Catheter for repair of blood vessel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention:

0001This invention relates to a catheter for the repair of injured blood vessels. More particularly, it relates to a catheter for the repair of injured blood vessels, which is used for repairing flappy intravascular membrane separated as by excessive expansion of blood vessels, for example, either during disintegration of atheroma which is one cause for intravascular thrombosis or during the course of angioplasty.

Description of the Prior Art:

0002When stenosis or occlusion occurs in a tract such as a blood vessel, the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) using an dilating catheter is resorted to as angioplastic means of dilating or opening the stenosed or occluded part of the tract thereby improving the flow of body fluid on the peripheral side of the tract. This angioplasty is effected, for example by first percutaneously securing the affected portion of the blood vessel in place, passing a guide wire into the blood vessel, inserting a catheter provided at the leading end thereof with an dilating member (balloon) along the guide wire until the dilating member is accurately located at the affected portion involving stenosis or occlusion, subsequently injecting a liquid (such as, for example, a contrast medium or physiological saline solution) under pressure (on the order of several to ten atmospheres) into the dilating member via a hub, and inflating the dilating member in the direction of the inner wall of the blood vessel thereby dilating or opening the stenosed or occluded part of the blood vessel.

0003The angioplasty of the operating principle mentioned above, however, necessitates highly delicate regulation of the operation involved. If the force exerted by the dilating member to spread the inner wall of the blood vessel radially is too small, the portion of stenosis cannot be sufficiently spread open and becomes liable to reocclusion. Conversely, if the force exerted by the dilating member to spread the inner wall of the blood vessel radially is unduly increased in an effort to spread the portion of stenosis outwardly to a sufficient extent, the intima sustains injury and dissection and the intima which is so separated and consequently caused to assume a flap is exposed to the blood, with the possible result that the dissected membrane will cause coagulation of blood and induce occlusion of the blood vessel. Further, the disintegration of the atheroma which is one cause for the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) develops with advance of arteriosclerosis and, as the result, the intima is similarly dissected in a flap and exposed in situ to the blood in motion to induce thrombus abruptly. If the flow of blood through the blood vessel is resumed as by the therapy of thrombolysis (PTCR) immediately after the onset of the symptoms, the prognosis of the disease is highly pessimistic. Equally in the case of the PTCR, the recurrence of thrombus is controlled as by the infusion of a large amount of urokinase. This measure, however, has a very strong possibility that the intimal flap will induce reocclusion in situ. Once the dessection of the intimal flap described above induces re-occlusion of the blood vessel, there ensues a very serious problem that the case will inevitably necessitate a surgical treatment and the patient will suffer from an enormous burden.

0004This invention, therefore, has an object of providing a novel catheter to be used for the repair of an injured blood vessel.

0005Another object of this invention is to provide a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, which is used for repairing the intimal dissected flap because of exccessive expansion of the blood vessel possibly entailed during the course of an angioplasty.

0006Still another object of this invention is to provide a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, which is capable of enabling the intimal dissected flap to be attached fast to the inner wall of the blood vessel by making effective use of the reaction system for blood coagualtion.

0007A further object of the present invention is to provide a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, which is capable of precluding the possibility of re-occlusion of the blood vessel due to the dissection of the intimal flap which is liable to occur as a complication originating in an angioplasty.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

0008The objects described above are attained by a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, characterized by comprising a multiple-lumen type catheter tube having at least two tubular cavities, a dilating member disposed near the extremity of the catheter tube and adapted to communicate with one of the tubular cavities, a lateral hole for the injection of a blood coagulation accelerent disposed on the catheter tube at a point nearer to the base side than to the dilating member side and adapted to communicate with the other tubular cavity, and a hub having a pluarlity of flow paths communicating severally with the tubular cavities of the catheter tube and adapted to communicate with the basel terminal of the catheter tube.

