Acrylate functional organosiloxane/oxyalkylene copolymers and electrically conductive compositions containing same and a solubilized lithium salt.

0001This invention pertains to organosiloxane/oxy­alkylene copolymers. More particularly, this invention pertains to polyorganosiloxanes containing pendant oxyalkylene units that are terminated with an acrylate group. The copolymers are curable by ultraviolet or electron beam radiation and are particularly useful as electrolytes in conjunction with solubilized, ionizable lithium salts.

0002The present inventors have found that organo­siloxane/oxyethylene copolymers of the prior art containing solubilized lithium salts are often difficult to cure using organic peroxides or a hydrosilation reaction between silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and lower alkenyl radicals such as vinyl. One aspect of the present invention resides in a class of organosiloxane/oxyethylene copolymers that do not have this disadvantage.

0003An objective of this invention is to provide liquid organosiloxane/oxyalkylene copolymers that cure in the presence of solubilized lithium salts to yield solid materials. These copolymers are particularly useful as electrolytes in solid state batteries. The copolymers can be cured by heating in the presence of organic peroxides or by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation.

0004One aspect of the present invention relates to liquid, curable compositions comprising a copolymer having the general formula (I)      R¹₃SiO(R²₂SiO)_x (R³R⁴SiO)_y (R³R⁵SiO)_z SiR¹₃ , 3 where R¹, R² and R³ represent monovalent hydrocarbon or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, R⁴ represents -R⁶O(CH₂CH₂O)_mA, R⁵ represents -R⁷O(CH₂CH₂O)_nC(O)CR⁸=CH₂, R⁶ and R⁷ represent identical or different alkylene radicals containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, R⁸ represents methyl or hydrogen, A represents an alkyl, aryl or acyl radical, the values represented by <u style="single">m</u> and <u style="single">n</u> are from 4 to 30, the value represented by <u style="single">x</u> is from 0 to 100, the value represented by <u style="single">y</u> is from 0 to 100, the value represented by <u style="single">z</u> is at least 2 and the value of <u style="single">x</u> + <u style="single">y</u> + <u style="single">z</u> is equivalent to a viscosity of up to 1 Pa·s at 25°C.

0005A second aspect of this invention provides improved electrolyte materials for solid state batteries, where said electrolyte comprises a cured organosiloxane/ethylene oxide copolymer and a solubilized, ionizable lithium salt. The improvement comprises 1) the presence as said copolymer of a liquid copolymer exhibiting the general formula (I)      R¹₃SiO(R²₂SiO)_x (R³R⁴SiO)_y (R³R⁵SiO)_z SiR¹₃ , where R¹ - R⁵, <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> are as defined in the preceding specification and 2) a molar ratio of CH₂CH₂O units to lithium salt of from 7 to 30.

0006The copolymers of this invention can be prepared using prior art methods for preparing diorganosiloxane/graft-­ethylene oxide copolymers. Typically a diorganosiloxane/-­organohydrogensiloxane copolymer corresponding to the formula (II)      R¹₃SiO(R²₂SiO)_x (R³HSiO)_y+z SiR¹₃ is reacted with at least one of two classes of liquid polyethylene oxides (also referred to herein as polyethylene glycols) containing one ethylenically unsaturated terminal group. The first class is terminated on one end with a triorganosiloxy group and corresponds to the formula (III)      R^7*O(CH₂CH₂O)_nSiR⁹₃ The second class of polyethylene oxides is optional and corresponds to the formula (IV)      R^6*O(CH₂CH₂O)_mA. R^6* and R^7* represent terminally unsaturated alkenyl radicals containing the same number and configuration of carbon atoms as the R⁶ and R⁷ groups, respectively and R⁹ represents a monovalent hydrocarbon or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radical selected from the same group as R¹ . R⁹ is most preferably methyl.

0007Following reaction with the copolymer of formula II the triorganosiloxy terminal groups of the polyethylene oxide units represented by formula III are converted to hydroxyl groups by reacting the copolymer with an excess of an alcohol such as methanol. These hydroxyl groups are then reacted with an organometallic compound such as an organolithium compound followed by reaction with acryloyl chloride or methacryloyl chloride to form the corresponding acrylic or methacrylic acid ester.

