Ring hybrid transformer for microwaves - has closed loop containing two-pole networks interacting with line lengths to decouple two outputs

The invention relates to a transmitter for very short electromagnetic waves, consisting of a self-contained line loop, are connected to the at least three lines in such mutual decency that in one of the lines fed electromagnetic waves to the other Both lines are distributed and the other of the two newspapers are mutually decoupled (ring hybrid).

Devices of the aforementioned type are often referred to as Leistuisteiler. They are also bekarzjt under the Bach term "ring hybrid", the electrical line lengths between the individual connection points within the closed conductor loop are different depending on the training. Above all, statements in the USA patents 2 147 809 and 2 244 756 are found in the literature.

It is often necessary to lock certain frequencies at the same time or complete them in the initial order. For example, in the parallel connection of two amplifiers, the first and second harmonics are to be suppressed, and in the case of push-pull mixers in the microwave range, a defined conclusion of the sum frequency and the double oscillator frequency.

The invention has for its object to provide a solution for such a device, with which the above requirements are met at the same time space-saving design.

This object is achieved in a Ubertrager the introductory type in such a way that at the respective connection points of the lines Roaktanzzweipole are connected with such reactance course that they have a series resonance to be blocked for a predetermined number of frequencies in each case and that the I, eitungslangen and cells resistances in the gap between the individual terminals, which are so dimensioned, d & ß in interaction with the susceptances of the Reaktanzzweipole in the operating frequency range, the decoupling conditioner are met.

The Reaktanzzweipole are formed in an advantageous manner as spur lines, of which, if appropriate, several are connected in parallel at the respective connection points.

In an advantageous embodiment of the subject invention is further provided that have the line sections between the decoupled inputs and outputs in their middle capacitively acting line approaches.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Ausführungsbei play.

1 shows a known transformer (ring hybrid), in which four Leitungsabechnitte are joined together to form a closed Beiterschleife and Fig. 2 to 7 transformer with inventive design.

The known device of Figure 1 operates in such a way that when feeding electromagnetic waves into the terminal 1, these waves are divided into the terminals 3 and 4, while the terminal 2 is decoupled. In order for the impedance ratios in this circuit to meet the requirements, these are usually dimensioned so that the loop part to terminal 1 and 2 and the loop part to terminal 3 and 4 have the characteristic impedance ZO, while the loop part between the terminals 1 and 3 and the terminals 2 and 4 each have the value.

The take-off lengths of the individual Beitungsabschnitte are A / 4, where A is the average operating frequency of the given in this arrangement single Betriebsfrequen; understood area; Reflections in the context of the invention have shown that a quadrupole, in which one replaces the low-impedance lines of the characteristic impedance by a general quadrupole and arranges stubs at the branch points, at the center frequency of the hybrid, the same four-pole phase w in a modification to the known 3 dB hybrid and has the same quadripole resistance.

Thus, the properties are retained as power dividers at the center frequency of the original hybrid.

Because of the frequency response of the quadrupole wave resistance ZW (f) and the nonlinear phase response of the quadrupole phase #W (f), the frequency characteristics of the power split, the decoupling and the reflection factor change. The correspondingly dimensioned idling stub lines represent, for example, at twice the center frequency of the original hybrid short circuits, so that this frequency is blocked.

In Figure 2, such an arrangement is shown, wherein all lines, ie. Both the individual lines of the Beiterschleife between the individual branch points and the stub lines 5 to 8 each have the characteristic impedance Z0. The electrical length or the phase dimension 0 of the Beitungsabschnitte between the terminals 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 is unchanged A / 4, or 900, while the line sections between the terminals 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 and the stubs 5 to 8 have an electrical length or a phase dimension of A / 8 and 450, respectively. The idling # # m / 8 stubs 5 to 8 are short circuits at twice the center frequency of the original hybrid, so that this frequency is disabled. This effect can be used in a push-pull mixer with relatively small frequency spacing of the oscillator and Einpfangsfrequenz advantageously to lock the resulting Su = frequency f fe + 9 and short the double oscillator frequency and in the parallel connection of two amplifiers to suppress the first and second harmonics.

For a ring hybrid having the characteristic impedances ZL1 and ZL2 for the joining sections between the terminals 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 or 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and the electrical length or the phase dimension 61 or # 2 for the individual line sections, the following apply Relationships: For a length of # m / 8 stub lines for the suppression of twice the center frequency, the electrical length or phase dimension e3 of the stubs is 45 °. For the characteristic impedance ZL3 of the stub lines the general mathematical relations for the electrical length or the phase length e3 and the characteristic impedance Z of the stubs are These equations therefore apply to the Pall, that a frequency other than twice the center frequency should be blocked. If you want to lock several frequencies now, the stubs are replaced at the branch points of the ring hybrid by more general reactance dipoles, the attenuation poles for the frequencies to be suppressed and for the center frequency have the susceptibility B, where B results from the equation for the characteristic impedance, when you sit down.

In the arrangement according to FIG. 2, capacitively acting line projections 9 and 10 are attached to the joining sections between the decoupled inputs and outputs, with the aid of which a slight variation of the power distribution is possible. The length and characteristic impedance of the relevant stakes and the impedance of the stubs shall be measured with a slight deviation from their normal value. A subsequent correction or

a subsequent adjustment to the exact center frequency is possible by changing the length of the stub lines 5 to 8.

In the ring hybrid illustrated in FIG. 3, the reactance bipoles at B1 (f) and B2 (f) which are arranged at the individual branching points and which have damping peaks at the frequencies to be suppressed are designated. The characteristic impedance between the terminals 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 are with ZB1 and their electrical length or the phase measurement is denoted by 91, the characteristic impedance of the line sections between the terminals 1 and 2 and 3 and 4- with ZB2 and their electrical length or phase dimension with # 2, Figures 4 and 5 each show an embodiment of a ring hybrid with stubs, at the frequencies f # 1 = 2 f2 and f # 2 = 2 f0 should be suppressed. In the first embodiment, two stubs are arranged at each connection point of the individual Beitungsabschr: itte each of which has one at each connection point an attenuation pole on the frequency 2 fe and elne an attenuation pole on the frequency 2 fO. In the other embodiment according to Figure 5, two stubs are arranged at the branch points at the terminal 3 and 4, each of which has a Dämpfiingspol on the frequency 2 f and at the frequency 2 fO, while at the branch points at the terminals 1 and 2 only one stub is arranged, which has a damping pole on the Prequenz 2 fe or 2 fO.

Correspondingly, two embodiments of a ring hybrid with stubs are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, in which the frequencies f21 = 2 fm and f> D2 = 3 fm are to be blocked. The spur lines at the connection points here have attenuation poles on the frequencies to be suppressed 2 fm and 3 fm at two branch lines at a branch point and 2 or 3 fm at a branch line at a branch point.

3 Claims 7 figures