Spectral chemistry

Spectrochemistry

[0001] This application is a divisional application in which the international application PCT/US01/28392 entered the Chinese national phase on May 10, 2002, the application number is 01802715.6, and the title of the invention is "spectrochemistry".

[0002] Reference related applications and patents

[0003] This application is a partial continuation of the U.S. Provisional Application 60/231620, which was filed on September 11, 2000, with the subject of the principle of a catalyst based on frequency. This application is also a partial continuation of US Patent Application 09/919679, which was filed on August 1, 2001, entitled Spectral Catalyst. U.S. Patent Application 09/919679 is a continuation of U.S. Patent Application 09/460025, which was filed on December 13, 1999, entitled Spectral Catalyst, which has now been abandoned. It is a divisional application of U.S. Patent Application 09/098883, the earliest in 1998. Filed on June 17, 2005, it is now U.S. Patent 6033531, published on March 7, 2000, which claims to protect the interests of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/049910, which is titled Spectral Catalyst, on June 18, 1997 Submitted on the day. This application also claims to protect the interests of the US provisional application 60/049910. All the above-identified patent applications and the subject matter of the patents are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

[0004] The present invention relates to a new method, which affects one or more participants by exposing at least one spectral energy pattern (for example, at least one spectral pattern containing at least one electromagnetic radiation frequency) in a reaction system, for example. , Control and/or direct reaction pathways (such as organic, inorganic, biological or other reactions), the spectrum type can be used to correspond to at least a part of the spectrum catalyst or the spectrum energy catalyst. The invention also relates to multiple action mechanisms of multiple catalysts in the reaction system under reaction conditions that simulate various environments. The present invention further discloses a method for simulating, at least partially simulating, one or more environmental reaction conditions by adopting one or more spectral environmental reaction conditions. Specifically, the present invention discloses different methods for obtaining energy frequency matching between applied energy and substances (such as solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and/or combinations or parts thereof), by considering various types of reaction systems. The energy factor transfers energy to, for example, at least one participant in the reaction system. The invention also discloses a method for designing or determining a suitable physical catalyst used in the reaction system.

Background technique

[0005] Chemical reactions are driven by energy. Energy comes in many different forms, including chemical, thermal, mechanical, acoustic, and electromagnetic. The various characteristics of various types of energy are considered to contribute to driving chemical reactions in different ways. Regardless of the type of energy involved, chemical reactions are undeniably and inescapably entangled with energy transfer and combination. Therefore, understanding energy is essential to understanding chemical reactions.

[0006] Chemical reactions can be controlled and/or directed by adding energy to the reaction medium in thermal, mechanical, acoustic, and/or electromagnetic forms, or converting energy through physical catalysts. These methods are generally not so energy efficient and can produce, for example, unwanted by-products, transients and/or intermediates and/or activated complexes required for decomposition, and/or insufficient amounts of preferred reaction products.

[0007] It is generally believed that chemical reactions are caused by collisions between reaction molecules. According to the collision theory of chemical kinetics, the reaction rate has been expected to be proportional to the number of molecular collisions per second.

[0008] Rate α collisions/sec

[0009] This simple relationship explains the dependence of the reaction rate on concentration. In addition, there are very few exceptions. People think that

As the collision increases, the reaction rate increases with increasing temperature.

[0010] The relational expression of the reaction rate constant k can be expressed by the following equation, which is the well-known Arrhenius formula:

[0011] k = Ae"Ea/RT

[0012] Where Ea is the activation energy of the reaction, which is the minimum energy required to start the chemical reaction, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and e represents the natural logarithm as the base. A represents the rate of collision and indicates that the rate constant is proportional to A, and therefore proportional to the rate of collision. Furthermore, since the exponent Ea/RT has a negative sign, the rate constant decreases as the activation energy increases, and increases as the temperature increases.

[0013] In general, only a small part of the collision molecules, usually the fastest moving molecules have enough kinetic energy to exceed the activation energy, so it can now explain the increase in the rate constant k as the temperature rises. Since there are more energetic molecules at higher temperatures, the rate of product formation at higher temperatures is also higher. But as the temperature rises, the reaction system will introduce many problems. With thermal excitation, other competing processes such as bond cracking may occur before reaching the required energy state. Similarly, there are many decomposition products that often generate extremely reactive fragments, but due to thermodynamic instability, their lifetime is so short that the preferred reaction can be suppressed.

[0014] Radiant energy or light energy is another form of energy that can be added to the reaction medium, and it also has some negative effects, but it is different (or the same) as the negative effects produced by thermal energy. Adding radiant energy to the system generates electrons to excite molecules, which can carry out chemical reactions.

[0015] A molecule in which all electrons are in a stable orbit is considered to be in the electronic ground state. These orbitals can be bonded or non-bonded orbitals. If a photon of suitable energy collides with a molecule, the photon can be absorbed, and one of the electrons can be excited to an empty orbital with higher energy. Electron excitation leads to redistribution of valence electrons in space and the configuration of the nucleus changes. Because the chemical reaction is largely controlled by these factors, the chemical reaction of the molecule excited by the electron is completely different from the reaction of the molecule with the electron in the ground state.

[0016] The photon energy is defined according to its frequency or wavelength, E = h Y = he/ λ

[0017] where Ε represents energy; h represents the Plank constant, 6. 6X10^⁴J seconds; γ is the radiation frequency, seconds jc is the speed of light; and λ is the radiation wavelength. When a photon is absorbed, all its energy is given to the absorbing species. The initial behavior after absorption depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Photochemistry is the study of photons whose energy is located in the ultraviolet region (100-4000 Α) and visible region (4000-7000 Α) of the electromagnetic spectrum. These photons are basically the cause of electrons to excite molecules.

[0018] Since the molecules acquire electronic energy after absorbing light, the different potential energy surfaces that meet in the thermal excitation system react. However, the use of known photochemical techniques has some disadvantages, namely, the use of broadband frequencies leads to unwanted side reactions, inappropriate experiments and low quantum yields. The following patents show some good photochemical examples.

[0019] In particular, US Patent No. 5,174,877 (1992) issued to Cooper et al. discloses an apparatus for photocatalytic treatment of liquids. In particular, it is published that the surface of the slurry prepared by ultraviolet light irradiation activates the photocatalytic properties of the particles contained in the slurry, and the transparency of the slurry affects, for example, radiation absorption. In addition, different frequencies suitable for achieving the desired photocatalytic activity are discussed in the article.

[0020] In addition, US Patent 4755269 (1998) issued to Brumer et al. discloses a photodissociation method for dissociating various molecules at a known energy level. In particular, it discloses possible different dissociation pathways and different pathways that can follow due to the selection of different frequencies of certain electromagnetic radiation. It is further disclosed that the amplitude of the electromagnetic radiation used corresponds to the amount of product produced.

[0021] The selective excitation of different species is shown in the following three patents. Specifically, US Patent No. 4,012,301 (1977), Rich et al., discloses chemical reactions in the vapor phase. These reactions use vibrations corresponding to the continuous flow of reactant species.

The formula is selectively excited. In particular, continuous wave lasers emit radiation that is absorbed by the way the reactant species vibrate.

[0022] US Patent No. 5,215,634 (1993) issued to Wan et al. discloses the selective conversion of methane to the desired oxidation state. In particular, methane is irradiated by pulsed microwave in the presence of a catalyst to convert the reactants into desired products. The disclosed physical catalyst includes nickel, and the microwave radiation is in the range of about 1.5 to 3.0 GHz.

[0023] US Patent No. 5,015,349 (1991) issued to Suib et al. discloses a method for generating cracked reaction products from cracked billets. It is disclosed that the billet stream is exposed to microwave energy to generate a low-power density microwave discharge plasma, wherein the microwave energy is adjusted to obtain the desired result. The specific frequency required for microwave energy is disclosed as 2.45 GHz.

[0024] Physical catalysts are well known in the art. Specifically, a physical catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without appearing in the final product. It is known that some reactions can be accelerated or controlled by the presence of substances that remain unchanged after some reactions. By increasing the speed of the desired reaction relative to the undesired reaction, the formation of the desired product can be maximized compared with the undesired by-product. Usually only trace amounts of physical catalyst are needed to accelerate the reaction. It has also been observed that certain substances, if added in trace amounts, can reduce the reaction rate. This appears to be anti-catalysis, but the substance that actually slows the reaction rate is called a negative catalyst or poison. Known physical catalysts undergo a cycle in which they are used and regenerated so as to be able to be used again and again. The physical catalyst works by providing another way for the reaction, which can have a faster or slower reaction rate than without a physical catalyst. At the end of the reaction, since the physical catalyst can recover, it seems that the physical catalyst does not participate in the reaction. But the physical catalyst must participate in the reaction to some extent, otherwise the reaction rate will not change. In the history of catalysis, the five basic steps proposed by Ostwald in the late 18th century were first represented:

[0025] 1. Diffusion to the catalytic site (reactant);

[0026] 2. A bond is formed at the catalytic site (reactant);

[0027] 3. The reaction of the catalyst-reactant complex;

[0028] 4. Bond cracking (product) at the catalytic site; and

[0029] 5. Diffusion (product) from the catalytic site.

