Rotary drive or rotary generator.

The invention relates to a rotation drive or generator according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention is based, to provide such a rotation drive or generator with extremely low construction the object.

To achieve this object the rotation drive or generator according to the invention constructed as stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Many power receiving or driven devices a viable mounted, rotatable member already exists, for example, the wheel of a vehicle, the drive shaft of a propeller, a transmission shaft, a machine shaft or the like; many performance imaging and driving devices a viable mounted, rotatable member already exists, such as the crankshaft or flywheel of an internal combustion engine, machine shaft, gear shaft or the like. The invention is based on the insight that can make by using as a supporting member of a ring distributed permanent magnets to the rotor of a drive or generator man'ein already viable rotatably mounted part. One need then only against this made the runner part to arrange a stator to have a complete drive or generator on. Thus, then, the drive or the generator is no separate machine housing and storage by itself, but it has added to the already existing power receiving or power imaging device in the simplest way an electric drive or generator.

Although it is spoken of "conductors" and "permanent magnet" in claim 1, to the lower limiting case of only one conductor or only a permanent magnet having to be embraced therein.

The expression "drive or generator" is not described, indicate that one and the same unit must be able t these two functions to fulfill either. Rather, it is to be expressed, that according to the principle of the invention, both a drive motor or as a generator can be created. According to the principle of the invention can, however, create an aggregate that can work both as a drive and as a generator.

The terms "stator" and "rotor" are not intended to mean that the stator reflect actual unmoved permanent part of the drive or the generator and the rotor is necessarily the moving part of the drive or the generator. Rather, both options, namely moving stator with unmoved constant rotor and stationary stator consistent with a moving rotor, executable, even the possibility of moving both the stator and rotor at different speeds. The case of the stationary permanent stator is preferred because this power has to be supplied or discharged by this current.

In most cases, the current conductors in the form of coils are provided.

In the present invention are preferably highly coercive permanent magnets of an alloy of an element from the group of rare earths, in particular samarium, used with cobalt. Such magnets make it possible to work with relatively large gap widths. They are also distinguished by an almost straight-line curve in the fourth quadrant, which makes them far changes to crevice and opposing fields, for example by electromagnets, are relatively insensitive.

Preferably, the drive or generator according to the invention is formed self-controlled, which means that at least one provided on the stator sensor detects the relative position of the stator and rotor and that controlled by the sensor, preferably electronic, switching means for drive-righteous or generator just relative position of the stator and the rotor a establishes electrical connection between the current conductors and a current source or current sink. Preferred features of the structure of the drive or generator going, filed on the same day the European patent application entitled "electric motor" (Applicant: Magnet-Motor GmbH ..., Attorney Docket Q 847 M)

forth, the entire contents is incorporated by express reference to the disclosure of the present application. Preferred features in structure and in particular the electronic control of the drive or generator continue to expect filed on the same day the European patent application entitled "Linear, electric drive or generator" (Applicant: Magnet-Bahn GmbH, Attorney Docket Q 848m)

forth, the entire content is also done by express reference to the disclosure of the present application.

A trained according to the principle of the invention rotation drive or generator can be advantageously used in many cases where electric motors and generators also previously have been used. Particularly suitable application areas or Anordnungso_rt_e the permanent magnets are evident from the claims 2 to 5. The preferably before seen and preferably electronic self-control of the drive or generator can be a particularly good controllability by speed, power, rotation and realize like.

Especially advantageous as the drive or generator according to the invention can be combined with a wheel of a motor vehicle. This results in a structurally extremely simple, inexpensive and therefore especially preferred construction, when installing annularly distributed in the area of ​​the wheel rim, the permanent magnets. The stator with the current conductors, the sensor or sensors and the switching device or the switching devices can easily fit to a suitably shaped extension of the fixed stub axle around which the wheel rim rotates, are provided. In this way you can realize a drive without a separately provided drive motor with housing, bearing support and the like, by simply modifying the existing on the storage of the wheel or wheel rim producing materials comparatively slightly. The realization of Vielradantrieb or all-wheel drive is possible in the simplest way. Other design features of this aspect of the invention will be apparent from the description of a specific embodiment below.

A spinning of the driving wheels can be prevented by electronic means characterized in that the switching means comprises means for limiting the circumferential speed of the drive wheel or the drive wheels. In this way you can achieve a similar effect differential lock even with a plurality of drive wheels of an axle.

The steering of the vehicle can be realized by properly controlling the drives of the individual drive wheels, for example, at least one drive wheel on one side of the vehicle and at least one driving wheel on the other side at different speeds or driving in opposite directions. This is particularly advantageous when, for example, terrain, vehicles heavy weight, where the steering of the vehicle would require by turning of the wheels considerable design effort.

It should be emphasized that the invention in many cases makes so superfluous the provision of transmissions, drive shafts, clutches, there is no direct mechanical connection between the stator and the rotor is and since the drive or generator in terms of torque, speed and the like in a wide range according to the invention with comparatively little effort is well regulated.

In many cases it is favorable to produce the required for the drive or the drives in the vehicle power, for example with the aid of a combustion engine driven generator. This generator can be built also by the described principles of the invention, with special reference to the possibility of building by means of on the flywheel of the driving engine annularly distributed permanent magnets.

