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose, starches such as hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch, crosslinked starch, amylose, amylopectin and pectin, proteins such as gelatin, casein, sodium casein, gums such as gum arabic, tragacanth gum and glucomannan, and crosslinked vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, crosslinked polyacrylic acid and its salts, crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, which may be used in the form of a mixture thereof. Further, the powder formulation may contain antioxidants, colorants, preservatives, antiseptics, and corrigents, etc. The above-described liquid and powder formulations may be administered by, for example, a spray.

0114The preparation for injection administration is provided in the form of an aseptic aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion. In the non-aqueous solution or suspension, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate and iodided poppy seed oil fatty acid ester are used as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These preparations may contain auxiliary agents such as antiseptics, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants and stabilizers, and may be in a sustained release form. The above-described solutions, suspensions and emulsions can be made aseptic through a proper filtration whereby they are passed through a bacteria retaining filter, incorporation of a germicide, or treatments such as irradiation. Further, an aseptic solid preparation may be prepared and dissolved in an aseptic water or an aseptic solvent for injection immediately before use.

0115Further, it is also possible to use the compound of the present invention in the form of a compound included in an α, β or γ-cyclodextrin or a methylated cyclodextrin. Further, the compound of the present invention may be used in the form of an injection wherein a fat is bonded to the compound.

0116Although the effective dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending upon the administration method, age, sex and condition of patients, it is generally 1 to 10⁵ µg/kg/day, preferably about 10 to 10⁴ µg/kg/day.

Industrial Applicability

0117The 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound of the present invention exhibits, at a low concentration thereof, a strong effect of inhibiting the growth of L1210 leukemia cells and therefore, can be considered for use as an anticancer agent. Moreover, this compound enhances the alkaline phosphatase activity of human osteoblasts, and further, enhances the content of calcium and phosphorus in the human osteoblasts. Therefore, the compound of the present invention is useful as a bone formation accelerator and is effective for the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis and osteomalalacia. Further, the compound of the present invention can be expected to have an antiviral activity and an antimicrobial activity, which renders the compound of the present invention very useful as a pharmaceutical.

Examples

0118The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of the following Examples, but is not limited to these Examples.

Reference Example 1

0119First, 10 g of a starting 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 1 was dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, 5.71 ml of pyridine was added to the solution and 10.8 g of phenylselenenyl chloride was then added and the mixture stirred for 5 hr. The stirred mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogen sulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate and a saline solution, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated, and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 1. Spectral data (¹H-NMR (δ, CDCl₃)) are also given in Table 1.

Reference Example 2

0120First, 1.56 g of 1-pentynyl copper was weighed and purged with nitrogen, 5.4 ml of hexamethylphosphoric triamide was added thereto, the mixture was stirred for 20 min, 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 40 ml of an ether were added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to -70°C. Then, 7.86 ml of a 1.52 M pentane solution of a starting organolithium reagent as given in the following Table 2 was added thereto, the mixture was stirred for 20 min, a solution of 4.0 g of a starting 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 2 in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was again stirred at -70 to -50°C for 2 hr. The stirred mixture was poured in an acetate buffer having a pH value of 4, and hexane was added thereto for extraction. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, and filtered and concentrated to obtain an oily residue. The oily residue was dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane, 1 ml of pyridine was added to the solution, then 5 ml of a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The stirred mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate and extracted with hexane. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in the following Table 2.

Reference Example 3

0121First, 157 mg of 1-pentynyl copper was weighed and purged with nitrogen, 545 µl of hexamethylphosphoric triamide was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. Then 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to -70°C and added to 1.2 mmol of a starting organolithium compound as given in the following Table 2. The mixture was stirred at -70°C for 20 min, a solution of 318 mg of a starting 2-cyclopentenone compound given in Table 2 in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was again stirred for 2 hr. A solution of 283 mg of phenylselenenyl bromide in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr, and the stirred mixture was poured in an aqueous ammonium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with a saline solution, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated, and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain an intermediate. The intermediate was dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane, 500 µl of pyridine was added thereto, 2 ml of a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr. The stirred mixture was poured in potassium hydrogensulfate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with an aqueous sodium carbonate solution and a saline solution, in that order, and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated, and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 2.