[0030] The precise mechanism of the catalysis is unknown in the art, but it is known that physical catalysts can accelerate the reaction, otherwise the reaction will take place too slowly to be meaningless.

[0031] Known industrial catalysts involve many problems: first, physical catalysts can not only lose efficiency but also lose selectivity, the reason for this is due to, for example, overheating or catalyst contamination; second, many physical catalysts include expensive metals such as tongs or Silver has only a limited life cycle, some catalysts are difficult to regenerate, and precious metals are not easy to recover. There are also many physical limitations associated with physical catalysts that make them undesirable participants in many reactions.

[0032] Therefore, what is needed is to understand the catalytic process in order to achieve biological treatment, chemical treatment and industrial processing skillfully by more accurately controlling numerous existing reaction processes and developing completely new reaction pathways and/or reaction products. These examples of understanding include catalytic reaction methods without the following shortcomings: (1) known physical catalysts; (2) using energy with higher specific effects than the prior art teaching, these prior art uses undesirable heat and electromagnetic radiation methods and Lead to numerous inefficiencies.

Summary of the invention

[0033] Definition

[0034] For the purpose of the present invention, the following terms and expressions appearing in the claims are intended to have the following meanings:

[0035] As used in the present invention, "activation complex" means a reaction profile in describing the conversion of reactants into reaction products

A collection of atoms (charged or neutral) corresponding to the maximum value in. The reactant or reaction product in this definition may be an intermediate in the entire conversion including more than one step.

[0036] As used in the present invention, "applied spectral energy profile" means all of the following: (a) all externally applied spectral energy profiles; and/or (b) input spectral environmental reaction conditions in the reaction system.

[0037] As used in the present invention, "catalytic energy spectrum type" means at least a part of the energy spectrum type of a physical catalyst, which can catalyze the reaction system when applied to the reaction system in the form of a beam or field.

[0038] As used in the present invention, "catalytic spectrum pattern" means at least a part of the spectrum pattern of a physical catalyst, which can catalyze the reaction system in the following ways when applied to the reaction system:

[0039] a) Completely replace physical and chemical catalysts;

[0040] b) Increasing the reaction rate through an action consistent with physicochemical catalysts;

[0041] c) Reduce the reaction rate by acting as a negative catalyst; or

[0042] d) Change the reaction pathway to form a specific reaction product.

[0043] As used in the present invention, "direct resonance targeting" means applying energy to the reaction system through at least one of the following spectral energy providers: spectral energy catalyst, spectral catalyst, spectral energy spectral type, spectral spectral type, catalytic spectral energy Spectral pattern, catalytic spectral pattern, application of spectral energy pattern and spectral environmental reaction conditions to obtain direct resonance with at least one of the following substance forms: reactants, transients, intermediates, activated complexes, physical catalysts, Reaction products, co-catalysts, poisons, solvents, physical catalyst support materials, reaction vessels, and/or mixtures or components thereof, the spectral energy provider interacts with at least one frequency thereof, but excludes the content of the reactants The electrons and vibration frequency provide energy to at least one of the material forms, thereby generating at least one desired reaction product and/or at a desired reaction rate to generate at least one desired reaction product.

[0044] "Environmental reaction conditions" as used herein means and includes conventional reaction variables such as temperature, pressure, surface area of the catalyst, physical catalyst size and shape, solvent, physical catalyst support material, poison, promoter, concentration, electromagnetic radiation , Electric field, magnetic field, mechanical force, sound field, the size, shape, composition and combination of the reaction vessel, etc., which may exist and can positively or negatively affect the reaction pathway in the reaction system.

[0045] "Frequency" as used herein means that a physical event (such as a wave, field, and/or motion) experiences a complete cycle deviation from the equilibrium value within a unit time (such as 1 second; and 1 cycle/second = 1 Hz). frequency. The deviation from the balance can be positive and/or negative, and can be, for example, symmetric, asymmetric and/or proportional to the balance value.

[0046] As used herein, "harmonic targeting" means applying energy to the reaction system through at least one of the following spectral energy providers: spectral energy catalyst, spectral catalyst, spectral energy spectral type, spectral spectral type, catalytic spectroscopy Energy spectrum type, catalytic spectrum spectrum type, application of spectrum energy spectrum type and spectral environmental reaction conditions to obtain resonance with at least one of the following substances: reactants, transients, intermediates, activated complexes, physical catalysts, reactions Products, co-catalysts, poisons, solvents, physical catalyst support materials, reaction vessels, and/or mixtures or components thereof, the spectral energy provider interacts with at least one frequency thereof to eliminate electrons and vibrations in the reactants Frequency provides energy to at least one of the substance forms to generate at least one desired reaction product and/or to generate at least one desired reaction product at a desired reaction rate.

[0047] As used in the present invention, "intermediate" refers to molecules, ions and/or atoms, which are present in the reaction pathway or reaction profile between the reactants and the reaction products. It corresponds to the reaction between the reactants and the reaction products. The minimum value in the response profile. Reactions involving intermediates are usually stepwise reactions.

[0048] As used in the present invention, "non-harmonic heterodyne targeting" means that through at least one of the following spectral energy providers

Energy applied to the reaction system: spectral energy catalyst, spectral catalyst, spectral energy spectral type, spectral spectral type, catalytic spectral energy spectral type, catalytic spectral spectral type, applied spectral energy spectral type and spectral environmental reaction conditions to obtain at least one Non-harmonic heterodyne resonance in the following material forms: reactants, transients, intermediates, activated complexes, physical catalysts, reaction products, co-catalysts, poisons, solvents, physical catalyst support materials, reaction vessels, and/ Or a mixture or component thereof, the spectral energy provider provides energy to at least one of the substance forms by interacting with at least one frequency thereof, thereby generating at least one desired reaction product and/or in a desired reaction The rate produces at least one desired reaction product.

[0049] As used in the present invention, "participants" refer to reactants, transients, intermediates, activated complexes, physical catalysts, co-catalysts, poisons and/or containing molecules, ions and/or atoms (or groups thereof) Points) of the reaction product.

[0050] As used in the present invention, "reactant" means the initial substance or initial component in the reaction system. The reactant can be any inorganic, organic and/or biological atom, molecule, ion, compound, substance and/or the like .

[0051] As used in the present invention, "reaction coordinates" refer to molecular/atomic or molecular/atomic configurational variants, and the change corresponds to the conversion of reactants into reaction products.

[0052] "Reaction pathway" as used in the present invention refers to those steps leading to the formation of reaction products. The reaction pathway may include intermediates and/or transients and/or activated complexes. The reaction pathway may include some or all reaction profiles.

[0053] As used in the present invention, "reaction product" means any reaction product containing reactants. The reaction product may have a different chemical composition or a substantially similar (or identical) chemical composition from the reactant, but exhibit a different physical or crystalline structure and/or phase.

[0054] As used in the present invention, the "reaction profile" represents a plot of energy (such as molecular potential energy, molar energy, or free energy) against reaction coordinates during the conversion of reactants into reaction products.

[0055] As used in the present invention, "reaction system" means a combination of the following substances involved in any reaction pathway: reactants, intermediates, transients, activated complexes, physical catalysts, poisons, co-catalysts, spectral catalysts, spectra Energy catalysts, reaction products, environmental reaction conditions, spectral environmental reaction conditions, applied spectral energy spectrum type, etc.

[0056] As used in the present invention, the "obtained energy spectrum pattern" means all the energy interactions between the applied spectrum energy pattern and all participants and/or components in the reaction system.

[0057] As used in the present invention, "spectral catalyst" means electromagnetic energy, which acts as a catalyst in a reaction system, for example, electromagnetic energy having a spectral pattern that affects, controls, or directs the reaction pathway.

[0058] As used in the present invention, "spectral energy catalyst" means energy, which acts as a catalyst in the reaction system, and has a spectral energy spectrum type that affects, controls, and/or orients the reaction pathway.

[0059] As used in the present invention, "spectral energy profile" means a spectral profile formed by one or more energies and/or components, which are composed of molecules, ions, atoms and/or The emission or absorption of its components, and/or the spectral pattern exists near and/or inside molecules, ions, atoms, and/or their components.

[0060] As used in the present invention, "spectral environmental reaction conditions" means at least one frequency and/or field, which simulates at least a part of at least one environmental reaction condition in the reaction system.

[0061] As used in the present invention, "spectral pattern" refers to a spectral pattern formed by one or more emitted or absorbed electromagnetic frequencies after an atom or molecule is excited. The spectral pattern can be formed by any known spectroscopy technique.