0008As a rule,the total number of moles of polyethylene oxides corresponding to formulae III and IV is approximately equal to the number of moles of silicon bonded hydrogen atoms present in the reaction mixture.

0009The reaction between the aforementioned organo­hydrogen siloxane homopolymer or copolymer and the poly­ethylene oxide(s) is conducted in the presence of a platinum-containing catalyst of the type typically used for hydrosilation reactions. Halogen-containing platinum compounds such as hexachloroplatinic acid and complexes of these compounds with ethylenically unsaturated organosilicon compounds are preferred catalysts.

0010Because the polyorganosiloxane and the polyethylene oxides represented by formulae III and IV are incompatible it is usually desirable to include in the reaction mixture an organic liquid that is a solvent for all reactants and the final copolymer. Preferred solvents include but are not limited to liquid hydrocarbons such toluene and cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran. To facilitate isolation of the final copolymer, the solvent should be capable of being evaporated from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure at temperatures from about 20 to 30°C.

0011It is desirable to add small amounts of an anti-oxidant such as hydroquinone to the resultant reaction mixture to prevent premature curing of the copolymer by polymerization of the acrylate or methacrylate groups.

0012Specific reaction conditions for the preparation of preferred copolymers of this invention are described in the accompanying examples.

0013The radicals and numerical values represented by R¹, R², R³, R^6*, R^7*, R⁸, R⁹, A, <u style="single">m</u>, <u style="single">n</u>, <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> in formulae II, III and IV are defined in the preceding specification. The terminal group of the optional polyethylene oxide corresponding to the foregoing formula IV is represented by A, where A is defined as an alkyl or aryl radical or an acyl group represented by R¹⁰C(O)-, where R¹⁰ is an alkyl radical that preferably contains no more than 4 carbon atoms. Most preferably, R¹⁰ represents a methyl or ethyl radical.

0014In preferred embodiments of the present copolymers, R^6* and R^7* are ethylene or propylene and A is preferably an alkyl radical or an acyl group and contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

0015The silicon-bonded hydrocarbon and substituted hydrocarbon radicals represented by R¹, R² and R³ preferably contain from one up to about 10 carbon atoms that can be arranged in linear or branched configurations. The radicals preferably are lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl or phenyl, this preference being based on the availability of the starting materials used to prepare the aforementioned diorgano­siloxane/ organohydrogen siloxane copolymer. Preferred radicals include but are not limited to alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl and propyl, haloalkyl radicals such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclohexyl, aryl radicals such as phenyl and alkaryl radicals such as tolyl.

0016When the copolymers of this invention are used as electrolytes for solid state batteries in combination with a solubilized lithium salt the radicals represented by R¹, R² and R³ are preferably methyl.

0017The values of <u style="single">m</u>, <u style="single">n</u>, <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> in the formula for the present copolymers determine the viscosity of the copolymer and the crosslink density of the cured material. The value of <u style="single">x</u>, representing the number of diorganosiloxane units present in the copolymer, can be from 0 up to 100, the value of <u style="single">y</u> can be from 0 to 100, the value for <u style="single">z</u> is at least 2 and the sum of <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> is at least 10. When this sum is less than 10 and the value of <u style="single">z</u> is less than 2 the copolymer cannot be cured to form a solid material.

0018Preferably, the values represented by <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> are from 0 to 35 for <u style="single">x</u>, from 0 to 20 for <u style="single">y</u>, from 4 to 12 for <u style="single">z</u> and the sum of x, y and z is from 10 to 50. Copolymers of this type exhibit a viscosity of less than 1 Pa·s at 25°C.

0019The polyethylene oxides represented by formulae III and IV each contain an average of from about 4 to about 20 repeating units per molecule, which represents the values assigned to <u style="single">m</u> and <u style="single">n</u> in the preceding formulae. This value is preferably between 4 and 12.

0020The electrical conductivity of the present copolymers is determined, at least in part, by the crosslink density of the copolymer. Cross link density can be expressed in terms of the molecular weight of that portion of the copolymer molecule separating the ethylenically unsaturated terminal groups of adjacent polyethylene oxide chains represented by R⁵ in the foregoing formula.