Reference Examples 4 and 5

0122The 2-cyclopentenone compounds (intended products) as given in the following Table 2 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 3.

Reference Example 6

0123First, 61 mg of copper (II) chloride dihydrate and 30 mg of lithium chloride were weighed and heat-dried under a reduced pressure, 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to -70°C. Then a solution of 955 mg of a starting 2-cyclopentenone as given in the following Table 3 in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, 3.6 mmol of a Grignard's reagent as given in Table 3 was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -70 to -30°C for 2.5 hr. Then a solution of 944 mg of phenylselenenyl bromide in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at -30°C for 1 hr, an aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution, the washed organic layer was concentrated, the resultant oil residue containing an intermediate was dissolved in 40 ml of dichloromethane, 1 ml of pyridine was added thereto, and then 4 ml of a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. An aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic layer was washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) given in Table 3.

Reference Examples 7 to 13

0124The 2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 3 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 6.

Reference Example 14

0125First, 1.3 ml of hexamethylphosphorous triamide was added to 313 mg of 1-pentynyl copper, the mixture was stirred for 20 min, 5 ml of an ether was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to -70°C and added to 2.5 mmol of a starting organolithium compound as given in the following Table 4. Then the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 15 min, a solution of 453 mg of a starting 2-cyclopentenone compound given in Table 4 in 10 ml of an ether was added thereto, 300 µl of a boron trifluoride-ether complex was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -70 to -30°C for 1 hr. Then a solution of 375 mg of an aldehyde compound given in Table 1 in 10 ml of an ether was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at -30°C for 1 hr, an aqueous ammonium chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate, the dried organic phase was filtered and concentrated, the resultant oily residue was dissolved in 40 ml of dichloromethane, 400 µl of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0.]-7-undecene was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 hr. Then an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 4.

Reference Examples 15 to 17

0126The 2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 4 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 14.

Reference Example 18

0127First, 3.3 g of a starting 2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 5 was dissolved in 50 ml of methanol, 5.0 ml of a 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, and 500 µl of a 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added thereto. Then the mixture was stirred for 3.5 hr, an aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound as given in Table 5.

Reference Examples 19 to 56

0128The 2,3-cyclopentanone compounds as given in the following Table 5 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 18.

Example 1

0129First, 9.2 mg of sodium thiomethoxide was dissolved in 2 ml of methanol, 11.2 µl of acetic acid was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, 36.4 µl of triethylamine was added thereto, 19 mg of a 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound as given in the following Table 6 was added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 hr. Then an aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 6.

Example 2

0130A 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 6 was prepared in the same manner as that of Example 1.

Reference Examples 61 to 63

0131The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 7 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 1.

Reference Example 57

0132First, 1.5 g of sodium thiomethoxide was dissolved in 80 ml of methanol, 1.8 ml of acetic acid was added thereto with cooling on ice, the mixture was stirred for 5 min, 4.8 ml of triethylamine was added thereto, and a solution of 1.38 g of a starting 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound as given in the following Table 6 in 20 ml of methanol was added thereto. Then the mixture was stirred for 4 hr, water was added thereto, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered and concentrated, the resultant oily residue was dissolved in 15 ml of dimethylformamide, 1.15 g of imidazole and 1.04 ml of chlorotrimethylsilane were added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hr. Water and hexane were added thereto for extraction, and the resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and then subjected to a silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 6.

Reference Examples 58 to 60

0133The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 6 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 57.

Reference Examples 64 to 66

0134The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 7 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 57.

Example 3

0135First, 5 g of a starting 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound as given in the following Table 8 was dissolved in 100 ml of methanol, 10 ml of triethylamine was added thereto, 1.2 g of a thiol compound was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the dried extract was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 8.

Examples 4 to 29

and Reference Example 67.

0136The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 8 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 3.

Reference Examples 68 to 76

0137The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 9 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 3.