[0062] As used in the present invention, "targeting" means applying energy to the reaction system through at least one of the following spectral energy providers: spectral energy catalyst, spectral catalyst, spectral energy spectral type, spectral spectral type, catalytic spectral energy spectrum Type, catalytic spectral type, application of spectral energy type and spectral environmental reaction conditions to obtain direct resonance and/or resonance and/or anharmonic heterodyne resonance with at least one of the following substance forms: reactants, transients, Intermediate, activated complex, physics

A catalyst, a reaction product, a co-catalyst, a poison, a solvent, a physical catalyst carrier, a reaction vessel, and/or a mixture or component thereof, the spectral energy provider interacts with at least one of its frequencies to at least one of the substances The energy is provided in the form to produce at least one desired reaction product and/or at a desired reaction rate to produce at least one desired reaction product.

[0063] As used in the present invention, "transient" refers to any chemical and/or physical form between reactants and reaction products that exists in a reaction pathway or reaction profile.

[0064] The present invention overcomes many deficiencies associated with the use of a variety of known physical catalysts in various environments. More importantly, this invention discloses for the first time a variety of new spectral energy technologies, sometimes called spectrochemistry here. These technologies can be used for many reactions, including very basic reactions, which can be used in many fields without limitation. Happen or allow to happen. These spectral energy technologies can be used for, for example, any type of biological reactions (ie plants and animals), physical reactions, chemical reactions (ie organic or inorganic), industrial reactions (ie any large-scale or small-scale industrial reactions) and/or any Type of energy response, etc.

[0065] The acquisition of these new spectral energy technologies (now called spectrochemistry) is possible because the basic discoveries contained in the present invention disclose various methods for achieving energy transfer between two entities, for example. The present invention points out that the key to energy transfer between two entities (such as one entity sharing energy with another entity) is energy transfer when the frequency matches. For example, the frequency matching of the spectral energy pattern of two different material forms; or the frequency matching of the spectral energy pattern of a material with energy in the form of a spectral energy catalyst. Both entities may include matter (solid, liquid, gas, and/or plasma and/or mixtures and/or components thereof), both of which contain various forms of energy, or one including various forms of energy and another One includes substances (solids, liquids, gases and/or plasmas and/or mixtures and/or components thereof).

[0066] More specifically, all substances can be represented by a spectral energy spectrum type, which can be very simple to very complex in appearance, depending on, for example, the complexity of the substance. An example of a spectral energy profile is a spectral profile that is also quite simple to quite complex in appearance, which depends on, for example, the complexity of the substance. In the case of a substance represented by a spectral spectrum, if, for example, two substances are in the form of Spectral pattern matching, at least partially matching, or at least partially matching or overlapping (for example, spectral curves or spectral patterns containing one or more electromagnetic frequencies can overlap each other), and substances can exchange energy with each other. Generally speaking, not in all cases, the more the spectral pattern overlaps (therefore, the more the frequency that contains the spectral pattern overlaps), the greater the amount of energy transfer. Similarly, for example, if at least one form of the energy spectrum pattern and the spectral pattern of a substance can at least partially cause a match or overlap, energy will also be transferred to the substance. Therefore, energy can be transferred to matter by facilitating frequency matching.

[0067] As discussed elsewhere in this invention, the energy (E), frequency (Y) and wavelength (λ) and the speed of light (c) in a vacuum are related by, for example, the following equation: E = h γ = he/ λ

[0068] When a frequency or set of frequencies corresponding to at least a first form of matter can be matched with a frequency or set of frequencies corresponding to at least a second form of matter, energy can be transferred between different forms of matter , And allow at least some interactions and/or at least one reaction involving two different substance forms to occur. For example, the solid, liquid, gas, and/or plasma (and/or mixture and/or part thereof) forms of the substance can interact and/or react and form the desired reaction product or result. Any combination of the above material forms (such as solid/solid, solid/liquid, solid/gas, solid/plasma, solid/gas/plasma, solid/liquid/gas, Etc., and/or mixtures and/or parts thereof).

[0069] Further, in, for example, the reaction system, along the required reaction path, through the use of such as catalytic spectrum energy spectrum type, catalytic spectrum spectrum type, spectrum energy spectrum type, spectrum energy catalyst, spectrum spectrum type, spectrum catalyst, spectrum Environmental reaction conditions

And/or a combination of forms (the above forms can jointly produce the applied spectrum energy spectrum pattern) applying energy, substances (such as solids, liquids, gases and/or plasmas and/or mixtures and/or parts thereof) can be Initiates or affects interactions and/or reactions with other substances and/or parts thereof.

[0070] In these cases, when the application of the spectral energy profile causes a certain type of change in the spectral energy profile of, for example, one or more substance forms in the reaction system, interactions and/or reactions can be initiated. The multiple substance forms include: reactants, transients, intermediates, activated complexes, physical catalysts, reaction products, co-catalysts, poisons, solvents, physical catalyst support materials, reaction vessels, and/or their components mixture. For example, when the participants and/or components in the reaction system are appropriately targeted, the spectral energy provider (that is, at least one of the following substances: spectral energy catalyst, spectral catalyst, spectral energy spectral type, spectral spectral type, Catalytic spectrum energy spectrum type, catalytic spectrum spectrum type, applied spectrum energy spectrum type and spectral environmental reaction conditions) can lead to the generation of one or more participants, and/or the ideal interaction with one or more participants. Specifically, the application of spectral energy providers can be targeted to achieve very specific desired results and/or reaction products and/or reaction products that are generated at a desired rate. Targeting can be produced by direct resonance methods (ie direct resonance targeting), harmonic resonance methods (ie harmonic targeting) and/or anharmonic heterodyne resonance methods (ie non-harmonic heterodyne targeting). Spectral energy providers can be targeted to interact with atoms or molecules of, for example, at least one frequency, including but not limited to electronic frequency, vibration frequency, rotation frequency, rotation-vibration frequency, fine splitting frequency, ultrafine splitting frequency, magnetic field induction Frequency, electricity Field-induced frequency, natural vibration frequency and all of its components and/or parts thereof (this invention will be discussed in more detail below). These methods can lead to, for example, simulating at least one mechanism of action of the physical catalyst in the reaction system. For example, in some cases, the desired result can be achieved by using a single application spectrum energy spectrum type to target a single participant; while in other cases, more than one application spectrum energy spectrum type can be achieved by, for example, multiple The method targets a single participant or multiple participants. Specifically, direct resonance targeting, tuned targeting, and non-tuned heterodyne targeting can be combined to interact with one or more frequencies occurring in atoms and/or molecules. This combination can be sequentially or substantially Continuous use. In addition, in some cases, spectral energy provider targeting can lead to multiple interactions of one or more different substance forms in the reaction system, mainly at higher energy levels.

[0071] The present invention further understands and explains that when a spectral energy catalyst such as a spectral catalyst is used, various environmental reaction conditions can affect the reaction pathways in the reaction system. In order to obtain desired results (such as desired reaction products in one or more desired reaction pathways) and/or interactions in the reaction, the present invention teaches special methods for controlling various environmental reaction conditions. The present invention further discloses a method of applying spectral energy, which allows simulation, at least partially simulating ideal environmental reaction conditions by using at least one, for example, spectral environmental reaction conditions. Therefore, the environmental reaction conditions can be controlled and used in combination with at least one spectral energy spectrum pattern to achieve the desired reaction pathway. In addition, the conventionally adopted environmental reaction conditions can be modified in an ideal manner (such as using reduced temperature and/or reduced pressure) by supplementing and/or replacing traditional environmental reaction conditions with at least one spectral environmental reaction condition.

[0072] The present invention also provides a method for determining the ideal physical catalyst (that is, including previously known substances or substances previously unknown to have physical catalyst functions), which can be used in the reaction system to obtain the The desired reaction pathway and/or the desired reaction rate. In this regard, the present invention can provide a physical and/or spectral catalyst formulation for a specific reaction system in which no physical catalyst has previously existed. In the embodiment of the present invention, the spectral energy profile is determined or calculated by the technology of the present invention, and the corresponding physical catalyst can be provided or prepared, and then included in the reaction system to generate the calculated spectral energy profile. . In some cases, if a single physical species is deemed insufficient, one or more existing physical species can be used or combined in a suitable manner to obtain a suitable calculated spectral energy profile to achieve the required reaction pathway and/ Or the desired reaction rate. These catalysts can be

Used alone, combined with other physical catalysts, spectral energy catalysts, controlled environmental reaction conditions and/or spectral environmental reaction conditions, so as to achieve the required energy spectrum type and necessary reaction pathways and/or required reaction rates.

[0073] The present invention discloses many different transformations of the basic theme stated throughout the article, namely energy transfer when the frequencies match. It should be understood that these many different transformations can be used alone to obtain the desired result (such as the required reaction pathway and/or the desired reaction rate), or can be used in unlimited combinations of transformations to achieve the desired result (such as Desired reaction pathway and/or desired reaction rate). However, common to all these seemingly complex transformations and combinations is that the basic understanding proposed by the present invention for the first time is to control or be able to carry out any reaction, as long as the frequencies of the two entities match (such as spectral spectrum overlap), energy can be transferred . If energy is transferred, ideal interactions and/reactions can be produced.

