Medical moldings and method for their preparation.

The present invention relates to disposable medical instruments comprising γ-ray resistant materials composed of halogen-containing aromatic polycarbonate resins showing less deterioration of color or physical property even if the irradiation of γ-ray is carried out for sterilization, etc., as well as a method of manufacturing sterilized disposable medical instruments.

Aromatic polycarbonate resins are excellent in mechanical and thermal properties, and have been used in various application uses. In addition, since they are excellent in transparency and sanitary property, tough and highly heat-resistant, they have been used for various medical instruments such as container-­like packages for putting into and packaging injectors, surgical tools, intravenous injectors, operation tools, etc., as well as various medical parts for artificial lung, artificial kidney, anesthetic absorption device, intravene connectors and accessories, medical equipments such as a blood centrifugator and like, surgical instruments and operation instruments. Particularly, they have been used for parts of artificial dializers, artificial levers, artificial hearts and lungs, injectors and serum separators, which are disposable.

These medical parts are usually sterilized completely. Specifically, there can be mentioned a contacting-treatment with ethylene oxide, heat-­treatment in an autoclave or irradiation-treatment of ionizing radiation such as γ-rays.

Among them, use of ethylene oxide gas is not preferred in view of toxicity and instability of ethylene oxide, as well as circumferential problems according to disposal-treatment. Use of the autoclave involves problems that the resin may be deteriorated upon high-temperature treatment, the energy cost is expensive and drying before use is necessary since moisture remains in the parts after treatment.

Accordingly, sterilizing-treatment by means of ionizing radiation which can enable low-temperature treatment and which is relatively inexpensive, is used instead of the above-mentioned method.

As ionizing radiation, there can be mentioned, α-rays, heavy electron-rays, proton-rays, β-rays, electron-rays, neutron-rays, γ-rays and X-rays, γ-rays being used preferably for the industrial purpose.

However, in the case of being irradiated with γ-ray, the aromatic polycarbonate resin which is optically transparent by nature, turns yellow. Accordingly, there have been proposed a method of offsetting the yellow color by previously mixing a blue colorant into the resin, a method of blending a boron compound [Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 61-215651 (1986)], a method of blending a polyether or alkyl ether thereof [Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) No. 62-135556 (1987)], etc.

However, aromatic polycarbonate resins obtained by the proposed method involve various problems that the effect of preventing yellowing is not sufficient and that if a yellowing inhibitor is blended in such an amount as sufficient for developing the effect, it remarkably deteriorates the strength of the resin itself, which can no more be used in view of the strength.

Accordingly, it has not yet been obtained aromatic polycarbonate resins showing less yellowing and capable of possessing sufficient strength and toughness after the sterilizing-treatment by γ-ray, as well as medical parts using such resins.

In view of the foregoing problems, as the result of the present inventors' earnest study, it has been found that γ-ray resistant materials composed of halogen-­containing aromatic polycarbonate resins or halogen-­containing aromatic polycarbonate resins further blended with propylene glycol shows less color change and maintains physical property even after the irradiation of ionizing radiation. The present invention has been attained based on the findings.

In a first aspect of the present invention, there are provided disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution, prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials comprising aromatic polycarbonate resins and containing from 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of halogen atoms.

In a second aspect of the present invention, there are provided disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution, prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials composed of aromatic polycarbonate resins comprising an aromatic polycarbonate copolymer and an aromatic halogen compound, the halogen atoms content of the γ-ray resistant materials being 0.1 to 10.0% by weight.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there are provided disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution, prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials composed of aromatic polycarbonate resins comprising a halogenated aromatic polycarbonate copolymer, the halogen atoms content of the γ-ray resistant materials being 0.1 to 10.0% by weight.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there are provided disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution, prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials composed of aromatic polycarbonate resins comprising an aromatic polycarbonate copolymer and a halogenated aromatic polycarbonate copolymer, the halogen atoms content of the γ-ray resistant materials being 0.1 to 10.0% by weight.

