Hybrid wireless optical and radio frequency communication link

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to terrestrial Data communication systems for optical frequencies and radio frequencies or radio frequencies (RF = Radio Frequency). More specifically, the present invention relates to a new and improved method and a new and improved An apparatus for communicating data over a communication link with both a free-space optical path and a parallel wireless RF path. The data is transmitted over the optical path of higher capacity, when convenient atmospheric Space conditions prevail, and the data about the transmitted RF path when the atmospheric Space conditions the effectiveness of the optical path to up have deteriorated to the point that it is more efficient, the data on the to transmit RF path. Control and status information is preferably in each case on the reliable RF path transmitted.

Background of the Invention

The communications industry requires not only a high-speed data communication but a reliability in these communications. When are terrestrial communications some of the most common communication links wire lines, Radio frequency (RF), an optical fiber and a free space optics. Each of these Communication links has different relative strengths, weaknesses and compromising the speed and the reliability. Typically have the optical systems higher Communication data rates, speeds or bandwidths and have the wired, RF and optical fiber connections greater reliability.

Although optical fiber connections to both a high speed and a high reliability capable they have the disadvantage that they have a physical installation an optical fiber cable as the communication path or the Medium between communication sites require. A wired Compound also requires the physical installation of wires or Cables as the communication path or the media. In many Situations, however, it is impractical, uneconomical or impossible physical Kabelmedien to install between communication points. In these situations have the wireless RF links and / or free-space optical connections be used.

Optical Space compounds transmitted light or a laser beam over the atmosphere between an optical transmitter and an optical receiver. Optical free-space communication systems require a free and clear line of sight path between communication points, because the light or the laser beam in a straight line between the communication stations projected. The optical beam is a Deterioration caused by smoke, dust, fog, rain, snow and any other particles in the atmosphere suspended between the communication stations. These particles and breaking substances or block a light beam up to the Extent, that he is not reliably received at the receiving communication station becomes. At times, can atmospheric conditions a quality the light beam between the communication stations so seriously worse, that the free-space optics can fail in it, together to work, or that the communication rate is not up to a reduced acceptable degree becomes.

included Wireless RF communication links a broadcast of an RF signal carrying the communication data between the communication stations. Although the typical RF broadcast for transmitting of data at a lower rate than an optical signal capable of is the broadcast RF signal normally reliable. Broadcast RF signals are not the same deterioration of atmospheric subjected to conditions that cause free-space optical communications to suffer. Although some RF systems, such as microwave systems, a transmission path require with unobstructed line of sight, causing particles and substances in the air no significant RF signal degradation. Thus, RF communications reliably under conditions work, under which free space optical transmissions do not work reliably can, thereby providing greater safety provided an accurate and effective data transmission available is, albeit at a slightly lower data transmission rate.

In relation to these and other considerations has been developed the present invention.

The patent document <patcit><text>DE 44 33 896 C</text></patcit> discloses a method for communicating Data between a communication system and a wireless connected Communication terminal. A bidirectional infrared transmission path additionally to the bidirectional radio transmission path provided. The quality the infrared transmission is continuously verified and the result of this verification determines whether the radio link or infrared connection used is, and when the infrared connection is used, at least the radio transmitter turned off. Disabling the radio transmitter reduces the radio transmissions in the system, what the potential negative effects on users of reduces the radio signals and reduces the overall energy consumption.

&lt;?page 3?&gt;

Summary of the Invention

The present invention includes a hybrid wireless optical and radio frequency (RF) communication link or a system. Optical transceivers at opposite ends the compound provide an optical path for the primary communication of data to disposal, and RF transceivers provide primary a communication path for Control and status information between the optical transceivers and the RF transceivers to disposal. Under atmospheric Conditions that cause that the optical communication data seriously deteriorated or total outage, data communication is automatically switched to the RF path. Although the overall data communication speed may be reduced , when the data on the transmitted RF path be a communication link under all conditions rather maintained as the data communication during atmospheric Conditions is briefly interrupted, which adversely optical for Data communication.

The presence of the RF path between the RF transceivers provides regardless of whether the data on the optical path or the RF path are communicated, for a highly reliable communication the control and status information. Thus it is possible to control and status information for better controlling the optical transceiver and their optical signal transmissions to lead, even if the optical link due to deteriorating atmospheric Space conditions less than ideal.

These and other improvements are in an improved method for communicating data in a achieved communication link over a terrestrial space area extends between two stations at ends of the connection. The method contains communicating the data in an optical signal over a transmitted free-space optical path between the two stations is, and communicating the data in a radio frequency (RF) signal over a Free-space RF path is transmitted between the two stations when the data not in the optical signal through the optical path are transmitted. The optical link is used for transmitting the data, whenever an advantage for is to use the optical path, and the RF link is used, whenever atmospheric Conditions in the optical path cause the optical path fails or transfer the optical signals deteriorated. A failure or deterioration the optical path is a failed reception of a transmitted optical signal or by the reception of an optical signal, which has been degraded to the point that it is difficult is, the information contained in the optical signal to reliably distinguish, recognize. Control and status information is temporarily the optical transceivers over transmit the RF path to to communicate that the optical signal has failed or has deteriorated. Even while The RF link transfers the data it is preferable to an attempted transfer continue of optical signals between the communication points to to determine when the optical path for the transmission of data again build is with communicating the optical signals reliably can be. Create the two stations and transfer preferably alternately, the control and status information, and send to the other station. The control and status information includes information indicating the extent to which a station its optical transmission power according to the fixing the received power should change by the other station, thereby an effective optical communication without oscillation maintain the power level of the two stations.

The aforesaid and other Improvements are also in a hybrid wireless optical and radio frequency (RF) communication link for communicating of data between a first and second station reaches wherein the first and second stations the data on respective first and second Input / output (I / O) to receive and provide signal paths. The hybrid includes communication link a free-space optical link portion of a first optical transceiver at the first station and a second optical transceiver at the second station for transmitting and sending and receiving an optical signal, the data the contains, between them, has. The hybrid communication link also includes a free-space RF link portion parallel to the optical connecting part and has a first RF transceiver at the first station and a second RF transceiver at the second station for transmitting and transmitting and receiving an RF signal and the data and control Status information for controlling the operation of the optical and includes RF transceiver, between them on. The control and status information controls functionality the optical transceiver without the capacity or bandwidth of the optical transceiver for transferring and receiving the data contained in the optical signal, to diminish. additionally then, when the optical path due to atmospheric influences fails or worse, the data for transmission through the RF transceiver via RF path out. Even if the data transmission capacity of the RF path is less than that of the optical path, data may transmitted even under conditions be, under which a data transmission by a failed or deterio&lt;?page 4?&gt;prevents failed optical path would be.

The hybrid communication link receives the Data about to transfer the optical and RF paths are of an input / output (I / O) signal path, and the hybrid link transfers the data, it receives from the optical and RF paths onto the I / O signal path. A switch within the station at the Endkommunikationsverbindungen leads the Data between the optical link and the I / O signal path in an active operating mode and performs the data between the RF link and the I / O signal path in a standby mode. A transmission status signal is produced as part of the control and status information, and a transmission status signal indicates whether the optical link transfer data effectively can. The switch responds to the transmission status signal to Forming either of the active operating mode or the standby mode. An absence of the optical signal in the optical path is also detected and causes a switch from the active operating mode to standby mode.

A more complete recognition of the present Invention and its scope, and the manner in which the reach specified improvements above, with reference preferred to the following detailed description of presently embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, obtained be, which are briefly summarized below, and with the appended Claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE drawings

<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref> is a block diagram of a hybrid wireless optical and radio frequency (RF) communication link, incorporating the present invention.

<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref> is a representation of a data structure for a control token packet, which in the in <figref idrefs="S40">1</figref> shown hybrid Communication link is used.