0021For the present copolymers the theoretical value for the molecular weight between crosslinks, referred to hereinafter as MW_c, is calculated by dividing the molecular weight of the copolymer by the average number of moles of R⁵ units per molecule.

0022MW_c values can be determined experimentally by measuring the carbinol group content of a copolymer wherein the C(O)CR⁸=CH₂ group of the terminal group represented by R⁵ is replaced by the hydroxyl group of the intermediate that is reacted with acryloyl- or methacryloyl chloride to obtain the R⁵ group.

0023Experimental data demonstrates that for preferred copolymers useful conductivity values, typically greater than about 10⁻⁵ (ohm cm.) ⁻¹, cannot be achieved at MW_c values below about 1000. The conductivity reaches a maximum at an MW_c value of about 1500 and remains at this maximum up to at least an MW_c value of 10,000.

0024Copolymers with an MW_c value of above about 3000 may not contain sufficient acrylate or methacrylate terminated polyethylene oxide units to provide the crosslink density needed to form a solid cured material. In these instances, an external crosslinking or curing agent such as a difunctional or trifunctional ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid must be used.

0025Examples of suitable external curing agents include but are not limited to ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

0026The amount of lithium salt that can be dissolved in the copolymer is directly related to the total number of ethylene oxide units present in a given weight of copolymer, i.e. the values of <u style="single">m</u>, <u style="single">n</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u>. Solubilization of one mole of the lithium salt requires from 7 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide (-CH₂CH₂O-) units in the copolymer. Above a ratio of 30 moles of ethylene oxide units per mole of salt the conductivity of the copolymer decreases below a useful value.

0027The presence of the acryloxy or methacryloxy group allows curing of the copolymer to be initiated either by free radicals generated by the decomposition of organic peroxides or by irradiation with ultraviolet light or an electron beam. The use of curing reactions involving active hydrogen atoms can interfere with electrochemical reactions.

0028A preferred method for curing mixtures of the diorganosiloxane/graft-polyethylene oxide copolymers of this invention and a solubilized lithium salt is by exposing films or coatings formed from these mixtures to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a photoinitiator. Suitable photoinitiators include but are not limited to aromatic ketones such as benzophenone, alkoxy substituted acetophenones such as diethoxyacetophenone and dimethoxy­phenylacetophenone, benzil and cationic initiators such as triaryl sulfonium, diazonium and phosphonium salts.

0029The exposure time and wavelength of the radiation required to cure the copolymer is dependent upon the type and concentration of photoinitiator, the thickness of the layer to be cured and the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation at the surface of the copolymer. Coatings and self-supporting films measuring up to about 2 mm. in thickness and formed from preferred lithium-containing copolymers of this invention are completely cured following exposures of one second or less to ultraviolet radiation. The films and coatings are cured by passing them under an ultraviolet lamp at speeds of from about 50 to about 100 feet per minute. The radiation dosage at the surface of the film or coating is preferably equivalent to from 50 to 200 millijoules per square cm.

0030The present copolymers containing solubilized lithium salts can also be cured by irradiating them with an electron beam or by heating in the presence of an organic peroxide or an azo compound. Suitable peroxides include benzoyl peroxide, bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide and dicumyl peroxide. Suitable azo compounds include azo bis-isobutyronitrile. It will be understood that the temperature used to cure the copolymer must be above the decomposition temperature of the organic peroxide or azo compound. The peroxides are typically used at a concentration of from 0.2 to about 2 weight percent, based on the weight of the copolymer.

0031As disclosed hereinabove the present copolymers are particularly useful as electrolytes for solid state batteries. In this application, from about 0.033 to about 0.14 mole of an ionizable lithium salt per mole of ethylene oxide (-CH₂CH₂O-) units in the copolymer is dissolved in the copolymer prior to curing. This concentration of salt is typically sufficient to achieve conductivity values of from 1x10⁻⁶ to about 3x10⁻⁵ for the cured copolymer/salt composite.

0032Data in the accompanying examples demonstrate that a major factor affecting conductivity is the composition of the copolymer, particularly the cross link density of the copolymer and the total concentration of ethylene oxide units. The composition of the copolymer will determine the molecular weight between crosslinks, referred to hereinbefore as MW_c.

