Dedicated backhaul link for coverage of whole family

Dedicated backhaul for whole family coverage

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This document is entitled to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 filed on November 10, 2015 under the name METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WHOLE HOME WI-FI COVERAGE (Attorney Docket No. 110729-8045.USOO). /253,540; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/336,503 filed on May 13, 2016 entitled DEDICATED BACKHAUL FOR WHOLE HOME COVERAGE (Attorney Docket No. 110729-8058.USOO); all these patents The entire content is incorporated into this article by reference.

[0003] This application relates to a co-pending US patent application number 15/287, 704 entitled "RATE ESTIMATION IN A WIRELESS MESH NETWORK (Attorney Docket No. 110729-8051.US01) filed on October 6, 2016 , U.S. Patent Application No. 15/287,706 filed on October 6, 2016 entitled ROAMING IN A WIRELESS MESH NETWORK (Attorney Volume 110729-8052.US01); filed on October 6, 2016 entitled DEDICATED US Patent Application No. 15/287,711 for BACKHAUL LINK FOR A ROBUST WIRELESS MESH NETWORK (Attorney Volume 110729-8053.US01)_o Technical field

[0004] The present invention relates to telecommunications networks. More specifically, the present invention relates to a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage.

Background technique

[0005] In a hierarchical telecommunication network, the backhaul part of the network includes a core network, or an intermediate link between a backbone network and a small sub-network at the edge of the entire hierarchical network. In the home, such a network may include an access point (AP) with links to various repeaters. Mesh networks are often used to establish wireless backhaul between APs and various repeaters. With a mesh network, multiple access points are connected wirelessly and exchange data frames with each other to forward services to or from a gateway point, such as an AP. However, mesh networks are difficult to establish and maintain, especially where the intermediate link between the edge and the access point is added, for example, when the intermediate repeater is between the AP and the remote repeater outside the range of the AP When relaying business.

Summary of the invention

[0006] The dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage applies optimization techniques in many aspects, for example, using the 5GHz high-frequency band or low-frequency band as the dedicated backhaul; if the 5GHz frequency band fails to reach between the nodes, the 2.4GHz frequency band is used as a backup; When Ethernet is better than the 5GHz and 2.4GHz bands and can be obtained, use Ethernet; and use spanning tree protocol or variants to avoid loops. If the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the dedicated channel is higher than the threshold, the dedicated backhaul is used. In an embodiment, the daisy chain uses the content of the probe request to convey the number of hops and link quality between nodes, and tries to route directly if the link quality is better than a defined threshold. For each additional hop, there must be a certain percentage of gain over the smaller hops. If the link is below a certain threshold, it is not used.

Description of the drawings

[0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention;

[0008] FIG. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the 5GHz backhaul according to the present invention;

[0009] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a 5GHz backhaul (FIG. 2) 2.4GHz and a 5GHz backhaul (FIG. 2) according to the present invention;

[0010] FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the start-up operation phase of a star topology for a dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage according to the present invention;

[0011] FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the daisy-chain operation phases of a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention;

[0012] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the roaming operation stage of an 802.Hk/v client for a dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage according to the present invention;

[0013] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a traditional client handover (steering) operation phase of a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention;

[0014] FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the 2.4 GHz channel selection operation phase of a dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage according to the present invention;

[0015] FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the operating phases of the ACS system for dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage according to the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation stage of a router or bridge for a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a detailed star topology start-up operation phase of a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention; and

[0018] FIG. 12 shows a pictorial representation of a machine in an example form of a computer system in which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform one or more of the methods described herein may be executed.

Specific embodiment

[001 Edge] Embodiments of the present invention provide several techniques for establishing and maintaining dedicated backhauls for coverage of the entire home. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a dedicated backhaul for whole home coverage according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the system of the smart Wi-Fi node 10 includes a dedicated backhaul 12 to provide the entire home coverage and fastest speed to the Internet. In operation, the router is placed in the service as an access point (AP). Then add satellite devices, synchronize to the AP, and establish a dedicated backhaul between them. The LED on the device indicates the progress and success of the synchronization of the device.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention apply optimization techniques in many aspects, for example, use the 5GHz high-frequency band or low-frequency band as a dedicated backhaul; if the 5GHz frequency band fails to reach the nodes, use the 2.4GHz frequency band as a backup; When it is better than the 5GHz and 2.4GHz bands and can be obtained, use Ethernet; and use spanning tree protocol or variants to avoid loops.

