Device and method for recording information

Device and method for recording information

The present invention relates to a device for recording information in at least one information volume in a track of a recordable area of a record carrier. The information volume includes a start area, a data area and an end area. The device includes Recording equipment used to record marks representing information, and control devices used to record and restore information volumes.

The invention also relates to a method for recording information in at least one information volume in a track of a recordable area of a record carrier, the information volume comprising a start area, a data area and an end area, the method comprising recording a mark representing the information, And the control data that constitutes the information volume.

The invention also relates to a record carrier with a track in the recordable area for recording at least one information volume. The information volume includes a start area, a data area and an end area. The track contains a mark representing information and controls that constitute the information volume. data.

Known from the United States 5,341,356 (PHN13661) a device and method for recording information signals on a record carrier. The information is encoded as an information block, which contains data words and error correction words used for error correction in the information block. The device contains a recording device for recording marks representing information blocks. The information of at least one information block is modulated into a modulated signal and recorded in a track at a predetermined position identified by predetermined track position information. The device records information and formats it into successive volumes, also called sessions, which is a multi-stage layout. Each volume has a starting area, also called an import, a data area, and an ending area, also called an export. The device has a control device for recording and recovering location data that characterizes the location of the recorded information volume. Especially in the lead-out, the pointer to the start area of the positioning phase is recorded. In addition, the lead-in contains information about the export position of the stage, and the starting area of the next stage (if any). In order to locate a specific stage, the device can detect the boundary of the unrecorded area and read the final export, and trace the stage chain to the beginning of the recorded area. Alternatively, the device can read the lead-in of the first stage and follow the stage chain by reading the lead-in of successive volumes. Further stage information, such as about the status and content of the stage, can be stored in a separate area outside the user data area. The access time to a specific stage is determined by the time needed to jump along the stage chain and the time needed to restore the stage information. For write-once record carriers such as CD-R, the position data cannot be rewritten.

An object of the present invention is to provide a more flexible system for recording phase information.

For this purpose, the device described at the beginning of this article is characterized in that the control device includes a stage device for recording the navigation data containing the first buffer area at the beginning of the volume start area to open a stage, and in the buffer area After that, there is at least one phase control block in the remaining blank area of the starting area. The phase control block contains volume data representing the status and content of the phase, and in order to close the phase, the information volume is formed by recording the phase control data to indicate the information in the remaining blank area. The volume is closed, there is the final area for building the volume, the final data after the last information is recorded in the data area, and the final area for building the volume, the final data after the last information is recorded in the data area, and the ending data for the data area. The detection device of the control block in the recovery phase of the initial zone. The method described at the beginning of this article is characterized in that the method includes opening a stage by recording the navigation data containing the first buffer area at the beginning of the volume starting area, and the remaining blank area of the starting area after the buffer area There is at least one stage control block, which contains volume data representing the state and content of the stage, and the stage is closed to form an information volume through the control data of the recording stage. The control data indicates that the information volume is closed in the remaining blank area , And to construct the end area of the volume, the end data after the last information is recorded in the data area. The record carrier described at the beginning of this article is characterized in that the record carrier contains the opening phase, which has the beginning of the volume start area. Contains the guidance data of the first buffer, and there is at least one stage control block in the remaining blank area of the starting area after the buffer. The stage control block contains volume data that characterizes the status and content of the stage, and a volume that constitutes the information volume. In the closing phase, there are segment control data indicating that the information volume in the start area has been closed, and the end area for building the volume, and the end data after the last information is recorded in the data area. The advantage of recording the phase control block in the phase start area is that the currently opened phase information for accessing this phase and earlier phases is available in the immediate vicinity of the position where user data will be recorded. A blank area is reserved in the starting area, and other phase control blocks are written during the use of this phase, which can be used for future updates. When the stage is about to close, the remaining blank area is recorded to achieve compatibility with read-only devices, and it cannot handle unrecorded areas. In addition, the advantage of recording the phase control block in the phase start area is that such phase information is useful for read-only devices. Such read-only devices generally cannot access any information areas defined as read-only record carriers before the lead-in area.

The present invention is based on the following understanding. The inventor sees that the main part of the response time of the recording device to the recording request is determined by the time required to restore the location data during the accessed phase. Therefore, the inventor sees that the response time can be shortened by recording the information of the status and content of the stage in the starting area of the stage itself.

In an embodiment of the device, the phase control block contains at least one earlier phase entry, and the earlier phase entry contains the start and end addresses of the earlier record information volume. This is beneficial for locating and recording data in the early stage. In particular, it is applied to delete data, for example, files used in a computer, by removing them from the user content management data directory, for example, according to the UDF file system, the file is deleted. When such deleted files must be restored, in order to restore the previous version of the management data directory, the device can access the previous recording stage, and it also retains the retrieval data of the deleted data.

These and other aspects of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following embodiments described by way of example and the accompanying drawings. Figure 1a shows the record carrier (top view), Figure 1b shows the record carrier (cross section), and Figure 1a shows the record carrier (top view), and Figure 1b shows the record carrier (cross-section). 2 shows the recording device, Figure 3 shows the arrangement of ADIP and information blocks, Figure 4 shows the ADIP word structure, Figure 5 shows the ADIP error correction structure, Figure 6 shows the ADIP modulation rule, Figure 7 shows the physical disk information table, and Figure 8 shows the leading edge correction Time, Figure 9 shows the record carrier sector number, Figure 10 shows the layout of the recording single stage disc, Figure 11 shows the internal drive area, Figure 12 shows the format of the stage map block, Figure 13 shows the stage entry, and Figure 14 shows the recording area indicator Figure 15 shows the lead-in area, Figure 16 shows the structure of the control data block, Figure 17 shows the lead-out area, Figure 18 shows the external drive area, Figure 19 shows the layout of the multi-stage disk information area, and Figure 20 shows the details of the open stage n. Figure 21 shows the general structure of the Disk Control Block (DCB), Figure 22 shows the format of the stage DCB (SDCB), Figure 23 shows the reserved area entry,

Figure 24 shows the earlier stage entries.

Corresponding parts in different drawings have the same reference numbers.