0033It has been found that the concentration of lithium salt has some effect on the conductivity of a particular copolymer. Data in the accompanying examples demonstrate that for a particular copolymer the conductivity increases by a factor of about 2 in conductivity as the ratio of the number of moles of lithium salt to ethylene oxide units is increased from 0.05 to 0.08.

0034To facilitate solubilization of the salt it is preferably added to the copolymer as a solution in a non-aqueous liquid medium such as tetrahydrofuran.

0035Suitable lithium compounds include salts of acids having pK_a values lower than about 3 and which are soluble in the present organosiloxane/ethylene oxide copolymers, Examples of suitable salts include but are not limited to organosulfonic acids, phosphoric acid and perchloric acid.

0036An advantage of the present copolymers is that curing of the copolymer is not inhibited to any significant extent by the presence of the ionizable lithium salt.

0037The following examples describe the preparation of preferred copolymers of this invention and their use in combination with solubilized, ionizable lithium salts as electrolytes in solid state batteries. Unless otherwise indicated all parts and percentages are by weight and viscosities were measured at 25°C. The term polyethylene glycol used in the examples is synonymous with the term "polyethylene oxide" described in the preceding specification.

Example 1

0038Preparation of Me₃SiO(MeXSiO)₃₈(MeYSiO)₁₂SiMe₃; Me is methyl, X is CH₂CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)₁₂O(O)CCH₃ and Y is CH₂CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)₁₂O(O)CCH=CH₂.

0039This example describes the preparation of a preferred copolymer of this invention. The terms "polyethylene glycol" and "polyethylene oxide" are used interchangeably.

0040A glass reactor equipped with a stirrer, water-­cooled condenser and a nitrogen inlet was charged with 56.1 parts of a trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogen­siloxane containing about 1.6 weight percent of silicon-­bonded hydrogen, 580 parts of the allyl ether of a poly­ethylene glycol monoacetate exhibiting a degree of polymerization of 12, 42 parts of the trimethylsiloxy-­terminated monoallyl ether of a polyethylene glycol exhibiting a degree of polymerization of 12 and 261 parts of dry toluene. The trimethylsiloxy-terminated polyethylene glycol was prepared by reacting the corresponding monoallyl ether with 1.5 moles of hexamethyldisilazane per mole of carbinol groups. The mixture was heated to a temperature just below the boiling point of the solvent.

0041The addition of 0.5 part of a 10 weight percent hexachloroplatinic acid solution in isopropanol to the solubilized mixture of the two polyethylene glycols and the organohydrogensiloxane resulted in an exothermic reaction that generated sufficient heat to raise the temperature of reaction mixture to the boiling point for several minutes. Following this period the reaction mixture was then heated to maintain it at the boiling point for two hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled to about 60°C., at which time 80 parts of methanol were added and heating was continued for an additional two hours. A portion of contents of the reactor were then distilled under ambient pressure until the temperature of the liquid in the reactor reached 140°C. The distillate was discarded. Any residual solvent or methanol was removed by heating the reaction mixture under a pressure of 5 torr until the temperature of the liquid reached 150°C.

0042A turbid liquid exhibiting a hydroxyl number of 7221.1 was obtained in 93 percent yield. 100 grams of this liquid and 25 cc tetrahydrofuran were charged into a glass reactor equipped with a stirrer, water cooled condenser and a nitrogen inlet. 14.4 cc of a 1.6 M solution of n-butyl lithium in hexane was then added to the reaction mixture through a syringe. A small amount of solid formed and the viscosity of the reaction mixture increased following the addition. 75 cc of tetrahydrofuran were then added, followed by 2.93 cc of acryloyl chloride by means of a syringe. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes 0.05 g of hydroquinone was added to stabilize the reaction product, following which the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure using a water bath at a temperature of 40-50°C. to prevent freezing of the resultant copolymer of this invention.

0043A ten gram sample of the copolymer was blended with 5.42 g. of a 33.2 weight percent solution of lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate in tetrahydrofuran, equivalent to a polyethylene glycol/lithium molar ratio of 18. This mixture was then blended with 0.1 g of azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator and molded for 30 minutes at a temperature of 85-90°C. to yield a 1 mm-thick film of cured, bubble-free conductive elastomer.