[0021] In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, the Spanning Tree Protocol is a network protocol that establishes a logical loop-free topology for an Ethernet network, and its basic function is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation caused by them. Spanning tree also allows network design to include backup (redundant) links to provide an automatic backup path in the event of a failure of the active link. There is no danger of bridging loops or the need to manually enable or disable these backup links. As the name implies, the spanning tree algorithm creates a spanning tree in the network of connected layer 2 bridges and disables those links that are not part of the spanning tree, leaving a single active path between any two network nodes. The spanning tree algorithm was originally standardized as IEEE 802. ID, but in terms of function, spanning tree, rapid spanning tree, and multiple spanning trees that were previously specified in 802.1D, 802. Is, and 802.1w have been incorporated separately To IEEE 802.1Q-2014.

[0022] In the embodiment of the present invention, if the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the dedicated channel is higher than the threshold, the dedicated backhaul is used. The threshold is a parameter that can be defined and modified on the hardware after the hardware certification is completed.

[0023] Some embodiments of the present invention apply a daisy chain method (discussed below), which uses probe request content to convey the number of hops and link quality between nodes. If the link quality is better than the defined threshold, such an implementation attempts direct routing. For each additional hop, there must be a certain percentage of gain over the smaller hops. If the link is below a certain threshold, it is not used; and Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is extended to several nodes so that the nodes can connect to anyone.

[0024] When a new node is added to the network, the node sees the content of the information element of the daisy chain from all adjacent nodes. In addition to the content, the node checks the signal strength of other APs by using the content of the information element (hop count, data rate to the main AP) and the RSSI of the neighboring node. Then the node decides which AP it wants to connect to. It is preferable to select the master AP or a node with fewer hops to avoid additional delay and multiple hop overhead.

[0025] In some embodiments of the invention, the backhaul is used to push the configuration. In such an embodiment of the present invention, a node that is in the network and is talking on the backhaul channel can configure a new node. The configuration can be pushed by pressing a button or through an application on a smartphone.

[0026] There is a synchronization button on each unit. The user can press the sync button on the new unit and press the sync button on any pre-existing unit. This synchronization triggers the software process, causing new units to be programmed by units already on the network. During this process, the new unit receives Wi-Fi configuration, network configuration and other configuration files.

[0027] The mobile phone application can trigger the synchronization process by using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or both to communicate with the new unit and the pre-existing unit.

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, the 5 GHz high frequency band is defined as a dedicated backhaul. The high frequency band is defined as channels 100 to 140+149 to 165 in the United States, and is defined as channels 100 to 140 in the DFS frequency band in Europe. If the dedicated wireless link drops below the quality threshold, the 2.4GHz band can be used as a backup option. The decision on which frequency band to use for the backhaul may vary depending on the accessory.

[002] Figure 2 is an example where a dedicated 5GHz frequency band is used as a communication method between two devices. In FIG. 2, a plurality of client devices 20a-20c are associated with corresponding nodes 22a-22c. Each node includes one or more 2.4GHz radios and one or more 5GHz radios. The nodes are connected through a dedicated 5GHz backhaul connection 23,24. When the 5GHz connection is not available, the 2.4GHz connection 25 can be used as a backhaul. When the 2.4GHz connection is used as the backhaul, it is shared by the client and the backhaul. Those skilled in the art will understand that when such a connection is not available, any other connection can replace the 5GHz backhaul connection, including, for example, another 5GHz radio, radios in frequency bands other than 5GHz and 2.4GHz, etc.

[0030] FIG. 3 is an example in which a dedicated 5 GHz frequency band is used for one accessory and 2.4 GHz is used for another accessory. In FIG. 3, a plurality of client devices 26a-26c are associated with corresponding nodes 27a-27c. Each node includes one or more 2.4GHz radios and one or more 5GHz radios. The nodes 27a, 27b are connected via a dedicated 5GHz backhaul connection 28. When the 5GHz connection is not available, the 2.4GHz connection 29 is used as a dedicated backhaul between nodes 27a, 27c.

