Surface sizing of paper with an acrylic copolymer where scum formation is minimized
Abstract
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Term
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Expired 24 May 1994, 32.3 years ago.
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2 claims: 2 independent, 0 dependent
- 1Patentansprüche:claims: 1. Paper surface sizing agent characterized by the content of a copolymeric compound having at least one structural unit (A) of the following general formula (1) 1. Mittel zur Oberflächenleimung von Papier, gekennzeichnet durch den Gehalt einer copolymeren Verbindung, die mindestens eine Struktureinheit (A) der folgenden allgemeinen Formel (1) -CH1-C- -CH1-C- COOR COOR wherein Ri is hydrogen or the methyl group and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, worin Ri Wasserstoff oder die Methylgruppe und R einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten, and at least one structural unit (B) of the following general formula (2) und mindestens eine Struktureinheit (B) der folgenden allgemeinen Formel (2) -CH2-C- -CH2-C- COOM1 COOM1 wherein R2 Hydrogen or the methyl group and Mi an alkali metal, worin R2 Wasserstoff oder die Methylgruppe und Mi ein Alkalimetall bedeuten, and at least one structural unit (C) of the following general formula (3) und mindestens eine Struktureinheit (C) der folgenden allgemeinen Formel (3) R3 -CH2-C- R3 -CH2-C- COOM2 COOM2 wherein R3 Hydrogen or the methyl group and M2 an ammonium radical or the cation of a lower alkylamine, hydrogen or a mixture thereof and optionally one or more additional structural units (D) having as olefinic olefinic double bonds, and the copolymeric compound has a carboxyl equivalent of 90 to 500, based on the free carboxyl groups , and whose structural units (B) and (C) are in a molar ratio of 5:95 to 50:50. worin R3 Wasserstoff oder die Methylgruppe und M2 ein Ammoniumrest oder das Kation eines niederen Alkylamins, Wasserstoff oder eine Mischung desselben bedeuten und gegebenenfalls eine oder mehrere zusätzliche Struktureinheiten (D), die als Monomere olefinische Doppelbindungen aufweisen, enthält und die copolymere Verbindung ein Carboxyläquivalent von 90 bis 500, bezogen auf die freien Carboxylgruppen, hat und deren Struktureinheiten (B) und (C) in einem Molverhältnis von 5 :95 — 50 :50 stehen.
- 2Oberflächenleimungsmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zusätzlichen Struktureinheiten (D) Styrol, Vinylacetat, Vinylchlorid, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureester wie Methylmaleat, Äthylmaleat und Butylmaleat, und Hydroxyäthylacrylat sind. Second Surface sizing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional structural units (D) are styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, maleic acid, maleic acid esters such as methyl maleate, ethyl maleate and butyl maleate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate. Die bekannten Verfahren zur Oberflächenleimung von Papier schließen zwei grundsätzliche Methoden ein. Bei der »Innenleimung« wird die Leimsubstanz mit dem Papierbrei gemischt und danach diese Mischung zu Bahnen geformt, in denen der Faserstoff und der Leim gleichmäßig verteilt sind. Bei der »Oberflächenleimung« wird die Leimsubstanz auf die Oberfläche einer bereits gebildeten Papierbahn aufgetragen. Die Oberflächenleimung hat gegenüber der Innenleimung gewisse Vorteile. Beispielsweise werden die Kosten für den Leim wesentlich verringert und die Papierqualität, d. h. die gute Beschreibbarkeit, verbessert, da nahezu die gesamte Leimsubstanz auf der Oberfläche des behandelten Papiers zurückgehalten wird. Die Oberflächenleimung ist daher im Begriff, die Innenleimung weitgehend zu verdrängen. The known methods for surface sizing of paper include two basic methods. In the "interior sizing", the glue substance is mixed with the pulp and then this mixture is formed into webs, in which the pulp and the glue are evenly distributed. In "surface sizing", the glue substance is applied to the surface of an already formed paper web. The surface sizing has certain advantages over the internal sizing. For example, the cost of the glue is substantially reduced and the paper quality, ie the good writability, improved, since almost all the glue substance is retained on the surface of the treated paper. The surface sizing is therefore in the process of largely displacing the internal