[0074] In addition, this concept can also be used in reverse. Specifically, if the reaction occurs because of frequency matching, the reaction can be slowed down or stopped by making the frequency no longer match or at least reducing the match to a lower degree. In this regard, modify and/or apply one or more reaction system components (such as environmental reaction conditions, spectral environmental reaction conditions and/or application of spectral energy profile) to minimize, reduce or eliminate frequency matching. This also makes it easy to start and stop reactions, providing a new type of control for countless reactions.

[0075] In order to simplify the content and understanding of the present invention, specific categories and chapters are adopted in the "Summary of the Invention" and "Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments". However, it should be understood that these categories are not mutually exclusive and some overlap. Therefore, these artificially adopted chapters should not be used to try to limit the scope of protection of the present invention defined by the claims.

[0076] I. Wave Energy

[0077] Generally speaking, heat energy is traditionally used to drive chemical reactions by applying heat and increasing the temperature of the reaction system. The addition of heat increases the kinetic (kinetic) energy of the chemical reactant. It is believed that reactants with more kinetic energy move faster and farther, and are more likely to participate in chemical reactions. The same mechanical energy increases their kinetic energy by stirring and moving chemicals and thus increases their reactivity. The addition of mechanical energy generally increases the temperature by increasing kinetic energy.

[0078] Sound energy is applied to chemical reactions as an ordered mechanical wave. Due to its mechanical properties, sound energy can increase the kinetic energy of chemical reactants and can also increase their temperature. Electromagnetic (EM) energy consists of electric waves and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic energy can also increase the kinetic energy and heat in the reaction system. It can also impart energy to electron orbits or vibrational motion in some reactions.

[0079] Both acoustic energy and electromagnetic energy are composed of waves. Energy waves and frequencies have some interesting properties and can be combined in some interesting ways. The way of wave energy transfer and combination mostly depends on frequency. For example, there are two energy waves, each with the same amplitude, but one has a frequency of 400 Hz and the other has a frequency of 100 Hz. When the two are triggered to interact, the waves will combine and their frequencies will be added to produce a new frequency 500Hz (that is, the "sum" frequency). But when they are combined, the wave frequency will also be subtracted to produce a frequency of 300 Hz (ie the "difference" frequency). All wave energy is usually added and subtracted in this way, and this addition and subtraction is called heterodyne. The common results of heterodyne are mostly similar to harmonics in music. The importance of heterodyne will be discussed in more detail below in the present invention.

[0080] Another concept important to the present invention is wave interaction or interference. In particular, it is known that wave energies interact constructively and destructively. This phenomenon is important in determining the energy profile of the applied spectrum. Figure la-lc shows two different incident sine waves 1 (Figure la) and 2 (Figure lb). These two waves correspond to two different wavelengths λ 1 and human 2 (hence different Frequency) of two different spectral energy patterns. It is assumed that the energy spectrum pattern of Fig. 1a corresponds to the electromagnetic spectrum pattern, and Fig. 1b corresponds to the environmental reaction conditions of the spectrum. Each sine wave 1 and 2 has a different differential equation describing its individual motion. However, when the sine wave combination generates the additive wave 1+2 (Figure lc), the resulting composite differential equation, which describes the total combined energy (that is, the application of the spectral energy profile), actually causes some input energy at certain points in time Is high (that is, the constructive interference shown by the higher amplitude), and at some point in time is low (that is, the destructive interference shown by the lower amplitude)

Involved).

[0081] Specifically, the "X" part represents the area of constructive interference between the electromagnetic spectrum pattern of wave 1 and the spectral environmental reaction conditions of wave 2, and the "Y" part represents that the two waves 1 and 2 have cancelling. The area of interference. Depends on whether the "X" part corresponds to an ideal or undesirable wavelength, frequency or energy (for example, the application of spectral energy in the initiating reaction system) has a positive or negative relationship with one or more participants and/or components. The interaction), the "X" part can enhance the positive or negative effect in the reaction system. Similarly, depending on whether the "Y" part corresponds to an ideal or undesirable wavelength, frequency or energy, the "Y" part can correspond to the effective loss of positive or negative effects.

[0082] From this particular analysis, it should be clear that constructive interference (ie point "X") can maximize both the positive and negative effects in the reaction system, for example. Therefore, this simplified example shows that by combining certain frequencies from, for example, the spectral pattern with one or more other frequencies from, for example, at least one spectral environmental reaction condition, the practical application of the spectral energy spectral pattern energy to the reaction system It is a combination of constructive and destructive interference. Therefore, these factors should also be considered when selecting the appropriate spectral energy spectrum type to be applied to the reaction system. In this regard, it is noted that there are many ideal incident wavelengths that can be applied to the reaction system in practice. In addition, it should also be clear that the effects of wave interaction include, but are not limited to, heterodyne, direct resonance, indirect resonance, additive wave, subtractive wave, constructive or destructive interference, etc. Further, as discussed in detail below in the present invention, additional effects such as electronic effects and/or magnetic field effects can also affect the spectral energy spectrum pattern (such as the spectral pattern).

[0083] II. Spectroscopy Catalyst and Spectroscopy

[0084] With the help of a spectral energy catalyst having a specific spectral energy spectral pattern (such as a spectral spectral pattern or an electromagnetic spectral pattern), it can beneficially influence and orient a variety of reactions, and the spectral energy catalyst transfers a predetermined amount of target energy In order to start, control and/or promote the ideal reaction path and/or the ideal reaction rate in the reaction system. This section discusses spectroscopy catalysts in more detail and explains the various technologies that use spectroscopy catalysts in the reaction system. For example, spectroscopic catalysts can be used in the reaction system to replace and provide additional energy, which is generally provided by physical catalysts. Spectral catalysts can actually simulate or copy the mechanism of action of physical catalysts. Spectral catalyst can act as a positive catalyst to increase the reaction rate or as a negative catalyst or poison to reduce the reaction rate. Furthermore, the physical catalyst can be enhanced by using both the physical catalyst and the spectral catalyst in the reaction system of the spectral catalyst. Spectral catalysts can improve the activity of physical and chemical catalysts. Spectral catalysts can also partially replace a specific amount of physical catalysts, thereby reducing the high cost of physical catalysts in many industrial reactions.

[0085] In the present invention, the spectral energy catalyst provides target energy (for example, electromagnetic radiation containing a specific frequency or combination of frequencies) in a quantity long enough to initiate and/or promote and/or direct chemical reactions (for example, following a specific reaction pathway). ). All target energy combinations applied to the reaction system at any point in time are called the applied spectrum energy spectrum type. The applied spectrum energy spectrum pattern may include a single spectrum catalyst, multiple spectrum catalysts, and/or other spectrum energy catalysts. As the target energy is absorbed into the reaction system (such as electromagnetic energy from a spectral catalyst), the reactant can be initiated into one or several reaction pathways including: energy transfer, which can excite electrons to a higher energy state, for example, by facilitating frequency matching To initiate chemical reactions; ionize or dissociate reactants that can participate in chemical reactions; stabilize reaction products; impart energy and/or stabilize the intermediates and/or transients and/or activation complexes entering the reaction pathway; And/or promote one or more components in the reaction system to have at least partially overlapping spectral patterns.

[0086] For example, in a simple reaction system, if the chemical reaction provides at least one reactant "A" to be converted into at least one reaction product "B", a physical catalyst "C" can be used. In contrast, a part of the catalytic spectrum energy spectrum pattern of the physical catalyst "C" (for example, the catalytic spectrum pattern in this section) can be applied in the form of an electromagnetic beam to catalyze the reaction.

[0087]

A - B

[0088] The frequencies of substances A and B are unknown, and the frequency of C is 30 Hz;

[0089] Therefore, Substance A+30 Hz-Substance B

[0090] In the present invention, for example, the spectral pattern (such as the electromagnetic spectral pattern) of the physical catalyst "C" can be determined by a known spectroscopy method. Using spectroscopy instruments, the spectral pattern of the physical catalyst is similar to those that occur in the reaction system using the physical catalyst (for example, the spectral energy spectral pattern and the spectral pattern can be affected by environmental reaction conditions, as discussed below in the present invention) It is preferable to determine under the conditions. Spectroscopy is a process in which the energy difference between the states allowed by any system is measured by measuring the frequency of the corresponding electromagnetic energy, which is either absorbed or emitted. Spectroscopy generally involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and matter. When photons interact with, for example, atoms or molecules, changes in the properties of atoms and molecules are observed.

[0091] Atoms and molecules are related to several different kinds of motion. Although the entire molecule rotates, the bond vibrations and even the electrons move so fast that the electron density distribution has historically been the main focus of the prior art. Each type of movement is quantitative. That is, atoms, molecules or ions only exist in unique states, which correspond to discrete amounts of energy. The energy difference between different quantum states depends on the type of movement involved. Therefore, the energy frequency required for the transition is different for different types of motion. That is, each movement corresponds to the absorption of energy in different electromagnetic spectral regions, and each spectral region requires different spectroscopy instruments. The total energy of movement of atoms or molecules can be considered as at least the sum of electron energy, vibration energy and rotational energy. [0092] In emission and absorption spectra, the relationship between the energy change in atoms or molecules and the frequency of the emitted or absorbed electromagnetic energy is given by the so-called Bohr frequency condition: AE = h γ

[0093] where h is the Plank constant; γ is the frequency; and ΔE is the energy difference between the final state and the initial state.