Figure 1a shows a disc-shaped record carrier 11 with a track 9 and a central hole 10. Track 9 is the position of a series of recording marks representing information, and is arranged in a multi-turn spiral to form a substantially parallel track on the information layer. The record carrier can be optically readable, called an optical disc, and also has a recordable information layer. Examples of recordable discs are CD-R and CD-RW, and the writable type of DVD, such as DVD+RW. Details about DVD discs can be found in References: ECMA-267: 120mm DVD--Read Only Disc--(1997). By recording optically detectable marks along the track, such as crystalline or amorphous marks of a phase change material, information is presented on the information layer. The track 9 on the recordable record carrier represents the track structure suppressed in the manufacture of the blank record carrier. As for the track structure, for example, it is a pre-carved groove 14, which enables the read/write head to track this track during scanning. The track structure contains location information, such as addresses, used to indicate the location of information units commonly referred to as information blocks. The location information includes a specific synchronization mark used to locate the start of the information block. The position information is encoded in the modulated fluctuating frame, which will be discussed below.

FIG. 1b is a cross-sectional view of the recordable record carrier 11 along the line bb, in which a recording layer 16 and a protective layer 17 are provided on the transparent substrate 15. The protective layer 17 may include another base layer, as in the case of a DVD, the recording layer is on a 0.6 mm base, and there is a 0.6 mm base bonded to its backside. The pre-groove 14 may be a groove or protrusion on the material of the base 15 or its material properties are different from the surroundings.

The record carrier 11 is used to carry information that contains frames and is represented by a modulated signal. A frame is a certain predetermined amount of data led by a synchronization signal. Usually these frames also contain error correction codes, such as parity words. Some of these frames constitute a data block, and the data block contains additional error correction words. The information block is the smallest recordable unit, from which information can be reliably restored. An example of such a recording system comes from the DVD system. Its frames have 172 data words and 10 parity words, and 208 frames constitute an ECC block.

In one embodiment of the record carrier, the track contains multi-stage information following the format described below, see Figures 19-24.

The recording device shown in FIG. 2 is used to write information on a record carrier 11 of a writable or rewritable type, such as a CD-R or CD-RW. The device is equipped with a recording device for scanning the track on the record carrier. The device includes a drive unit 21 for rotating the record carrier 11, an optical head 22, a positioning unit 25 for preliminarily positioning the optical head 22 in the radial direction of the track, and a control unit 20. The optical head 22 includes a well-known optical system for generating a radiation beam 24, which is also guided by optical elements to focus on the track of the information layer of the record carrier into a radiation spot 23. The radiation beam 24 is generated by a radiation source, such as a laser diode. The optical head also has a focusing actuator (not shown), which is used to move the focus of the radiation beam 24 along the optical axis of the beam, and a tracking actuator, which is used to set the spot 23 in the radial direction in the center of the track. Fine positioning. The tracking actuator may have a coil to move the optical element radially, alternatively, it may be arranged to change the angle of the reflective element. In order to write information, radiation is controlled to generate optically detectable marks on the recording layer. For reading, the radiation reflected by the information layer is detected by a general-purpose detector, such as a four-quadrant diode, which is used in the optical head 22 to generate reading signals and other detector signals, including those used to control the search The tracking error and focus error signals of the tracking and focusing actuators. The read signal is processed by the universal read processing unit 30, which includes a demodulator, a formatter, and an output unit for restoring information. Therefore, the recovery device for reading information includes a drive unit 21, an optical head 22, a positioning unit 25, and a reading processing unit 30. The device includes an inscription processing device for processing input information and generating an inscription signal to drive the optical head 22. The device includes an input unit 27, and a modulation device including a formatter 28 and a modulator 29. The control unit 20 controls the recording and recovery of information, and can also be arranged to accept instructions from the user or the host computer. The control unit 20 is connected to the input unit 27, the formatter 28 and the modulator 29 through a control line 26, such as a system bus, and the reading processing unit 30 is also connected to the driving unit 21 and the positioning unit 25. The control unit 20 includes a control circuit, such as a microprocessor, a program memory, and a control gate, for completing the steps and functions required by the present invention described below and referring to FIGS. 3 to 24. The control unit 20 can also be executed like a state machine in a logic circuit. In the writing operation, marks representing information are formed on the record carrier. These marks can be in any optically readable form, for example in the form of an area, and its reflection coefficient is different from that of its surroundings. When recorded in dyes, alloys or phases, This is the case with variable materials. Another example is an area form whose magnetization direction is different from its surroundings. This is the case when recording on magneto-optical materials. The writing and reading of the information recorded on the optical disc, as well as the available formatting, error correction and track code rules are well known in the art, such as the CD system. The mark can be formed by means of a light spot 23, which is usually produced on the recording layer by an electromagnetic radiation beam 24 from a laser diode. The user information is provided at the input unit 27, which may include a method of compressing input signals such as analog audio and video, or digitized uncompressed audio/video. The appropriate compression method for audio is described in WO 98/16014-A1 (PHN 16452), and the description of video is described in the MPEG2 standard. The input unit 27 processes the audio and/or video as information units, and then sends them to the formatter 28 to add control data and format the data according to the recording format (see below), such as adding error correction codes (ECC) and/or interleaving processing . For computer applications, the information unit can be directly connected to the formatter 28. The format data output from the formatter 28 is sent to the modulation unit 29, which contains, for example, a track encoder, in order to generate a modulation signal to drive the optical head 22. Furthermore, the modulation unit 29 includes a synchronization device in order to include a synchronization pattern in the modulated signal. The formatting unit sent to the input of the modulation unit 29 contains address information, and is written into the corresponding addressable location on the record carrier under the control of the control unit 20. The control unit 20 is arranged to record and restore location data indicating the location of the recorded information volume. The device has a stage device, including a mapping unit 31 coupled to the control unit 20, and a detection device, including a detection unit 32 coupled to the control unit 20 and the mapping unit 31. The mapping unit 31 has an output 33 coupled to the formatter 28 for writing the stage control block into the starting area of the current stage, see below. The detection unit 32 has an input 34 coupled to the reading unit 30 for detecting the phase control block from the phase start area. The detection unit 32 is coupled to the mapping unit 31, and is used to transmit data from the phase control block of the detection, so as to generate a new segment control block containing existing data. The mapping unit 31 is arranged to determine the volume data about the status and content of the information volume-also called a phase, especially the start and end addresses of the phase that was closed earlier, and information about the reserved area in the phase. First, write the boot area including volume data in the stage control block including the stage entry (SES), open a stage, then write user data through some write commands, and finally fill all remaining blank areas, and

In an embodiment of this device, the mapping unit is arranged in the stage control block to record the earlier stage entries. Each closed phase contains an entry for the previous phase, which will be described below with reference to Figures 22 and 24.

