Roofing tile or roofing stone with solar plate.

p0001The invention relates to a roof tile / roof slate from a contiguous slab of clay, ceramic, concrete or plastic as a carrier of a mounted on top of the solar panel with photovoltaic solar cells.

p0002The integration of Photovolatic (PV) in the architecture with commercial modules encounters numerous technical and optical problems, DE 19 00 069, DE-GM 79 20 669, DE 34 19 299, DE-GM 82 12 100, DE 33 37 658th So must be mounted through the roof to the supporting roof structure for mounting conventional PV. modules fasteners that must be individually adapted to the respective roofing system. Standardization is difficult and because of small quantities by hand incalculable. The attachment of the commercial PV. modules requires hurricane-resistant and corrosion-proof structures that need to be fixed so that they will not loosen over time and cause rattling noises.

p0003The piercing a conventional roof caused inevitably sealing and then sealing problems. So the long-term sealing an injured pierced roof skin is not guaranteed by the daily thermal stresses and by the age of the roof movement and can cause great damage. These fastening technology is expensive both in the material components as well as in personnel expenses of specially trained professionals.

p0004For unsatisfactory technology is an optically unacceptable impression of on the traditional roof inharmonious floating Photovoltaic module. A color matching blue or black module with silver or colored frame to the color structure of the roof is not possible and it is badly received. Mass production for the economies of scale of Photovoltaic is not initiated by these conventional PV. technique.

p0005The object of the invention is to provide a tile or Dachstein, which allows a simple design, manufacture and installation cost-technical and optical integration of Photovoltaic in architecture.

p0006This object is achieved in that the solar panel is secured in such a form-fitting at the top of the roof tile / roof slate that protrudes at least on two opposite sides of the material of the roof tile / roof slate in such a manner that it extends over an area in particular edge of the solar disk, so that the solar panel is secured against lifting up.

p0007This attachment modes can be used, which allow the preparation of a tile or roof tile by conventional tile production process and the tiles can also be used without module for covering the roof.

p0008Subsequent mounting of the module can be carried out by any layman.

p0009it when the solar panel to the roof tile / roof slate overlaps so that the roof tile / roof slate is below summarizes is particularly advantageous. Here, project laterally clamps for gripping under the roof tile / roof slate on the solar disk. A very simple construction and handling in secure mounting is achieved when the solar plate reaches its fortified position by displacement in its plane.

p0010It is also proposed for this purpose that he has the usual tile shapes and -falze at the bottom and at the top in the areas that are covered by adjacent tiles / roof tiles.

p0011A particularly simple and secure fastening is achieved when the top side has a concave recess, at the upper edge of the solar panel is mounted. Furthermore, in this way the solar panel is ventilated and cooled. A cable channel is formed. Here, the upper edge of the concave recess should overlap the edge of the solar disk completely or partially. It is also of advantage here if the edge of the solar panel in the groove, groove-shaped or channel-edge rests form-fitting manner.

p0012Particularly advantageous for manufacturing and handling it when the solar panel is flexible and can be pushed into the recess to such an extent that the edge of the solar panel from the or the groove (s), groove (s) or groove (s) emerges and the is protruding upper edge bead of the recess overcomes gasping. For this purpose, the recess forming the section of a cylinder jacket, whose axis is parallel to the line of slope of the roof tile / roof slate.

p0013It is also advantageous if the formed by the recess and covered by the solar panel cavity serves as a cable duct and / or as a ventilation channel. An efficient cooling with the simplest form of the channel is achieved when the formed by the recess and covered by the solar panel Raised in the upper and lower portion of the roof tile / roof slate is open.

p0014Here, to form the upper opening, the solar panel, the recess in the upper portion not covered. It is also advantageous if in the area of ​​the lower opening in the recess wall is a slot or a notch for insertion of an electrical connection cable.

p0015In order to prevent slipping out of the module is proposed that in the edge of the recess is at least one projection which engages in a recess in the edge of the solar panel. It may further be advantageous if the solar panel is bonded in or on the recess.

p0016A particularly advantageous additional or alternative fastening manner when the roof tile / roof slate more protrusions insbesonder pegs einliegen in correspondingly shaped openings of the solar panel. Alternatively, however, the solar panel a plurality of projections, in particular, have cones that einliegen in correspondingly shaped openings of the roof tile / roof slate.

p0017An architectural split in sloping roof lines is achieved when the non-covered by the solar panel and the adjacent roof tile / roof slate sloping longitudinal edge of the roof tile / roof slate is bead-arched upwards. An optical improvement is achieved, when the solar panel having a textured, patterned, and / or soft reflective surface.

