Channelled plastic pipe with channel ends closed and method of producing the same

The present invention relates to a channelled plastic pipe having a number of air channels continuously axially extending through the wall thereof and particularly to such a pipe wherein at least one of the respective ends of said air channels are closed and the inner and outer surfaces of the closed region are finished as smooth surface, and to a method of producing the same.

Brief description of the drawings

<ul id="ul0001" list-style="none"><li>Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a pipeline buried in the ground;</li><li>Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a pipe joint section;</li><li>Fig. 3 is a section taken along the line III-III of Fig. 2;</li><li>Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing another pipe;</li><li>Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating pressure developing conditions during hot diameter-increasing process;</li><li>Fig. 6 is an end view showing small undulations formed on the peripheral surfaces of the pipe;</li><li>Figs. 7 to 12 are sectional views showing a production procedure step by step and illustrating the invention;</li><li>Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a channel closing section;</li><li>Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a channel closing section at the spigot end;</li><li>Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional views illustrating a process for closing the channels at both ends in a double-spigot joint; and</li><li>Fig. 17 is a sectional view showing a pipe of the invention for an adhesive agent type joint.</li></ul>

Description of the prior art

There has heretofore been proposed a channelled pipe having a number of air channels continuously axially extending through the wall thereof as a means for saving raw material and increasing the flattening rigidity of the pipe. Particularly, channelled plastic pipes, such as are made of rigid polyvinyl choride, can stand comparison with ordinary, non-channelled plastic pipes in regard to the surface conditions and basic physical properties, e.g., tensile strength. Thus, the technique for production of channelled plastic pipes has been established.

Because of their high flattening rigidity, such channelled plastic pipes are utilized as underground sewage pipes, in which case the manner of connecting them together is, e.g., as illustrated in Fig. 1. The left-hand end of each pipe 1 is a socket end 1a increased in diameter by being subjected to secondary processing and the right-hand end is a spigot end 1b not subjected to secondary processing. Thus, these pipes are of the so-called socket-spigot type. Therefore, a continuous line of pipe can be formed by inserting the spigot end 1b of each pipe 1 into the socket end 1a of the adjacent pipe 1 at its right, and it is buried in the ground 2. Fig. 2 is an enlarged section showing details of the socket-spigot joint. Air channels 1d continuously axially extend through the pipe wall. In addition, the line III-III section is shown in Fig. 3(A) and (B), the former referring to an oval (in cross-section) pipe 1A and the latter to a round (in cross-section) pipe 1B. In each case, a number of air channels 1d are formed in the pipe wall. Besides these cross-sectional shapes, there are many others, each presenting similar problems. Thus, if the pipeline is buried in the ground in the illustrated condition, rainwater, underground water or the like may flow in, as indicated by an arrow P, through the air channels 1d and out at the spigot end, as indicated by an arrow Q, into the pipeline or the water flowing through the pipeline may leak out through the air channels in the reverse direction. In such channeled plastic pipes, it becomes necessary to close the air channels 1d at the socket or spigot ends thereof. In addition, the socket end shown in Figs. 1 and 2 has a first diameter-increased portion 1c and a second diameter-increased portion 1e, the latter having a plastic or metal retainer ring 3 set in the inner surface thereof for retaining a packing 4 having an annular groove shaped complementary to the exposed portion of the retainer ring 3. The formation of such air channels is not limited to the pipe having the socket end shown in Fig. 2. Such air channels are often formed in various pipe constructions, including a simple extruded pipe with no secondary processing applied to either end thereof and a socket-spigot pipe with a single diameter-increased portion having a packing receiving annular groove 5 as shown in Fig. 4. Of course, there are similar problems also with them.

Therefore, it has been thought necessary to close such air channels at either the socket end or the spigot end thereof to prevent entry of outside water or leakage of inside water. For example, European Patent Specification No. 13,457 (FR-A-2446434) discloses means for closing the channels by applying a force which tends to squeeze or expand the pipe wall to thereby press the outer wall surface against the inner wall surface or the latter against the former, or fitting an annular sealing ring of channel-section to the pipe end so that axial side walls of the channel-section ring engage inner and outer surfaces of the pipe end around the entire circumference of the pipe. The portion thus processed, however, is in the former case formed with a constriction, which is a structural defect, on the outer or inner surface thereof, possibly leading to damage to the pipe unless special measures for reinforcement are taken. Further, since the pipe wall is only crimped under pressure, the resulting end-closing effect is insufficient, requiring the application of an auxiliary part in the form of a sealing ring of channel-section. However, such seal applied to the pipe end cannot be said to be sufficient since it could be easily removed by external forces, although in one embodiment it is secured by glue.