[0094] Electronic spectroscopy is the result of electrons in atoms, molecules, or ions moving from one electronic energy level to another. The spectral pattern of molecular physics catalysts not only includes electronic energy transitions, but also transitions between rotational energy levels and vibrational energy levels. As a result, molecular spectroscopy is much more complicated than atomic spectroscopy. The main changes observed in atoms or molecules after interacting with photons include excitation, ionization, and/or breakage of chemical bonds, all of which can be determined and quantified by spectroscopy methods, including emission or absorption spectroscopy, which give The same information about energy level separation.

[0095] In emission spectroscopy, when atoms or molecules are placed in a flame or electron discharge, these atoms or molecules can absorb energy and become "excited" states. When they return to the "standard" state, they can emit radiation. This emission is the result of the transition of an atom or molecule from a high energy or "excited" state to a lower energy state. The energy lost in the transition is emitted in the form of electromagnetic energy. "Excited" atoms usually produce a line spectrum while "excited" molecules tend to produce a band spectrum.

[0096] In absorption spectroscopy, the absorption of nearly monochromatic incident radiation is monitored when it is scanned over a certain range of frequencies. In the absorption process, atoms or molecules transfer from a low energy state to a high energy state. The energy change produced by electromagnetic energy absorption only appears as an integral multiple of the unit energy called quantum, which is a characteristic of each absorbing species. Absorption spectra can be divided into four categories: rotational absorption spectra, rotational-vibration absorption spectra, vibration absorption spectra and electronic absorption spectra.

[0097] The rotational spectrum of a molecule is related to the changes that occur in the rotational dynamics of the molecule. There is only a small amount of difference in rotational dynamic energy, so the frequency at which the level of rotation must change is very low, and the electromagnetic energy has a large wavelength. The energy gap of the molecular rotation depends on the distance and angle of the bond. Pure rotational spectra can be observed in the far infrared and microwave and radio regions (see Table 1).

[0098] Rotation-vibration spectroscopy is related to transitions, in which the vibrational states of molecules are changed and can be accompanied by changes in the rotational states. Absorption occurs at higher frequencies or shorter wavelengths, and usually occurs in the middle of the infrared region (see Table 1).

Π/75 page

[0099] Vibrational spectra appearing from different vibrational energy levels are due to the movement of bonds. Stretching vibrations involve changes in the distance between atoms along the axis of the bond between two atoms. Bending vibration is characterized by the change in the angle between the two keys. The vibrational spectra of molecules are usually in the near-infrared range.

[0100] For atoms and molecules, the electronic spectrum comes from the transition between electronic states, and is accompanied by changes in the rotational and vibrational states of the molecule. Because it contains a relatively large energy difference, absorption occurs at a large frequency or a relatively short wavelength. The different electronic states of atoms or molecules correspond to the energy in the infrared, ultraviolet-visible or X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum (see Table 1).

[0101] Table 1

[0102] Approximate boundary

[0103]

<td>Area name</td><td>Energy, J</td><td>wavelength</td><td>Frequency, Hz</td>

<td>X-ray</td><td>2X10^_14-2X10^-17</td><td>10²-10nm</td><td>3X10¹⁹-3X10¹⁶</td>

<td>Vacuum ultraviolet</td><td>2X10^_17-9. 9X10^-19</td><td>10-200nm</td><td>3X10¹⁶-l. 5X10¹⁵</td>

<td>Near ultraviolet</td><td>9. 9X10T9-5X10^9</td><td>200-400nm</td><td>1. 5X10¹⁵-7. 5X10¹⁴</td>

<td>visible</td><td>5X10T9-2. 5X10^-19</td><td>400-800nm</td><td>7. 5X10¹⁴-3. 8X10¹⁴</td>

<td>Near infrared</td><td>2. 5X10^_19-6. 6X1O^-20</td><td>0. 8-2. 5 μ m</td><td>3. 8X1O¹⁴-1X1O¹⁴</td>

<td>Basic infrared</td><td>6. 6 X ICT-4 X ICT</td><td>2.5-50 μ m</td><td>1X1O¹⁴-6X1O¹²</td>

<td>Far infrared</td><td>4X10^_21-6. 6X10^-22</td><td>50-300 μ m</td><td>6X1O¹²-1X1O¹²</td>

<td>microwave</td><td>6. 6X10^_22-4X10^-25</td><td>0. 3mm-0. 5m</td><td>1X1O¹²-6X1O⁸</td>

<td>Radio wave</td><td>4X10^_25-6. 6X10^-34</td><td>0. 5-300 X 10⁶m</td><td>6X10 J</td>

[0104] Electromagnetic radiation as an energy form can be absorbed or emitted, so many different types of spectroscopy can be used in the present invention to determine the spectrum type required by the spectroscopic catalyst (such as the physical catalyst spectrum type), including but not limited to X -Ray, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave, atomic absorption, flame emission, atomic emission, induced coupled plasma, DC nitrogen plasma, arc source emission, spark source emission, high-resolution laser, radio, Raman, etc.

[0105] To study electronic transitions, the substance to be studied needs to be heated to a high temperature, such as in a flame, where the molecules are atomized and excited. Another effective way to atomize gas is to use gas discharge. When a gas is placed between charged electrodes, an electric field is generated, electrons are released from the electrodes and the gas atoms themselves, and plasma or plasma-like conditions can be formed. These electrons will collide with the gas atoms that are about to be atomized, excited, or ionized. By using a high-frequency field, it is possible to induce gas discharge without using electrodes. By changing the field strength, the excitation energy can be changed. In the case of solid substances, electric spark or arc excitation can be used. In an electric spark or electric arc, the substance to be analyzed evaporates and the atoms are excited.

[0106] The basic flow chart of the emission spectrophotometer includes a purified silica sample chamber containing the sample to be excited. The sample radiation passes through the slit and is divided into spectra with the aid of dispersive elements. The spectral pattern can be detected on a screen, photographic film or by a detector.

[0107] Atoms will absorb electromagnetic energy most strongly at the same frequency they emit. The frequently performed absorption measurement is as follows: The electromagnetic radiation emitted from the radiation source passes through a wavelength-limited device and hits the physical catalyst sample held in the sample chamber. When the white light beam passes through the material, the selected frequency from the beam is absorbed. Electromagnetic radiation not absorbed by the physical catalyst passes through the sample chamber and hits the detector. When the residual beam is distributed in the spectrum, the absorbed frequency is revealed as a dark line in the continuous spectrum. The positions of these dark lines accurately correspond to the positions of the spectral lines in the emission spectrum of the same molecule or atom. The emission and absorption spectrophotometers are obtained from conventional commercial sources.

[0108] In 1885, Balmer discovered that hydrogen vibrates and generates energy at a certain frequency, which is in the visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be expressed by a simple formula: 1/λ = R(l/2²-l/m²）

[0109] where λ is the wavelength of light, R is the Rydberg constant and m is an integer greater than or equal to 3 (such as 3, 4, or 5, etc.). After that, Rydberg found that this equation can be used to reduce 1/2²Becomes l/η²It can be applied to all wavelengths in the hydrogen spectrum, as follows: 1/λ = R(l/n²-l/m²）

[0110] where n21 is an integer and m2n+1 is an integer. Therefore, for each different number η, the wavelength obtained is a series of numbers, and each such series is named after a different scientist. For example, when η = 2 and m 2 3, the energy is the visible light spectrum, and the series is called the Balmer series. The Lyman series is the ultraviolet spectrum with η = 1, and the Paschen series is the infrared spectrum with η = 3.

[0111] In the prior art, an energy level diagram is the main method used to describe the energy levels in a hydrogen atom (see FIGS. 7a and 7b).

[0112] After measuring the electromagnetic spectrum pattern of the desired catalyst (such as a physical catalyst), the catalytic spectrum pattern can be copied, at least partially copied, and applied to the reaction system. Any generator that can emit one or more frequencies within an acceptable approximate range of, for example, electromagnetic radiation frequencies can be used in the present invention. When copying one or more frequencies, such as a spectral pattern, it is not necessary to copy the frequencies accurately. For example, the effect obtained by the 1000THz frequency can also be obtained by a frequency very close to it, such as 1001 or 999THz. Therefore, each accurate frequency will have a range that can also catalyze the reaction. Specifically, Figure 12 shows that at the desired frequency f₀There is a typical bell jar curve "B" frequency distribution around, in which the required frequency can be applied differently from f₀Corresponding frequency accurately, but close enough to frequency f₀To obtain the desired effect, such as those frequencies between and including the range of fl and f?. Note that fl and 2 correspond to about half of the maximum amplitude a^ax of curve B. Therefore, whenever the term "accurate" or specifically refers to "frequency" or the like is used, it should be understood to have this meaning. In addition, above and below the precise spectral catalyst frequency, the harmonic frequency of the spectral catalyst frequency will cause resonance with the precise frequency and catalyze the reaction. In the end, it is possible to catalyze the reaction by replicating the mechanism of action of one or more precise frequencies, rather than using the precise frequencies themselves. For example, the clamp catalyzes the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen, in part by imparting radical energy at a frequency of around 1060THZ. The reaction can also be catalyzed by using microwave frequencies to impart energy to the suspect radicals, thereby replicating the mechanism of action of the clamp.