The actual implementation of the recording information system according to the present invention is as follows. The system specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120mm recordable optical discs with a capacity of 4.7G bytes and 9.4G bytes. It specifies the quality of recorded and unrecorded signals, the format of the data, and the method of recording, so that information can be exchanged with this disc. With the irreversible method, data can be written once and read multiple times. This kind of disc is recorded as DVD+R. The form of the track is as follows: the recordable area is called the information area, and the track is formed by a single spiral groove. Each track forms a continuous spiral 360° circle. Recording is done in the slot. The track of the information area contains a phase-modulated sinusoid that deviates from the nominal center line, which is called a wave, and it contains addressing information, which is called an address in the slot (ADIP). The track is continuous in the information area. The groove track starts at a radius of 22.0mm maximum and ends at a radius of 58.50mm minimum. From the optical head, the disc is rotating counterclockwise, and the track is a continuous spiral from the inside (the start of the lead-in area) to the outside (the end of the lead-out area). The distance between the average track centerlines of adjacent tracks measured in the radial direction is called the track pitch. The track pitch should be 0.74μm±0.03μm. The average track pitch in the information area should be 0.74 μm ± 0.01 μm. The fluctuation of the track is a sinusoidal curve deviating from the nominal center line, and the wavelength is 4.2656μm±0.0450μm (equivalent to 32 channel bits). The total resonance distortion (THD) of the oscillator that generates fluctuating sine waves should be 40dB. The fluctuation is the phase modulation that reverses the fluctuation period. The information contained in the wave modulation is called the address in the slot, or ADIP.

Figure 3 shows the arrangement of ADIP and information block. The information block 37 to be recorded on the disc must be aligned with the ADIP information modulated in the wobble 38. The figure shows that 93 fluctuations are equivalent to 2 sync frames, which is the beginning of a certain information block. In every 93 fluctuations, 8 fluctuations are modulated by the ADIP phase. In addition, 1 wobble is equal to 32 channel bits (=32T), and 1 ADIP unit = 8 modulated wobble/2 sync frames.

Figure 4 shows the ADIP word structure. Every 52 ADIP unit composes 1 ADIP word. This means that 1 ADIP word is equivalent to 4×13×2 sync frame=4 physical sectors. The composition of each ADIP word is: 1 ADIP synchronization unit + 51 ADIP data unit. ADIP synchronization unit = 4 words synchronous inversion fluctuation + 4 monotonic fluctuations. ADIP data unit = 1 bit synchronous inversion fluctuation + 3 monotonic fluctuation + 4 fluctuation represents one data bit. (See 0) The information contained in the data bit of the ADIP word is as follows: Bit 1: This bit is reserved and set to zero.

Bits 2 to 23: These 22 bits contain the physical address. Data bit 2 is the most significant bit (MSB), and data bit 23 is the least significant bit (LSB). The address of the next ADIP word is incremented by one. The first address of the information area will be the physical address (00C000) at a radius of 24,0-0,2+0,0mm.

Bits 24 to 31: These 8 bits contain auxiliary information about the disc, such as recording control information. In the data area and lead-out area of the disc, the auxiliary byte should be set to (00). In the lead-in area of the disc, the auxiliary bytes should be used like this: bits 24 to 31 from 256 consecutive ADIP words will form an ADIP auxiliary frame with 256 bytes of information. The first byte of each ADIP auxiliary frame should be in the ADIP word, and its physical address is a multiple of 256 (physical address = (xxxx00)). The content of 256 bytes is defined in Figure 7.

Bits 32 to 51: These 20 bits contain the error correction parity of ADIP information.

Figure 5 shows the ADIP error correction structure. For ADIP error correction, ADIP data bits are divided into 4-bit nibbles. The definition of the mapping of data bits to the nibble array is shown in Figure 5. Bit 0 is a dummy bit, for the error corrector, it can be seen as set to zero.

Constructed a nibble-based RS (13, 8, 6) code, in which 5 parity nibbles N8 to N12 are determined by the remainder polynomial R(x): R(x)=Σi=812Nix12-1 =I(x)x5modGPA(x)]]> where I(x)=Σi=07Nix7-i]]>GPA(x)=Πk=04(x+αk)]]>α is The primitive polynomial P(x)=x4+x+1 is the primitive root 0010.

Before recording, the bits of all 5 parity nibbles N8 to N12 should be inverted.

Figure 6 shows the ADIP modulation rules. The ADIP unit is modulated by reversing one of the 8 fluctuation periods. Figure 6a is the modulation of ADIP word synchronization, Figure 6b is the modulation of ADIP zero bits, and Figure 6c is the modulation of ADIP one bit, where -PW is positive fluctuation and starts to move to the inner side of the disc, -NW is positive fluctuation and begins to move towards the disc Outside movement,-all monotonic fluctuations are marked as PW.

Fig. 7 is a physical disk information table. The physical disk information is encoded in ADIP, as described above. This information contains 256 bytes, as shown in Figure 7. It contains disc information and data, used to optimize the power control (OPC) calculation method, in order to determine the optimal writing power level of the laser. In the initialization of the disc, information is copied to a recordable area called control data. The data content is byte 0-disc type and version number. Bits b7 to b4 indicate the disc type, set to 1010, indicating a DVD+R disc.