[0031] FIGS. 4-11 are flowcharts showing the operational phases of a dedicated backhaul for the entire home coverage according to the present invention, where FIG. 4 shows star topology startup, and FIG. 5 shows a daisy chain flowchart Figure 6 shows 802.Hk/v client roaming, Figure 7 shows traditional client handover, Figure 8 shows 2.4GHz channel selection, Figure 9 shows the system ACS, and Figure 10 shows the router Or the bridge is determined, and Figure 11 shows the detailed star topology startup. In some embodiments, 802.11r is used to accelerate key exchange.

[0032] The topology defines an arrangement in which nodes are connected in the network, including which nodes are directly connected, and which communication channels and technologies are used for calls between different nodes. A star topology is an arrangement in which all nodes

The points are directly connected to the base node. The base node is the node connected to the home gateway. In a star topology, the software running on the accessory and the base node makes a decision as to which wireless frequency band is the best for the connection between the accessory and the base. If the dedicated frequency band is available for communication and the quality of the dedicated link is better than the defined threshold, then the dedicated wireless frequency band is the preferred method of wireless communication.

[0033] The wireless features in the embodiments of the present invention include star topology or daisy chain topology, given network topology and channel conditions, client switching, cell loading by using vendor specific information elements (VIE) and WPS, automatic Channel selection (ACS) and 2.4G bandwidth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and channel planning. For the purposes of this discussion, a VIE is a vendor-specific information element (IE) that a vendor such as Netgear can add to the communication information. All IEs described here are vendor IEs.

[0034] For star only, the 5GHz dedicated channel is the main backhaul channel. If 5GHz does not work, the system tries to use the 2.4GHz frequency band. The unit is associated on two frequency bands, and if the RSSI is higher than a predefined threshold, for example, -80dBm, 5GHz is used. If the RSSI is lower than the threshold, the accessory unit uses the 2.4GHz frequency band as the backhaul, and the 5GHz backhaul is not used. If the RSSI in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands is below the threshold (-80dBm), the LED indicates that the unit needs to be moved closer.

[0035] In FIG. 4, the star topology start-up sequence starts from start/reconnect (100), where start Scan_count=0 (102). Perform a scan on all radios, where Scan_count = Scan_count + l (104). If basic radios are detected (106), they are associated with the basics in the dedicated 5GHz and 2.4GHz frequency bands (108). If a determination is made that RSSI D>threshold D>(110), the dedicated radio is used as a backhaul (112), and the system waits for T (114). The system then attempts to associate a dedicated 5GHz radio if it has not been associated (116) and makes a determination of RSSI D base>threshold D base (110). If the determination of RSSI Daa>threshold Daa (110) is not made, where RSSI_2G basis>threshold 2G (120), if possible, use 2.4GHz as the backhaul (118), and if it is not available, the system opens to move closer to the notification ( 122). If the basic radio is not detected (106), and Scan_count<Scan_threshold (124), the system opens a connectionless notification (126).

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, a daisy chain is used. In the daisy chain, if the RSSI meets a predetermined threshold, the 5GHz dedicated frequency band is preferred. If possible, the system tries to use 5GHz dedicated and star type. If the 5GHz star cannot be used, the system tries to use a 5GHz daisy chain. If 5GHz does not work in a star or daisy chain topology, the system tries to use 2.4G as a last resort. If the RSSI is good enough, a 5GHz dedicated daisy chain is preferred compared to the 2.4GHz frequency band.

[0037] In Figure 5, the daisy chain sequence begins (200), and the system scans on all three radios (202). If the radio is not found (204), the system indicates that the user should move closer (228). The system measures the following RSSI values:

[0038] «RSSI 2G» = RSSI in 2.4GHz,

[0039] · RSSI 2G Pao=Maximum RSSI in 2.4GHz,

[0040]-RSSI Dajib = RSSI for dedicated backhaul,

[0041] RSSI Inter=Maximum RSSI for dedicated backhaul (206) and,

[0042] The RSSI is then determined. Chuan out>threshold 1 (208). If it is, the system associates to a basic AP (210) in a dedicated frequency band and 2.4 GHz. However, if RSSI D»>threshold 2 and the number of hops Vmax_hop (maximum number of hops) (212), the system associates to an AP with RSSI in 2.4GHz and 5GHz dedicated (214). In addition, if the RSSI D drug>threshold value 3, the system checks the maximum number of hops (216), and if so, associates it to the basis in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz backhaul (218). Again, if RSSI D»>threshold 4 and the number of hops Vmax_hop (220), the system associates to the highest 2.4GHz RSSI (222) and indicates that the user should move closer (226).