p0018For the long-term serviceability of a solar roofing is crucial that the solar cell does not pollute partial and thereby lose power. It is therefore proposed that the solar panel has a non-stick, stain-resistant coating. Good optical quality over a long time is achieved when the solar plate has a herbicidal, fungicidal and / or antimoosansetzende coating. It is also advantageous when the solar panel at the top of the roof tile / roof slate is mounted so from the front edge of the overlying tile away that this leading edge of the overlying tile casts no shadow on the solar cells.

p0019An optimum appearance is achieved when the middle-tiles and the total tile / Dachstein system mainly has the same color as the solar disk. It is particularly advantageous when the roof tile / roof slate system comprises predominantly same reflectance values.

p0020Another advantage is that the solar panel on the rain trailing edge has no bulge, posing, water astonished border.

p0021An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it<dl id="dl0001"><dt>figure 1</dt><dd> a front view of the roof tile / roof slate with top-mounted solar panel,</dd><dt>figure 2</dt><dd> a cross section through the roof tile / roof slate,</dd><dt>figure 3</dt><dd> a detail of Figure 2 in a first embodiment and </dd><dt>figure 4</dt><dd> a detail of Figure 2 in a second embodiment,</dd><dt>figure 5</dt><dd> a section through the roof tile / roof slate in its plane in the area of ​​the lateral edge of the solar panel</dd><dt>figure 6</dt><dd> a plan view and two side views of a roof tile / roof slate, in which the solar panel is secured by clips.</dd><dt>figure 7</dt><dd> a perspective view of a roof tile / roof slate with fed-shaped projections</dd><dt>figure 8</dt><dd> a section through a roof tile with bulbous protrusions einliegen in lateral grooves of the solar panel.</dd></dl>

The Photovoltaic roof tile / roof slate system consists of two components:

p0022The base member is a middle tile or Dachstein 1 in traditional interlocking, verpfalzenden, overlapping structure. The front surface 2 of the roof tile / roof slate has a part-cylindrical trough. 3 The lowered trough 3 or surface forms a groove or channel, opens forwards and climbs in the back of rounded upwards. In the two longitudinal edges undercut grooves 4 with horizontal offsets (fluting) are incorporated for receiving the two side edges of the frameless photovoltaic module. 5

p0023This roof tile / roof slate is conventionally laid by the local roofer to traditional Crafts style and DIN regulations. The entire roof of the house is driving rain-snow storm proof-tight due to the traditional roof tile / roof slate structure. From the total roof tile system (such as the reform tile) with Ortsgang-, First, Ventilator half bricks is only midfielder brick transformed into the surface.

p0024The entire roof tile / roof slate system is solar-blue with the same reflectance values ​​as of Photovoltaic module, so that the uniformity and visual harmony of the roof is ensured.

p0025An architectural split in sloping roof lines is achieved when the non-covered by the solar panel 5 and the adjacent roof tile / Dachstein 1 sloping longitudinal edge is curved 1c of the tile a bulge upwards.

p0026The second element of the roof tile / roof slate system is the Photovoltaic module 5. This PV. module 5 consists of a thin 1.5 - 2.0 mm thick chemically hardened, iron-free, high-light transparent glass panel 6. In this disc 6 are solar cells 7 einlamminiert in shingle technique in special weatherproof plastic films. The embedding plastic is wrapped around the glass. 6 This special Lamminiertechnik guarantees mechanical and chemical protective edges of the glass sheet 6. By profiling of the edge protector is a gale safe adaptation of the module 5 ensures on the tile / Dachstein. 1

p0027The lower back completion of PV. module 5 forms a black film 8 with high temperature Footprint Meter coefficient for fast effective back dissipation of the heat to the solar cells 7.Durch this construction, the daily and annual efficiency of Photovoltaic roof tile / roof slate -systems substantially increased.

Of particular advantage the following characteristics:

p0029The solar panel has on the rain trailing edge no bulge, posing, water astonished border. The roof tile / roof slate and tile / Dachstein system have a same and / or different coloring as the solar disk. The solar panel and the roof tile / roof slate have equal reflectance values. The solar panel is reflection free.

p0030Also, in one embodiment, the solar panel on the rain trailing edge have no bulge, posing, water astonished border. Three rows solar cell 7 in an overlapping shingle technique with six individual cells in the size of 25 x 100 x 0.2 mm are embedded in the module. 5 The overlapping shingle technology of solar cells 7 ensures an optically uniform metallic blue appearance without annoying silbere contact strips. Through the use of 18 high-performance cells 7 optimum power generation without high losses is ensured. The open circuit voltage is approximately 9 V, the working-charge voltage is approximately 6 volts. With an efficiency of 14% of the module (1 generated by full sunshine kw / m² a power output of 6.3 watts. For a m²- roof are 14.5 pans needed this gives m² power of 91.3 watts.