[0113] The electromagnetic radiation emission source should have the following characteristics: high intensity of the required wavelength, long life, stability, and the ability to emit electromagnetic energy in a pulsed and/or continuous manner.

[0114] Radiation sources include but are not limited to arc lamps such as fluorine arc, hydrogen and fluorine, fluorine arc, high-pressure mercury, clamp, silver; plasma arc, discharge lamps such as As, Bi, Cd, Cs, Ge, Hg, K, P, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl and Zn; hollow cathode lamps with single or multiple elements such as Cu, Pt and Ag; and sunlight and coherent electromagnetic energy emission such as masers and lasers.

[01 A maser is a device that amplifies or generates electromagnetic energy waves with high stability and accuracy. The operating principle of a maser is the same as that of a laser, but it generates electromagnetic energy from radio and microwaves instead of the visible spectrum. In a maser, electromagnetic energy is produced by molecular transitions between rotational energy levels.

[0116] The laser is a powerful coherent photon source that generates photon beams with the same frequency, phase and direction, that is, photon beams that propagate exactly the same. Thus, for example, the predetermined spectral pattern of the required catalyst can be generated by a series or a group of one or more

The frequency of laser generation is required.

[0117] Any laser that can emit the necessary electromagnetic radiation at one frequency or many frequencies of the spectral catalyst can be used in the present invention. Lasers can be used for a large part of the spectral range. They can be operated in continuous or pulse mode. Line-emitting laser light and continuous-spectrum laser light can be used in the present invention. The line source may include a nitrogen ion laser, a ruby laser, a nitrogen laser, a Nd: YAG laser, a carbon dioxide laser, a carbon monoxide laser, and a nitrous oxide-carbon dioxide laser. In addition to the spectral lines emitted by the laser, it can be tuned to various frequency ranges, thereby providing several different frequencies from one instrument and applying them to the reaction system (see the examples in Table 2).

[0118] Table 2

[0119] Several general-purpose lasers

<td>medium</td><td>Types of</td><td>Wavelength of emission, nm</td>

<td>Ar</td><td>gas</td><td>334,351.1,363.8,454.5,457.9,465.8,472.7,476.5,488.0,496.5,501.7,514.5,528.7</td>

<td>Kr</td><td>gas</td><td>350.7,356.4,406.7,413.1,415.4,468.0,476.2,482.5,520.8,530.9,568.2,647.1,676.4,752.5,799.3</td>

<td>He-Ne</td><td>gas</td><td>632.8</td>

<td>He-Cd</td><td>gas</td><td>325.0,441.6</td>

<td>n₂</td><td>gas</td><td>337.1</td>

<td>XeF</td><td>gas</td><td>351</td>

<td>KrF</td><td>gas</td><td>248</td>

<td>ArF</td><td>gas</td><td>193</td>

<td>ruby</td><td>solid</td><td>693.4</td>

<td>Nd: YAG</td><td>solid</td><td>266,355,532</td>

<td>Pbi _xCd_xS</td><td>solid</td><td>2.9X 10³-2.6X 10⁴</td>

<td>Pbi _xSe_x</td><td>solid</td><td>2.9X 10³-2.6X 10⁴</td>

<td>Pbi _xSn_xSe</td><td>solid</td><td>2.9X 10³-2.6X 10⁴</td>

<td>Pbi _xSn_xTe</td><td>solid</td><td>2.9X 10³-2.6X 10⁴</td>

[0121] Coherent light from a single laser or a series of lasers is simply applied to focus or introduce to the area where the desired reaction occurs. The light source should be close enough to avoid the occurrence of "ineffective space" where the light does not reach the reaction system, but separated far enough to ensure that the incident light is completely absorbed. Since UV light sources generate heat, these light sources may need to be cooled to maintain efficient operation. The radiation time that stimulates the reaction system can be individually tailored for each reaction: some short-term radiation is used for continuous reactions that expose a large surface to the light source; or long light contact time is used for other systems.

[0122] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reaction system with at least a part (or substantially all) of the required spectral energy catalyst (such as a spectral catalyst) to provide a spectral energy spectral pattern (such as an electromagnetic energy spectral pattern), for example, For example, the spectra of reactants and reaction products are measured and calculated by waveform analysis. Therefore, in the case of a spectral catalyst, the calculated electromagnetic spectrum pattern will be a spectral pattern or will act as a spectral catalyst to produce a preferred reaction pathway and/or a preferred reaction rate. In the basic conditions, the spectral data of the identified substance can be used to perform simple waveform calculations for

For example, to achieve the correct electromagnetic energy frequency or frequency combination required for the catalytic reaction. In simple terms,

[0123] A-B

[0124] Substance A is 50 Hz, and Substance B is 80 Hz

[0125] 80Hz-50Hz=30Hz:

[0126] Therefore, substance A + 30 Hz-substance B.

[0127] The spectrum energy spectrum type (such as the spectrum spectrum type) of both the reactant and the reaction product can be determined. In the case of spectroscopic catalysts, this can be achieved by the aforementioned spectroscopy method. Once the spectral pattern is determined under a suitable set of environmental reaction conditions (such as with a specific frequency or combination of frequencies), the spectral energy spectral pattern (such as the electromagnetic spectrum pattern) of the spectral energy catalyst (such as the spectral catalyst) can be determined. Using the spectral energy spectrum type of the reactant and the reaction product (such as the spectral spectrum type), the waveform analysis calculation can determine the energy difference between the reactant and the reaction product, and at least a part of the calculated spectral energy spectral type (such as the electromagnetic spectrum spectrum) Type) can be applied to the reaction system in the form of the spectral energy spectrum pattern (such as the spectral pattern) of the spectral energy catalyst (such as the spectral catalyst) to cause the reaction system to follow the required reaction path. The specific frequency or multiple frequencies corresponding to the calculated spectral energy spectral pattern (such as spectral pattern) of the spectral energy catalyst (such as spectral catalyst) will provide the necessary energy input into the reaction system to influence and initiate the required reaction way.

[0128] Wavelet analysis and calculation can be completed by using complex algebra, Fourier transformation, or wavelet transformation to obtain, for example, the correct electromagnetic energy frequency. The complex algebra, Fourier transformation, or wavelet transformation can be obtained through commercial channels under the trademark Mathematica ® Obtained and provided by Wolfram Corporation. It should be noted that depending on the specific environment, only a part of the calculated spectral energy catalyst (such as spectral catalyst) may be sufficient to catalyze the reaction, or it may be necessary to use substantially all of the spectral energy catalyst (such as spectral catalyst).

[0129] In addition, at least a part of the spectral energy spectral pattern (such as the required electromagnetic spectral pattern of the spectral catalyst) can be generated and applied to the reaction system by, for example, the electromagnetic radiation emission light source defined and explained above.

[0130] Spectral catalysts can be applied to many different technical aspects, ranging from biochemical processes to industrial reactions.

[0131] The specific physical catalyst that can be replaced or added in the present invention may include any solid, liquid, gas or plasma catalyst, which has homogeneous or heterogeneous catalytic activity. A homogeneous physical catalyst is defined as a catalyst whose molecules are distributed in the same phase as the chemicals participating in the reaction. A heterogeneous physical catalyst is defined as a catalyst whose molecules are not in the same phase as the chemicals participating in the reaction. In addition, enzymes considered to be biocatalysts are included in the present invention. Some examples of alternative or added physical catalysts include elemental and molecular catalysts, including but not limited to metals such as silver, pincers, nickel, rake, aluminum, nails, and iron; semiconductor metal oxides and sulfides such as Ni.₂,Zn0,Mg0,Bi₂0₃/Mo03&gt; TiO2, SrTiO3, CdS, CdSe, SiC, GaP, WO2 and MgO₃ ; Copper sulfate; insulating oxide such as Al₂O₃&gt;SiO₂ And MgO; and Ziegler-Natta (Ziegler-Natta) catalysts such as titanium tetrachloride and trialkyl aluminum.

[0132] III. Targeting

[0133] This invention discusses the frequency of energy and the properties of waves. In addition, the first section titled "Wave Energy" discloses the concept of various potential interactions between different waves. The general concepts "targeting", "direct resonance targeting", "harmonic targeting" and "non-harmonic heterodyne targeting" (the present invention has defined terms) are based on the understanding of these and others .