Reference Examples 114 to 121

0138The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 11 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 77.

Reference Example 77

0139First, 1.8 g of a starting 2,3-epoxycyclopentanone compound as given in the following Table 10 was dissolved in 15 ml of methanol, 1.0 ml of triethylamine was added thereto, 790 mg of a thiol compound was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hr. The reaction mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered and concentrated, the resultant crude oily residue was dissolved in 20 ml of dimethylformamide, and 1.5 g of imidazole was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice. Then 1.4 g of chlorotrimethylsilane was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 5 hr, and water and hexane were added thereto for extraction. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in Table 10.

Reference Examples 78 to 113

0140The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 10 were prepared in the same manner as that of Reference Example 77.

Example 30

0141First, 216 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 13 was weighed, 2.5 ml of an ether and 2.5 ml of hexane were added thereto, 157 µl of diisopropylethylamine was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to -70°C. Then, 750 µl of a 1 M dichloromethane solution of dibutylboron trifluoromethanesulfonate was added thereto, the mixture was stirred for 1 hr, a solution of 373 mg of a starting aldehyde compound in 10 ml of an ether was cooled to -70°C and added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -70 to -25°C for 4 hr. Then the stirred mixture was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 13.

Examples 31 to 107

0142The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds (intended products) as given in the following Table 13 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 30.

Reference Examples 122 to 127

0143The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds (intended products) as given in the following Table 14 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 30.

Example 203

0144First, 861 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 15 was dissolved in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran, the solution was cooled to -70°C, 1.67 ml of a 1.5 M tetrahydrofuran solution of lithium diisopropylamide was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Then a solution of 526 mg of a starting aldehyde compound in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at -70 to -40°C for 3 hr, the reaction mixture was poured in an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phase was washed with a saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 15.

Examples 204 to 207

0145The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 15 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 203.

Example 208

0146First, 60 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 16 was dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, 200 µl of pyridine was added thereto, 100 µl of acetyl chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Then the mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 16.

Examples 209 to 219

0147The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 16 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 208.

Example 220

0148First, 60 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 16 was dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, 500 µl of pyridine was added thereto, 300 µl of methoxycarbonyl chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Then the mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 16.

Examples 221 to 222

0149The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 16 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 220.

Example 223

0150First, 60 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 16 was dissolved in 3 ml of dichloromethane, 200 µl of pyridine was added thereto, 300 µl of isopropoxycarbonyl chloride was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hr. Then the mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 16.

Examples 224 to 231

0151The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 16 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 223.

Example 232

0152First, 182 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 17 was weighed and purged with nitrogen, 15 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, the mixture was cooled to -70°C, 600 µl of a 1.5 M cyclohexane solution of lithium diisopropylamide was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 40 min. Then 1 ml of N-methyl pyrrolidone was added thereto, a solution of 251 mg of triphenyltin chloride in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 1 hr, a solution of 400 mg of a starting organoiodide in 10 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at -40 to -10°C for 19 hr and poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate, and the dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 17.

Examples 233 to 237

0153The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 17 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 232.

Example 239

0154First, Dimethylaminopyridine (1.5 g) was added to a solution of 3.5 g of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 18 in dichloromethane (30 ml), the mixture was cooled to 0°C, 0.6 ml of methanesulfonyl chloride was dropwise added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 13 hr. Then ethyl acetate and an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate were added to the reaction mixture to extract the product into an organic phase, the extract was washed with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and a saline solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the concentrate was subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 18.

Examples 240, 241, 243-270, 276, 281, 284-317 and 320-348

0155The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 18 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 239.

Example 350

0156First, 300 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 19 was dissolved in 15 ml of acetonitrile, 2 ml of pyridine was added thereto, 1 ml of a hydrogen fluoride-pyridine solution was added thereto with stirring and cooling on ice, and the mixture was stirred at 0°C to room temperature for 16 hr. Then the stirred mixture was poured in an aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate solution, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with a saline solution and then dried over magnesium sulfate. The dried organic phase was filtered, concentrated and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 19.