Japanese Patent Specifications Nos. 52222/ 1977, 127481/1979, 37344/1980, 73514/1980, 10658/1979, and 103480/1979 disclose means for crimping the end edge or end portion of pipe over a given length; however, the sealing quality of the crimped portion cannot always be said to be satisfactory, and water could pass therethrough. Further, Japanese Patent Specification No. 73512/ 1980 and Japanese Utility Model Specifications Nos. 83024/1979 and 114812/1979 disclose means for fitting a plug into the end of each air channel, however, it is very difficult to ensure satisfactory positioning between the air channels and plugs. Another drawback is that the plugs tend to come off the air channels when subjected to a high outward force produced as the water pressure in the pipe builds up. Further, Japanese Patent Specification No. 123180/1979 discloses a method of closing air channels by injecting a foamable material into the air channels and then causing it to foam. However, it is very troublesome to inject such material individually into the air channels. Since it is difficult to uniformly control the amount of injection and the degree of foaming, the sealing quality differs in different air channels and some air channels are insufficiently closed while others are overfilled with said material, detracting from economy. There have been many other suggestions but none has been known which is satisfactory from the stand-point of easiness of operation, reliability and uniformity of closure, economy, external appearance, etc.

Summary of the invention

The present invention has been made with the above in mind and has for its object the provision of an air-channelled pipe with the air channels closed uniformly and positively at one or both ends.

The present invention provides in one aspect a plastics pipe having a plurality of channels extending continuously axially within the pipe wall, the channels being closed at at least one end of the pipe by a rigid annular channel-section closure having two axially-extending radially- spaced walls forming an annular slot therebetween in which the end portion of pipe is received, said two walls engaging the inner and outer surfaces of said end portion around the entire circumference of the pipe, and a caulking material filling the bottom of the slot and the adjacent end regions of said channels to seal the channels.

In another aspect the invention provides a method, in a channeled plastic pipe having a number of channels continuously axially extending through the pipe wall, of sealing said channels at one end of the pipe, comprising the steps of: <ul id="ul0002" list-style="none"><li>heating said one end of said channelled plastic pipe length to soften the same,</li><li>fitting a rigid annular channel section closure on said softened pipe end, said closure having two axially-extending radially spaced walls forming an annular slot therebetween into which the softened pipe end fits, projecting walls being adapted to hold the inner and outer wall surfaces of the pipe end therebetween around the entire circumference, with a caulking material charged in advance into the annular slot defined by said projecting walls,</li><li>pressing the channelled plastic pipe and the annular closure against each other to force said caulking material into the channels,</li><li>forcing a fluid into the channels of the plastic pipe length to bring the inner and outer surfaces of the softened pipe end into intimate contact with inner and outer mold parts between which said one end of the pipe is disposed so as to smooth said inner and outer surfaces, and</li><li>removing said one end of the pipe from between said inner and outer mold parts to cool the same.</li></ul>

The term "caulking material" as used herein includes those materials called "sealing material".

Thus, the closing material in the present invention is a caulking material, which, unlike the conventional solid plug, is capable of plastic deformation, so that even if there is some error of accuracy in the size and shape of the channels, the material will deform itself to accommodate said error. Thus, it has very high sealing quality and its adhesion to the plastic pipe is satisfactory. Unlike foaming materials, it does not require secondary processing, thereby avoiding increases in the number of production steps and in production time. Further, in the case of a foaming material, it tends to be injected deep into the channels, resulting in increased material cost. In contrast thereto, caulking materials used in the invention are relatively inexpensive.