[0134] Targeting is generally defined as spectral energy providers (such as spectral energy catalysts, spectral catalysts, spectral energy spectrum types, spectral spectral types, catalytic spectral energy spectral types, catalytic spectral spectral types, spectral environmental reaction conditions and application spectral energy Spectral spectrum type) is applied to the reaction system. The application of these types of energy to the reaction system can lead to the interaction between the applied spectrum energy provider and the substance (including all its components) in the reaction system. This targeting can lead to

At least a part of the system, such as at least one substance in the form of at least one direct resonance, resonance and/or anharmonic heterodyne resonance. In the present invention, targeting should generally be understood as applying a specific spectral energy provider (such as a spectral energy spectral pattern) to another entity containing a substance (or any component thereof) in order to obtain a specific desired result ( Such as the desired reaction product and/or the desired reaction product obtained at the desired reaction rate). Further, the present invention provides techniques for obtaining these desired results without producing, for example, undesirable transients, intermediates, activated complexes, and/or reaction products. In this regard, there are already some limited existing technologies that apply certain forms of energy (as discussed above) to the reaction system. These certain forms of energy have been limited to direct resonance and resonance with certain electronic frequencies and/or vibration frequencies of some reactants. The use of these limited energy forms in the prior art is due to the fact that the prior art lacks a sufficient understanding of the spectroscopic energy mechanism and technology disclosed in the present invention. In addition, the prior art often has the following situations that at least some undesirable intermediates, transients, activation complexes and/or reaction products are formed, and/or suboptimal reactions occur for the required reaction pathways rate. The present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art by specifically targeting, for example, various forms of substances and/or components in the reaction system, for example, by applying the spectral energy spectrum type. The selective targeting of the present invention has never been disclosed or proposed before. Specifically, the existing technology at best reduces the use of random, trial-and-error or feedback-type analysis. Although these analyses can lead to the identification of a single spectral catalyst frequency, this method can be very expensive and time-consuming, not to mention in Potential non-reproducibility when a set of reaction conditions are slightly different. This trial-and-error technique for determining suitable catalysts also has more shortcomings, that is, once a specific catalyst is identified as working, the catalyst is left without knowing what it says. If one wants to modify the response, including a simple response that uses different sizes and shapes to modify, it is necessary to perform another trial and error analysis instead of the simple and fast calculation provided by the technology of the present invention.

[0135] Therefore, no matter when the term "targeting" is used in the present invention, it should be understood that targeting does not correspond to the energy band applied to the reaction system that is difficult to control; it corresponds to the well-defined applied spectral energy. Spectrum type, each energy spectrum type has a specific desired purpose in, for example, a reaction pathway, to obtain a desired result and/or to obtain a desired result at a desired reaction rate.

[0136] IV. Environmental reaction conditions

[0137] Environmental reaction conditions are important to understanding because they can positively or negatively affect the reaction pathways in the reaction system. Traditional environmental reaction conditions include temperature, pressure, catalyst surface area, catalyst size and shape, solvent, carrier material, poison, promoter, concentration, electromagnetic radiation, electric field, magnetic field, mechanical force, sound field, reaction vessel size, shape and composition, and Its combination and so on.

[0138] The following reactions can be used to discuss the effects of environmental reaction conditions. In order to promote the reaction along the simple reaction pathway shown below, it may be necessary to consider the environmental reaction conditions.

[0139]

C

A - B

[0140] Specifically, in some cases, reactant A will not form reaction product B in the presence of any catalyst, unless the environmental reaction conditions in the reaction system include certain environmental reaction conditions such as pressure and/or temperature. The largest or smallest condition. In this regard, many reactions will not occur in the presence of a physical catalyst unless the ambient reaction conditions include, for example, elevated temperature and/or elevated pressure. In the present invention, these environmental reaction conditions should be considered when using specific spectral energy catalysts (such as spectral catalysts). Many details of the various environmental reaction conditions are discussed in more detail in the chapter of the present invention entitled "Description of Preferred Embodiments".

[0141] V. Spectral environmental reaction conditions

[0142] If it is known that even in the presence of a catalyst, certain reaction pathways will not appear in the reaction system (or not appear at an ideal rate) unless, for example, there are minimum or maximum environmental reaction conditions (such as temperature and/or pressure rise). High), then an additional frequency or combination of frequencies (that is, the applied spectrum energy spectrum type) can be applied to the reaction system. In this regard, for the required reaction pathway and/or compliance with the required reaction rate, spectral environmental reaction conditions can be used to replace or supplement those naturally occurring or required environmental reaction conditions. Environmental reaction conditions that can be supplemented or replaced with spectral reaction conditions include, for example, temperature, pressure, catalyst surface area, catalyst size and shape, solvent, carrier material, poison, promoter, concentration, electric field, and magnetic field.

[0143] Furthermore, specific frequencies or combinations of frequencies and/or fields capable of generating one or more spectral environmental reaction conditions are combined with one or more spectral energy catalysts and/or spectral catalysts to generate applied spectral energy spectral patterns. Therefore, there can be a variety of considerations for which specific frequency or combination of frequencies and/or fields can be ideally combined (or replaced) with, for example, various environmental reaction conditions.

[0144] As an example, in a simple reaction, suppose the frequency or simple spectral pattern of the first reactant "A" is 3ΊΉζ, and the frequency or simple spectral pattern of the second reactant "B" is 7THzo room temperature Nothing happens under the hood. However, when reactants A and B are at a high temperature, their frequencies or simple spectral patterns are both converted to 5THzo. Due to the frequency matching, they transfer energy and react. By using a frequency of 2THz at room temperature, the 2THz frequency used will be inferior to the 3THz spectral pattern, resulting in ITHz and 5THz heterodyne frequencies; when the 2THz frequency used will be the same as the spectral pattern of the reactant "B" 7ΊΉζ In the case of heterodyne, a heterodyne frequency of 5 THz and 9 THz will be produced in the reactant "B". Therefore, a heterodyne frequency of 5 THz is generated in each of the reactants "A" and "B" at room temperature. Therefore, the frequency of each reactant is matched so that energy can be transferred between the reactants "A" and "B". When the energy transfer between these reactants, all the ideal reactions along the reaction pathway can be obtained. However, in some reactions, by using a single frequency, only some ideal reactions along the reaction pathway can be obtained. In these cases, additional frequencies and/or fields need to be used to result in all the desired steps along the reaction pathway, including but not limited to the formation of all required reaction intermediates and/or transients.

[0145] Therefore, by using frequencies or combinations of frequencies and/or fields corresponding to at least one spectral environmental reaction condition (ie, newly generated applied spectral energy patterns), spectral energy patterns (such as reactants, intermediates, transients) The spectral pattern of the body and catalyst, etc.) can be effectively modified, which can generate a broad spectral energy spectral pattern in some cases (such as a wider spectral pattern) or a narrow spectral energy spectral pattern in other cases (Such as spectrum type). Such a wider or narrower spectral energy spectral pattern (such as a spectral pattern) may correspond to a broadening or narrowing of the line width in the spectral energy spectral pattern (such as a spectral pattern). As described in the full text of the present invention, when the frequency matches, energy is transferred. In this particular embodiment, frequency matching can be caused by, for example, broadening the spectral pattern of one or more participants in the reaction system. For example, as discussed in more detail below in the present invention, the application of temperature conditions to the reaction system generally results in, for example, a broadening of one or more spectral patterns of one or more reactants in the reaction system (eg, broadening of the line width). It is this broadening of the spectral pattern that can cause the spectral patterns of one or more reactants, for example, to overlap. Overlapping spectral patterns can lead to frequency matching and thus energy transfer. When energy is transferred, the reaction can take place. The scope of the reaction includes all reactions along any specific reaction pathway. Therefore, the broadening of the spectral pattern can lead to, for example, the formation of reaction products and the formation of reaction intermediates and/or transients, catalyst frequencies, poisons and co-catalysts, etc. and/or Activate and/or stabilize. In the reaction system discussed in detail in the section entitled "Detailed Preferred Embodiments", all environmental reaction conditions can be at least partially activated by the application of spectral environmental reaction conditions.

[0146] Similarly, by changing, for example, at least one spectral environmental reaction condition and thus changing the applied spectral energy spectral pattern, the spectral pattern can be caused to become non-overlapping. In this case, energy will not be transferred (or the rate of energy transfer can be reduced), so the reaction will not occur (or the reaction rate will slow down).

[0147] Spectral environmental reaction conditions can be used to initiate and/or terminate reactions in the reaction pathway. Therefore, some reactions can be started, stopped, slowed down, and/or accelerated by, for example, using different spectral environmental reaction conditions at different times and/or at different intensities during the reaction process. Therefore, the spectroscopic environmental reaction conditions can positively or negatively affect the reaction pathway and/or reaction rate in the reaction system.