Examples 351-353, 355-369, 371-374, 376-398, 401-435, 440, 445, 448-476 and 479-511

0157The 2-Substituted-2-cyclopentenone compounds as given in the following Table 19 were prepared in the same manner as that of Example 350.

Example 513

0158The 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 20 was prepared in the same manner as that of Example 350.

Example 514

0159First, 50 mg of a starting 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 20 was dissolved in 5 ml of a mixed solvent comprising acetic acid, tetrahydrofuran and water in a ratio of 2 : 1 : 1, and the mixture was stirred for 5 hr. Then the the solution was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phases were combined with each other, washed with a saline solution, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and then subjected to silica gel chromatography to obtain a 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound (an intended product) as given in Table 20.

Examples 515

0160A 2-substituted-2-cyclopentenone compound as given in the following Table 20 was prepared in the same manner as that of Example 514.

Example 530

Measurement of anticancer activity

0161Tumor cells were grown in an RPMI 1640 medium containing of 10% fetal calf serum.

0162The compound was dissolved in 99.5% ethanol, adjusted before use so that the final concentration of ethanol was 0.1% or less, and added to the medium.

0163The control was 0.1% ethanol, and L1210 tumor cells were inoculated in the medium in a concentration of 2.5 x 10⁴ cells/ml and grown for 2 days. The number of surviving cells were measured by trypan blue staining.

0164The results are given in the following Table 21.

