Video switcher system with modular architecture.

Background of the Invention

0001This invention relates to a video switcher system with modular architecture.

0002FIG 1 illustrates a conventional video mixing system, or switcher, in simplified block form. The FIG. 1 switcher comprises a source selector 2 which receives multiple video input signals, e.g. from external video signal sources, and provides selected ones of these input signals to mix/effects amplifiers (M/Es) 4. Each M/E receives at least two video input signals and combines them under control of signals provided by an operator interface 6 to provide an output video signal. The output signal provided by any of the M/Es 4 can be re-entered into another M/E through re-entry terminals 8 of the source selector 2. The output signal of the FIG. 1 switcher is taken from a reduced function program/preset M/E 10.

0003Conventional switchers are fixed in their architecture at the time of manufacture, and ac­cordingly the number of source selector inputs, the number of M/Es and the type and capabilities of each M/E cannot be changed. Therefore, in order to upgrade the switcher capability of a television studio, it has previously been necessary to replace the entire switcher. A user with limited resources might not be able to afford to replace his switcher. A user with greater resources will generally buy a switcher whose capabilities are limited only by the maximum anticipated require­ments over the lifetime of the studio in which it is installed, and therefore the switcher will be under utilized much of the time. Since the func­ tional components of one switcher cannot be shared with another switcher, a production facility with two or more studios may find itself handling simul­taneously one production that is too large for its largest switcher and another production that under utilizes the smallest available switcher.

Summary of the Invention

0004A preferred video signal processing apparatus embodying the present invention in a first aspect comprises source selector means having a plurality of input terminals, for receiving a plurality of video signals respectively, and at least two out­put terminals. A set of video processors each have an input terminal and an output terminal, the output terminals of the source selector means being connected to respective video processor input ter­minals. Output router means have a plurality of input terminals connected to the output terminals of the video processors respectively and also have at least first and second output terminals. Con­trol means are connected to the source selector means for selecting a first set of source selector output terminals, and thereby defining a first subset of video processors having input terminals connected to the first set of source selector out­put terminals, and also selecting a second set of source selector output terminals, and thereby de­fining a second subset of video processors having input terminals connected to the second set of source selector output terminals. The control means are also connected to the output router means for selecting at least one output terminal of the first subset of video processors and at least one output terminal of the second subset of video processors and connecting the selected terminals to the first and second output terminals respectively of the output router means.

0005A preferred video signal processing apparatus embodying the present invention in a second aspect comprises at least first and second source selec­tors each having a plurality of input terminals, for receiving a plurality of video signals re­spectively, and at least two output terminals. A set of video processors each have an input terminal and an output terminal. The apparatus further comprises a processor selector for connecting each source selector output terminal selectively to each video processor input terminal. First and second output devices each have a plurality of input ter­minals connected to the output terminals of the video processors respectively and also have an output terminal. Control means are connected to the processor selector for defining a first subset of video processors having their input terminals connected to the output terminals of the first source selector and a second subset of video pro­cessors having their input terminals connected to the output terminals of the second source selector. The control means are also connected to the first output device for selecting the output terminals of the first subset of video processors and to the second output device for selecting the output ter­minals of the second subset of video processors.

Brief Description of the Drawings

0006For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be carried into ef­fect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which: <ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li>FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional switcher,</li><li>FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a switcher system embodying the present invention.</li><li>FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a modification of the switcher system shown in FIG. 2, and</li><li>FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a modification of the switcher system shown in FIG. 3.</li></ul>

Detailed Description

0007The switcher system illustrated in FIG. 2 is designed for use in common by multiple studios (Studio A, Studio B, etc.) in order to provide video mixing capabilities for all the studios. The switcher system comprises a source selector 20 and an operator interface 22 for each studio. Only the source selectors 20A and 20B and the operator in­terfaces 22A and 22B are shown in FIG. 2. The switcher system also comprises a pool of video processors 24₁, 24₂ . . . 24_N. Normally, the number of video processors would be at least twice the number of studios, but there is no fixed as­signment of the video processors to the studios. Each source selector is similar to that which is used in a conventional switcher, except that it must be large enough to apply an input video signal to any of the video processors. Each studio has its own source selector because different studios generally have access to different respective sets of video sources.