sizing. Aber auch die Oberflächenleimung zeigt gewisse Schwierigkeiten. Die Leimung wird in einer Leimpresse durchgeführt Die Leimpresse arbeitet kontinuierlich in mit hoher Geschwindigkeit zwecks Erhöhung der Produktivität und unter hohem Druck, um die But the surface sizing also shows some difficulties. The sizing is done in a size press The size press works continuously in high speed to increase the productivity and under high pressure to the (1) Leimlösung so gleichmäßig wie möglich auf die Papieroberfläche aufzutragen. Während eines derartigen Leimungsvorgangs leidet die Leimlösung unter der Hitze und den mechanischen Erschütterungen, die während des Leimungsvorgangs auftreten. Zusätzlich werden Aluminiumsalze, wie Alaun, von der Leimlösung aus dem Papier eluiert Diese Salze werden, dem zur Bahnenherstellung verwendeten Papierbrei zugefügt Sie haben einen nachteiligen Effekt auf die Leimlösung, da sie die Ausfällung von Materialien aus der Leimlösung fördern. Daher sollte die Leimsubstanz als Hauptbestandteil der Leimlösung gegen Hitze, mecha- (1) apply glue solution as evenly as possible to the paper surface. During such a sizing operation, the sizing solution suffers from the heat and mechanical shocks that occur during the sizing process. In addition, aluminum salts, such as alum, are eluted from the paper sizing solution. These salts are added to the paper pulp used to make the webs. They have a deleterious effect on the sizing solution as they promote the precipitation of materials from the sizing solution. Therefore, the glue substance should be used as the main constituent of the glue solution against heat, mecha- (2) nische Erschütterungen und den Einfluß der Aluminiumsalze beständig sein. (2) to withstand niche vibrations and the influence of aluminum salts. Aus US-PS 29 99 038 sind Mittel zur Verbesserung der Naßfestigkeit von Papier bekannt Es handelt sich um Ammoniumsalze linearer Copolymerer von Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure oder Itaconsäure mit Acrylnitril jo oder Estern der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit hohem Molekulargewicht From US-PS 29 99 038 agents for improving the wet strength of paper are known These are ammonium salts of linear copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or itaconic acid with acrylonitrile jo or esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid of high molecular weight Es sind bisher verschiedene natürliche und synthetische Harze vorgeschlagen und als Oberflächenleimungsmittel verwendet worden. Zu den typischen Various natural and synthetic resins have heretofore been proposed and used as surface sizing agents. To the typical (3) j? Beispielen der verwendeten Harze gehören modifiziertes Kolophonium, modifiziertes Petroleumharz, Copolymere von Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid und dimere Alkylketene. Diese Verbindungen sind jedoch nicht zufriedenstellend, obwohl einige von ihnen gewisse Vorteile haben. Eine Leimlösung einer herkömmlichen Leimsubstanz verliert allmählich infolge der Hitze und der mechanischen Erschütterungen und des Einflusses der Aluminiumionen seine Lösungseigenschaften bezüglich der Bestandteile. Das führt allmählich zur Bildung eines Schlamms. Die Gegenwart eines Schlamms verursacht eine Abnahme des Leimungseffekts der Leimlösung und hat wegen der Ablagerung des Schlamms auf der Papieroberfläche einen nachteiligen Einfluß auf das Aussehen des behandelten Papiers. (3) j? Examples of the resins used include modified rosin, modified petroleum resin, copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride and dimeric alkyl ketenes. However, these compounds are not satisfactory, although some of them have certain advantages. A sizing solution of a conventional sizing agent gradually loses its component solubility properties due to the heat and mechanical shock and influence of the aluminum ions. This gradually leads to the formation of a mud. The presence of a sludge causes a decrease in the sizing effect of the sizing solution and has a detrimental effect on the appearance of the treated paper due to the deposition of the sludge on the paper surface. Daher erfordert die Leimung mit einer herkömmlichen Leimlösung so mühsame Verfahrensrnaßnahmen, wie genaue Kontrolle des pH-Wertes der Leimlösung, deren häutige Erneuerung und Waschen der Leimpresse und Leitungen. Als Folge dieser Maßnahmen ist eine kontinuierliche Führung