In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing sterilized disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution, which comprises irradiating γ-rays to disposable medical instruments prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials comprising aromatic polycarbonate resins and containing from 0.1 to 10% by weight of halogen atoms.

The disposable medical instruments of the present invention are used in contact with blood or physiological solution, and can be used as parts for artificial dialyzers, parts for artificial livers, parts for artificial kidneys, parts for artificial hearts and lungs, parts for injectors and serum separators.

The physiological solution collectively means artificial dialyzing solution, physiological saline water, Ringer's solution, maintaining solution, etc. collectively.

The γ-ray resistant materials composed of aromatic polycarbonate resins in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "the present resins") are as described below. (1) Those obtained by blending a polymer prepared by a phosgene process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound with phosgene, or an ester exchanging process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound with a carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate, with an organic halogen compound so as to exist 0.1 to 10% by weight of halogen atoms in a whole.

As examples of the typical polymer, those using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) as the dihydroxydiaryl compound of the comonomer may be exemplified. (2) Those obtained by a phosgene process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound and a halogenated dihydroxydiaryl compound with phosgene, or an ester exchanging process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound and a halogenated dihydroxydiaryl compound with a carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate so as to exist 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of halogen atoms in a whole.

As the typical example of the copolymer, those using 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A) and halogen derivative thereof (halogenated bisphenol A) as the monomers may be exemplified.

The process for producing copolymer has been known to those skilled in the art and, for example, there can be used a method as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,334,154 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-21691 1985). (3) Those obtained by blending a copolymer prepared by a phosgene process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound and halogenated dihydroxydiaryl compound with phosgene, or an ester exchanging process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound and a halogenated dihydroxydiaryl compound with a carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate (the halogen content is not restricted to less than 10 wt%), with a polymer prepared by a phosgene process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound with phosgene, or an ester exchanging process of reacting a dihydroxydiaryl compound with a carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate, such that the halogen atoms content is from 0.1 to 10 wt% in a whole.

As the dihydroxyaryl compound used in the present invention, there can be mentioned, for example, bis(hydroxyaryl) alkanes such as 2,2-bis(4-­hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), bis(4-­hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,2-bis(4-­hydroxyphenyl) octane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) phenyl methane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methylphenyl) propane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-tertiarybutylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl) propane; bis(hydroxyaryl) cycloalkanes such as 1,1-bis(4-­hydroxyphenyl) cyclopentane and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy­phenyl) cyclohexane; dihydroxydiaryl ethers such as 4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl ether and 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-­diethyldiphenyl ether; dihydroxydiaryl sulfides such as 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide and 4,4′-­dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl sulfide; dihydroxydiaryl sulfoxides such as 4,4′-­dihydroxydiphenyl sulfoxide and 4,4′-dihydroxy-­3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl sulfoxide; and dihydroxydiaryl sulfones such as 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, and 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl sulfone.

These compounds may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more of them. In addition, at least one selected from piperadine, dipiperidyl hydroquinone, resorcine, 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl, etc. may be mixed therewith.

The halogenated dihydroxydiaryl compound used in the present invention is such a compound prepared by partially or entirely substituting a hydrogen atom(s) on the phenyl group in dihydroxy­diaryl compound with halogen and there can be mentioned, for example, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane (tetrabromobisphenol A), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenyl) propane, and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl) propane.

The organic halogen compound used in the present invention contains halogen atoms, preferably, bromine atoms in the molecule. As such a compound, there can be mentioned, for example, halogenated benzenes such as hexabromobenzene and pentabromotol­uene; halogenated diphenyls such as tetrabromodiphenyl, decabromodiphenyl, tetrabromodiphenyl ether, decabromodiphenyl ether and decabromodiphenyl sulfone; halogenated bisphenol A or the derivatives thereof such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane (tetrabromobisphenol A), 2,2-bis(4-­glycidoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane or low polymers thereof (halogenated bisphenol A-type epoxy resin), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyethoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane, 2,2-bis(4-acetoxy-3,5-dibromophenyl) propane and polycarbonate oligomer of tetrabromobisphenol A; tetrabromophthalic acid anhydride; tribromophenyl condensates; polypentabromobenzyl acrylate; brominated polystyrene; condensates of tetrabromobisphenol A, cyanuric acid and tribromophenol. Among all, use of polycarbonate oligomer prepared from halogenated bisphenol A such as polycarbonate oligomer of tetrabromobisphenol A is particularly preferred.