0009This invention further discloses a catheter for the repair of injured blood vessel wherein a first dilating member is used solely. This invention also discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein a first dilating member and a second dilating member are disposed one each on the opposite sides of said lateral hole for the injection of a blood coagulation accelerent. This invention discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein the first and second dilating members both communicate with one and the same tubular cavity. This invention further discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein the first and second dilating members communicate respectively with two different tubular cavities. This invention also discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein a third dilating member adapted to communicate with yet another tubular cavity which communiates with yet another flow path of the hub is disposed between a first dilating member and a second dilating member adjacently to the lateral hole. This invention further discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein the plurality of tubular cavities are formed by dividing one tubualr cavity in the axial direction with at least one partition wall. This invention also discloses a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel wherein the first and third dilating members are disposed on the distal portion from the lateral hole. This invention further dicloses a catheter, wherein one of the tubular cavities has opening at the extremity. This invention also discloses a catheter, wherein plural lumens are formed on the partition wall of a double tube formed coaxially.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

0010<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li>FIG. 1A is a partially longitudinally sectioned view of a typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel as the first embodiment of this invention,</li><li>Fig. 1B is a cross section taken through Fig. 1A along the line IB-IBʹ,</li><li>Fig. 2a is a longitudinal cross section of a typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as a second embodiment of this invention,</li><li>Fig. 2B is a cross section taken through Fig. 2A along the line IIB-IIBʹ,</li><li>Fig. 2C is a cross section taken through Fig. 2A along the line IIC-IICʹ,</li><li>Fig. 3 is a partially longitudinally sectioned view of a typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as a third embodiment of this invention,</li><li>Fig. 4A is a partially longitudinally sectioned view of a typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as a fourth embodiment of this invention,</li><li>Fig. 4B is a cross section taken through Fig. 4A along the line IVB-IVBʹ,</li><li>Fig. 4C is a cross section taken through Fig. 4A along the line IVC-IVCʹ,</li><li>Fig. 4D is a cross section taken through Fig. 4A along the line IVD-IVD, Fig. 4E is a cross section taken through Fig. 4A along the line IVE-IVEʹ, and</li><li>Figs. 5A through 5I are diagrams illustrating working examples of the typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as the first embodiment of this invention.</li></ul>

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

0011The catheter of this invention for the repair of an injured blood vessel, when used where the intima is injured as by excessive elongation of the blood vessel during an angioplasty to induce dissection of the intimal flap, is capable of suspending the flow of blood through the affected blood vessel by inflating the dilating member with low pressure on the downstream side of the blood vessel from the site of the dissection, causing coagulation of blood in the site of the dissection by injecting therein a coagula­tion accelerator such as thrombin through the lateral hole formed on the basal part side from the dilating member, enabling the dissected intimal flaps to be attached fast to the inner wall of the blood vessel by inflating the dilating member fully thereby pressing the product of the coagulation fast against the inner wall of the blood vessel, and consequently precluding the possibility of the re-occlusion of the blood vessel.

0012Now, the present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to preferred embodiments thereof.

0013Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B are cross sections of a typical catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as one embodiment of the present invention.

0014In the illustrated embodiment, a catheter 1 for the repair of an injured blood vessel is possessed of a catheter tube 4 made of a flexible thermoplastic resin such as flexible vinyl chloride resin, polypropylene, or polyethylene or a synthetic rubber such as ethylenepropylene rubber or silicone rubber with an outside diameter in the range of 1 to 3 mm and is provided with a partition wall 2 adapted to give rise to two tubular cavities (lumens) 3a and 3b. This catheter tube 4 is provided near the leading end thereof with a dilating member 6 of a small wall thickness (0.03 to 0.1 mm) formed in advance as by blow molding a flexible thermoplastic resin such as flexible vinyl chloride resin, polypropylene, or polyethylene or a synthetic rubber such as ethylene-propylene rubber or silicone rubber in such a way as to incorporate therein at least a tubular portion, preferably a tubualr portion coaxial with the catheter tube. This dilating member 6 is secured in place, for example, by inserting the catheter tube 4 through the dilating member 6 and causing the each ends 7,8 of the dialting member 6 to adhere to the distal portion of the catheter tube 4 with an adhesive or by means of thermal fusion. In part of the catheter tube 4 enclosed with the dilating member 6, there is provided a communicating hole 9 which opens into one of the tubular cavity, 3a. Through the medium of this communicating hole 9, the interior of the dilating member 6 communicates with the tubular cavity 3a. At the extrimity end of the catheter tube 4, a guide member (guide wire) 10 adapted to facilitate the introduction of the catheter 1 for the repair of an injured blood vessel into a part of stricture in the blood vessel is inserted into either of the tubular cavities 3a, 3b and attached fast thereto as with an adhesive. As the result, the leading end of the tubular cavity 3b is sealed with the guide member 10. The leading end of the other tubular cavity 3a is similarly sealed with an adhesive or by means of thermal fusion.