des Leimungsverfahrens bei Verwendung dieser herkömmlichen Leimmassen nicht möglich. Therefore, sizing with a conventional sizing solution requires such cumbersome procedures as precise control of the pH of the sizing solution, its renewal and washing of the size press and lines. As a result of these measures, a continuous guidance of the sizing process when using these conventional glue levels is not possible. Another disadvantage of the conventional glue is that its sizing effect Ein weiterer Nachteil des herkömmlichen Leims besteht darin, daß sein Leimungseffekt weiten Schwan- Bo kungen depending on the pH conditions under which the surface sizing to be submitted paper webs were prepared subject. For example, modified rosin and modified petroleum resin have only one paper bo kungen in Abhängigkeit von den pH-Bedingungen, unter denen die der Oberflächenleimung zu unterwerfenden Papierbahnen hergestellt wurden, unterliegt. Beispielsweise haben modifiziertes Kolophonium und modifiziertes Petroleumharz nur bei einem Papier einen Hr, good sizing effect, prepared under acidic conditions at a pH of 4.0 to 5.0. Dimer alkyl ketenes have a good sizing effect on only one paper, which under neutral conditions hr. guten Leimungseffekt, das unter sauren Bedingungen bei einem pH-Wert von 4,0 bis 5,0 hergestellt wurde. Dimere Alkylketene haben nur bei einem Papier einen guten Leimungseffekt, das unter neutralen Bedingun-
Independent claims2
110 paragraphs in 3 sections, as filed
gene, d, h. weak-acidic to weakly alkaline. The copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride can be applied to paper made in a wide pH range. However, this glue has an unsatisfactory sizing effect when applied to a paper produced under neutral conditions. Therefore, there is a continuing need for a paper sizing agent which exhibits a good sizing effect and resistance to heat, mechanical shock and alum when applied to a paper made in a wide pH range.
The invention has for its object to provide a surface size with improved properties. The surface size should have good stability under the process conditions and should give the paper produced in a wide pH range improved properties.
The invention relates to a surface sizing agent for paper which is characterized by a content of a copolymeric compound which comprises at least one structural unit (A) of the following general formula (1):
-CH<sub>2</sub>-C-
COOR
(D
JO
wherein Ri is hydrogen or the methyl group and R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms,
and at least one structural unit (B) of the following general formula (2):
-CH<sub>2</sub>-C-
(2)
40
COOM.
wherein R<sub>2</sub> Is hydrogen or the methyl group and M1 is an alkyl metal, and at least one structural unit (C) of the following general formula (3):
R<sub>3</sub> -CH<sub>2</sub>-C-
(3)
50
COOM<sub>2</sub>
wherein R3 is hydrogen or the methyl group and M<sub>2</sub> an ammonium radical or the cation of a lower alkylamine, hydrogen or a mixture thereof, and optionally one or more additional structural units (D) having as olefinic olefinic double bonds, and the μ copolymer containing a carboxyl equivalent of 90 to 500, based on the free carboxyl groups, and whose structural units (B) and (C) are in a molar ratio of 5:95 to 50:50.
In the foregoing, Ri, b<sup>r</sup>, R<sub>2</sub> and R3 in the aforementioned formulas (1), (2) and (3) independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. The group R in the formula (1) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of this hydrocarbon radical are the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl , Tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl and octylbenzyl radicals Preferably, alkyl groups having 4 to 8 carbon atoms are selected. The radical M in the formula (2) represents an alkali metal. Examples of suitable alkali metals are sodium and potassium. The M<sub>2</sub>-ReSt (non-metallisdi) in the formula (3) represents a hydrogen atom, an ammonium or lower alkylamine group (Ci-3). The term "lower alkyl" is also meant to include lower hydroxyalkyl groups.
Examples of lower alkylamines which can form a cation are monomethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, monopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The protonated, preferred amines are lower alkylamines having a molecular weight of not more than 120 and a boiling point of not more than 100 "C at 1013 mbar.