0044The electrical conductance of the molded film was measured in an enclosed shielded chamber under a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient temperature. The measuring apparatus consisted of a lower square stainless steel electrode having an edge dimension of 2.5 cm and an upper electrode in the form of a vertically oriented stainless steel rod having a circular cross-section measuring 0.315 cm² in area. The sample was placed between the two electrodes and in contact with the surface of each electrode.

0045The equipment used to measure the conductivity of the sample consisted of a Wavetek model 186 frequency generator set to provide an output of 1 volt_eff at frequencies of from 1 Hz to 100 kHz., a data acquisition and control box (model 3497A manufactured by Hewlett Packard Corporation), an IIEE 488 bus that connected the data acquisition/control box to a Hewlett Packard model 9920 series 200 computer and a model SR510 lock-in amplifier manufactured by Sanford Research Systems. The output of the frequency generator was connected to the lower electrode. The upper electrode was connected to the lock-in amplifier through a 1 ohm resistor. The lock-in amplifier also sampled the output of the frequency generator.

0046Considering the two electrodes as plates of a capacitor and the test sample as the dielectric, the conductivity of the sample was determined by applying the output of the frequency generator to the lower electrode. The current through the 1 ohm resistor and the phase angle between the voltage and the current were determined using the lock-in amplifier. This procedure was repeated at a number of different frequencies between 1 Hz and 100 kHz to provide a plot of the real component of the total impedance as the abscissa and the imaginary component as the ordinate as a function of frequency. Extending the plot to the point at which it intersected the abscissa at the point furthest from the ordinate yielded the purely resistive component (R) of the impedance. The resistivity (p) was then calculated from the geometry of the upper electrode using the formula p = RA/d, where A is the area of the upper electrode (0.315 cm²) and d is the thickness of the sample, 0.1 cm. The conductivity of a sample is the reciprocal of its resistivity.

0047The conductivity value for sample 2 was 1.6x10⁻⁵ (ohm-cm.)⁻¹

Example 2

0048This example demonstrates the effect of the molecular weight between crosslinks, referred to hereinbefore as MW_c, on the conductivity of various dimethylsiloxane/­ethylene oxide copolymers. Ten copolymers of this invention were prepared and cured using the procedure described in Example 1. An additional two copolymers having MW_c values below the scope of the present invention were prepared for purposes of comparison.

0049The trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrogen­siloxane homopolymer and dimethylsiloxane/methylhydrogen­siloxane copolymers used as intermediates were prepared using known methods and are represented by the average formula Me₃SiO(Me₂SiO)_x(MeHSiO)_y+z SiMe₃.

0050The two types of allyl ether-terminated polyethylene oxides are represented by the general formulae CH₂=CHCH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)_mSiMe₃ and CH₂=CHCH₂O(CH₂CH₂O)_mC(O)CH₃. The trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymer was used alone or in combination with a polyethylene oxide containing the same number of repeating units and an acetoxy terminal group. The molar ratio of the acetoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide to the trimethylsiloxy-terminated polyethylene oxide is represented by y/z in the following listing of reactants. The trimethylsiloxy group was converted to the acryloxy group using the procedure described in Example 1.

0051The siloxane polymers and the allyl ether-­terminated polyethylene oxides used to prepare the samples evaluated in this example are identified as listed in Tables 1 and 2, the terms <u style="single">x</u>, <u style="single">y</u> and <u style="single">z</u> referring to the foregoing formulae.