<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> is a more detailed block diagram of the in <figref idrefs="S40">1</figref> hybrid communication link shown.

<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref> is a more detailed block diagram of a master optical transceiver and a slave optical transceiver of in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> hybrid communication link shown.

<figref idrefs="S44">5</figref> is a more detailed block diagram of a master transceiver interface unit (TIO) of the in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> shown hybrid Communication link.

<figref idrefs="S44">6</figref> is a more detailed block diagram of a slave transceiver interface unit (TIO) of in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> shown hybrid communication link.

<figref idrefs="S45">7</figref> is a flowchart of a power control procedure that the master and slave stations is carried out to the optical transmission power level the in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> illustrated optical adjusting transceiver and the in the in <figref idrefs="S41">2</figref> shown tax package included tax and status information to assemble.

<figref idrefs="S46">8</figref> is a flowchart of the procedure for switching data transmission from the optical path to the RF path of the in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> shown hybrid communication link, such as by a in <figref idrefs="S44">5</figref> Master transceiver interface unit shown accomplished becomes.

<figref idrefs="S47">9</figref> is a general flow diagram of the procedure for switching a data transmission from the optical path to the RF path of the in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> shown hybrid communication link, such as by a in <figref idrefs="S44">6</figref> Slave transceiver interface unit shown accomplished becomes.

Detailed description

A hybrid wireless optical and Radio frequency (RF) communication link (the hybrid compound) <figref>20</figref> is in <figref idrefs="S40">1</figref> shown. The hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> combined a technology for a free space optical communication (preferably laser systems, the communication speed of many gigabits per second reach) with a high-speed RF technology (preferably Microwave) to a wireless terrestrial hybrid laser / microwave communication link for the communication data between two Kommunikationsendstuellen the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> at stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> to reach. The integration these two wireless communication technologies (optical and RF) in the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> increases the statistical availability or reliability of a wireless point-to-point communication with a large distance or over a great distance (Z. B. over a distance of 1-2 Miles).

The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> has preferably generally a master hybrid communication station (Master Station) <figref>22</figref> and a slave hybrid communication station (Slave station) <figref>24</figref> on. An optical signal such as a laser beam, is in an optical path <figref>26</figref> projected and an RF signal, such as a microwave signal, in an RF path <figref>28</figref> broadcast. Both the optical signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> as well as the RF signal in the RF path <figref>28</figref> are a terrestrial space area <figref>30</figref> between the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> transfer. data are contained in the optical signals and the RF signals characterized between the two stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> communicates. Input / output (I / O) signal paths <figref>32</figref> and <figref>34</figref> connect each master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> With other communication stations (not shown) or devices, and thereby connect the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> in a &lt;?page 5?&gt;larger communications network or - system. The optical in the signals and the RF signals transmitted Data provided by the I / O signal paths <figref>32</figref> and <figref>34</figref> at a station <figref>22</figref> or <figref>24</figref> are obtained and on the I / O signal paths <figref>34</figref> and <figref>32</figref> at the other station <figref>24</figref> or <figref>22</figref> after a communication via the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> output. The I / O signal paths<figref>32</figref> and <figref>34</figref> can either Source or delivery path of data signals in the communication network be or network. For example, the I / O signal paths a optical fiber or wired channels be the master and the slave stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> with other wireless Stations connect at the same location, to cause thereby, that the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> in a series of such hybrid compounds <figref>20</figref> in the communication network or system a repeater or repeater is. Alternatively, to the I / O signal paths <figref>32</figref> and <figref>34</figref> part of a country-based optical fiber connection or a wire communication link be too distant country based communication stations. The on hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> communicated data may include any have type user data or -information.

The optical path <figref>26</figref> serves as the main communication path or preferred communication path for between the master and slave stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> in a active operating mode data transmitted. The RF path <figref>28</figref> serves as the main communication path or the preferred communication path for control and status information, the to control the operation of the stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> is used. The RF path <figref>28</figref> also serves as a reliable backup data communication path in a standby mode. In standby mode contributes the RF path <figref>28</figref> the data because the optical path <figref>26</figref> therein has failed to transmit successfully or optical Signal reliably over the Space area <figref>30</figref> between stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> to communicate, usually due to the deteriorating atmospheric or other influences, such as the light refraction effects of rain, fog, drizzle, Snow, dust or other adverse weather conditions in the terrestrial Space area <figref>30</figref>, But also due to a possible mechanical or functional failure of the devices in the optical connecting member the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, The RF path<figref>28</figref> exchange control and status information between the master and slave stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> in both the active mode and the standby mode, and additionally transmits the Data in standby mode.

The master station <figref>22</figref> monitors an optical constant received power level of a signal on the optical path <figref>26</figref> of the slave station <figref>24</figref> receive is, and vice versa, in both the active mode and the standby mode. Based on the information about the received optical Power level calculated each station <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> on Degree or an amount by which or what the other station <figref>24</figref> or <figref>22</figref> their optical power level for optimum optical communication in the optical path <figref>26</figref> set to have to be. additionally It is preferable that the master station and the slave station <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> at the same transmitted optical power level. As part of the control and status information to use the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> Information with respect to the received optical power level, the transmitted optical power level and the calculated power adjustment common to necessary settings to confirm and transferred by the same or transmitted optical power level to maintain. If both the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> optical send or transmit signals at the same power level, is referred to as "symmetry" of this condition.

The symmetry of transmitted power levels the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> allows that each station <figref>22</figref> or <figref>24</figref> immediately determined whether the optical path <figref>26</figref> is faulty or failed or has deteriorated to the point at which he or unreliable is ineffective. When a station<figref>22</figref> or <figref>24</figref> detected, that the received optical power level is below a minimum an appropriate threshold and its own transmitted optical power level is at a maximum (which due to the symmetry means that the transmitted optical power level of the other Station is also at a maximum), then have the adverse Conditions in the terrestrial space area <figref>30</figref> deteriorated. The optical path <figref>26</figref> may no longer be reliable or effective in transferring data with a higher Data rate can be considered that rate at which data in the broadcast RF signal in the RF path <figref>28</figref> can be transferred. This State is referred to herein as "failure" of the optical path <figref>26</figref> designated. In an optical loss through the hybrid junction switches <figref>20</figref> to the Standby mode in which the data via the RF path <figref>28</figref> communicates will. Optical signals are during the standby mode of operation continuously in the optical path <figref>26</figref> transmitted, and the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> drive it away, the received optical power level of the optical signals in the optical path <figref>26</figref> in the to monitor the standby mode, even if the data in the RF signal through the RF path <figref>28</figref> be transmitted. By continuously monitoring the optical signals in the optical path <figref>26</figref> can during the standby mode of operation the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> to scatter the adverse influences the clearance region <figref>30</figref> towards active mode switch back, to provide a reliable optical communication of data in the optical path <figref>26</figref> permit. Information with respect to an optical loss is continuously between the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> in in the RF path <figref>28</figref> transmitted &lt;?page 6?&gt;Status- and control information is shared, so that both stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> the Switching between the active mode and the standby mode on a Such way cause that no data is lost.

The master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> use control and status information together by communicating a control token packet 36, which an exemplary data structure in <figref idrefs="S41">2</figref> shown is, between the stations in backward and forward. The tax package <figref>36</figref> has header fields <figref>38</figref> and content fields <figref>40</figref> on. The specific header fields<figref>38</figref> hanging from the from certain communication protocol that is used. In this Example is the tax package <figref>36</figref> representative of a package for the well-known Switchover protocol of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM = asynchronous Transfer Mode). Thus, the contents of the header fields is<figref>38</figref> according to the ATM protocol standard set. The processing of optical and RF network data signals in the optical path <figref>26</figref> and in the RF path <figref>28</figref> is independent of or transparent to the protocol for transmitting the data is used. However, encapsulation of the control and depends Status information in the control packet <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) From the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> used Communication protocol from. The standard Internet Protocol (IP) switching protocol is a further example of such well-known protocol.