The M<sub>2</sub> in the structural unit (C) may consist within a molecule of a mixture of the above non-metallic groups, such as a combination of the ammonium radical and the hydrogen atom, the lower alkylamine and the hydrogen atom, the lower alkylamine and the ammonium radical and the ammonium radical, the lower Alkylaminkations and the hydrogen atom. If the stability of the copolymer is particularly emphasized, M is<sub>2</sub> in the structural unit (C), preferably the ammonium radical, the cation of a lower alkylamine or a mixture of both. If a good sizing effect is to be obtained with the copolymer, M means<sub>2</sub> preferably hydrogen.
The carboxyl equivalent of the copolymer of the agent according to the invention should be between 90 and 500, preferably between 100 and 200, based on the free acid. The carboxyl equivalent means the molecular weight of the copolymer (converted based on the free acid when the carboxyl group has formed a salt) per carboxyl group. Copolymers whose value is below 90 have an unsatisfactory sizing effect, especially on paper made under neutral conditions. A value of more than 500 leads to a decrease in the sizing effect and the solubility of the copolymer in water. When sizing under severe conditions, such as with prolonged continuous process operation, it is preferred to choose a copolymer having a relatively low level of carboxyl equivalent within the range of 90 to 500 because the low value results in better solubility of the copolymer in water.
The copolymer of the agent of the present invention must contain the structural unit (B) and (C) in a particular molar ratio in order to obtain desired effects such as good stability and good sizing effect. Thus, the molar ratio of the structural units (B) to (C) must be 5-50: 95-50. Less than 5% of the structural unit (B) represented by the general formula (2) is not effective enough to improve the stability of the copolymer during the sizing process, while more than 50% of this structural unit reduces the sizing effect of the copolymer, especially a paper made under neutral pH conditions. If both the sizing effect and the stability of the copoly-
In addition, the molar ratio of the structural unit (B) to the structural unit (C) is preferably 10-25: 90-75.
However, if the stability of the copolymer is of particular importance, it is preferred to select one having a relatively high proportion of the structural unit (B) (an alkali metal salt) within the above-mentioned range of 5-50%.
The molar ratio of the structural unit (A) to the structural units (B) plus (C) is generally 1-83: 99-17. The copolymer contained in the agent of the invention can be prepared by various known methods. In general, the copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing a polymerizable monomer of the styrene unit (A) and acrylic acid (and / or methacrylic acid) in the presence of a solvent, a chain transfer agent and a polymerization initiator or in the presence of water, a chain transfer agent, a polymerization initiator and an emulsifier or dispersant and subsequent neutralization of the resulting copolymers to form the salts. The polymerizable monomers which provide structural unit (A) are hydrocarbon radicals of methacrylic and acrylic acid. The examples of the hydrocarbon radical correspond to the abovementioned examples of the radical R.
Another method for preparing the copolymers contained in the composition of the invention is to produce copolymers as an intermediate, which are then subjected to hydrolysis. Thus, this intermediate, for example, by copolymerization of the acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile, which are to be construed as a precursor of the structural units (B) and (C), with a monomer of the structural unit (A), hydrolysis and neutralization of the intermediates obtained for the conversion of the amide - or nitrile groups in the carboxyl groups or in the corresponding salts. Likewise, the copolymer of the agent according to the invention can be prepared by copolymerization of monomers with the structural units (A), (B) and (C).
The copolymers of the surface size of the invention may contain one or more additional structural units (D). Examples of olefinically unsaturated monomers having such structural units are vinyl monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, maleic acid, maleic acid esters such as methyl maleate, ethyl maleate and butyl maleate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate.
The surface sizing agent according to the invention may consist of the abovementioned copolymers alone. In general, the copolymer is used in conjunction with modifiers such as modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginates, carboxymethyl cellulose. The weight ratio of the copolymers to the modifiers may be 0.1-50: 99.9-50. The copolymer can also be used with conventional size-modifiers of modifiers such as rosin and petroleum resins. As a modified starch, for example, oxidized starch and enzymatically digested starch come into question.