0008Each video processor 24 is an M/E or a video processing channel, for example of the kind de­scribed in co-pending Patent Application Serial No. 07/<u style="single">157675</u> filed <u style="single">February 19, 1988</u> the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. The co-pending application describes a switcher archi­tecture in which the processing channel includes a circuit for limiting a video signal received by the channel in at least one of the amplitude domain and the spatial domain, in order to effect dissolves and wipes. The processors may be of different types, offering different features. Associated with each video processor 24 is an input selector 26. The input selector 26 has multiple input terminals connected to output terminals of the source selectors 20 respectively, and a single output terminal, and is operative to connect an output terminal of any selected source selector to the associated video processor.

0009The switcher system further comprises a pri­mary output router 28, a secondary output router 30 and a video combiner 32 for each studio. Each output router 28 and 30 has N input terminals, connected to the output terminals of the processors respectively. The primary output routers 28 each have multiple output terminals connected to respec­tive input terminals of the corresponding combiner 32 and delivers selected video signals to the com­biner 32, whereas the outputs of the corresponding secondary router are looped back to re-entry input terminals 34 of the source selector 20.

0010The combiner 32 of the given studio may have n input terminals, where n is the number of proces­sors required in order to achieve what is foreseen to be the most complex video effect that will be produced by the studio. The combiner 32 is a parallel combiner and may be of the kind described in the above-mentioned co-pending application. The combiner 32 receives n video signals from the pri­ mary output router 28, combines them in dependence on priority signals received from the operator interface 22, and provides a single output video signal.

0011Each operator interface 22 communicates with the associated primary output router 28 so that the primary output router selects the outputs of the processors 24 that are connected to the associated source selector 20, and each operator interface 22 communicates with the associated combiner 32 for determining the manner in which the signals received from the output router are combined.

0012In use of the switcher system illustrated in FIG. 2, each studio operator determines how many and what kind of video processors are required by his production, and employs his operator interface 22 to request assignment of appropriate video processors from the central pool. This is accomplished for each required processor by generating a signal that specifies the type of processor and applying this signal to the video processors sequentially until the signal is accepted. The signal can only be accepted by a video processor that is not already assigned and is of the specified type. The video processor that accepted the signal is thereby assigned to the selecting studio. When a video processor has been assigned to a studio, it responds to operating commands received from the operator interface of that studio. An assigned video processor continues to receive commands from the operator interfaces of studios to which it is not assigned, but it does not respond to those commands.

0013When a video processor accepts assignment to a studio, the studio's operator interface provides a signal to the input selector associated with that video processor indicating that the input selector should accept the video signal provided by the source selector of the studio to which it is assigned. The operator interface also provides a signal to the primary and secondary output routers 28 and 30 indicating that the accepting video pro­cessor is assigned to that studio and that the output routers should select the output signal provided by the video processor. When the required set of processors has been assigned, the switcher is put into operation. If at any time during the production the operator requires an additional video processor, he can request assignment of a processor of the required type, in the manner pre­viously described. Similarly, the operator may relinquish an assignment of one or more processors and thereby make them available for assignment to other studios. While a processor is assigned to a given studio, it functions as a fixed part of that studio and cannot be used by any other studio until its assignment is relinquished and it is reassigned.

0014Each primary router 28 is operated in parallel with its secondary router 30. By applying appro­priate control signals to the combiner, and adjust­ing the primary output router, the operator is able to determine which processor output signal is to be used as a re-entry, and by the parallel operation of the primary and secondary routers this signal is made available at one of the re-entry input terminals of the source selector. The operator then uses the source selector to connect this re-entry input terminal to the processor that is to receive the re-entered video signal.

0015The output routers used in the FIG. 2 switcher may be cross-point switches, or they may alterna­tively be implemented by selectively operating mixers in the output stages of the processors.