If one together with a drivable from outside generator as means for converting rotational speeds or torques, so to speak, as a transmission employing a drive according to the invention, can be obtained from a predetermined drive speed or a predetermined driving speed range of the generator by the electronic control of the generator powered drive make a desired, different speed or a different speed range. A similar transformation applies to the torques.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematically illustrated exemplary embodiments. Show it:<ul><li>Fig. 1-4 fundamental configurations of rotary drives or generators;</li><li>FIG. 5 an integrated in a vehicle wheel drive.</li></ul>

In Figs. 1 to 4, some basic configurations of rotary actuators and generators are shown according to the principle of the invention. The right in these figures, part of the respective drive or generator is mounted in each case rotatably with bearings 50 and forms the rotor. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the actual rotor area is substantially cup-shaped, permanent magnets 30 are distributed annularly with alternating polarity on the inner circumference of the cup ring. The stator 2 has the form of a roller, which is laminated on the outer circumference, wherein the individual blades are packed together axially. The stator 2 carries on the outer circumference axially extending and not graphically illustrated conductor suitably division. The range of the rotor 32 on which the permanent magnets 30 are secured, is composed of ferro-magnetic material as a return_schlußweg. The current conductors may be inserted, for example, in axially extending slots of the stator,

The stator 2 supports the outer periphery of one or several annularly distributed Hall probes 38 that cooperate with the Dauermageten 30th is determined Once hall probe each other, that a runner-side part and a stator-side part of a magnetic circuit or a plurality of magnetic circuits in the drive just or generator just relative position are, is the conductor or the coil or the conductor or the coil of this circle and this circle automatically turned on.

The stator as a whole can be connected by a single switching device or be divided into a plurality of sections each having a switching device, wherein a current conductor pair and a coil represents the lower limiting case of a section.

The embodiment of Fig. 2 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the radially inside of the ring of permanent magnets 30 arranged stator protrudes cup-shaped and in that radially within this Statorbereiches an annular projection 52 of the rotor 32 while maintaining a small air gap to the stator is provided. In this manner, the previously attributable to the stator part 2 of the magnetic circuits is primarily shifted to the annular projection 52, which rotates at the same speed as the permanent magnets 30th In this way, the eddy current losses can be reduced. The stator radially located between the permanent magnet 30 and the annular projection 52 may also be in the form of so-called. Lufstromleitern or air coils or in the form of electricity conductors or coils whose interspaces under release of the outer periphery and the inner periphery lie_'be ing conductor surfaces are filled with a ferromagnetic powder containing encapsulant, formed.

The embodiment of Fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 1, characterized in that the rotor 32 is formed as a disc and in that the permanent magnet axially on the bearings 50 remote from end face of the disc are arranged to be distributed annularly. Also, the stator 2 is disk-shaped and carries the disk pack and the current conductor, not shown, on its side facing the rotor 32 facing end side. Each extending circumferentially disks of the disk packet are radially adjacent to each other.

The embodiment of FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 3 in that the rotor has on the outer periphery 32 has two interconnected panes, between which the stator is designed as a disc. In the camps remote 50 disc of the rotor 32 may be either a co-rotating, magnetic yoke may be provided according to the principle of the embodiment of FIG. 2, or it may, as shown in the drawing, to be mounted there a number ring distributed permanent magnets 30 frontally. In the latter case, therefore, the stator acts together on both end faces with the permanent magnet 30, so that there is an equalization of the axially acting, magnetic attraction forces. The embodiment of FIG. 4 can be extended by adding further stator and rotor discs. The stator between the two permanent magnets 30 fitted with rotor discs can be realized as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 described, with air or air-core coils or conductors vergußmassegefüllten conductors or coils.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to ₄ the center distances of the conductors of Stators2 and the center distances of the permanent magnets 30, respectively in the circumferential direction, to ensure the drive or generator function are matched.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5 can be seen the tires 54, equipped with a rim 56 of a motor vehicle. The rim 56 is screwed to the end side to a hub 58th The wheel hub 58 is mounted by means of two roller bearings 60 on a hollow axle stub 62nd The wheel hub 58 may be formed as a brake drum.

The rim 56 has a total of approximately bowl shape with the edge of the bowl extending axially parallel to the rotation axis of the rim 56 of a few centimeters to a width. At this edge a series of permanent magnets 30 is disposed over the inner circumference annularly distributed. At the free end face of the stub axle 62 is a substantially disk-shaped stator 2 is screwed, the scope axially widens at the outside and there, as described in connection with the embodiment of Fig. 1 described in more detail, is laminated. In this constructively extremely simple manner, a drive or a working during braking of the vehicle generator is formed. The electronic control is performed, one described in detail in connection with the embodiment of FIG.. The switching device 40 is attached to the outer end face of the stator disc 2nd The power supply is carried out through the hollow axle end 62. The open per se, outwardly facing end face of the rim 56 is completed by a hubcap 46th By removing the hubcap 46 is the entire drive_'or generator, in particular the switching means 40, easily accessible for maintenance work.