Bits b3 to b0 indicate the version number, set to 0000, indicate the version byte 1-disk size and maximum transfer rate. Bits b 7 to b4 indicate the disk size, set to 0000, indicate 120mm disk. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the maximum read transfer rate , Set to 1111, which means that the maximum read transfer rate is not specified,

Byte 2-Disk structure. Bits b7 to b4 are set to 0000. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the type of recording layer: set to 0010, which means that the recording layer is written once.

Byte 3-Recording density. Bits b7 to b4 indicate the average track bit length in the information area, set to 0000, which means 0.133μm. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the average track pitch, set to 0000, which means that the average track pitch is 0.74μm. Byte 4 Arrange byte 4 in the 15-data area and set it to (00).

Bytes 5 to 7 are set to (030000), which means that the PSN 196,608 of the first physical sector of the data area is set to (00).

Bytes 9 to 11 are set to (26053F) to indicate that PSN 2,491,711 is the last possible physical sector in the data area.

Bytes 12 to 15 are set to (00).

Byte 16-(00) is set to (00).

Bytes 17 to 18 are reserved. These bytes are reserved and set to (00).

Byte 19 to 26 Disc manufacturer ID. These 8 bytes indicate the manufacturer of the disc. The unused trailing byte is set to (00).

Bytes 27 to 29 Media type ID. Disc manufacturers may have different media, which can be represented by these 3 bytes. The specific type of disk is indicated in this field.

Byte 30 Product revision number. This byte represents the product revision number expressed in binary code. All discs with the same disc manufacturer ID and the same product ID, regardless of the product revision number, must have the same recording characteristics (only minor differences are allowed: the product revision number has nothing to do with the recorder). If not used, this byte should be set to (00).

Byte 31 The number of bytes of physical format information used. This byte forms an 8-bit binary number, which represents the actual number of bytes of physical format information used.

Set to (36) to indicate that the first 54 bytes of the physical format information are in use.

Byte 32 refers to the recording speed. This byte represents the lowest possible recording speed of the disc, also known as the reference speed. For the number n, n=10×vref (n is rounded to an integer) is set to (23), which means that the reference writing speed is 3.49m/s.

Byte 33 Maximum recording speed. This byte represents the highest possible recording speed of the disc. For the number n, n=10×vref (n is rounded to an integer) is set to (54), which means that the reference writing speed is 8.44m/s.

Byte 34 Wavelength λIND. This byte represents the laser wavelength expressed in nanometers, and its optimal writing parameters are in the following bytes and have been determined. For the number n, there is n=wavelength 600 bytes 35 reserved bytes 36 The maximum read power Pr at the reference speed. This byte represents the maximum read power Pr at the reference speed, in milliwatts. For the number n, there is n=20×(Pr 0.7) byte 37 PIND at the reference speed. PIND is used in the OPC calculation method to determine the starting value of Ppo. This byte represents the designated value PIND of Ppo at the reference speed, in milliwatts. For the number n, there is n=20×(PIND5) byte 38 β target at the reference speed. This byte represents the target value of β. The β target at the reference speed is used in the OPC calculation method. For the number n, there is n=10×β target byte 39 maximum read power Pr at maximum speed. This byte represents the maximum read power at maximum speed, in milliwatts. For the number n, there is n=20×(Pr 0.7) byte 40 PIND at maximum speed. PIND is used in the OPC calculation method to determine the starting value of Ppo. This byte represents the designated value PIND of Ppo at maximum speed, in milliwatts. For the number n, there are n=20×(PIND5) bytes 41 Beta target at maximum speed. This byte represents the target value of β. The β target at the maximum speed is used in the OPC calculation method. For the number n, we have

n=10×β target byte 42 At the reference speed, the first pulse duration Ttop (4) with the current mark4. This byte indicates the duration of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when the current mark is 4T or greater when recording at the reference speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Ttop/TW]]> and 4n40 bytes. 43 When referring to the speed, the current mark=3 and the first pulse duration Ttop(=3). This byte indicates the duration of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the reference speed and the current mark is 3T.

Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Ttop/TW]]> and 4n40 bytes. 44 Multi-pulse duration Tmp at reference speed. This byte indicates the duration from the second pulse to the last pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the reference speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Tmp/TW]]> and 4n16 bytes 45 at the reference speed, the last pulse duration Tlp. This byte indicates the duration of the last pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the reference speed.

Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Tlp/TW]]> and 4n24 bytes 46 The first pulse leads the time dTtop at the reference speed. This byte represents the lead time of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence relative to the trailing edge of the second track bit of the data pulse when recording at the reference speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×dTtop/TW]]> and 0n24 bytes 47 The first pulse leading edge correction with the previous gap = 3 at the reference speed

dTle. Bit 7 to bit 4 of this byte indicate that when recording at the reference speed and the previous gap is 3T, the first pulse leading edge correction of the multi-pulse sequence. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period according to Figure 8.

Byte 48 At maximum speed, the current mark 4 first pulse duration Ttop ( 4). This byte indicates the duration of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when the current mark is 4T or greater when recording at the maximum speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Ttop/TW]]> and 4n40 bytes 49 At maximum speed, the current mark=3 first pulse duration Ttop(3). This byte indicates the duration of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the maximum speed and the current mark is 3T. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Ttop/TW]]> and 4n40 bytes 50 Multi-pulse duration Tmp at maximum speed. This byte indicates the duration from the second pulse to the last pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the maximum speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the track bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Tmp/TW]]> and 4n16 bytes 51 at the maximum speed, the last pulse duration Tlp. This byte indicates the duration of the last pulse of the multi-pulse sequence when recording at the maximum speed.

Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×Tlp/TW]]> and 4n24 bytes 52 at the maximum speed, the first pulse lead time dTtop. This byte indicates the lead time of the first pulse of the multi-pulse sequence relative to the trailing edge of the second track bit of the data pulse when recording at the maximum speed. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period. For the number n, there are n=16×dTtopTW]]> and 0n24

Byte 53 The first pulse leading edge correction dTle with an earlier gap = 3 at maximum speed. Bit 7 to bit 4 of this byte indicate that when recording at the maximum speed, and the previous gap is 3T, the first pulse leading edge correction of the multi-pulse sequence. Its value is expressed as a fraction of the channel bit clock period according to Figure 8.