[0043] In the embodiments of the present invention, for client handover using Basic Service Set (BSS) Transition Management (BTM), the system relies on 802.11v and 802. Ilk when it is available and when the client is operating. This is the safest switch. For on-band handover, the system uses RSSI and load to move the client from 2.4GHz to 5GHz. The system does not use load to move the client from 5GHz to 2.4G. When moving the client from the unit to the unit, if the RSSI drops below a certain threshold, the system checks the RSSI of other APs. If the RSSI of other APs is higher than the threshold at 5GHz, the system moves to 5GHz; if the RSSI of other APs If it is higher than some other threshold in the 2.4GHz frequency band, the system will move the client to 2.4G of this other AP.

[0044] In FIG. 6, for 802.Hk/v client roaming, if the RSSI V threshold vk (300) is not true, the system waits for T1 (310); and if it is true, the system performs measurement Ilk (302) ) _oIf the largest RSSI 5G>thresh_5G vk (304), the system sends the BTM to the best 5GHz (312). If not, the system determines whether the maximum RSSI 2G> thresh_2.G vk (306), if yes, the system sends the BTM to the best 2.4GHz (314), otherwise the system waits for T2 (308) ο

[0045] In the embodiments of the present invention, the wireless features used for traditional client handover are used for clients that do not support 802.11v/k or clients that do not have the correct implementation. If the client does not have an uplink data packet within X seconds, the client is switched during the idle period. The RSSI threshold is lower than the threshold for disconnecting the client. For 2.4GHz and 5GHz, RSSI can be different. When the client connects back, the system tries to switch the client to the correct AP by associating the client to an AP with an RSSI higher than the threshold and a hop count higher than the threshold. The system rejects the probe response and tries to measure RSSI X times. Then, the system lets the client associate to any frequency band of any radio it desires.

[0046] In FIG. 7, in the traditional client handover, on each unit, determine whether num_re jected_probe>X (400) in the past n seconds, if so, the unit responds and is allowed (402). The system for the allowed units determines whether RSSKthresh de-auth (404), sends de-auth (406), measures the probes on all interfaces (408), and determines the 5ORSSI 5G with the best RSSI (410). If the latter is true, the system responds and allows the backhaul on the best 5GHz (412); otherwise, the system responds and allows the backhaul on the best 2.4GHz (4).

[004] In an embodiment of the present invention, WPS is used to load new units on the backhaul and to add units with different backhaul credentials to the network. WPS works with a hidden SSID on the backhaul. Only the unit with VIE can pass the WPS process on the dedicated channel.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, the VIE is used for the marking device. VIEs are included in probes, beacons, association and authentication frames or a subset of these packets. The device looks for the VIE to view the other side. If the VIE exists, the device passes the eight-way handshake.

[0049] Supplier IE content includes capabilities, dedicated frequency bands, number of hops, switching capabilities and transmit power, 2.4GHz channel planning and 5GHz channel planning.

[0050] There may be one or more VIEs defined by the vendor, which are used to provide information about the node to new devices that are not connected or joined to the network. The new device must know what other devices in the network are, what capabilities other nodes have, and how each device connects to the Internet, that is, the data rate available to the main router, how many hops>2.4GHz backhaul, and 5GHz backhaul. The version of the software that exists in the VIE. By using this, each device can know what software other devices are using, and by using this, the device can communicate with it using the same application programming interface (API) structure.