0015The catheter tube 4 is provided on the basal part side thereof from the dilating member 6 with a lateral hole 11 adapted to communciate with the tubular cavity 3b separately from the tubular cavity 3a which communicates with the dilating member 6.

0016Further, the catheter tube 4 is provided at a basal part end 12 thereof with a two-mouth hub 14 made of such a thermoplastic resin as vinyl chloride resin, polypropylene, polystyrene, or polycarbonate and possessed of flow paths 13a, 13b communicating respectively with the tubualr cavities 3a, 3b. This two-mouth hub 14 is provided at the terminals of the flow paths respectively with inlets 15a, 15b.

0017The catheter 1 for the repair of an injured blood vessel in the present embodiment which is constructed as described above can be used in the treatment of an injured intima as follows.

0018As a complication originating in an operation of the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty mentioned above, an intima is injured either owing to the attributes of the wall of the blood vessel or in consequence of excessive elongation of the dilating member as illsutrated in Fig. 5A, possibly to induce a dissection F of the intimal flap. Since this dissected flap F can cause re-occlusion of the blood vessel, it is subjected to an angiographic test to determine the anatomical position and the extent of the injury involved. Then, the catheter 1 provided with a dilating member of a size befittng the injury involved. By the conventional technique, the tubular cavities 3a, 3b and the dilating member 6 are evacuated of remaining air. Subsequently, the catheter 1 is inserted into the blood vessel until the dilating member 6 thereof is located on the peripheral side from the portion of the dissection F in intimal flap as illsutrated in Fig. 5B. Through one of the inlets, 15a, of the two-mouth hub 14, a liquid (such as, for example, a contrast medium or normal saline solution) is injected with a syringe (not shown), with the inner pressure of the catheter 1 monitored with the aid of a pressure gauge (not shown), so as to inflate the dilating member 6 and stop the flow of blood as shown in Fig. 5C. Immediately thereafter, a coagulant (such as, for example, a mixed liquid of thrombin with a blood coagulation factor VIII) is injected through the other inlet 15b of the two-mouth hub 14, with the result that the coagulant will be released and dispersed into the blood via the lateral hole 11 as shown in Fig. 5D and, consequently, enabled to coagulate the blood in the portion of the dissection as shown in Fig. 5E. Then, the liquid inside the dilating member 6 is shrunken by suction as shown in Fig. 5F. The catheter 1 is subsequently drawn back until the tubular part of the dilating member 6 is exactly located at the position of coagulation as shown in Fig. 5G. The dilating member 6 is subsequently inflated again by forced injection of the liquid so as to compress the product of coagulation as shown in Fig. 5H, causing the portion of the dissection F in the intimal flap to be attached fast to the inner wall of the blood vessel. The dilating member 6 is finally shrunken as shown in Fig. 5I, to permit extraction of the catheter 1 from the blood vessel. The product of coagulation (fibrin) which remains behind within the blood vessel will be eventually dissolved by the action of the lytic system of the living body and the inner surface of the blood vessel will be smoothened to flatness.

0019Figs. 2A through 4E depict typical catheters for the repair of an injured blood vessel, as other preferred embodiments of the present invention.

0020A catheter 21 of this invention for the repair of an injured blood vessel may be provided on the basal part side from a lateral hole 31 with a second dilating member 36 as shown in Figs. 2A through 2C so that the range in which the coagulating agent released through the lateral hole 31 is dispersed will be gathered more accurately in the neighborhood of the portion of the dissection F in an intimal flap and the manual work involved in the handling of the catheter will be carried out more safely.

0021In the catheter 21 of the present embodiment for the repair of an injured blood vessel, a catheter tube 24 possesses a tubualr cavity 23c in addition to tubualr cavities which communciate respectively with a first dilating member 26 and a lateral hole 31. This tubular cavity 23c is allowed to communicate with the second dilating member 36 through the medium of a communicating hole 37. A hub 34 is provided with a flow conduit 33c an inlet 35c which both communicate with the tubualr cavity 23c.