The surface sizing agent according to the invention can be applied to the paper webs by any conventional method. Thus, the glue substance is dissolved or dispersed in water to e<sup>:</sup>1 to 2% by weight of glue solution. This solution is then applied to the paper webs using a size press and the web thus treated is subsequently dried. The glue solution can be applied with a calender or a stripping device. The surface sizing can be further carried out with a light weight coating, a precoat, etc.
The copolymer is used in a solids amount of 0.01 to 0.5 g / m<sup>2</sup>, preferably 0.05 to 0.3 g / m<sup>2</sup>, on the
deposited in paper If modifiers, such as oxidized starch and polyvinyl alcohol, are used with the copolymer, the paper becomes the solid glue substance in quantities of 0.5 to 10 g / m<sup>2</sup>, preferably 2 to 5 g / m<sup>2</sup>, deposited
The paper which is to be surface-sized with the agent according to the invention may be made from pulp of various composition. Thus, the paper may contain additives such as fillers, dyes, stiffeners, drainage improvers, and internal sizing agents. Paper that an interior? .χ ·% is preferred is preferred. The behaniieb.de paper can be produced in a wide pH range of 4 to 9.
The paper sizing agent of the invention exhibits a good sizing effect and good stability in the sizing solution. A glue solution containing the agent according to the invention forms no precipitate under the usual sizing conditions even under long-lasting severe conditions in the size press. In addition, the surface sizing agent of the present invention exhibits an excellent sizing effect on paper which can be prepared in a wide pH range of 4 to 9, which detects the weakly acidic, neutral and weakly basic range.
The invention will be explained with reference to the following examples.
example 1
In a 1000 ml four-necked flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, dropping funnel, thermometer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube, 120 g of isopropanol and 56 g of water were introduced. The mixture was heated under reflux and stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, to the mixture was added a solution obtained by slowly dissolving in about 2 hours 0.5 g of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile in 40 g of butyl methacrylate and 60 g of methacrylic acid. This reaction mixture was then refluxed for an additional 2 hours. The resulting mixture was 6O<sup>0</sup>C was cooled in a water bath and neutralized with 2.9 g of a 10% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The resulting neutralized solution was distilled to remove isopropanol as an azeotrope with water and cooled to 60<sup>0</sup>C is neutralized with 33.9 g of a 28ge- ° / oigen aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution.
Example 2
The polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1. 120 g of isopropanol, 56 g of water, 60 g of methyl methacrylate, 10 g of styrene, 30 g of methacrylic acid and 0.5 g of 2,2'-azobis-isobutyronitrile were used. The resulting polymer solution was neutralized.
Example 3
60 g of butyl methacrylate and 40 g of acrylic acid were co-polymerized in the presence of 0.5 g of ammonium persulfate, 200 g of deionized water, 3.3 g of a sulfate of a polyoxyalkylene ether of higher alcohols and 0.5 g of lauryl mercaptan. The resulting solution was neutralized with potassium and ammonium hydroxide.
Example 4
Example 3 was repeated except that 30 g of butyl methacrylate, 10 g of dodecyl methacrylate and 60 g of acrylic acid were used.
Example 5
The polymerization was carried out by the same method as in Example I. 60 g were used
Table I
Butyl acrylate, 40 g of acrylamide, 2 g of isopropyl alcohol and 0.5 g of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. The resulting polymer solution was hydrolyzed and neutralized by addition of 9 g of a 10% by weight aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 20 g of a 28% strength aqueous ammonia solution for 10 hours.
Example 6
The polymerization was carried out according to the procedure described in Example I. There were 60 g of n-hexyl acrylate, 5.2 g of sodium acrylate, 29.7 g of ammonium acrylate. 21.7 g of trimethylammonium acrylate, 30 g of isopropanol and 10 g of water are used.