The halogen atoms content in the γ-ray resistant material of the present invention is from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably, 0.5 to 8% by weight.

If the amount of the halogen atoms is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of improving the γ-ray resistance is poor, whereas the mechanical property of the composition is deteriorated or heat-stability upon melt-molding becomes poor, if it is more than 10% by weight.

If polypropylene glycol is blended with the present resins, the γ-ray resistance can further be improved.

The molecular weight of polypropylene glycol used in the present invention is preferably not greater than 8,000, preferably 1,000 to 8,000. If the molecular weight exceeds 8,000, the transparency tends to be deteriorated. The blending amount of polypropylene glycol is from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably, from 0.5 to 2% by weight based on the γ-ray resistant materials. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, sufficient effect can not be developed. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5% by weight, it tends to deteriorate the transparency and mechanical property.

As a method of blending the organic halogen compound or polypropylene glycol, various means well-­known to those skilled in the art can be used in an any stage so long as before the molding of the final molding product.

Further, in the γ-ray resistant materials of the present resins, other resin materials, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyester polycarbonate, polyarylate, polycondensate of cyclohexane dimethanol and terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid, or a copolymer of them with polyethylene terephthalate may be contained at such a small amount as not impairing the effect of the present invention.

Further, the γ-ray resistant materials may also contain various well-known additives, for example, hydrolysis inhibitor such as epoxy compound, lubricant such as paraffin wax and fatty acid ester, anti-oxidant such as hindered phenol, phosphoric acid ester or phosphorous acid ester, weather proofness improver such as triazine compound, colorant such as pigment or dye, etc.

Disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution of the present invention are obtained by molding the γ-ray resistant materials by means of methods well-known to those skilled in the art, with no particular restriction for the fabrication. For example, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, press molding, etc. can be used.

The disposable medical instruments of the present invention are subjected to irradiation of γ-ray for sterilization. They show less yellowing even undergoing such sterilizing-treatment.

Sterilized disposable medical instruments in contact with blood or physiological solution in the present invention is obtained by irradiating γ-rays to a disposable medical instrument prepared by molding γ-ray resistant materials comprising aromatic polycarbonate resins and containing from 0.1 to 10% by weight of halogen atoms.

The dose of γ-ray to be irradiated is usually 2 to 5 Mrad. The irradiating time and strength of γ-ray may be adjusted so as to enter within the above-mentioned dose range.

It is possible to produce the disposable medical instruments which are fully sterilized until they come into use for medical treatment, and which show less yellowing even undergoing such sterilizing treatment, by the manufacturing method of the present invention. Accordingly, it is possible to provide medical parts highly resistant to ionizing radiation.

The present invention is to be explained specifically referring to examples, but it should be noted that the present invention is not restricted only to these examples.

Examples 1 - 7 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2:

As the aromatic polycarbonate resins, bisphenol A polycarbonate resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of 22,000 (NOVAREX 7022A: trade name of products manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corp.) was used, which was blended with a polycarbonate oligomer of tetrabromobisphenol A (BC-58; trade name of products manufactured by Great Lakes Co.), decabromodiphenyl ether (DE-83P : trade name of products manufactured by Great Lakes Co.) and polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4,500 (E-4500 : trade name of products manufactured by Dow Chemical Co.) in a composition as shown in Table 1 and pelletized by an extruder having a bent with a screw diameter of 40 mmφ within a range of a resin temperature from 270 to 290°C. After drying the pellets, test specimens each of 50 mmφ x 3 mm thickness were prepared by using an injection molding machine with a mold clamping pressure of 75 ton within a resin temperature range from 280 to 300°C.