Bytes 53 to 255 are reserved-all (00). These bytes are all set to (00).

Figure 8 shows the leading edge correction time. This parameter is called dTle, see the description of bit 47 in Figure 7 above. Bit 3 to bit 0 of this byte should be set to 0000. Unexplained bit combinations are not used.

Figure 9 shows the record carrier sector number. The recordable area is called the information area. The information area contains all the information about data exchange on the disk. The information area can contain one or more stages. Each stage is divided into three parts: import/guide area, data area and export/finish area. There is an information area on each side of the double-sided disc. The data area is used to record user data. The lead-in area contains control information. The lead-out area can be continuously and smoothly exported, and it also contains control information. The inner and outer drive areas are for disk inspection. The single-stage disk is described. In this kind of disc, the lead-in area, the data area, and the lead-out area constitute a recordable area, in which information is recorded using an irreversible effect. The layout of the multi-stage disc will be explained later.

Figure 10 shows the layout of the recorded single-stage disc. The information area of a single-sided disc and the information area of each side of a double-sided disc are subdivided into an inner drive area, a lead-in area, a data area, a lead-out area, and an outer drive area. The radius of these zones is marked with the nominal value of the first (or last) track center of the zone. The physical sector number (PSN) of the first physical sector in each zone is also indicated. The first PSN of the data area will be (030000). The PSN of each next physical sector in the entire information area is increased by 1.

Figure 11 shows the inner drive area. The inner drive area is the innermost area of the disc, and it is used by the drive that implements the disc check and OPC calculation method. The physical sector numbers of the first and last physical sectors of each part are represented by hexadecimal and decimal numbers, and the number of physical sectors of each part is represented by decimal numbers. The following is subdivided into:-Initial area: This area remains blank.

-Internal disk inspection area: 16384 physical sectors are reserved for drive inspection and OPC.

-Inner disk counting area: 4096 physical sectors are reserved for counting the number of OPC calculations performed in the inner disk inspection area. Whenever an ECC block or part of it in the check area of the inner disc has been recorded, 4 physical sectors are recorded in the count area of the inner disc to mark the ECC block.

-Inner Disk Management Area: 4096 physical sectors will be used for alternative designated drive area information. The main data in the 16 physical sectors at the beginning of this area are all filled with (00). The inner disk management area contains drive area information, such as drive identification (drive ID) and data defined by the drive manufacturer.

-Phase mapping area: 4096 physical sectors are used to store the location information of the phases and records on the disk. The main data in the 16 physical sectors at the beginning of this area are all filled with (00). This area contains 2 parts: Part 1: Contains 191 ECC blocks, called Phase Mapping Block (SEM), used to store the position of all closed phases, Part 2: Contains 1024 physical sectors, 4 sectors are composed of a unit, each Each unit corresponds to one ADIP word. These units will be used as recording area indicators.

Figure 12 shows the format of the stage mapping block (SEM). Whenever a phase is closed, the position of all closed phases will be recorded in the next ECC block in the phase mapping area immediately after the last SEM. The first ECC block in the stage mapping area must be used as a replacement plug-in for the second ECC block. If all 191 blocks are used up, additional stages can still be added, but it is necessary for the drive area to use a search procedure to find additional stages. The figure shows the content of each physical sector SEM: physical sector 0/byte D0 to D3-content descriptor. These characters represent the stage DCB and are set to (544F4300), which represents the character "SDC" and version number 0.

Physical sector 0/byte D4 to D7-reserved. Set to (00) physical sector 0/byte D8 to D39-drive ID. These bytes will contain the drive ID.

Physical sector 0/byte D40 to D63-reserved. Set to (00) physical sector 0/byte D64 to D2047-stage entry. These bytes are divided into units of 16 bytes each. Each 16-byte unit contains entries as shown in Figure 13. All unused bytes are set to (00).

Figure 13 shows the stage entry. The stage mapping block (SEM) contains stage entries for each shutdown stage on the disc. The phase entries are sorted by increasing number and address, as follows: Bytes B0 to B2: These 3 bytes characterize the entry type and are set to (53.53.4E), representing the character "SSN".

Byte B3: This byte represents the sequence number of the stage represented by this entry.

Bytes B4 to B7: These 4 bytes represent the PSN of the first physical sector in the data area of the stage represented by this entry.

Bytes B8 to B11: These 4 bytes represent the PSN of the last physical sector in the data area of the stage represented by this entry.

Bytes B12 to B15: These 4 bytes are reserved and set to (00).

Figure 14 shows the recording area indicator. The last part of the SEM area of the recording SEM block 61 is schematically drawn. The mapping area 60 is located at the end of the SEM area. The next zone, the protected zone 62, is marked at the right end. The mapping area starts recording from the highest address. The recorded part 64 indicates a recorded area of the recordable area, and the unrecorded part 63 indicates an unrecorded area. In order to speed up the access of the disc, the recorder needs to know which area of the disc can find the last written ECC block. For this purpose, the mapping area is determined, which is based on the recording area being 4 physical sectors in size, and each area is equivalent to an ADIP word. These areas will record random EFM signals. No gaps between the recorded ADIP words are allowed. 1024 physical sectors are reserved for this purpose, allowing the disc to be divided into a maximum of 256 areas. The recording area indicator will be used from the outside of the SEM area to the inside of the SEM area. With the help of "HF-Detection", the recorder can find the starting position of the recording area indicator and determine in which area the last recorded ECC block can be found. PSN=(030000) and PSN=(26053F) between 640 Each area of the ECC block is equivalent to a recording area indicator. All areas up to and including the last recorded ECC block will be indicated by their recording area indicator. Mathematical form: If the first recording area indicator consists of physical sectors from PSNRAI to PSNRAI+3, the last recorded ECC block can be found in the following interval: PSN={(02A47C)-(PSNRAI)}×(A0) +(030000) and PSN={(02A47C)-(PSNRAI)}×(A0)+(030280), or expressed in decimal: PSN={173180-PSNRAI}×160+196608 and PSN={173180 -PSNRAI}×160+197248.