The products obtained in the above Examples 1 to 6 had the physical and chemical properties shown in Table 1.
example
<p><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry>Konzen</entry><entry> C'arboxyl- </entry><entry> Kind of Sal / it </entry><entry>10</entry></row><row><entry> tration </entry><entry> equivalent to </entry><entry>(M</entry><entry>80</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>143</entry><entry>N / A</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry><entry>45</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>free</entry><entry>55</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>286</entry><entry>K</entry><entry>15</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry><entry>75</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>180</entry><entry>K</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry><entry>20</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>free</entry><entry>60</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>120</entry><entry>K</entry><entry>20</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry><entry>40</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>free</entry><entry>60</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>199</entry><entry>N / A</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry><entry>60</entry></row><row><entry>30</entry><entry>228</entry><entry>N / A</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry>NH,</entry></row><row><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></p>
Viscosity Pas
PH value
1,5
3.7
7.3
9.2
7.5
7.0
9.5
9.7
Trimethylaminkation
Remarks
') The viscosity was determined in a 30gew .-% aqueous solution at 30 C.
The pH was determined in a 4% strength by weight aqueous solution at room temperature.
Example 7 (stability test)
The stability test was carried out with glue solutions prepared from the solutions of the copolymers of Examples 1 to 6.
Aqueous size solutions (5000 ml) were prepared containing 0.8% by weight of the respective copolymer and 2% by weight of oxidized starch. For comparison, an aqueous size solution was prepared by using conventional size agents in place of the copolymer of the present invention. Each of the size solutions was put into a bench-scale inclined press with a handy pump. The effluent solution was returned. Stability was determined every 30 minutes by detecting the formation of sludge following process conditions were chosen:
Press speed 100 m / min,
Pressing pressure 19.7 bar
50
Test duration 8 h.
Temperature of the solution 60 ° C.
The pH of the solution was regulated as follows. Every 60 minutes, an aqueous 0.5 wt% Alann solution was added in such amounts that the pH was adjusted to 5.0 5 hours after starting.
The results of this stability test are recorded in Table 2
table
Oberflachenieim
Stability of the glue solution
60
example 1
Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 After more than 8 h no sludge formation
desgl. desgl.
Ortset / imu
Oberfliichenleim
Stahjlitiil the glue solution
Conventional rosin glue
Conventional petroleum resin
Conventional Copolymeies of styrene and maleic anhydride
significant sludge formation after 0.5 h significant sludge formation after 1.5 h significant sludge formation after 3.0 to 3.5 h
hl
Example 8 (Sizing effect test)
The sizing effect test was carried out with the copolymers prepared according to Examples 1 to 6 in comparison with some conventional size substances. The following process conditions were observed during the sizing test. n>
(4)
(1) The base paper was produced in a higher pH range. The paper (hydrous sheet) was prepared from a pulp (bleached hardwood sulphate pulp) at pH 8.5.
The pulp had a freeness of 420 cm<sup>3</sup> (Canadian Standard Freeness) and contained calcium car- (5) carbonate. The obtained paper (A) had a surface weight of 65 g / m<sup>2</sup> with an ash content of 12 Oew .-%.
The base paper was produced in a low pH range. The paper was made from pulp (bleached hardwood sulphate pulp) at a pH of 4.5 adjusted with aluminum sulphate. The pulp had a freeness of 420 cm<sup>3</sup> (Canadian Standard Freeness) and contained clay and reinforced rosin. The resulting paper had a basis weight of 65 g'cm<sup>2</sup> with an ash content of 11% and a rosin content of 0.1 or 1.0 wt .-%. The paper of a colophony content of 0.1% by weight is hereinafter referred to as "paper (B)". The other paper is called "Paper (C)". The solution of the surface glue used had the following composition:
oxidized starch active glue substance water
6 Wt.% 0.3 wt.% 93.7 wt.%
The surface sizing was carried out on a bench-scale inclined sizing press at a speed of 100 m / min and a pressure of 9.86 bar. The sized paper became 100 for 3 minutes<sup>0</sup>C dried. The resulting paper contained 2.0 g / m<sup>2</sup> oxidized starch and 0.1 g / m<sup>2</sup> (0.5 g / m<sup>2</sup> in paper made in a low pH range) surface sizing. The results of the tests conducted on paper grades (A), (B) and (C) are shown in Tables 3, 4 and 5 below.