The ATM protocol can provide a quality of service and a delay for voice, Data, video and image communication systems optimize. Therefore it is considered such that there is a presently unifying technology represents. The ATM protocol is scalable or divisible, which allows that a standard 53-byte cell from a LAN (local area network) to a LAN via a WAN (wide area network) is transported. The ATM protocol can also in public and private WANs are used. The 53-byte cell consists of a 5-byte header (The header fields <figref>38</figref>) And a payload of 48 Bytes of information (the content fields <figref>40</figref>). The header fields<figref>38</figref> point generally the destination, the payload type, a priority and a error checking on. The control and status information in an ATM packet (the tax package<figref>36</figref>) set the payload type field to 001, or on any other unique identifier of a tax package <figref>36</figref> indicating encapsulated. The 48-byte payload (content fields<figref>40</figref>) becomes for transporting other control and status information between the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> used (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>).

Ideally, the rate at which which tax package the <figref>36</figref> between the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> out will depend on how rapidly the quality of the optical path <figref>26</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Changes. however is a given small size of the tax package <figref>36</figref> (53 Bytes) its transmission an almost insignificant amount of bandwidth of the RF path <figref>28</figref> consume. Therefore, the tax package <figref>36</figref> at a constant rate or with other predetermined intervals backwards and forwards are conducted.

The content fields <figref>40</figref> point preferably a Steuerpaketidentifikations- (ID) field <figref>42</figref>. a conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref>. an optical failure field <figref>46</figref>, A Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref>. a Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref>, A total received power field <figref>52</figref> and a total transmission power field <figref>54</figref> on. The tax package ID field<figref>42</figref> identified the ATM packet in which it is contained.

The conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> is preferably a single bit that permits that the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Resolve a conflict when there are two control packets <figref>36</figref> gives. In a normal operating is it only a control packet <figref>36</figref> give that between the Master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> flows. however generate the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> preferably while a Initialisierungsmodes both a control packet <figref>36</figref>, so that the presence of two short control packets <figref>36</figref> be solved have to be. While normal operation in an active mode or a standby mode to lead the master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> on single tax package <figref>36</figref> with the conflict resolver field <figref>24</figref> on an "operation" state or an "operation" indicator (z. B. a 1) set back and front. However, the master station produce<figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> in the Initialization mode both control packets <figref>36</figref> with the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> on an "initializing" state or an "initialization" indicator (z. B. a 0) is set, but the master station <figref>22</figref> change subsequently the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> in its tax package <figref>36</figref> of the initialization state to the operating state, as described below with reference to <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> is described, in front of a To lead the tax package <figref>36</figref> the slave station <figref>24</figref>, The master station<figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> throwing both any received control packet <figref>36</figref> away, the one set at the initialization conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> contains. Thus raises the master station <figref>22</figref> which upon initialization back received first tax package <figref>36</figref> away. The slave station<figref>24</figref> receives and processed on the other hand, the first control packet <figref>36</figref> of the Master station <figref>22</figref>Because the master station <figref>22</figref> the Resolver field <figref>44</figref> their first generated control packet is adjusted to the operating state. Therefore, after only one tax package <figref>36</figref> in the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Back and pushed forwards. The Master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave station <figref>24</figref> produce respectively the tax package <figref>36</figref> again when the tax package <figref>36</figref> of the other station is not within a predetermined time-out period receives. This time-out period may be configurable by a user.

The optical failure field <figref>46</figref> is preferably a single bit that the transmission state of the optical path <figref>26</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) indicating that if the opti&lt;?page 7?&gt;cal path <figref>26</figref> working properly or has failed. always When the master station<figref>22</figref> or the slave station <figref>24</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) owned by the tax package <figref>36</figref> and there is no appropriate signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> can detect and maximum at its optical power level transmits, then, the Master Station <figref>22</figref> or the slave station <figref>24</figref> the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on a "failure" status or a "failure" indicator a. on the other hand then sets whenever the master station <figref>22</figref> or the slave station <figref>24</figref> in the Possession of the tax package <figref>36</figref> and a suitable signal is in the optical path <figref>26</figref> can detect the master station <figref>22</figref> or the slave station <figref>24</figref> the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on an "OK" status or an "OK" indicator a. If it is in active mode and the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on the failure status is set, the hybrid compound switches <figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) From the active operating mode the standby mode in which the data on the RF path <figref>28</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Are communicated. When in standby mode a control packet with its optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on the OK state is received set, the hybrid compound switches <figref>20</figref> from Standby mode for active mode.

The Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> Has preferably two bits, set by the station the tax package <figref>36</figref> sends, namely set to indicate, whether the transmitted optical power level at the receiving station unchanged must be left, decremented or incremented. The Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld<figref>50</figref> preferably several bits indicating the amount by which the transmitting station the receiving station instructs its transmitted optical power level adjust. Thus, then the receiving station updated when the receiving station of the tax package <figref>36</figref> receives the the Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> includes, indicating that the power level elevated or must be lowered, and the receiving station from closes that the power level increases should be lowered or their transmitted optical power level according to the amount, by the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> appropriate becomes.

The total received power field <figref>52</figref> preferably a plurality of bits corresponding to the optical power level of the received signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Show. Upon receipt of the tax package<figref>36</figref> towards compares receiving station preferably the total received power field contained <figref>52</figref> With its local transmitted optical power level and / or the local received optical power level to further confirm any amount by which they adjust their transmitted optical power level have to be.

The total transmission power field <figref>54</figref> Has preferably several bits indicating the optical power level, wherein the station which the control packet <figref>36</figref> sends, the signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Sends. The total transmission power field<figref>54</figref> can the receiving station the optical power level at which the signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> sends, to the optical Power level at which the sending station, the signal in the optical path <figref>26</figref> sends, and compare, the optical power level synchronize or confirm a power level symmetry of operation.

More details regarding the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> are in <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref> shown. The master station<figref>22</figref> has generally a master optical transceiver (OT) <figref>56</figref>. a master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref>, A master transceiver interface unit (TIU) <figref>60</figref> and a master control interface unit (CIU) <figref>62</figref> on. equally , the slave station <figref>24</figref> generally a slave OT <figref>64</figref>. a slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref>, A slave TIU <figref>68</figref> and a slave CIU <figref>70</figref> on.

The master OT <figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> communicate with each other via the optical beams in optical path <figref>26</figref>That by the terrestrial space area <figref>30</figref> projected be or directed. Thus forming the master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> and the optical path <figref>26</figref> general an optical link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, equally communicate the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> each other via the in the RF path <figref>28</figref> about terrestrial space area <figref>30</figref> broadcast RF signals. Thus forming the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> and the RF path <figref>28</figref> generally an RF link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, Of the RF link portion communicates in parallel with the optical connection part the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, The RF link portion and the include optical connecting part both to the master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the master CIU <figref>62</figref> of the Master station <figref>22</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> and the Slave CIU the slave station <figref>24</figref> and use this.

The master OT <figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> and amplifying the optical beams in the optical path <figref>26</figref> For transmission and reception. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> analyze the status and control information the content fields <figref>40</figref> the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>), The opposite of the Station is received. Upon receipt of the tax package<figref>36</figref> down compares the master OT <figref>56</figref> its optical transmission power with the total transmission power information that the total transmission power field <figref>54</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is present, which the slave OT <figref>64</figref> the tax package <figref>36</figref> contained, and vice versa to maintain a symmetrical power operation. The master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> make the optical power level at which it in the optical beam optical path <figref>26</figref> send, based on the finding the received optical power of the other station, which the total received power field <figref>52</figref> the received control packet <figref>36</figref> carried becomes. &lt;?page 8?&gt;The tax package <figref>36</figref> is always at the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> updated. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> update the content fields <figref>40</figref> of tax package <figref>36</figref> with new control data, consisting of a detecting of the optical power level of the received optical beam and its transmitted optical power level are collected, and submit the updated tax package <figref>36</figref> of their each master TIU <figref>60</figref> or slave TIU 68 for guiding the opposite station.