Figure 15 shows the lead-in area. The lead-in area is located inside the information area. There is no data recorded in the lead-in area of the brand-new disc. After the disc is finally completed or the first stage is closed, the lead-in area will have the following records. The areas and addresses shown in Fig. 15 are as follows (the symbols are the same as those in Fig. 11):-Protected area 1: The protected area is used as the minimum amount of lead-in area required to generate compatibility. This area will contain 14,848 physical sectors, all filled with the main data setting (00).

-Reserved area 1: 4096 physical sectors are reserved and set to (00).

-Reserved area 2: 64 physical sectors are reserved and set to (00).

-Internal disc identification area: 256 physical sectors are reserved for information consistent with the data exchange party. A group of 16 physical sectors from a certain ECC block is either a disk control block (DCB) or main data recorded in full (00). Each ECC block in this area is followed by a main data recorded with all (00) will also be recorded with all (00) main data.

-Reserved area 3: 64 physical sectors are reserved and set to (00).

-Reference code area 3: The recording reference code area is composed of 32 physical sectors of two ECC blocks, and a specific track bit pattern is generated on the disc. This is achieved by setting all 2048 main data bytes of each corresponding data frame to (AC). Secondly, no encryption coding is applied to these data frames, except for the first 160 main data bytes of the first data frame of each ECC block.

-Buffer 1: This area is composed of 480 physical sectors of 30 ECC blocks. The main data of the data frame in this area is set to all (00).

-Control data area: This area is composed of 3072 physical sectors of 192 ECC blocks. The contents of 16 physical sectors in each ECC block are repeated 192 times.

-Buffer 2: This recording area is composed of 512 physical sectors of 32 ECC blocks. The main data of the data frame in this area is set to all (00).

Figure 16 shows the structure of the control data block. The first 2048 bytes constitute physical format information, and its content is shown in Figure 7. The next 2048 bytes constitute disc manufacturer information. The last 14×2048 bytes can be used as content provider information. In the embodiment of this device, 28,682 bytes of content provider information is set to zero (00). The data received from the host is blocked and is not recorded in this area. This confidentiality prevents data, such as the key to decode DVD video discs, from being recorded here. The physical format information includes disc and format information. The information in bytes 0 to 255 is copied from the ADIP auxiliary data when the disc is finally completed or the first stage is closed, and will reflect the actual status of the disc or the first stage (for example, the actual end of the data area). Except for the following bytes of all 256 bytes, their meaning and content are the same as the physical disc information specified in Figure 7: Byte 0-Disc type and version number. Bits b7 to b4 indicate the disc type, which means DVD+R. plate.

Bits b3 to b0 indicate the version number of the system description. Byte 1-Disk size and maximum transfer rate. Bits b7 to b4 indicate the disk size. Set to 0000, which means 120mm disk. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the maximum read transfer rate.

These bits can be set to one of the following values, depending on the maximum read rate required in the application: 0000: the maximum transmission rate is 2.52Mbits/s0001: the maximum transmission rate is 5.04Mbits/s0010: the maximum transmission rate is 10.08Mbits/s

1111: The maximum transmission rate is not specified.

All other combinations are reserved and not used.

Byte 2-Disk structure. Bits b7 to b4 are set to 0000. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the type of recording layer: set to 0010, which means that the recording layer is written once.

Byte 4 to 15-Data area arrangement byte 4 is set to (00).

Bytes 5 to 7 are set to (030000), which means that the PSN 196,608 of the first physical sector of the data area is set to (00).

Bytes 9 to 11 indicate the sector number of the last physical sector in the data area of the first stage.

Bytes 12 to 15 are set to (00).

Bytes 256 to 2047 are reserved. These remaining bytes have nothing to do with ADIP information and are set to zero (00).

Figure 17 shows the lead-out area. The top of the figure is the data area 70 where the user records data. The data area has 2,295,104 physical sectors as user data areas. The starting radius of the data area is determined by the location of the ADIP physical address (00C000). The data area is followed by the lead-out area. The lead-out area is located outside the information area. Figure 17 shows the following parts:-Buffer 3: This recording area is composed of 768 physical sectors. The last possible starting position of buffer 3 is (260540). The main data of the data frame in this area is set to all (00).

-External disc identification area: 256 physical sectors are reserved for information consistent with the data exchange party. A group of 16 physical sectors from a certain ECC block is either a disk control block (DCB) or main data recorded in full (00). The content of this area is equivalent to the content of the last inner stage identification area (or equivalent to the content of the inner disc identification area in a single-stage disc).

-Protected area 2: This protected area is used as a protection that separates the test writing area from the information area containing user data. This area will be filled with the main data set to (00). This area contains at least 4096 physical sectors.

-Outer drive area: The outer drive area is the outermost area of the disc, which is used by the drive for disc testing and OPC calculations.

Figure 18 shows the outer drive zone, which starts in protection zone 2. The following parts are shown:

-External Disk Management Area: 4096 physical sectors are used for optional drive description information. The first 16 physical sectors in this area will be filled with main data set to (00). This area can be used in the same way as the internal disk management area (see 0).

-Outer disk count area: 4096 physical sectors are reserved for counting the number of OPC calculations performed in the outer disk inspection area.

-Outer disk inspection area: 16384 physical sectors are reserved for drive testing and OPC calculations. Whenever an ECC block or part of it in the check area of the inner disc has been recorded, 4 physical sectors are recorded in the count area of the outer disc to mark the ECC block.

-Protection area 3: This area remains blank.

Figure 19 shows the layout of the multi-stage disc information area. There can be multiple stages on the disc; stage 1, stage 2 and final stage N are shown in the figure. The phase with lead and end is called the closing phase. The lead-in area instead of the lead-in area will lead the first stage, and the lead-out area instead of the tail-end area will follow the final stage. Once the lead-out area is recorded, the disc is called "final completed" and recording is no longer allowed. The phase without guidance and closing is called the opening phase. Except for the last stage, which can be an open stage, all other stages must be closed. User data can only be appended during the opening phase. If all stages are closed, you can add a new open stage. As shown in Figure 15, the first closing phase on the disk should have an import. There will be a guide for the subsequent closing phase, see below. As mentioned below, each closing phase will have an end, except for the last phase, which has an export, see Figure 17.