Example 531

Measurement of bone formation activity

0165Human osteoblasts (KK-3, 18PDL) were cultured in an α-MEM containing 10% fetal calf serum. After the growth became stationary, the compound was added in a given concentration in the presence of 2 mM α-glycerophosphate and treated for 14 days. The cell phase was washed with physiological saline, and the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was measured through the absorption of OD₄₁₅. Then, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were extracted with a 2 N hydrochloric acid and quantitatively determined. The results are given in Tables 22 and 24 to 32. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0039.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0040.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0041.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0042.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0043.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0006" num="0006"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0044.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0007" num="0007"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0045.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0008" num="0008"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0046.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0009" num="0009"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0047.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0010" num="0010"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0048.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0011" num="0011"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0049.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0012" num="0012"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0050.tif" /></tables><tables 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/></tables><tables id="tabl0026" num="0026"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0064.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0027" num="0027"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0065.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0028" num="0028"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0066.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0029" num="0029"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0067.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0030" num="0030"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0068.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0031" num="0031"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0069.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0032" num="0032"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0070.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0033" num="0033"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0071.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0034" num="0034"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0072.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0035" num="0035"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0073.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0036" num="0036"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0074.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0037" num="0037"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0075.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0038" num="0038"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0076.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0039" num="0039"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0077.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0040" num="0040"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0078.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0041" num="0041"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0079.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0042" num="0042"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0080.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0043" num="0043"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0081.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0044" num="0044"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0082.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0045" num="0045"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0083.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0046" num="0046"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0084.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0047" num="0047"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0085.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0048" num="0048"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0086.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0049" num="0049"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0087.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0050" num="0050"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0088.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0051" num="0051"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0089.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0052" num="0052"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0090.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0053" num="0053"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0091.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0054" num="0054"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0092.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0055" num="0055"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0093.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0056" num="0056"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0094.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0057" num="0057"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0095.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0058" num="0058"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0096.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0059" num="0059"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0097.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0060" num="0060"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0098.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0061" num="0061"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0099.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0062" num="0062"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0100.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0063" num="0063"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0101.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0064" num="0064"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0102.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0065" num="0065"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0103.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0066" num="0066"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0104.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0067" num="0067"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0105.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0068" num="0068"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0106.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0069" num="0069"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0107.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0070" num="0070"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0108.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0071" num="0071"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0109.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0072" num="0072"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0110.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0073" num="0073"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0111.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0074" num="0074"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0112.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0075" num="0075"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0113.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0076" num="0076"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0114.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0077" num="0077"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0115.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0078" num="0078"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0116.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0079" num="0079"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0117.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0080" num="0080"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0118.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0081" num="0081"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0119.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0082" num="0082"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0120.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0083" num="0083"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0121.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0084" num="0084"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0122.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0085" num="0085"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0123.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0086" num="0086"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0124.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0087" num="0087"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0125.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0088" num="0088"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0126.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0089" num="0089"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0127.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0090" num="0090"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0128.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0091" num="0091"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0129.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0092" num="0092"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0130.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0093" num="0093"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0131.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0094" num="0094"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0132.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0095" num="0095"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0133.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0096" num="0096"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0134.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0097" num="0097"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0135.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0098" num="0098"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0136.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0099" num="0099"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0137.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0100" num="0100"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0138.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0101" num="0101"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0139.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0102" num="0102"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0140.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0103" num="0103"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0141.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0104" num="0104"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0142.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0105" num="0105"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0143.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0106" num="0106"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0144.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0107" num="0107"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0145.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0108" num="0108"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0146.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0109" num="0109"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0147.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0110" num="0110"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0148.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0111" num="0111"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0149.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0112" num="0112"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0150.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0113" num="0113"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0151.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0114" num="0114"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0152.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0115" num="0115"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0153.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0116" num="0116"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0154.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0117" num="0117"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0155.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0118" num="0118"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0156.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0119" num="0119"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0157.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0120" num="0120"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0158.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0121" num="0121"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0159.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0122" num="0122"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0160.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0123" num="0123"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0161.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0124" num="0124"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0162.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0125" num="0125"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0163.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0126" num="0126"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0164.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0127" num="0127"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0165.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0128" num="0128"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0166.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0129" num="0129"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0167.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0130" num="0130"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0168.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0131" num="0131"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0169.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0132" num="0132"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0170.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0133" num="0133"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0171.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0134" num="0134"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0172.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0135" num="0135"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0173.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0136" num="0136"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0174.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0137" num="0137"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0175.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0138" num="0138"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0176.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0139" num="0139"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0177.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0140" num="0140"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0178.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0141" num="0141"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0179.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0142" num="0142"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0180.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0143" num="0143"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0181.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0144" num="0144"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0182.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0145" num="0145"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0183.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0146" num="0146"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0184.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0147" num="0147"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0185.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0148" num="0148"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0186.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0149" num="0149"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0187.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0150" num="0150"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0188.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0151" num="0151"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0189.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0152" num="0152"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0190.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0153" num="0153"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0191.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0154" num="0154"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0192.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0155" num="0155"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0193.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0156" num="0156"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0194.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0157" num="0157"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0195.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0158" num="0158"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0196.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0159" num="0159"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0197.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0160" num="0160"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0198.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0161" num="0161"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0199.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0162" num="0162"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0200.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0163" num="0163"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0201.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0164" num="0164"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0202.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0165" num="0165"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0203.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0166" num="0166"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0204.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0167" num="0167"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0205.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0168" num="0168"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0206.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0169" num="0169"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0207.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0170" num="0170"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0208.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0171" num="0171"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0209.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0172" num="0172"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0210.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0173" num="0173"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0211.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0174" num="0174"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0212.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0175" num="0175"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0213.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0176" num="0176"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0214.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0177" num="0177"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0215.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0178" num="0178"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0216.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0179" num="0179"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0217.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0180" num="0180"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0218.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0181" num="0181"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0219.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0182" num="0182"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0220.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0183" num="0183"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0221.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0184" num="0184"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0222.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0185" num="0185"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0223.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0186" num="0186"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0224.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0187" num="0187"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0225.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0188" num="0188"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0226.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0189" num="0189"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0227.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0190" num="0190"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0228.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0191" num="0191"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0229.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0192" num="0192"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0230.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0193" num="0193"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0231.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0194" num="0194"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0232.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0195" num="0195"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0233.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0196" num="0196"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0234.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0197" num="0197"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0235.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0198" num="0198"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0236.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0199" num="0199"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0237.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0200" num="0200"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0238.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0201" num="0201"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0239.tif" /></tables><tables id="tabl0202" num="0202"><img file="EP0448726B1_D0240.tif" /></tables>