The master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> to lead the data to their respective master OT <figref>56</figref> and slave OT <figref>64</figref> over a optical data I / O bus <figref>72</figref> or. <figref>74</figref>When the optical beam <figref>26</figref> without undue atmospheric Deterioration of signal strength and integrity function properly, ie in an active mode. The master TIU<figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>60</figref> receive the control packets <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) from their respective master OT <figref>56</figref> or slave OT <figref>64</figref> over a control bus <figref>76</figref> or 78. The master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> lead the tax package <figref>36</figref> in a data stream to their respective master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> or Slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> via an RF data I / O bus 80 and 82 for transmission to the receiving station. The master TIU<figref>60</figref> and the Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> Extract the tax package <figref>36</figref> out the stream of data from their respective RF transceivers <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref> arrives.

The master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> also switch seamlessly transfer the data to their respective RF transceivers <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref> either if the packet in the control <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Status and control information contained a failure in the optical path <figref>26</figref> indicating or then, if there is an absence of data by the optical path <figref>26</figref> come. Alternatively, the master TIU<figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> Data to either the respective master and slave OTs <figref>56</figref> and <figref>64</figref> or the respective master and slave RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref> simultaneously to lead, thereby providing a high-speed communication in the active mode ensure. In this case, the master TIU lead<figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> then, when the optical path <figref>26</figref> fails, data on the respective master and slave RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and 66 thereby ensuring communication availability in standby mode.

The control packets <figref>36</figref>, Regardless of whether it by the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> arose, are for processing to the master TIU <figref>60</figref> out. The control packets <figref>36</figref>Represented by the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> about your Slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> receive will be to the connected slave OT <figref>64</figref> without any further processing performed. Thus, processes the Master TIU <figref>60</figref> the control packets <figref>36</figref>At both Ends of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> be generated. The master TIU<figref>60</figref> reads the optical failure field <figref>46</figref>To switching from active to Standby perform. If either the master station <figref>22</figref> or the slave station <figref>24</figref> in front an optical loss warns the master TIU begins <figref>60</figref> the Switchover from active to standby mode. It is also the master TIU<figref>60</figref>. which the conflict resolver field <figref>49</figref> processed, a tax package <figref>36</figref> in continuous use to hold.

The slave TIU <figref>68</figref> detected, if there is an absence of activity along its optical data I / O bus 74 are, and includes the fact that the master TIU <figref>60</figref> already the switching process from active mode to standby mode has begun. In this case, the slave TIU switches<figref>68</figref> the Data to the RF path 28th

The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> is independently from specifications for the RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref>That in the entire hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> are fitted. Thus, the hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> the Flexibility, a variety of conventionally available RF system devices accommodate. For example, military User a radio system in military possession installing, property frequencies used, the assigned by the FCC are. additionally can provider a wireless service and wireless service providers that an RF license possess, use RF transceivers to work within the licensed RF wavelengths are developed.

If the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> the data and / or tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) from the master TIU <figref>60</figref> receives, it is preparing the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> for a broadcasting as RF signal before. The slave RF transceiver<figref>66</figref> on the receiving side detects the RF signal and processes the RF signal, to the transmitted digital signal (ie, the data and control packet <figref>36</figref>) recover before giving it to the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> sends. A similar process takes place for the current flowing in the opposite direction RF communications data and -Steuerpaket.

While Data about the optical path <figref>26</figref> flow in both directions, is the RF path <figref>28</figref> as a reliable path for sending and Receiving the control and status information in the control packet <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>). Wireless RF links are much more reliable as a wireless optical links, under difficult Weather conditions. Therefore, it is for the RF link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> preferable always the control and Status information to carry, although the optical path 26 for supporting the control and status information can be used under conditions may, under which optical signals of high quality over the Space area <figref>30</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) can be communicated, or if there is an equipment failure or a functional failure in the RF link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> given Has.

More details with respect to the optical Compound of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, Including Master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref>, are in <figref idrefs="S43">4</figref> shown. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> can overall its optical devices &lt;?page 9?&gt;or may be a conventional Converting contain optically electronically. The latter is the Incorporating error correction codes used and possibly an owner-header insertion. It is preferable that the optical connecting part of an adaptive Power control technology for optimal communication within the optical path <figref>26</figref> used.

The master OT <figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> are generally in terms of the structure and Operation equal. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> point each have an optical receiver aperture <figref>88</figref> and <figref>90</figref>. an optical preamplifier <figref>92</figref> and <figref>94</figref>. a channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> and <figref>98</figref>, a Control packet generator <figref>100</figref> and <figref>102</figref>, A transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> and <figref>106</figref> and an optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> and <figref>110</figref> on. control lines (Not shown) to each of these elements allow that the master and slave CIUs <figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Appropriate control signals to these Elements provide. The optical path<figref>26</figref> by terrestrial Space area <figref>30</figref> generally comprises a master-to-slave beam <figref>112</figref> on, by the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> sent and the optical receiver aperture <figref>90</figref> receive is, and a slave-to-master beam <figref>114</figref>Defined by the optical transmitter <figref>110</figref> is sent and by the optical receiver aperture <figref>88</figref> receive becomes.

Since the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> generally are the same, only the items and functions of the master OT <figref>56</figref> described. The same description applies to the corresponding elements of the slave OT <figref>64</figref>, The optical receiver aperture <figref>88</figref> receives the Slave to master beam <figref>114</figref> and sends it to the optical preamp <figref>92</figref>, The optical preamplifier <figref>92</figref> reinforces the Slave to master beam <figref>114</figref>If it is necessary to provide a discernible Communication signal to detect that contains the data, and depending of the signal strength, or the power of the slave-to-master beam <figref>114</figref>, Of the optical preamplifier <figref>92</figref> is only locally within the master OT <figref>56</figref> according to the optical power level the received optical power set. The amplified beam is on a data output path <figref>116</figref> the master TIU <figref>60</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Or on a data output path <figref>116</figref> to Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) delivered. The optical preamplifier<figref>92</figref> is the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> connected to a to deliver signal representing the power level of the slave-to-master beam <figref>114</figref> or the magnitude of a gain, the generating of the amplified is beam necessary displays. determined from this information the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> the quality of the slave-to-master beam <figref>114</figref> and sends this information to the control packet generator <figref>100</figref> and the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref>, The channel setting unit<figref>96</figref> implemented a conventional Digital signal processor (DSP) algorithm in either a conventional free field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a conventional DSP processing in combination with a conventional Microprocessor (not shown) of the master OT <figref>56</figref> controls.

The transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> receives the Beam quality signal by the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> and the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) From a control data input path <figref>118</figref>, Based on the beam quality signal by the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> and in Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And in the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Of the tax package <figref>36</figref> contained Information determines the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> the Quantity or the amount of power, if there is any, by which the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> an incoming optical signal on a data input path <figref>120</figref> adjusting n must to the outgoing Master-to-slave beam <figref>112</figref> to build. Thus leads, when the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) The tax package <figref>36</figref> receives the the Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> includes indicating that the transmitted increased optical power level must be or decreased, and the beam quality signal by the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> an inferential fixing supplies, the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> a signal the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref>To the transmitted optical power level according to the quantity updating, by the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> appropriate becomes. The optical transmitter<figref>108</figref> can not continuous Allow power setting, so that the power setting can be carried out by increments in small steps. The transmission power updating unit<figref>104</figref> implemented a usual Digital signal processor (DSP) algorithm in either a conventional field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a conventional DSP processing in combination with a conventional microprocessor (not shown) of the master OT <figref>56</figref> controls.

The optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> receives the incoming optical signal on the data input path <figref>120</figref> from the master TIU <figref>60</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) (Or the data input path <figref>120</figref> from the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>)). The data output path<figref>116</figref> and the data input path <figref>120</figref> generally form the optical data I / O bus <figref>72</figref>. of the master TIU <figref>60</figref> connecting (or the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref>. of the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> followed).

The control packet generator <figref>100</figref> receives the Beam quality signal by the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> and Leistungseinstelldaten from the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> and produces the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>). The control packet generator <figref>100</figref> generates the control packet <figref>36</figref> and leads it on a control data output path <figref>122</figref> to. The control data input path<figref>118</figref> and the control data output path <figref>122</figref> generally form the control bus <figref>76</figref> (or the control bus <figref>78</figref>). The control packet generator<figref>100</figref> implemented a conventional Digitalsig&lt;?page 10?&gt;nalprozessor (DSP) algorithm in either a conventional field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a conventional DSP processing in combination with the conventional microprocessor (not shown) of the master OT <figref>56</figref> controls.

Under difficult weather conditions For example, the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> a Deterioration of the optical signal from the optical path <figref>26</figref> capture, while he using a highest optical transmission power sends. In this situation, the master OT<figref>56</figref> then, if the master OT <figref>56</figref> the deterioration of the optical Beam detected, the optical failure field <figref>56</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Within the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) To the "failure" status and leaves the tax package <figref>36</figref> the master TIU <figref>60</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) on the control bus <figref>76</figref>, Otherwise, the slave-OT<figref>64</figref> then, when the slave OT <figref>64</figref> the deterioration of the optical beam captured, the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> to the "failure" status, and performs the control packet <figref>36</figref> to the Slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Via the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) And to the master TIU <figref>60</figref>, The master TIU <figref>60</figref> processes the control packet <figref>36</figref> of either the master station or the slave station to the data communication to the RF link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> to switch, thereby to establish the standby mode, when an optical Connection failure or an optical connection deterioration is detected. The slave OT<figref>64</figref> then stops receiving of data from the optical path <figref>26</figref>So that the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> the Absence of activity on its optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> recorded and the data to the RF link portion the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> switches, thereby to establish also the standby mode.

For a control packet <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) the in the master station <figref>22</figref> arises, the master sends RF Transceiver <figref>58</figref> the Control packet 36 to the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref>. the tax package the <figref>36</figref> the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Forwards. The slave TIU<figref>68</figref>, the probably the Turn already has performed to the standby mode, leads the tax package <figref>36</figref> for processing to the slave OT <figref>64</figref>,

When data through the RF path <figref>28</figref> flow, leads the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> a communicating control and status information between the master station and the slave station on the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Continued. The continued communication the tax package <figref>36</figref> leaves that the hybrid link 20 to switch back to the active mode, when the optical path <figref>26</figref> an improvement over his failed state shows. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> monitor the efficiency of the optical path <figref>26</figref> by attempting a synchronization bit stream at frequencies equal to exchange those for the optical transmission the data are used, while the Data through the RF path <figref>28</figref> be conducted. The synchronization bit stream is the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> generated and not to the master and slave Tius <figref>60</figref> and <figref>68</figref> transfer. The synchronization bitstream is also during initialization to align the master and slave OTs <figref>56</figref> and <figref>64</figref> used before the data is communicated between them.

It is preferable that the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Always equal power or symmetrical to the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) And the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Supply, and vice versa. Furthermore, the entire switching between the active mode occurs and the standby mode without transition and no data loss.

Under normal operating conditions lead and normal weather conditions the master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> the data to and from the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>). transmitted During initialization However, the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> the Synchronization bitstream using maximum optical Power. Then put in a function of the amount of received optical power at each station <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> of the Master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> the sent optical power level of their optical transmitters <figref>108</figref> or. 110 (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) A, not the respective receiving optical preamplifier <figref>94</figref> and <figref>92</figref> in saturation bring to. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> will due to the symmetrical power control properties of the optical Connecting part of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>That described above are both using the same optical power level will work.

If the optical connection part the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> at initialization time is optimized, form the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Both the tax package and send each to the master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> among Using the respective control buses <figref>76</figref> and <figref>78</figref>, While of waiting for a reception of the control packet <figref>36</figref> to keep the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> a monitoring of the optical path <figref>26</figref> using the received optical power level at. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> put their transmitted power level to a receiving, a processing and updating the contents the tax package <figref>36</figref> a, as described above.

The RF path <figref>28</figref> provides a reliable road and reliable Way to synchronize the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Is available, that each adjusts its power while the other waits for that he takes his turn. In this case, the master OT are<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> each its transmitted power level only set, if it considers the tax package. Thus the tax package is for synchronizing the power setting between the master and slave stations, and for allowing the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> each &lt;?page 11?&gt;synchronized its transmit power level according to the reception level the other OT <figref>64</figref> or <figref>56</figref> adjusts.

In an alternative technique for Updating the transmitted optical power of the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> and <figref>110</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Updated the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) its transmit power only based on the optical power, the by the optical receiver <figref>88</figref> and <figref>90</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Will be received. however , while one of the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> just its transmitted power level based on the received optical Power setting, the other from the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> just its transmitted power in the opposite Set direction. Thus, the hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) In oscillation modes fall, in which the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> on kept adjusting its transmitted power level in the reverse direction and forward direction. This situation reduces the efficiency of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> and is therefore not preferred.

During an initialization, as described above, generate the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> each control pacts <figref>36</figref>And each OT represents the conflict resolver field first <figref>68</figref> on the "initialization" status a. Each OT sends the control packet <figref>36</figref> each for guiding to the other station. While an operation in active mode or standby mode after initialization ask the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> for sure, that the tax package the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> set to the "operation" status Has. The master OT<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> throw also any received control packet away, the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> contains the to "initialize" state or status is set. Thus, the master OT raises<figref>56</figref> the first tax package <figref>36</figref> away from the slave OT <figref>64</figref> receive becomes. The slave OT<figref>64</figref> receives and processes on the other hand the first tax package <figref>36</figref> from the master OT <figref>56</figref>, there the master station <figref>22</figref> the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> in this Tax package to "operation" status changed. additionally generate the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> each the tax package <figref>36</figref> new when the tax package <figref>36</figref> not receives from the other side within the defined time frame.

The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> can be controlled to switch between the active mode and the standby mode an operation switch by externally applied control signals, as well as the result of an internal hard setting the quality of the optical Beam in the optical path in the manner just described. The Master and slave CIUs <figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> , computers Modems or other types of Netzwerksteuer- and -überwachungsvorrichtungen comprise the control signals to the external switching of operation modes out. Therefore, the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> via a local or a remote monitored control system be and controlled. If the hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> for an external Controller is configured to instruct the master and slave CIUs <figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> the Master and slave TIUS <figref>60</figref> and <figref>68</figref>. the master and slave OTs <figref>56</figref> and <figref>64</figref> and the master and slave RF transceivers <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>), The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> to monitor and control. additionally reserves the master TIU <figref>60</figref> an updated copy of the most recent tax package <figref>36</figref>. pointed to by the master CIU <figref>62</figref> be accessed can. Thus, the master and slave CIUs command<figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> each the master and slave TIUS <figref>60</figref> and <figref>68</figref>, Switching conduct between the active mode and the standby mode. The Master and / or slave CIU <figref>62</figref> or <figref>70</figref> can a Command to switch to or from the standby mode for system maintenance, device updates or otherwise with respect to the performance the data transmission spend in the optical path. If the hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> internally is controlled, however, there is the shift from the active mode to standby mode automatically upon failure or degradation an optical beam due to difficult weather conditions or a failure of either the master OT <figref>56</figref> or the slave OT <figref>64</figref> out automatically. Switching back then carried to the active mode automatically when the atmospheric conditions the clearance region <figref>30</figref> recover sufficiently to a reliability and effectiveness in communicating the optical signal through the optical path <figref>26</figref> to disposal deliver. Thus, the master and slave CIUs play<figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> the Role of a remote control interface unit that the Master and slave TIUS <figref>60</figref> and <figref>68</figref>, The master and slave OTs <figref>56</figref> and <figref>64</figref> and the master and slave RF transceivers <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref> commands. With both a master CIU <figref>62</figref> and a slave CIU <figref>70</figref>. the independent provide control at both ends of the communication path is available, the useful to support a modular implementation of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> are, is a respective station <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> independently operated.