Every new stage that appears after the first stage starting at PSN 30000 starts with a pilot zone. The leading area is composed of buffer area A, inner stage identification area, stage control data area and buffer area B. Bits b27 to b26 of all physical sector data frames in the lead area are set to zero, indicating that the lead area seems to be the data area illustrated in FIG. 9. Buffer A is composed of 64 physical sectors and is set to (00). The internal phase identification area is composed of reserved 256 physical sectors and is used for information consistent with the data exchange party. A group of every 16 physical sectors from a certain ECC block is either a disk control block (DCB) (see FIG. 21) or main data recorded in all (00). Each ECC block in this area followed by a main data recorded with all (00) will also be recorded with all (00) main data. The phase control data area is composed of 640 physical sectors from 40 ECC blocks. The contents of the 16 physical sectors of each ECC block are repeated 40 times. The structure of the control data block will be shown in Figure 16. Finally, buffer B is composed of 64 physical sectors and is set to (00).

Each stage ends with a closing area, which consists of two parts, one is the buffer zone C, and the other is the outer stage identification area. Bits b27 to b26 of all physical sector data frames in the tail area are set to zero, which means that the tail area seems to be a data area. The buffer C is composed of 768 physical sectors and is set to (00). The outer stage identification area is composed of reserved 256 physical sectors for information consistent with the data exchange party. A group of 16 physical sectors from a certain ECC block is either a disk control block (DCB) (see FIG. 21) or main data recorded in all (00). The content of this area is equivalent to the content of the last inner logo area.

The write-once record carrier according to the present invention, such as a DVD+R disc, will sequentially record from the inside of the disc to the outside of the disc. When the disc has a lead-in area, all stages have been closed, and there is no blank area from the beginning of the lead-in area to the end or the end of the lead-out area in order to achieve compatibility with read-only devices.

Figure 20 shows the details of stage n of the opening. New data can be added to the disc by appending data to the opening phase. If all stages have been closed, a new stage will be opened. A new stage is opened by recording the buffer area A and SDCB (stage disc control block, see Fig. 22) of the first ECC block in the inner stage identification area. And the leading buffer B is also recorded. The first stage on the blank disk is opened by recording the reserved area 2 and SDCB of the first ECC block in the inner stage identification area. Moreover, for the first stage on the blank disk, the buffer 2 of the lead-in area will also be recording. The user data added to the data area should be immediately linked with the user data written in the data area earlier or with the data written in one of the reserved areas. If a recorded area is guided by a reserved area, another ECC block is needed as a replacement plug-in for the first ECC block in the recording area. The other ECC blocks must be regarded as part of the recording area, and therefore do not belong to the reserved area of the boot.

When there is no more user data to record, the stage will be closed. If you want to be compatible with the DVD-RO device, all stages on the disc should be closed. To close a certain stage is to record all remaining parts in the lead-in/lead-in area and add it to the close-out area. In the lead-in area or the lead-in area, the control data area will be recorded. In each guide, the stage control data area will be recorded in 40 ECC blocks. The format is based on the above description and refer to Figure 15. The following is the physical format information setting: byte 0-disk type and version number bits b7 to b4 Indicate the disc type, set to a predetermined value, which means DVD+R disc.

Bits b3 to b0 indicate the version number, which is set to a predetermined value to indicate the standard version.

Byte 1-Disk size and maximum transfer rate. Bits b7 to b4 indicate that the disk size is set to 0000, indicating that a 120mm disk. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the maximum read transfer rate.

These bits can be set to one of the following values (depending on the maximum read rate required by the application): 0000: indicates that the maximum transfer rate is 2.52Mbits/s0001: indicates that the maximum transfer rate is 5.04Mbits/s0010: indicates that the maximum transfer rate is 10.08 Mbits/s1111: indicates that the maximum transmission rate is not given.

All other combinations are reserved but not used.

Byte 2-Disk structure. Bits b7 to b4 are set to 0000. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the type of recording layer: set to 0010, which means that the recording layer is written once.

Byte 3-Recording density. Bits b7 to b4 indicate the average track bit length of the information area, set to 0000, which means 0.133μm. Bits b3 to b0 indicate the average track pitch, set to 0000, which means that the average track pitch is 0.74μm. Bytes 4 to 15-Data area placement byte 4 is set to (00) bytes 5 to 7 indicate the first physical sector sector number of the data area of the current stage Byte 8 is set to (00) bytes 9 to 11 indicate the data of the current stage The last physical sector sector number bytes 12 to 15 of the zone are set to (00) bytes 16 to 255-reserved-all (00). These bytes are not copied from the ADIP information, but are set to (00).

Bytes 256 to 2 047-reserved-full (00) These remaining bytes have nothing to do with ADIP information, and are set to (00) disc manufacturer information and content provider information, see the previous description.

See the description of the finishing area below. When a certain stage is closed, the buffer C will be recorded together with the outer stage identification area.

When there are no more stages to record, the user can decide to finalize the disc. When the disc is finally completed, the lead-out area described above with reference to Fig. 17 is recorded instead of the ending area. It is no longer possible to add data after the disc is finally completed.

Figure 21 shows the general format of the disc control block. The Disk Control ECC Block (DCB) is presented in a structure on the disk, including additional information exchanged between data exchange parties. The DCB is recorded in the inner and outer identification areas of the disc or stage. The first 40 data bytes of all DCBs have the same format. A special DCB is specified to reflect the state of the stage. If the disk control block must be updated, the replacement DCB should be written immediately after the last written DCB in the internal phase identification area. Once the stage has been closed, the DCB can no longer be updated. The definition of the main data of each disk control block is as follows (see Figure 21): Bytes D0 to D3-content descriptor-if set to (00000000), DCB is not used. The content descriptors of all subsequent DCBs in this inner or outer identification area will be set to (00000000). All remaining bytes, D4 to D2 047 of physical sector 0, and D0 to D2 047 of physical sector 1 to 15 will be set to (00).

-If set to (53444300), this DCB is the stage DCB (SDCB) defined as follows.

-All other values of the content descriptor are reserved.