0022A catheter 41 of another embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3, similarly to the catheter 21 illustrated in Figs. 2A through 2C, is provided with a second dilating member 56. This dilating member 56 is adapted to communicate through the medium of a communicating hole 57 with a tubular cavity 43a which is allowed to communicate with a first dilating member 46.

0023A catheter 61 of the present invention for the repair of an injured blood vessel is allowed to be provided between a first dilating member 66 and a second dilating member 76 adjacently to a lateral hole 71 with a third dilating member 78 as illustated in Figs. 4A thorugh 4E so that after the blood has been coagulated with a coagulating agent in the portion of the intimal flaps, the product of the coagulation will be compressed and the portion of the intimal flaps will be attached fast to the inner wall of the blood vessel without requiring the first dilating member 66 to be moved. In the catheter 61 of the present embodiment of the invention, a catheter tube 64 is provided with a tubular cavity 63d in addition to tubular cavities 63a, 63b, and 63c which are adapted to communicate respectively with the first dilating member 66, the second dilating member 76, and the lateral hole 71. This tubular cavity 63d communicates through the medium of a communicating hole 79 to a third dilating member 78. A hub 74 is provided with a flow conduit 73d and an inlet 75d which both are allowed to communicate with the tubular cavity 63d.

0024The catheter 61 of the present embodiment, similarly to the catheter 41 of the embodiment illsutrated in Fig. 3, may be altered so that the tubualr cavity communicating with the second dilating member will serve concurrently as the tubular cavity 63a which communicates with the first dilating member 66.

0025The parts denoted by the reference numerals in Figs. 2A through 2C correspond to the parts of Figs. 1A and 1B which are denoted by reference numerals 20 less the reference numerals of Figs. 2A thorugh 2C. By the same token, the parts shown in Fig. 3 correspond to the parts of Figs. 2A through 2C denoted by reference numerals 20 less those of Fig. 3 and the parts shown in Figs. 4A through 4E correspond to the parts of Fig. 3 denoted by reference numerals 20 less those of Figs. 4A through 4E. Optionally, the present embodiment may be altered so that, besides the tubualr cavities communicating with the dilating members, a guide wire cavity (open part) may be incorporated therein so as to permit a guide wire to be inserted through the hub until it will protrude from the extremity of the catheter. In any cases, the pluvality of tubualr cavities may be any construction, but preferably they are constructed by dividing a tubular cavity with at least one partition wall for axial direction.

0026This invention, as described above, is directed to a catheter for the repair of an injured blood vessel, characterized by comprising a multiple-lumen type catheter tube having at least two tubular cavities, an expanding member disposed near the leading end of the catheter tube and adapted to communicate with one of the tubualr cavities, a lateral hole for the injection of a blood coagulation accelerator disposed on the catheter tube at a point nearer to the proximal side than to the dilating member side and adapted to communicate with the otehr tubular cavity, and a hub haivng a plurality of flow conduit communicating severally with the tubular cavities of the catheter tube and adapted to communicate with the proximal end of the catheter tube. Even when the blood vessel develops stenosis or occlution and an angioplasty performed by the use of a dilating catheter on the affected portion of the blood vessel causes the intimal flaps owing to excessive elongation of the blood vessel, for example, and the blood vessel entails a possibility of developing reocculusion, the catheter of this invention can repair the dissected portion easily, safely, and quickly. While the conventional therapy has failed to repair such an intimal flaps as described above and suffered the dissection to aggravate to the extent of inducing re-occlusion of the blood vessel, necessitating a surgical treatment, and imposing a very heavy burden on the patient, the catheter of the present invention alleviates this heavy burden and, at the same time, contributes to saving the cost of treatment.

0027The manual work to be involved in the repair of the intimal flaps can be effected more easily when the catheter of this invention is additionally provided on the proximal side from the lateral hole with a second dilating member adapted to communicate with another tubular cavity which communicates with another flow conduit of the hub or when the catheter of this invention is provided on the proximal portion from the lateral hole with a second dilating member adapted to communicate with the same tubualr cavity as the first dilating member. Further, when the catheter of this invention is additionally provided between the first and second dilating members and adjacently to the lateral hole with a third dilating member adapted to communicate with another tubular cavity which communicates with another flow conduit of the hub, the manual work to be involved in the repair of the intimal flaps can be carried out more quickly and more accurately and, therefore, the burden imposed on the patient can be alleviated to a greater extent.