0016In the FIG. 3 modification of the FIG. 2 switcher system, the parallel combiners 32A, 32B etc. are not used. Instead, each video processor 24 includes not only a processing stage 36 but also a two -input combiner. 38. The combiners 38 may be of the kind described in co-pending Patent Applica­tion Serial No. 06/836,945 filed March 6, 1986. The combiners 38₂ . . . 38_N of the processors 24₂ . . . 24_N each receive as one input the video signal generated by the processing stage 36₂ . . . 36_N of that processor and has its other input connected to receive the output signal of the pre­ceding processor 24₁ . . . 24_N-1. The second input of the combiner of the first processor 24₁ is provided by the output of the last processor 24_N. Each combiner has a terminal 42 at which it re­ceives a priority signal from the operator inter­face to which the processor is assigned. The out­put signal of a combiner is a sum of the input signals received by the combiner, weighted in ac­cordance with the priority signal, and constitutes the output signal of the processor. The output signals of the processors are applied to the output routers. Each primary router 28 selects only one processor; if a re-entry is desired, the secondary router selects a different processor from that selected by the primary router. Each combiner has a switch 40 in the signal path for receiving a video signal from another processor. When for example, the operator of Studio A selects the pro­cessors 24₂ through 24_J and the operator of Studio B selects processors 24_K through 24_N and 24₁, the switches 40 of the processors 24₂ and 24_K are opened (rendered non-conductive) and the output routers for 28A and 28B select the processors 24_J and 24₁ respectively.

0017The FIG. 3 switcher system is less versatile than that shown in FIG. 2, because it is limited to the sets of processors assigned to the studios re­spectively being in continuous blocks and not being interleaved. For example, if the processors 24₁ and 24₃ were required by Studio A but processor 24₂ was not required by Studio A, it would not be avail­able for use by Studio B.

0018In the case of the FIG. 3 switcher system, re-­entries are accomplished in the same fashion as de­scribed with reference to FIG. 2, using secondary output routers 30.

0019In the FIG. 4 switcher system, a single source selector 44 is used instead of the separate source selectors of the FIGS. 2 and 3 switcher systems. The source selector 44 has multiple input terminals connected to respective video sources and has mul­tiple output terminals connected to the processors 24 respectively. Accordingly, any selected video source may be connected to any desired video pro­cessor. All video sources may be subject to selec­tion by any of the operator interfaces, or alterna­tively each operator interface may be able to se­lect only a subset of video sources. A single output router 46 has input terminals connected to the output terminals of the processors 24 respectively and has one program output terminal 48 assigned to each studio. The operator interfaces 22 act on the output router and determine which processors 24 have their output terminals connected to the terminals 48 respectively. In order to avoid the possibility of the operator of studio A, for example, attempting to cause the output router to connect the output terminal of a processor that is not assigned to studio A to the terminal 48A, the operator interfaces may be configured so that the interface of a given studio is able to select only the output terminal of one of the processors assigned to that studio for connection to the studio's program output terminal 48.

0020A secondary router 50 is operated in parallel with the router 46 for providing re-entries to the source selector 44.

0021It is not essential that a single output router be used in conjunction with a single source selector, as shown in FIG. 4, since multiple source selectors may be used in conjunction with a single output router or multiple output routers may be used in conjunction with a single source selector. Where a single output router is used, having a single program output terminal for each studio, the combining operation must take place upstream of the output router. However, where multiple output routers are used, the combining may take place either upstream of the routers, as in FIG. 3, or downstream, as in FIG. 2.

0022It will be appreciated that the present inven­tion is not restricted to the particular embodiment that has been described and illustrated, and that variations may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and equivalents thereof. For ex­ample, the invention is not limited to use of processing channels which operate on video signals in unary fashion. One or more of the processors might comprise an M/E which receives at least two video signals and operates on them in binary fash­ion. In this case, the input selector is capable of independently selecting at least two video sig­nals for application of the M/E.