<p><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry>Table 3</entry><entry>sizing</entry><entry>writable</entry><entry>IGT surface</entry></row><row><entry>Oberflä'chenleim</entry><entry>Degree</entry><entry>bility</entry><entry>strength</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry>(Sec)</entry><entry></entry><entry>(Cm / sec)</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry>35.6</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>260</entry></row><row><entry>example 1</entry><entry>26.3</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>274</entry></row><row><entry>Example 2</entry><entry>28.5</entry><entry>5-6</entry><entry>263</entry></row><row><entry>Example 3</entry><entry>30.4</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>266</entry></row><row><entry>Example 4</entry><entry>25.5</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>268</entry></row><row><entry>Example 5</entry><entry>29.4</entry><entry>5-6</entry><entry>264</entry></row><row><entry>Example 6</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>190</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional rosin glue</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>0</entry><entry>193</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional petroleum resin</entry><entry>15.4</entry><entry>3</entry><entry>230</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional copolymer of styrene</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry>and maleic anhydride</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></p>
The sizing degree was determined by the Stöckigt method (JIS-P-8122). The writability was determined by the method of J. Tappi Standard No. 12. The IGT surface strength was after
Table 4
of the method of J. Tappi Standard T 499 Su-64, Surface Strength of Paper (IGT Tester). After these test methods, the values recorded in Tables 4 and 5 were also determined
surface size
sizing
(see) writability
IGT surface strength (cm / sec)
Example 1 Betspiel 2 Example 3
31.2 27.5 28.1 205 212 208
continuation
<p><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry>Obcrflächenleim</entry><entry>Sizing degree (be;)</entry><entry>Hesci. eibeability</entry><entry>ICiT surface wedge (cm / see)</entry></row><row><entry> Example 4</entry><entry>30.2</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>210</entry></row><row><entry>Example 5</entry><entry>26.8</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>204</entry></row><row><entry>Example 6</entry><entry>28.6</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>201</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional rosin glue</entry><entry>18.5</entry><entry>3</entry><entry>140</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional petroleum resin</entry><entry>17.7</entry><entry>3</entry><entry>138</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride</entry><entry>20.8</entry><entry>4</entry><entry>191</entry></row><row><entry>Table 5</entry><entry></entry><entry></entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry>Obcrflächenleim</entry><entry>Sizing grade (see)</entry><entry>Writability</entry><entry>IGT surface strength (cm / sec)</entry></row><row><entry>example 1</entry><entry>48.5</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>221</entry></row><row><entry>Example 2</entry><entry>44.8</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>240</entry></row><row><entry>Example 3</entry><entry>45.1</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>226</entry></row><row><entry>Example 4</entry><entry>47.2</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>224</entry></row><row><entry>Example 5</entry><entry>43.9</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>226</entry></row><row><entry>Example 6</entry><entry>44.2</entry><entry>6</entry><entry>221</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional rosin glue</entry><entry>30.5</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>153</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional petroleum resin</entry><entry>32.7</entry><entry>5</entry><entry>150</entry></row><row><entry>Conventional copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride</entry><entry>38.8</entry><entry>5-6</entry><entry>198</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></p>
Contents3
7 members in 4 offices
Priority claims2
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6150373 | Japan | A | |
| 6150373 | Japan | – |
Members7
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2425265A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| JPS506804A | Japan | A | |
| JPS5218803B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US4030970A | United States of America | A | |
| CA1021497A | Canada | A | |
| US4115331A | United States of America | A | |
| DE2425265C2This record | Germany | C2 |
3 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Ceased/non-payment of the annual feeCeased8339 | 8339 | |
| Grant after examinationD2 | D2 | |
| Request for examinationOD | OD |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2425265
- Application
- 2425265
Titles2
- German
- Mittel zur Oberflächenleimung von Papier
- English
- Agent for surface sizing of paper
Classification
- CPC, 3
- D21H17/43
- D21H17/00
- Y10T428/31906
- IPC, 3
- D21H19 20
- D21H17 00
- D21H17 43