The yellowness index of the resultant test specimen was measured in accordance with JIS K-7103 and, further, the test specimen was subjected to sterilization by the irradiation of γ-rays at 2.5 Mrad in air and oxygen-removed atomosphere by the aid of Nippon Isotope Association, and then yellowness index was again measured two days after. The results are shown in Table 1. The oxygen-­removed atmosphere was obtained by tightly sealing the specimen together with an oxygen remover (Ageless: trade name of products manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.). <tables id="tabl0001" num="0001"><table frame="all"><title>Table 1</title><tgroup cols="10" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="9" colname="col9" colwidth="15.75mm" /><colspec colnum="10" colname="col10" colwidth="15.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col5" align="center">Composition (wt%)</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" rowsep="0" align="center">Yellowness index before γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col10" align="center">Yellowness index after γ-ray irradiation</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center">Aromatic polycarbonate resins</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" align="center">Tetrabromobisphenol A oligomer</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" rowsep="0" align="center">Decabromodiphenyl ether</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" rowsep="0" align="center">Polypropylene glycol</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col8" align="center">Air</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col10" align="center">Oxygen-removed atmosphere</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" /><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" /><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" /><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="center">Measured value</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">Amount changed</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="center">Measured value</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="center">Amount changed</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">98.3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">1.7(1.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">11.2</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">8.5</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">9.6</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">6.9</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">97.3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">1.7(1.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.0</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">9.5</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">6.5</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">8.8</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">5.8</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">94.8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">5.2(3.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.2</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">8.5</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">5.3</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">6.7</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">3.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">94.3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">5.2(3.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">0.5</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.4</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">7.9</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">4.5</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">7.0</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">3.6</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">93.8</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">5.2(3.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.4</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">5.2</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">1.8</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">4.6</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">1.2</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 6</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">87.9</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">12.1(7.0)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.7</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">5.6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">1.9</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">4.8</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">1.1</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 7</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">96.4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">3.6(3.0)</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">11.6</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">8.3</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">10.8</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">7.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Comparative Example 1</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">100</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.5</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">30.3</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">27.8</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">54.5</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">52.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Comparative Example 2</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="char" char=".">99.0</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="right">-</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.9</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">14.2</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">11.3</entry><entry namest="col9" nameend="col9" align="char" char=".">27.9</entry><entry namest="col10" nameend="col10" align="char" char=".">25.0</entry></row><row rowsep="0"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col10" align="justify">(Note) Numerical value in ( ) represents the content (wt%) as halogen atom.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Reference Examples 1 - 3:

A copolymerized polycarbonate resin comprising bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A was obtained by a method as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-21691 (1985). The properties of the resin are as shown below: <tables id="tabl0002" num="0002"><table frame="all"><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reference Example 1 :</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Molecular weight</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">21,500</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Bromine-content</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">0.5 wt%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reference Example 2 :</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Molecular weight</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">21,900</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Bromine-content</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">2.5 wt%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup><tgroup cols="2" colsep="1" rowsep="0"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="78.75mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="78.75mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Reference Example 3 :</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Molecular weight</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">21,300</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Bromine-content</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="right">7.5 wt%</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Reference Example 4:

Commercially available bisphenol A poly­carbonate resin having a molecular weight of 22,000 not containing halogen (NOVAREX 7022A, trade mark of products manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Corp.)

Examples 8 - 13:

The halogenated aromatic polycarbonate resins in Reference Examples 1 - 3, alone or blended with commercially available polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4,500 (E-4500 : manufactured by Dow Chemical Co.) each in the composition as shown in Table 2, were pelletized by using an extruder with a bent with screw diameter of 40 mmφ within a resin temperature of from 270 to 290°C. After drying the pellets, test specimens each of 50 mmφ x 3 mm thickness were prepared by using an injection molding machine with a mold clamping pressure of 75 ton within a resin temperature range from 280 to 300°C.