The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> can be implemented in different ways. The master and Slave CIUs <figref>62</figref> and <figref>70</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) can as remote control interface units to configure, maintaining or servicing and controlling the master and slave OTs <figref>56</figref> and <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) be used. In the absence of the RF link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> or the master and / or slave TIU <figref>60</figref> and or <figref>68</figref>. is a user the level of an optical amplifier and a preamplifier the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> and <figref>110</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) And the optical pre-amplifier <figref>62</figref> or. <figref>94</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) dependent on of the distance between the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> configure.

In a further alternative implementation , the RF path <figref>28</figref> Data independent of the data bear, by the optical path <figref>26</figref>&lt;?page 12?&gt;be worn. otherwise expressed both the optical path <figref>26</figref> as well as the RF path <figref>28</figref> completely the same for the Communication of data utilized. In this case, the hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> without the presence of either the master TIU <figref>60</figref> or the Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) be installed. In this case, the master OT work<figref>56</figref> and the slave OT <figref>69</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) independently of the master and slave RF transceivers <figref>58</figref> and <figref>66</figref>, Thus generated neither the master OT <figref>56</figref> nor the slave OT <figref>64</figref> control packets <figref>36</figref>,

More details with respect to the master TIU <figref>60</figref> are in <figref idrefs="S44">5</figref> shown. The master TIU<figref>60</figref> has generally a switch <figref>124</figref>, A multiplexer <figref>125</figref>. a demultiplexer <figref>126</figref>, A microprocessor <figref>127</figref> and a buffer <figref>128</figref> on. connect control cables (not shown) generally the master CIU <figref>62</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) With the microprocessor <figref>127</figref>So that the master CIU <figref>62</figref> the Master TIU <figref>60</figref> remotely control can. The I / O signal path<figref>32</figref> generally includes the switch <figref>124</figref> on the buffer <figref>128</figref> in to send and receive data. Under the normal active operating mode, the switch performs <figref>124</figref> the Data about the optical data I / O bus <figref>72</figref> the master OT <figref>56</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>). The desk<figref>124</figref> is to multiplexer <figref>125</figref> and the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref> connected. In standby mode, the switch sends <figref>124</figref> the data on the multiplexer <figref>125</figref> and an outgoing RF path 129 to Master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) And receives the switch <figref>124</figref> the data from the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> over a incoming RF path <figref>130</figref> and the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref>, The desk <figref>124</figref> leads characterized the data on the RF link portion the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref>, The continuous outward RF path<figref>129</figref> and the incoming RF path <figref>130</figref> generally form the RF data I / O bus <figref>80</figref> in between the master TIU <figref>60</figref> and the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref>,

multiplexer <figref>125</figref> multiplexes generally the control packet and the data and the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref> demultiplexes generally the control packet and the data, in the standby mode. In active mode, there are, however, generally no additional Data with respect to which multiplexes the control packet or demultiplexes , since the data on the master OT <figref>56</figref> ( <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) are sent in the active mode. In other words, contains the information obtained by either the master TIU <figref>60</figref> or the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> of the respective master or slave RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> or <figref>66</figref> receive is always the tax package <figref>36</figref> from the other station. When the RF path <figref>28</figref> ( <figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) the data transfers, extract the master and slave TIUS <figref>60</figref> and <figref>68</figref> the control packets <figref>36</figref> from the incoming RF data stream before a To lead the data to the I / O signal path <figref>32</figref> or. <figref>34</figref>, The master TIU<figref>60</figref> processed the tax package <figref>36</figref> and supplies it to the master OT <figref>56</figref>. whereas the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> the tax package without any Further processing to the slave OT <figref>64</figref> leads.

The control bus <figref>76</figref> is with the microprocessor <figref>127</figref>, The multiplexer <figref>125</figref> and the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref> connected so that the tax package between each of these elements and the master OT <figref>56</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Can run. that the Master OT <figref>56</figref> received tax package is the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> and multiplexer <figref>125</figref> out. Of the multiplexer <figref>125</figref> multiplexes the control packet with the switch <figref>124</figref> received data, if necessary, and leads the tax package to the master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) For transmission to the slave station <figref>24</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>). Launched by the slave station<figref>24</figref> on the Master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> received Control packet is demultiplexed with respect to the data when it is necessary namely by the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref>, And the Control bus 76 to the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> and the master OT <figref>56</figref> out. Of the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> processes the control packet, whether it from the master OT <figref>56</figref> or from the slave station <figref>24</figref> receive is to determine whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) To the active operating mode or to put it into standby mode. microprocessor<figref>127</figref> is to the switch <figref>124</figref> connected to receive a control signal Send to, to cause that the switch <figref>124</figref> in between the active mode and the standby mode depending on the content of the tax package <figref>36</figref> switches.

During an initialization, the above is described, it is the microprocessor <figref>127</figref>, On the a reception of the control packet 36 from the master OT <figref>56</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) With a conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is set at "Initalisierungs" status towards the information of the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> the "operation" status changes. For any another tax package <figref>36</figref> allows the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> the Resolver field <figref>44</figref> unchanged.

In active mode, and when the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> the tax package with an optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is set to the "failure" status receives, the microprocessor initiates <figref>127</figref> switching from the active Mode to Standby Mode. In standby mode and if the microprocessor<figref>127</figref> the tax package <figref>36</figref> with an optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on set the "OK" status receives, the microprocessor initiates <figref>127</figref> switching from the standby mode the active mode. additionally leads the Master station <figref>22</figref> switching from active mode to standby mode even without a set to the "failure" status optical failure field <figref>46</figref> by when the master switch <figref>124</figref> therein fails, a signal along the optical link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> to capture.

When working in the active operating mode , the switch <figref>124</figref> by the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> controlled, the data from the I / O signal path <figref>32</figref> and from the buffer <figref>128</figref> to the optical data I / O bus <figref>72</figref> to deliver.

More details with respect to the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> are in <figref idrefs="S44">6</figref> shown. The slave TIU<figref>68</figref> has generally a switch <figref>131</figref>, A multiplexer <figref>132</figref>. a demultiplexer <figref>133</figref> and a buffer <figref>134</figref> on, the &lt;?page 13?&gt;each respect a function equal to the switch <figref>124</figref>, The multiplexer 125, the demultiplexer <figref>126</figref> and the buffer <figref>128</figref> are, in the <figref idrefs="S44">5</figref> are shown. The Function of the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> is equal to the function of the master TIU <figref>60</figref> ( <figref idrefs="S44">5</figref>). However, although the slave TIU<figref>68</figref> a Microprocessor (not shown) may include, not processed the tax package <figref>36</figref>As the master TIU <figref>60</figref> does (please refer <figref idrefs="S44">5</figref>). Therefore, the function for determining whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> in is to switch the active mode or the standby mode, fully in the master TIU <figref>60</figref> performed. The slave TIU<figref>68</figref> on the other hand, between modes depending whether data actually on the optical data I / O bus <figref>56</figref> received. Control lines (not shown) connect commonly the slave CIU <figref>70</figref> ( <figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) With the elements of Slave TIU <figref>68</figref> For a remote control it.