p0031The electrical connections to the solar cells 7 consist of solar cells-colored cables 9 which are drawn out from the laminate weatherproof. The electrical connection of the modules 5 to each other is carried out by crimping with subsequent soldering and sealed encapsulation over high-weatherproof Shrink Tubing. This guarantees an Langzeitverschaltung without corrosion and power losses. In each cable connection of the roof tile / roof slate modules a backflow diode einlamminiert. This reverse current diode guarantees at parziellen shadowing the functionality of the roof tile / roof slate modules.

p0032First, the entire roof is traditionally covered by the local conventional roofing with roof tiles / roofing tiles without modules. Subsequently, the Photovoltaic modules are subsequently from PV. electrician pressed into the midfield brick / rock, fixed and electrically wired to one another. Pressing the brick / stone resting PV. module bulges these so inwardly, so that reduced its width. This he slips over the edges 4a of the longitudinal grooves inside. At Relax the PV. module expands into the longitudinal grooves. He is adamant storm- and long-term fixed in the grooves fixed.

p0033The Photovoltaic module forms the valley of the tile / roof slate the open channel 3. The internal height is about 25 mm, the width of about 160 mm. Forward channel opens vertically. The PV. module is designed so that it is about 20 mm shorter than the valley in the brick / stone. This results in a horizontal channel opening 1b in the rear brick / stone Area. This rear opening 1b is about 25 mm in front of the vertical channel opening 1a of the overlying tile / stone. By this arrangement, the front edge of the overlapping tile / stone is about 25 mm from the underlying PV. tile / stone module removed. This means on pitched roofs that a vertical Sunbeam creates no shadowing of the overlying tile / stone on the underlying PV. module. The annual efficiency is substantially improved.

The channel has two functions:

p0034<ul><li>1. As belüftender cooling duct for the heat dissipation of the solar cells.</li><li>2. as a cable duct for the electrical connection between the modules.</li></ul>

p0035Each brick / stone 1 has its own channel 3. The individual channels 3 of PV. tile / bricks are not interconnected. A small groove 10 at the front edge of the tile / stone used for fixing and unobtrusive laying of electric cable 9, so even during a storm, the cable 9 can not come loose and rattling noises can occur.

p0036The weight of the Photovoltaic-brick / stone of about 3.5 kg and thus guarantees a storm proof pad of bricks / stones on the rafters of the Photovoltaic roof tile / rock system. The Photovoltaic modules are virtually maintenance-free and guarantee a long-term stability. If PV. modules should be broken by mechanical effects, so they can be replaced simply and easily, without the brick / stone bond must be uncovered. Dishing the PV. module upwards it is removed from the brick / stone without difficulty and can be exchanged for a new PV. module.

p0037Another advantage of the Photovoltaic roof tile / rock system is the retrospective suzessiven expansion of the solar generator, without the roof needs to be changed or re-roofed. Depending on the financial situation of the client, it can subsequently expand the photovoltaic power generation on its roof and expand.

p0038The two-component technology of Photovoltaic roof tile / rock system enables a conventional, traditional roof of the house, followed by subsequent and gradual installation of Photovoltaic roof tile / rock modules to build a future-oriented energy supply from the sun.

p0039Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which the two side edges 11 of the solar panel 5 have sawtooth-shaped projections 12, the einliegen in correspondingly shaped recesses 13 of the sawtooth-shaped grooves 4th The solar panel is especially pushed by the lower free edge upwards in the direction of arrow 14 in the grooves 4 of the roof tile / roof slate. Since the sawtooth protrusions and recesses in the direction of arrow 14 and a small counter offer greater resistance, the solar panel can be easily inserted and then held securely. The recesses may also be missing. In this case, the projections 12 dig into the material of the grooves 4 of the roof tile / roof slate.

p0040Figure 6 shows a fastening with lateral, especially metal brackets 15 of the solar panel, which engage over at least two edges of the roof tile / roof slate, especially the top and bottom and thus overlap the underside of the roof tile / roof slate.

p0041In the embodiments according to Figures 7 and 8, the cross-sections of the roof tile / roof slate are not run over its entire length, but only short projections or tabs 16 which hold the solar panel. Here, in the edge of the solar panel according to the projections / tongues 16 may be shaped recesses 17 in order to guide the insertion of the solar panel, the projections / tongues 16 through the recesses 17 and thus the solar panel not to push over their entire length.