[0051] On the accessory unit, if the backhaul connection is not in place, WPS is used to find the backhaul connection. Once the voucher is obtained on one backhaul channel, it is copied to another backhaul channel. If the backhaul credential is already in place and the unit is connected, the WPS button is used to initiate WPS with the client or other accessory unit on the dedicated channel.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, if there is no AP nearby, 2.4 GHz channel selection is used. If there is an AP nearby, the channel of the AP with the highest RSSI is selected. The system only considers APs with RSSI higher than -80dBm for 20/40MHZ coexistence (enabled by default), and ignores the 20/40 coexistence bits reported by the client (enabled by default).

[0053] In FIG. 8, 2.4 GHz channel selection is started (500). If the maximum RSSI>threshold 1 (-50dBm) (502), the system uses the channel with the highest RSSI (506); otherwise, the system passes the ACS and actively chooses 40MHz (504).

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, BLE establishes the SSID and password. BLE is also used for Wi-Fi diagnostic purposes. BLE can be used to allow visitor access and BLE grid.

[0055] BLE has a mode called General Attribute Profile (GATT). In GATT, two devices do not need to be paired and undergo a pairing process before communicating via BLE. Therefore, any BLE capable device can obtain information through BLE. Therefore, new devices in the home can use BLE to obtain the SSID and password, and if the user wants to use Wi-Fi and if the network owner grants permission to the new device, they can use the SSID and password to connect to Wi-Fi ο

[0056] In addition, when the Wi-Fi network is down due to any failure, BLE can be used to debug the problem, reset the network settings or any other diagnosis or action that needs to be taken when a problem occurs.

[0057] Compared with Wi-Fi, the BLE range is very limited. Because the dedicated backhaul has a range that can be as high as 20 times that of BLE, embodiments of the present invention can use dedicated backhaul to propagate information on all devices. When the device approaches any other device, the device can talk to the nearby device, and the nearby device can use a dedicated backhaul to send information back to the main device or any other device that requires diagnosis or action.

[0058] Dedicated backhaul can also be used to extend the range of BLE to different points around the home. For example, a better device than a traditional access point can be used to control the LED light, because any device can receive the LED BLE signal and can use a dedicated backhaul to repeatedly return information to any other device or cloud backend that controls the LED light. The same is true for any BLE sensor or BLE controlled device.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present invention, the 5GHz backhaul includes MU-MIM0 support. Different 2.4G channels can be used on different units, and different 5GHz client-oriented channels can be used on different units. Because MU-MIM0 requires MU-MIM0 support on both sides of the link and good transmission and reception algorithms for MU-MIM0, the embodiment of the present invention uses MU-MIM0 between devices, especially when there is only one In the case of base stations.

[0060] Embodiments of the present invention provide automatic channel selection (ACS) during initial startup. This characteristic algorithm scans all channels, then collects appropriate statistical information, such as interference (WLAN and non-WLAN), and assigns a weight to each channel.

[0061] In FIG. 9, the system ACS is activated (600). If the highest RSSI>threshold 1 (602) is not true, the system passes the ACS (604); otherwise, the system determines whether the highest = 11 (606). If so, the system uses channel 10 (608); otherwise, the system determines whether the highest = 1 (610). If so, the system uses channel 2 (612); otherwise, the system uses the channel with the highest RSSI (614).

[0062] In FIG. 10, the router or bridge determines the start (700). The system starts OS (702) on the base unit, starts DHCP, and waits for x seconds (704). If the DHCP server is not available (706), the base unit appears as an AP (714); otherwise, the base unit appears as a router (708). If the Internet connection is not available (710), the system indicates a connection problem (716); otherwise, the system indicates that the Internet is available (712).

[0063] In FIG. 11, the star topology starts (800), and it starts, scan_count=0 (802). The system scans on all three radios, where scan_count = scan_count+l (804).

[0064] If the base radio is not detected (806), scan_count<scan_threshold (814), and the system turns on and moves the approach indicator (816).

[0065] If the base radio (806) is detected and the RSSI D base> threshold D base (808) is true, then the system associates to the dedicated and 2.4 GHz base (810) and uses the dedicated radio as the backhaul ( 812).

[0066] If basic radio (806) is detected and RSSI D>threshold D>(808) is false, then if RSSI_other_5G base>threshold_other_5G (822) is false and RSSI_other_2G base>threshold 2G (820) is false, then The system shuts down and moves the approach indicator (818).