The desk <figref>131</figref> is with the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref>, The buffer 139, the multiplexer <figref>132</figref> and the demultiplexer <figref>133</figref> connected. In active mode sends and receives the desk <figref>131</figref> the data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>). In standby mode leads the desk <figref>131</figref> the data from the I / O signal path <figref>34</figref> and from buffer <figref>134</figref> to the multiplexer <figref>132</figref> and according to a Outside continuous RF path <figref>135</figref> and from an incoming RF path <figref>136</figref> and from the demultiplexer <figref>133</figref> to buffer <figref>134</figref> and for I / O signal path <figref>34</figref>, The outward continuous RF path <figref>135</figref> and the incoming RF path <figref>136</figref> form generally the RF data I / O bus <figref>82</figref> between the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> and the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>). The desk <figref>131</figref> switches upon detecting from the active Mode to Standby Mode, the no data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> available are, since the lack of data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> on evidence is that the master TIU <figref>60</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) has switched to standby mode. Thus, the switch lead<figref>131</figref> especially, and the slave TIU 68 in general, the function of a signal leader for To lead the data about the suitable optical path or RF path through.

The control bus <figref>78</figref> is with the multiplexer <figref>132</figref> and the demultiplexer <figref>133</figref> connected, so that the tax package between each of these elements and the slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) Can extend. That the slave OT<figref>56</figref> received Tax package is to multiplexer <figref>132</figref> out. Of the multiplexer <figref>132</figref> multiplexes the control packet <figref>36</figref> With the switch from <figref>131</figref> received data, if necessary, and leads the control packet to the slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) For transmission to the master station <figref>22</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>). That of the master station<figref>22</figref> on the Slave RF transceiver <figref>66</figref> received control packet is made the data by the demultiplexer <figref>133</figref> demultiplexes when it necessary is, and over the control bus <figref>78</figref> the slave OT <figref>64</figref> out. The Tax package is preferably not in some way within the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> processed, but is only between the RF data I / O bus <figref>82</figref> and the control <figref>78</figref> performed because the function of switching between the active mode and the Standby mode on the detection by the conventional circuit in the switch <figref>131</figref> about the Absence of data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> automatically accomplished becomes.

The master TIU <figref>60</figref> processed the control and status information in the control packet between the master OT <figref>56</figref>, The master RF transceiver <figref>58</figref> and the master CIU <figref>62</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) flows. The master TIU <figref>60</figref> contains the buffer <figref>128</figref> for dynamically storing and down-conversion the data rate of the of the I / O signal path <figref>56</figref> received Data when switching the operating mode from the optical path <figref>26</figref> to the RF path <figref>28</figref> is commissioned. The buffer<figref>128</figref> becomes used to store data until the rest of the communication network or system (not shown) to which the I / O signal paths <figref>32</figref> and <figref>34</figref> (<figref idrefs="S40">1</figref>) Are connected, dependent is, its data transfer rate to adjust for the lower data transmission rate through the RF path <figref>28</figref> to fit. The stored data can then retransmit be if a lesser loss of data during the switching process from active mode to standby mode due to a delay between an end-to-end switching of a data transfer rate of a communication network or system occurs. The size of the buffer<figref>128</figref> becomes selected to high-speed interface protocols to support, and the data rates at which bits from the buffer <figref>128</figref> extracted be able be configured to support those interfaces.

The slave TIU <figref>68</figref> contains the buffer <figref>134</figref> for dynamic Saving and mixing down the input data rate of the I / O signal path <figref>56</figref> received Data, when a shift from the optical path <figref>26</figref> the RF path <figref>28</figref> is commissioned. The buffer <figref>128</figref> is used for storing data, to the rest of the network (not shown) to which the I / O signal paths <figref>56</figref> and <figref>58</figref> affiliated are about is informed, its transmission speed humiliate. The stored data can then retransmit be if a lesser loss of data during the switching process of an active state to a standby state due to a delay between an end-to-end switching occurs. The size of the buffer<figref>128</figref> becomes selected to all high-speed interface protocols to support, and the data rates at which bits from the buffer <figref>128</figref> extracted be able be configured to support those interfaces.

A general adaptive power control procedure, by the control packet generator <figref>100</figref> and <figref>102</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Of each of the master OT <figref>56</figref> and the Slave OT <figref>64</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) accomplished is to assess the received optical power level, the transmitted optical power level a&lt;?page 14?&gt;identify and the control packet <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Assemble, is in <figref idrefs="S45">7</figref> shown. The adaptive Power control procedure operates in both the active mode than even in standby mode. In active mode, the adaptive power control procedure the optical transmitted power level based on the information a, the control packet in the received <figref>36</figref> is supported, and the power level of the optical reception path <figref>26</figref>, The adaptive power control procedure updates the content fields <figref>40</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Of the tax package <figref>36</figref> in front a sending of the tax package <figref>36</figref> via the terrestrial space area <figref>30</figref>, in the Standby Mode reserves the adaptive power control procedure maximum power transfer in and update the tax package not until the optical connection part the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> communication improvement shows. In standby mode, the optical failure field<figref>46</figref> always Show a "failure" status, until the optical link portion of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> adequate for data transmission becomes. Then changes the optical failure field 46 to the "OK" status display, which allows, that the active operating mode is resumed.

The adaptive power control procedure starts at step <figref>142</figref>, In a step<figref>144</figref> is determined, whether the tax package <figref>36</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) has been received. If it is not so, then delivers the procedure in a loop in step <figref>144</figref> , and waits that the control packet is received. If the determination at step <figref>144</figref> is positive, ie the control packet received has been, then, the various content fields <figref>40</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) At step <figref>146</figref> extracted. In a step <figref>148</figref> it is determined whether the received Resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Indicates that the received tax package <figref>36</figref> was generated in the initialization stage, when the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> on the "initialization" state (z. B. a 0) is set. If it is so, the control packet is discarded and the procedure skips back to step <figref>144</figref>To wait for the next control packet. If the determination at step <figref>148</figref> is negative, ie the tax package was not generated at the initialization, are then, at step <figref>150</figref> the local parameters (Z. B. the local total received power based on the beam quality signal by the channel setting unit <figref>96</figref> or <figref>98</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) And the local total transmitted power based on the setting of the transmission power updating unit <figref>104</figref> or <figref>106</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>)), The updating the tax package will be used, read or recovered.

In a step <figref>152</figref> becomes determines whether the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Indicates that the optical link portion the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> is operating properly, thereby exhibiting an "OK" status. If it is so, then at step <figref>154</figref> determines whether a failure of the optical connector of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> local shows what can happen in the situation when the optical Compound of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> deteriorated rapidly, than for the tax package <figref>36</figref> lasts from one station to another to run. If it is not so, it is assumed that the hybrid compound 20 operates in the active mode, and it is determined whether the transmitted optical power level upward, downward, or at all does not have to be set, in accordance with the value of Empfangsleistungseinstellfelds <figref>48</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) At step <figref>156</figref>, If the determination at step <figref>156</figref> is negative, the control packet at step <figref>158</figref> updated. If the determination at step <figref>156</figref> is positive, that is, the is transmitted optical power level set, then the transmitted optical power level of the optical transmitter <figref>108</figref> or <figref>110</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) At step 160 according to the value set of the Empfangsleistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) is shown. The tax package is subsequently in step <figref>158</figref> updated. After the Control packet at step <figref>158</figref> has been updated ends the adaptive power control procedure in step <figref>161</figref>,

If the tax package <figref>36</figref> at the step <figref>158</figref> is updated, the conflict resolver field remains <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Unchanged. Dependent on whether the local total received power from a minimum Threshold and the local total transmitted power is already on her Is set to maximum, the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> adjusted to show a "failure" status. Otherwise, the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> adjusted the "OK" status to reflect. The Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> becomes adjusted to take into account the "unchanged" status if the local total received power between the minimum threshold and a maximum threshold. The Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> becomes set to the "Raise" status, if the local total received power of the minimum threshold is and the local total transmitted power is not yet maximized. The Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> is set to the "decrement" status, if the local total received power above the maximum threshold is. If the Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> is set, to the "enhancement" - or "decrement" display status, then the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld is <figref>50</figref> to the amount set, by which the optical power level for the opposite station <figref>22</figref> or <figref>24</figref> needs to be changed, namely dependent on of the values ​​of the local total received power and the local Total transmit power. The total received power field<figref>52</figref> and the total transmit power field <figref>54</figref> are the values ​​of the local total received power and the local total transmitted power load.