0052The conductivity values for the ten samples of this invention and 3 controls, together with the molecular weight between crosslink sites (MW_c) are listed in Table 3. <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col3" align="center"><u style="single">ORGANOHYDROGENSILOXANES</u></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center"><u style="single">Reactant Designation</u></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">x</u></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center"><u style="single">y+z</u></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">33.3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">16.7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">50</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">C</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">7.7</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">3.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">5</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">F</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">30</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">G</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">25</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">25</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">H</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">20</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">10</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">I</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">15</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">15</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><title>Table 2</title><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">POLYETHYLENE OXIDES</u></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">Reactant Designation</u></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">m</u></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">L</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">8</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">12</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title>Table 3</title><tgroup cols="7" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="center"><u style="single">Copolymer Composition</u></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center"><u style="single">No.</u></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col3" align="left"><u style="single">Siloxane</u></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col6" align="left"><u style="single">Polyethylene Oxide(s)</u></entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="left"><u style="single">y/z</u></entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">Type</u></entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center"><u style="single">Grams</u></entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center"><u style="single">Type</u></entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center"><u style="single">-OSiMe₃ (g)</u></entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center"><u style="single">-OC(O)CH₃ (g)</u></entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">A</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">L</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">45</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">207</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.44/0.10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">B</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">L</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">56.8</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">449.6</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">1.88/0.12</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">C</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">L</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">198</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">0</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0/0.42</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">D</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">25</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">L</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">61.5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">144</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.30/0.13</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">66.7</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">431.6</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.72/0.10</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">303</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">178.2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.30/0.45</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">H</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">107.5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">221</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.37/0.16</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">F</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">50</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">62.6</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">497</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.83/0.09</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">9</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">I</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">20</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">12.1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">114</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.33/0.03</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">10</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">J</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">M</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">77</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">307.9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.65/0.16</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1C*</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">31.2</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">11.2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">77.8</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.22/0.03</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">2C*</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">E</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">32.9</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">53.7</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">33.8</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.1/0.15</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">3C*</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">H</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">42</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="left">K</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">24.3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">53.7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="right">0.15/0.07</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="7" colsep="0" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="22.50mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="22.50mm" /><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col7" align="justify">* = Control Example</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables><tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title>Table 4</title><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="52.50mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="52.50mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center">No.</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">MW_c</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="center">Conductivity x10⁵ (ohm cm)⁻¹</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">3400</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">4500</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">1090</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.72</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">1040</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.32</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">6020</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">1290</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.42</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">2920</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">3.2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">4760</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">9</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">1230</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">4.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">10</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">1670</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">1C</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">930</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.092</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">2C</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">540</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.0092</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">3C</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">940</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.003</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 3

0053This example demonstrates the ability of the present copolymers to cure by exposure to ultra-violet radiation. A ten gram portion of the copolymer of this invention described in Example 1 was blended with 5.4 g. of a 33.3 weight percent solution of lithium trifluoromethane­sulfonate in tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran was removed under reduced pressure and 0.2 g. of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one was added. The resultant liquid was coated as an approximately 0.1 mm-thick layer on an aluminum panel. The coated panel was then exposed to an amount of radiation from a medium pressure ultraviolet lamp equivalent to 36.5 millijoules/cm². The panel was passed twice under the lamp on a belt traveling at a speed of 55 feet (16.8 meters) per minute. The belt was located 15 cm. below the lamp. The resultant cured coating was non-tacky and elastomeric.

Example 4

0054This example demonstrates the effect of the molar ratio of lithium salt to ethylene oxide units on the conductivity of the cured elastomer. Four samples were prepared using the copolymer described in Example 1 and various amounts of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate as a 33 percent solution in tetrahydrofuran. The amounts of lithium salt added were equivalent to a molar ratio of ethylene oxide (EO) to lithium salt (Li) of 12, 15, 18 and 21. Samples of each of these copolymers were prepared for conductivity measurements as described in the preceding Example 2. Conductivity measurements were conducted on these samples as described in Example 2 with the following results. <tables id="tabl0005" num="0005"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="center"><u style="single">EO/Li</u></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="center"><u style="single">Conductivity [x10⁻⁵(ohm cm)⁻¹]</u></entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">12</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">15</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">1.4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">18</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">1.6</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="right">21</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">1.8</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 5

0055This example demonstrates that compositions of this invention can be cured using an electron beam. A curable, electroconductive composition was prepared using the ingredients specified for Sample 6 in Table 3 of Example 2. Test samples were prepared as described in Example 1, with the exception that the azo-bis-isobutyronitrile was not added and the sample was cured by exposing it to an electron beam produced by a Model EB-150 generator manufactured by Energy Sciences. The total dosage was between 3 and 4 megarads.