Each new DCB added to the inner or outer marking block shall be inscribed at the first available unwritten DCB position.

Each DCB whose content descriptor in the inner identification area of a certain stage is not set to (00000000) has the same DCB in the outer identification area of the corresponding stage. The order of DCB in the inner marking area is the same as the order in the outer marking area.

Bytes D4 to D7-Unknown Content Descriptor Action-These bits are used to indicate the action that needs to be taken when the content and purpose of the DCB are unknown (for example, the content descriptor is not set to a known specified value). These bytes form a field consisting of 32 bits.

Bits b31 to b4 are reserved. These bits are set to all zeros.

If bit b3 is set to one, the DCB will be overwritten, and the others will be set to zero and it is not allowed to replace the current DCB.

If bit b2 is set to one, format, the others will be set to zero, and it is not allowed or impossible to reformat the disk.

If bit b1 is set to one, DCB read protection, others will be set to zero, indicating that the information in this DCB can only be used by the drive and cannot be transmitted outside the drive.

If bit b0 is set to one, the data area will be written, and the others will be set to zero, and recording in the data area is not allowed.

Bytes D8 to D39-Drive ID-Bytes D8 to D39 contain a unique descriptor, indicating that the drive has written DCB. The format of this unique drive identifier is as follows: Bytes D8 to D23 represent the manufacturer of the drive. Bytes D24 to D35 indicate the name/model of the drive. Bytes D36 to D39 contain the unique serial number of the drive. 4 bytes will form a 32-bit binary number.

-Byte 40 to D2047 content descriptor description. These bytes are described in detail by the DCB described by the actual value of the content descriptor.

Physical sector 1 to 15: byte D0 to D2047 content descriptor description. These bytes give a detailed description of the DCB format description with the actual value of the content descriptor.

Figure 22 shows the format of the stage disc control block (SDCB). Both the lead-in/lead-in area and lead-out/final area of the phase will contain an SDCB containing the phase map of the phase. The SDCB in the inner and outer stage characterization area is the same, and its content is as follows: physical sector 0/byte D0 to D3-content descriptor. These bytes represent the stage DCB and are set to (53444300), representing the character "SDC" and the version number 0.

Physical sector 0/byte D4 to D7-unknown content descriptor action. The setting of these bytes to (0000000D) means that if the system does not know the DCB, the DCB will not be replaced, the disk cannot be formatted, and writing to the data area is not allowed, and the transfer of DCB information from the drive to the host computer is allowed.

Physical sector 0/byte D8 to D39-drive ID. These bytes contain the drive ID, such as bytes D8 to D39 described in Figure 21 above.

Physical sector 0/byte D40 to D41-phase number. These bytes indicate the sequence number of the stage to which the SDCB belongs. The sequence number of the first stage is 1, and each subsequent stage number will increase by one.

Physical sector 0/byte D42 to D63-reserved. Reserve these bytes and set to (00).

Physical sector 0/byte D64 to D95-disk ID. In the SDCB of the inner disc identification area in the first stage lead-in area, when the disc is initialized (open the first stage), these 32 bytes will be recorded into a random, statistically unique 256-bit binary number.

In the SDCB of the inner disc identification area in the subsequent stages of navigation, bytes D64 to D95 will be set to all (00).

Physical sector 0/byte D96 to D127-application related fields. This field consists of 32 bytes and is reserved for applications to store information, such as specific copy protection data. If the application does not specify this setting, these bytes will be set to (00). These bytes can be set independently in each stage.

Physical sector 0/byte D128 to D2047-stage entry (SES). These bytes are divided into groups of 16 bytes each. Each 16-byte unit can contain one of two different types of SES entries:-a reserved area entry, which indicates the reserved area in the current stage-an earlier stage entry, which indicates the start and end addresses of the earlier stage. All unused bytes are set to (00).

Figure 23 shows the reserved area entries. An SDCB can contain more than one reserved area entry. If there is no reserved area, there is no reserved area entry. If a new reserved area needs to be added to an existing open phase, a new SDCB is written into the identification area in the current phase, followed by the last SDCB. The last SDCB in the inner identification area is a valid SDCB. The reserved areas in a phase cannot overlap. The reserved area entries are sorted by increasing addresses. The arrangement of the reserved area entries shown in the figure is as follows: Bytes B0 to B2: These 3 bytes indicate the type of entry, set to (525356), representing the character "RSV".

Byte B3: This byte indicates the sequence number of the reserved area. The sequence number of the first reserved area in the phase is 1, and the number of each subsequent reserved area will increase by 1.

Bytes B4 to B7: These 4 bytes indicate that the PSN of the first physical sector belongs to the reserved area of this article.

Bytes B8 to B11: These 4 bytes indicate that the PSN of the last physical sector belongs to the reserved area of this article.

Bytes B12 to B15: These 4 bytes are reserved and set to (00).

Figure 24 shows the earlier stage entries. For each stage ahead of the current stage, the SDCB contains an entry for the previous stage. The SDCB in the first phase will not contain entries from earlier phases. In the earlier stage, the entries were sorted by increasing addresses. The arrangement of the early stage entries shown in the figure is as follows: Bytes B0 to B2: These 3 bytes indicate the type of entry, set to (53534E), representing the character "SSE".

Byte B3: This byte indicates the sequence number of the previous stage specified by this article.

Bytes B4 to B7: These 4 bytes indicate the PSN of the first physical sector in the data area of the earlier stage specified by this article.

Bytes B8 to B11: These 4 bytes indicate the PSN of the last physical sector in the data area of the earlier stage specified by this article.

Bytes B12 to B15: These 4 bytes are reserved and set to (00).

Although the present invention has been described mainly in an embodiment for DVD+R, similar embodiments are also suitable for other optical recording systems. The same applies to optical discs for information carriers, but it can also be applied to other media, such as magnetic disks or tapes. It should be noted that the word "comprising" in this document does not exclude the existence of parts or steps other than those already listed in the text. The word "a" or "an" before a part does not exclude the There are plural components, and any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims. The present invention can be implemented by means of both hardware and software. Several "means" can be represented by the same hardware items. Moreover, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the present invention depends on each of the above and each new feature or combination of features.