If the determination at step <figref>154</figref> positive , which indicates that the optical connection part failed locally is, then the control packet at step <figref>162</figref> updated. If the tax package &lt;?page 15?&gt;at step <figref>152</figref> is updated remains the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Unchanged. The optical failure field<figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is adjusted to the "failure" display status. The Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Are both preferably set to zero, since an optical loss is only displayed if it is not possible is, the transmitted optical power level continues to increase, and since it undesirable is to decrease the transmitted optical power level when an optical failure is indicated. The total received power field<figref>52</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And the total transmit power field <figref>54</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Are the values the local total received power and the local total transmitted power Loading.

If the determination at step <figref>152</figref> negative , ie the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Indicates that the optical connection box has failed, then the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> switching from the have begun active operating mode to standby mode, and in step <figref>164</figref> it is determined whether a failure of the optical connector is also displayed locally. If it so is the optical connection member is not in operation, and the hybrid compound is still in standby mode, and the control packet is thus in step <figref>166</figref> updated. The conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is unchanged. The optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) is held at the "failure" status. The Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Are preferably to zero set. The total received power field<figref>52</figref> ( <figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And the total transmit power field <figref>59</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Are the values the local total received power and the local total transmitted power Loading. After updating the control packet at step 166 the procedure ends at step <figref>161</figref>,

If the determination at step <figref>164</figref> negative , indicating that the local optical link adapter correctly works, then it is assumed that the optical path <figref>26</figref> themselves has recovered, and the tax package is thus in step <figref>168</figref> updated. When updating the control packet at step <figref>168</figref> remains the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Unchanged. Dependent on on whether the local total received power at a minimum threshold is already set and the local total transmitted power to its maximum is, the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is set to the "failure" status. Otherwise, the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> on the "OK" status set. The Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is set to "unchanged" to indicate when the local total received power between the minimum threshold and a maximum threshold. The Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> is set, an "increase" indicate when the local total received power of the minimum threshold is and the local total transmitted power is not yet maximized. The Leistungseinstellfeld <figref>48</figref> is set to indicate "increase" when the local total received power above the maximum threshold is. If the Leistungseinstellfeld<figref>48</figref> is set, to "increase" or "decrease" indicate then is the Leistungseinstellbetragsfeld <figref>50</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Is set to the amount by which the optical power level for the opposite station <figref>22</figref> or <figref>24</figref> be changed must, depending of the values ​​of the local total received power and the local Total transmit power. The total received power field<figref>52</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) And the total transmit power field <figref>54</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Are the values the local total received power and the local total transmitted power Loading. After updating the control packet at step<figref>168</figref> ends the procedure in step <figref>161</figref>,

A procedure for the master TIU <figref>60</figref> (<figref idrefs="S42">3</figref>) For switching between the active mode and the standby mode under the control of the microprocessor <figref>127</figref> (<figref idrefs="S44">5</figref>) Is in <figref idrefs="S46">8</figref> shown. The procedure starts with a step <figref>170</figref>, In a step<figref>171</figref> is determined, whether the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) In tax package <figref>36</figref> adjusted is to indicate initialization. If so, then at a step <figref>172</figref> the conflict resolver field <figref>44</figref> changed to "Operation". The change done for the initial tax package <figref>36</figref>That upon initialization of the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> down is produced. In a step<figref>173</figref> it is determined whether the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) is set to indicate the "OK" status. If so, then at step <figref>174</figref> certainly, whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> currently working in standby mode. If so, then the command is to switch from standby mode to active mode in a step <figref>176</figref> output. After that the procedure ends at step <figref>178</figref>, If the determination at step <figref>174</figref> is negative, that is, the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> current operates in active mode, then there is no need to switch the operating mode, and the procedure ends at step <figref>178</figref>,

If the determination at step <figref>173</figref> negative , ie the optical failure field <figref>46</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) The "failure" status indicates the tax package, then, at step <figref>180</figref> determines whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> (<figref idrefs="S41">2</figref>) Currently in active mode is working. If so, the command is used to switch the active Fashion to standby mode at a step <figref>182</figref> output and the procedure ends subsequently in step <figref>178</figref>, If the determination at step <figref>180</figref> is negative, ie the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> currently working in standby mode, then there is no need to switch the mode, and the procedure ends at step <figref>178</figref>,

A procedure for the slave TIU <figref>68</figref> to the Switching between the active mode and the standby mode then, that the switch <figref>131</figref> (<figref idrefs="S44">6</figref>) automatically the absence of data on &lt;?page 16?&gt;the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Recognized in <figref idrefs="S47">9</figref> shown. The procedure starts at step <figref>184</figref>, In a step<figref>186</figref> becomes determines whether data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> available are. If so, then at step<figref>188</figref> certainly, whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> is currently in standby mode. If it is so, then, the switch <figref>131</figref> in step <figref>190</figref> from the standby mode to an active mode, because the presence of optical displaying data on the I / O bus, that the optical path is now in operation is. Thereafter, the procedure ends at step<figref>192</figref>, If the Determination at step <figref>188</figref> is negative, that is, the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> current is in the active mode, then there is no need for switching the Modes, and the procedure ends at step <figref>192</figref>,

If the determination at step 186 is negative, ie no data on the optical data I / O bus <figref>74</figref> (<figref idrefs="S43">4</figref>) Are present, at step <figref>194</figref> determines whether the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> current operates in active mode. If so, the switch turns<figref>131</figref> at a step <figref>196</figref> from active mode to a standby mode, because the absence of optical data on the optical data I / O bus a failed communication indicative of the optical path. Thereafter, the procedure ends at step<figref>192</figref>, If the determination at step <figref>194</figref> is negative, ie the hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> is currently in standby mode, then there is no need to switch the mode, and the procedure ends at step <figref>192</figref>,

The hybrid compound <figref>20</figref> Has the advantage of a high-speed communication through the optical Joint, combined with a reliable communication path for control and status information, as well as a backup communication path over the RF link portion of the hybrid compound. The hybrid compound<figref>20</figref> loses in communication speed or -bandbreite on switching the flow of data from the optical connecting portion for RF link portion out, but the overall data communication is still at a lower rate maintained. The reliability and availability the RF link portion allows the reliable exchange of tax and status data between the master and slave stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> to all times, and thus can synchronization and power symmetry of the master and slave station <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> even under adverse atmospheric conditions for maintaining optimum utilization of the optical connector will. Even if the optical link portion has failed, is the control and status information regarding the optical link portion nor between the master and slave stations <figref>22</figref> and <figref>24</figref> together used. Many other advantages and improvements will be professionals in the field will become apparent after a full understanding and understanding of the present invention have obtained.

Presently preferred embodiments the invention and its improvements with a degree of particularity been described. The description is of a preferred embodiment accomplished been. It should be understood that the scope of the present invention by the following claims is defined, and not unnecessarily from the detailed description of the above-identified preferred embodiment limited should be.