The caulking material is charged in advance into the slot of the closure and the latter is fitted on the pipe end, so that the caulking material can be uniformly charged circumferentially of the pipe. Therefore, there is no variation in the sealing effect, nor is local overcharging. Thus, uniform and reliable sealing effect can be obtained. In addition, the side to be closed is usually heated for secondary processing. Par- ticualrly where the plastic pipe end is increased in diameter to form a socket, a diameter-increasing force acts outwardly of the inner mold part 6 as indicated by arrows M in Fig. 5, so that hoop stresses z_X, _Ty, _Tz are produced as indicated by arrows, respectively. Since the stresses _Tx and _Tz are produced in a region of relatively small cross-sectional area while the stress _Ty is produced in a region of relatively large cross-sectional area, _Tx and _Tz per unit area are larger than _Ty per unit area, with the result that pipe wall regions I_x and I_z acted upon by _Tx and _Tz, respectively are circumferentially stretched, thereby forming small undulations 7, as shown in Fig. 6, in the pipe cross-section after heat- processing. The formation of such undulations is undesirable since they detract from the external appearance and, moreover, they cause variations in the circumferential sealing effect when the pipe is connected to another pipe, particularly where a packing is interposed therebetween. Therefore, according to the invention, this relevant portion is held between the inner and outer mold parts and then a fluid is forced into the channels 1d to expand the latter, thereby successfully avoiding formation of undulations. Further, since the caulking material is pressed against the bottom of the slot by the pressurized fluid, as described above, it is spread onto the inner surfaces of the channels 1d to fill the channels, so that there is no danger of a clearance being formed between the inner surfaces of the channels 1d and the caulking material.

While the invention has been generally described so far, concrete examples of the arrangement of the invention and its merits will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

Referring first to Fig. 7, an inner mould part 8 if formed with 5 steps 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d and 8e, said step 8c having a rubber form or split form 9 and a packing engaging ring 3 fitted thereon so that the packing engaging ring 3 abuts against the back surface of said step, and said step 8e having a U-cross-sectioned annular channel-closure 10 fitted thereon so that it abuts against the back surface of said step, with a caulking material 11 charged into the U-slot. The annular channel-closure 10 has outer and inner peripheral projecting walls 10a and 10b having their front ends taper-chamfered, as shown. The taper 10a' of the outer peripheral projecting wall 10a is formed to face away from the U-slot and the taper 10b' of the inner peripheral projecting wall 10b is formed to face toward the U-slot. The material of the annular channel-closure is not limited in particular. Preferably, it is the same plastic as that of the pipe, but rigid rubber or stainless steel may be used as needed.

The caulking material is a soft material which is used for caulking and sealing purposes. Since it must be soft and capable of deforming to enter the channels through the open ends thereof, it is desired that it be plastic and flowable to a great degree and yet it must set as quickly as possible after entry. Materials which meet all these requirements include two-liquid type thermosetting resins, e.g., epoxy resins, and thermosetting resins, whether one-liquid or two-liquid type, such as silicone resins and butyral resins. Sometimes, thermoplastic resins (acrylic resin) and butyl rubber may be used. Typical of them are epoxy resins. To illustrate concrete examples of composition, it is preferable to use epoxy resins having a polyamide type setting agent incorporated therein in amounts greater than the theoretical amount or epoxy resins having incor- portated therein a plasticizer or non-reactive diluent, such as DBP, coal tar, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.

Such caulking material is charged into the U-slot of the annular channel-closure and the latter is fitted on the innermost region of the step 8d of the inner mold part 8 which is heated.

The channeled pipe 1 is slid along the guide portion (the step 8a) of the inner mold part after it has been heated to its plasticizing temperature. Therefore, it is successively increased in diameter by the tapering portions and the step 8c and moved over the rubber form 9 and the packing engaging ring 3 toward the annular channel-closure 10, as shown in Fig. 8. Since the inner peripheral projecting wall 10b of the channel-closure 10 is formed with the taper surface 10b', as described above, the front end of the channeled pipe 1 is smoothly inserted into the U-slot of the channel-closure 10. Since the caulking material 11 in the channel-closure cannot escape, it is pressed between the slot bottom surface of the channel-closure and the non-channeled surface region of the pipe to be uniformly squeezed into the channels 1d, as shown in Fig. 9. Subsequently, the outer mold part 110, divided into 3 or 4 pieces, is radially inwardly clamped to establish the Fig. 9 state. In the illustrated example an outer mold part 110 has been clamped later, but it may be clamped in advance and then the channeled pipe 1 may be pushed into an annular clearance defined between the outer mold part 110 and the inner mold part 8. When the Fig. 9 state is established, a blowing jig 12 adapted to cover the spigot end surface, as shown at right in Fig. 9, is fitted in position and a fluid is blown in from a nozzle 13 in the direction of arrow, whereby the fluid is forced into the channels 1d. This eliminates small undulations described in relation to Figs. 5 and 6. Further, the charging density of the caulking material in the channels is increased. In addition, 14a and 14b in Fig. 9 denote packings. Since the taper surface 10a' of the outer peripheral projecting wall of the channel-closure 10 supports the radially inward pressure from the outer mold part 11 on its entire area, as shown in Fig. 9, an even and beautiful appearance is presented.