The yellowness index of the thus obtained test specimens was measured in accordance with JIS K-­7103 and, further, the specimens were sterilized by the irradiation of γ-rays at 2.5 Mrad in air by the aid of Nippon Isotope Association and then the yellowness index was measured again two days after. The obtained results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Examples 3 - 4:

The same procedures as those in Examples 8 - 13 were conducted except for using the poly­carbonate resin not containing halogen in Reference Example 4. <tables id="tabl0003" num="0003"><table frame="all"><title>Table 2</title><tgroup cols="6" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="26.25mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="26.25mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="26.25mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="26.25mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="26.25mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="26.25mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" align="center">Aromatic polycarbonate resin</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" rowsep="0" align="center">Polypropylene glycol (part by weight)</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col6" align="center">Yellowness index</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" /><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="center">Before γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="center">After γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="center">Amount changed</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 8</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">2.8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">8.3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">5.5</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 9</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 1</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">7.4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">4.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 10</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.4</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">7.1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">3.7</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 11</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">0.5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.6</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">6.3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.9</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 12</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 2</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.5</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">5.9</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.4</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Example 13</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 3</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.8</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">5.8</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.0</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Comparative Example 3</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">-</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">2.6</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">32.4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">29.8</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" align="left">Comparative Example 4</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Reference Example 4</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">1.0</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">3.0</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">15.1</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">12.1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>

Example 14:

100 parts by weight of the copolymerized polycarbonate resin of Reference Example 1 was blended with 1.0 part by weight of polypropylene glycol (E-4500; trade name of products manufactured by DOW Chemical Co.) and pelletized using an extruder with a bent with screw diameter of 40 mmφ within a resin temperature range from 270 to 290°C. After drying the pellets, ten dialyzer outer-cylinders each having an inner diameter of 40 mmφ, an outer diameter of 45 mmφ and length of 225 mm disposed with an introduction/discharge port of 12 mmφ each at the upper end and the lower end were molded by using an injection molding machine with a mold clamping pressure of 160 ton and within a resin temperature range of from 290 to 310°C. Each one piece of 30 mm x 30 mm was cut-out from the middle portion (with 2 mm thickness) of five ones of ten outer-cylinders, and the yellowness index was measured in accordance with JIS K-7103. Remaining five ones of the outer-­cylinders were sterilized under irradiation of Co-60 γ-rays at 2.5 Mrad in air by the aid of Nippon Isotope Association. Then, two days after, each one specimen of 30 mm x 30 mm was cut-out from the middle portion thereof in the same manner as described above and the yellowness index was measured. The obtained results are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 5:

The procedures were conducted in the same as those in Example 14 except for using the polycarbonate not containing halogen in Reference Example 4 and not blending polypropylene glycol. The results are shown in Table 3. <tables id="tabl0004" num="0004"><table frame="all"><title>Table 3</title><tgroup cols="8" colsep="1" rowsep="1"><colspec colnum="1" colname="col1" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="2" colname="col2" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="3" colname="col3" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="4" colname="col4" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="5" colname="col5" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="6" colname="col6" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="7" colname="col7" colwidth="19.68mm" /><colspec colnum="8" colname="col8" colwidth="19.68mm" /><thead valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" rowsep="0" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col8" align="center">Yellowness index</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" /><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" /><entry namest="col3" nameend="col7" align="center">Each value of specimens</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="center">Average value</entry></row></thead><tbody valign="top"><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">Example 14</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Before γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">3.0</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">2.9</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">3.2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.6</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">2.7</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">2.9</entry></row><row><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">After γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">6.5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">6.1</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">6.4</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">6.1</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">6.2</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">6.3</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col1" morerows="1" align="left">Comparative Example 5</entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">Before γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">2.4</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">2.0</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">2.3</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">2.3</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">2.1</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">2.2</entry></row><row rowsep="1"><entry namest="col2" nameend="col2" align="left">After γ-ray irradiation</entry><entry namest="col3" nameend="col3" align="char" char=".">22.5</entry><entry namest="col4" nameend="col4" align="char" char=".">23.3</entry><entry namest="col5" nameend="col5" align="char" char=".">21.2</entry><entry namest="col6" nameend="col6" align="char" char=".">22.0</entry><entry namest="col7" nameend="col7" align="char" char=".">22.9</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col8" align="char" char=".">22.4</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>