[0067] If a basic radio (806) is detected and RSSI D>threshold D>(808) is false, then if RSSI_other_5G basic>thresholdsther_5G (822) is true, then the system is associated with the dedicated and 2.4GHz band Base (824) and use another 5GHz radio as the backhaul (826).

[0068] If the base radio (806) is detected and RSSI D>threshold D (808) is false, then if RSSI_other_5G base>threshold_other_5G (822) is false and RSSI_other_2G base>threshold 2G (820) is true, then The system associates to 2.4GHz and any other radio (828), and uses 2.4GHz as the backhaul (830).

[0069] Statistics collection and algorithm guide. The following discussion describes the statistics collected during the scan and general guidelines on how to use the statistics. The following is a list of items that must be considered in the implementation of the present invention:

[0070] 1) Accurately count the number of APs on each channel during scanning. The buffer size is limited for scanning, so when there are many APs, the APs on the higher channels are not suitable for the limited buffer size. As a result, the scan in 2.4G is broken down into at least three separate scans in the three subsets of channels to ensure that all APs are seen on all channels. [0071] 2) Increase the scan time on each channel so that all APs are seen.

[0072] 3) If one or more APs with an RSSI of -45 dBm or higher are in the vicinity, select the channel with the AP with the highest RSSI. If the AP is 40 MHz, the same primary channel is selected.

[0073] 4) Consider the interference of adjacent channels. The smallest level channel is the best.

[0074] E = constant dependent on AP RSSI

[0075] · If 20MHz AP is on Z = channel CH, CUT, CH+1, then Grade_on_channel_Z = Grade_on_ channel_Z+2*E

[0076] · If 20MHz ΑΡ is at Z = CH-2, CH+2_b, Grade_on_channel_Z = Grade_on_channel_Z +E

[0077] If it is a 40MHz AP, for two 20MHz sub-channels of 20MHz, the level calculation is applied, as described above.

[0078] 5) Consider the RSSI of the AP. The following levels are the levels on the AP channel and all affected adjacent channels. The following can be used to start 4x4:

[0079] · AP RSSI <-70dE^m^E-1

[0080] · ..7()dB <AP RSSI <-.40dB^E = 1.5

[0081] · RSSI> -40άΒ: ····.·>Ε = 2

[0082] 6) The noise floor on each channel is measured during the scan:

[0083] · tmpnoise= (noise_db<-95) ?-95: noise_db

[0084] · tmpnoise= (noise_db>=-65) ?-65: noise_db

[0085] · noise_grade= (tmpnoise+95) /5*4

[0086] 7) For 40MHz channel selection, consider 20/40 coexistence (wl obss_coex). If there is no available 40MHz channel due to coexistence requirements, the best 20MHz channel is selected.

[0087] 8) Consider the transmit power on each channel. Channel 1 and Channel 11 should be avoided in the United States and Australia.

[0088] 9) Measure the channel utilization on each channel during the scan. Channel utilization includes CCA statistics and the percentage of time the channel is clean.

[0089] 10) Measure the interference statistics of each channel during the scan and can be used.

[0090] 11) Each unit can consider the channels used by other APs in the network. For example, ACS can decide to use different channels on different units.

[0091] Notes

[0092] Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS). In the embodiment of the present invention, the backhaul channel in the European Telecommunications Standards Group (ETSI) is on the radar frequency band. In the FCC area, when the non-radar backhaul channel has interference, the radar frequency band can be used. If radar appears, you need to change the backhaul, for example, move the channel in a coordinated manner; and dynamic frequency selection (DFS) detection communication between different nodes in the mesh network, for example, by using 2.4GHz, another 5GHz and/ Or 802.1 lh. Action frames and/or beacon frames from 802.llh can be extended for grid use cases.

[0093] When the radar appears, the units use layers 2, 3 or the application layer to notify each other of the radar entrance and coordinate the backhaul movement. This coordination and movement must be performed within the time allowed by the regulatory agency. If backhaul communication coordination can be performed within the allowed time before the regulatory agency closes the communication, client-oriented coordination radios, including 2.4GHz radios, can be used for communication and mobile backhaul. In this case, the other two radios, which are not dedicated backhaul radios, move to the same channel and start communication to select a new backhaul. If this is not the case, a new backhaul can be selected, and the two other radios are shared for backhaul and fronthaul. This is not the desired result and is only done when no backhaul channel is available due to radar events.