With the first stage of the molding operation thus completed, cooling means is applied as by introducing a coolant between the outer and inner mold parts 110 and 8 or releasing the outer mold part 110 from the clamping force and feeding cool air or cold water. The molded pipe and the inner mold part 8 are then separated from each other, as shown in Fig. 10, and the molded pipe is further cooled. In the case of the rubber form 9, it is pulled out by being deformed as shown in Fig. 11 and in the case of the split form, it is pulled out by being disassembled. Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing the finished socket portion, with the packing engaging ring 3 being set in the inner surface of the socket portion, the annular channel-closure 10 being fitted on the front end surface, and the channels 1d being filled with the caulking material 11. In this manner, the channels 1d are closed and the socket having a good uniform appearance is formed. In the inner surface of the socket, the inner peripheral projecting wall 10b is flush with the inner surface of the pipe, while in the outer surface of the socket the taper surface 10a' of the outer peripheral projecting wall 10a is smoothly continuous with the outer surface of the pipe. Thus, even if the channel-closure 10 is caught by something, it is prevented from coming off since the projecting walls 10a and 10b provide nothing which functions as a hook. After the caulking material 11 has fully set, the adhesion between the caulking material 11 and the channels 1d provides strong binding therebetween. Before it fully sets, however, there would be a danger of the channel-closure coming off. If necessary, therefore, a force F may be applied in the direction of arrow as shown in Fig. 13 to recess the outer peripheral wall surface 1 k of the pipe 1 at suitable places or throughout the circumference thereof so as to prevent coming off; this is also included in the scope of the invention.

Fig. 14 shows an example in which the invention is applied to the spigot end. Since the outer surface of the spigot is rubbed against a seal packing when being inserted into the socket, it would be inconvenient to have the outer peripheral projecting wall 10a extending beyond the outer surface of the pipe as in the case of Fig. 12. Therefore, the outer peripheral projecting wall 10a in Fig. 14 is formed with a taper surface 10a" facing toward the U-slot. As a result, both the inner and outer surfaces are even.

Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional view showing a procedure for closing the channels at both ends of a double-spigot pipe. The right-hand side (R) is closed in the same procedure as described above, and then the left-hand side (L) is closed. Fig. 15 is a sectional view corresponding to Fig. 9, but unlike the latter the side R has already been closed. Therefore, in preventing formation of small undulations on the side L it is impossible to blow in a pressurized fluid from the side R. Therefore, in Fig. 15, a fluid blowing jig 15 whose fitting portion has the same shape as the channel-closure is fitted on the front end of the side L and a pressurized fluid is blown in from a nozzle 16. Since the channels 1d are completely sealed, the undulations on the side L are pressed between the inner mold part 8 and the outer mold part 110, so that a beautiful appearance is presented as in the case of Fig. 9. After the socket has been cooled to the extent that it will not deform, the mold is released form the clamping force, a channel-closure 10 filled with a caulking material 11 similar to that used in the preceding examples is fitted on the processed socket end, and it is heated, as needed, to accelerate setting, thereby completing the double-end closing operation.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 17, the invention is also applicable to the closing of channels in a simple diameter-increased socket of the adhesive bond type joint.

With the invention arranged in the manner described above, the channels in a channeled pipe can be uniformly and reliably closed each at one or both ends thereof by simple means and at the same time formation of samll undulations, which otherwise would easily form, on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe can be prevented.