[0094] Channel planning for client-oriented radio. In the embodiment of the present invention, when 2.4G is not used as a backhaul, a different 2.4 GHz channel is used. Change the channel of the 5GHz band; and/or the channel change is used to avoid congestion. Channel coordination is performed according to available services to use the cleanest channel among multiple nodes.

[0095] Change the basic rate set per topology. In the embodiment of the present invention, the beacon rate is changed to force the client to roam; and/or the management frame rate is changed.

[0096] Change the transmit (TX) power per distance. In the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum transmission power can be reduced on the grid node if the grid node coverage is less than the peak power allows. The transmit power of some management or control frames may be reduced. The transmit power of certain modulations and/or codes may be reduced. The power transmitted to some clients may be reduced.

[0097] Mobility control on dedicated backhaul. In the embodiment of the present invention, data is sent between different modules and used to decide how to roam, when to roam, and to send data packets to the client to roam. Roaming based on the best effective rate, interference and data type.

[0098] The client connected on the AP is monitoring the wireless status of the client and the service sent by the client via Wi-Fi. Once the AP sees any reason why the client is considered for roaming, it communicates with other APs and obtains from them information about the state of the wireless channels seen by other APs. In addition, AP asks the client what the client sees from the network. Once all the information is collected, the AP makes the final decision whether the client connects to another AP according to the network configuration. The decision is transmitted through a dedicated backhaul, and then a roaming client is attempted. The coordination of roaming, including when to send a roaming trigger to the client, and which AP to respond to after the roaming starts, also occurs through a dedicated backhaul.

[0099] Bluetooth mesh/Bluetooth via Wi-Fi. The embodiments of the present invention extend Bluetooth in the home through Wi-Fi or through Bluetooth mesh. Bluetooth signals can be decoded, bits can be sent to a node close to the destination via Wi-Fi backhaul, and Bluetooth data packets can be transmitted at that node.

[0100] Computer System

[0101] FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a computer system that can be used to implement certain features of some embodiments. The computer system can be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a user device, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, an iPhone, an iPad, a blackberry, a processor, a telephone, a network Equipment, network routers, switches or bridges, consoles, handheld consoles, (handheld) gaming devices, music players, any portable, mobile, handheld devices, wearable devices, or any machine that can execute A set of instructions (sequential or other) to be taken by the machine for a specified action.

[0102] The computing system 30 may include one or more processors 35; memory 31; input/output devices 32, such as keyboards and pointing devices, touch devices, and display devices; storage devices 34, such as disk drives; and network adapters 33, For example, a network interface, which is connected to the interconnect 36. The interconnection 36 is shown as abstract, which represents any one or more separate physical buses, point-to-point connections, or both connected by suitable bridges, adapters, or controllers. Therefore, the interconnection 36 may include, for example, a system bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or PCI-Express bus, a hypertransport or industry standard architecture (ISA) bus, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus, a universal serial bus Row bus (USB), IIC (12C) bus or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard 1394 bus, also known as FireWire.

[0103] The memory 31 and the storage device 34 are computer-readable storage media that can store at least part of instructions for implementing various embodiments. In addition, the data structure and the message structure may be stored or transmitted via a data transmission medium, for example, a signal on a communication link. Various communication links can be used, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or a point-to-point dial-up connection. Therefore, computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, for example, non-transitory media and computer-readable transmission media.

[0104] The instructions stored in the memory 31 may be implemented as software and/or firmware to program the processor 35 to perform the aforementioned actions. In some embodiments, such software or firmware may be initially provided to the processing system 30 by downloading it from a remote system via the computing system 30, for example, via a network adapter 33.

[0105] The various embodiments described herein can be implemented by, for example, programmable circuits, such as one or more microprocessors, programmed by software and/or firmware, or completely in dedicated hard-wired (non-programmable) circuits , Or a combination of these forms. The dedicated hard-wired circuit may be in the form of, for example, one or more ASICs, PLDs, FPGAs, etc.

[0106] Although the present invention is described herein with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that other applications can replace those set forth herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should only be limited by the claims included below.