[0148] VI. Design Physics and Spectroscopy Catalysts

[0149] In addition, by using the above techniques to design (such as calculation or measurement) of the ideal spectral energy spectrum pattern, for example, the ideal spectral pattern for a spectral energy catalyst (such as a spectral catalyst), instead of using a spectral energy catalyst (such as a spectrum) The catalyst itself, for example, the designed spectral pattern can be used to design and/or determine the best physical and/or spectral catalyst that can be used in the reaction system. Furthermore, the present invention can provide formulations of physical and/or spectroscopic catalysts for specific reaction systems in which no catalysts existed before. For example, in a reaction:

[0150] A-I-B

[0151] Where A is a reactant, B is a product, and I is a known intermediate, and there is no known catalyst among them. Both physical or spectral catalysts can be designed and resonate with the intermediate "I" for example, thereby catalyzing reaction.

[0152] In the first step, the designed spectral pattern can be compared with the known spectral pattern of the existing substance to determine whether there is a similarity between the designed spectral pattern and the spectral pattern of the known substance. If the designed spectral pattern matches the spectral pattern of the known substance at least in part, it is possible to use the known substance as a physical catalyst in the reaction system. In this regard, it is desirable to use a known substance alone or in combination with a spectral energy catalyst and/or a spectral catalyst. Still further, it is possible to adopt environmental reaction conditions and/or spectral environmental reaction conditions to make known substances behave in a manner closer to the designed energy spectral pattern or spectral pattern. Furthermore, the application of different spectral energy spectral patterns can cause the designed catalyst to behave in different ways. For example, using the first spectral energy spectral pattern promotes the first reaction pathway, while using the second spectral energy spectral pattern promotes the second. Kind of reaction pathway. Similarly, changing one or more environmental reaction conditions can have similar effects.

[0153] Further, this designed catalyst is applied to all types of reactions, including but not limited to chemistry (organic and inorganic), biology, physics and energy.

[0154] Also, in some cases, one or more physical species can be used or combined in a suitable manner, such as physical mixing or chemical reaction, to obtain a suitable design spectral energy spectral pattern (such as spectral pattern ) Physical catalyst material to achieve the required reaction pathway. Therefore, design catalysts (such as known or specially prepared physical catalysts with physical catalyst functions), spectral energy catalysts, and/or combinations of spectral catalysts can lead to new energy spectral patterns (for example, in this case, the energy is physically The combination of catalyst and/or spectroscopy catalyst), the energy spectrum pattern guides the formation of the desired reaction product and/or the desired reaction rate along the desired reaction pathway. In this regard, when the designed catalyst is combined with multiple spectral energy spectral patterns and/or spectral spectral patterns, the spectral energy spectral patterns and/or various line widths of the spectral spectral patterns may be broadened and/or narrowed.

[0155] When calculating or determining a suitable designed catalyst, it is important to consider the energy interaction between all components of the reaction system. There will be a specific combination of a specific energy spectrum type (such as electromagnetic energy) that will interact with the designed catalyst to form an applied spectrum energy spectrum type. For example, when the specific frequency of the electromagnetic radiation that is triggered and applied to the reaction system interacts with the designed catalyst frequency, it should contain as many frequencies as possible. For one or more participants in the reaction system, these frequencies can produce Ideal effect, and eliminate as many frequencies as possible, which will bring undesirable effects in the reaction system.

[0156] VII. Spectral Medicine

[0157] Many agents act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. But there are a few exceptions, the superior effect of drugs comes from them

Interactions with functional macromolecular components of the host body. These interactions change the functions of related cellular components and thereby initiate a series of biochemical and physiological changes that are characteristic of drug responses.

[0158] Drugs are usually described in terms of a significant effect or an effect that is considered to be the basis of the effect. However, these descriptions should not obscure the fact that no drugs only produce a single effect. Morphine is correctly described as an analgesic, but it also inhibits the cough reflex, plays a role in sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, bronchoconstriction, histamine release, antidiuretic and many other side effects. Appropriate description of the characteristics of a drug is only based on its effects in all aspects, no drug has enough selectivity to be described as specific.

[0159] One of the objectives of the present invention is to replace or enhance the medicament by introducing a spectral energy catalyst (such as a spectral catalyst) to provide more targeted methods for obtaining the desired reaction from a biological system, and the medicament can simulate Given the effect or mechanism of action of the enzyme, and thereby limit the generation of unwanted side effects usually associated with pharmaceutical agents. In addition, some reactions can be achieved with spectroscopic catalysts, but cannot be achieved with any special physical catalyst agents.

[0160] The first embodiment of this aspect of the invention relates to DHEA and melatonin, both of which are pharmaceutical agents that are believed to be involved in slowing down and/or reversing the aging process. The electromagnetic spectrum patterns of DHEA and melatonin can be emitted from light bulbs at home or at work. The resulting EM radiation can be directly absorbed into the central nervous system through the optic nerve and optic tract, where aging occurs, that is, the central nervous system and the pineal-hypothalamus-pituitary system, producing anti-aging effects.

[0161] The second embodiment of this aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a drug spectrum pattern to reduce LDL cholesterol levels, for example, the drug spectrum pattern is negatively catalyzed by HMG coenzyme A reductase in a mattress or in a cushion. emission. Therefore, the ideal effect can be achieved by using a unique spectral pattern designed to produce the desired reaction product to target the appropriate biological agent.

[0162] The third embodiment of this aspect of the invention relates to the use of spectroscopic drugs to treat bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral diseases. Specifically, by generating the catalytic spectrum pattern of a known drug catalyst, the effect similar to that of a physical drug catalyst can be obtained.

[0163] Another embodiment of this aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating asthma, which involves the autonomic nervous system, which plays a key role in controlling the bronchial muscle elasticity of normal trachea and those suffering from bronchospasm. The effect of the autonomic nervous system is thought to be transmitted through the storage of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cyclic ornithine monophosphate (GMP) in bronchial smooth muscle cells. Further, acetylcholine or vagus nerve excitation is believed to provide an increase in the amount of cyclic GMP relative to cyclic AMP, leading to smooth muscle contraction and asthma attacks. Conversely, an increase in the amount of cyclic AMP relative to cyclic GMP in bronchial smooth muscle cells causes bronchial muscle relaxation, thereby providing a method for the treatment of asthma. Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP. Therefore, by using the catalytic spectrum pattern of adenyl cyclase (such as the pendant on the neck), asthma relief can be achieved.

[0164] Some of the most amazing physical catalysts are enzymes, which catalyze numerous reactions in living organisms. Of all the intricate processes that have evolved in life systems, none is more significant or more important than enzymatic catalysis. The amazing fact about enzymes is that not only enzymes can increase the rate of biochemical reactions10⁶-10¹²Times, and also highly specific. Enzymes only act on certain molecules and leave the rest of the system unaffected. It has been found that some enzymes have a high degree of specificity, while others can catalyze many reactions. If a biological reaction is catalyzed by only one enzyme, the loss or reduction of that enzyme's activity can greatly inhibit this particular reaction and may be harmful to living organisms. If this situation occurs, the exact enzyme or mechanism can be determined for the catalytic spectrum energy spectrum type, and then by providing a spectrum energy catalyst to replace the enzyme can supplement the genetic deficiency.

[0165] VIII. Purpose of the Invention

[0166] All the above-mentioned information disclosed in the present invention should provide a comprehensive understanding of the main aspects of the present invention. However, in order to further understand the present invention, the present invention will now be discussed based on some representative objects or objectives to be achieved.

[0167] 1. An object of the present invention is to control or orient the reaction pathways in the reaction system by using the spectral energy spectral pattern in the form of a spectral catalyst, the spectral energy spectral pattern having at least one electromagnetic energy frequency, which can start , Activate and/or influence at least one participant contained in the reaction system.

2. Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective, selective and economical method for replacing the known physical catalyst in the reaction system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0169] Duplicate at least a part of the spectral pattern of a physical catalyst (such as at least one frequency of a physical catalyst spectral pattern) to form a catalytic spectral pattern; and

[0170] At least a part of the catalytic spectrum pattern is used in the reaction system.

[0171] 3. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for enhancing a physical catalyst in a reaction system with its own catalytic spectrum pattern, which includes the following steps:

[0172] Determine the electromagnetic spectrum pattern of the physical catalyst; and

[0173] Using at least one electromagnetic energy emitter source to replicate at least one frequency of the physical catalyst spectral pattern to form a catalytic spectral pattern; and

[0174] At least one frequency of the catalytic spectral pattern is applied to the reaction system with sufficient intensity and duration for sufficient time to catalyze the formation of a reaction product in the reaction system.

4. Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective, selective and economical method for replacing the known physical catalyst in the reaction system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0176] Duplicate at least a part of a physical catalyst spectral pattern (such as at least one frequency of a physical catalyst spectral pattern) to form a catalytic spectral pattern; and

[0177] Using at least a portion of the catalytic spectrum pattern in the reaction system; and

[0178] At least one additional spectral energy spectral pattern is used, and when it is combined with the catalytic spectral pattern, an applied spectral energy spectral pattern is formed.

5. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for replacing a physical catalyst in a reaction system, which includes the following steps:

[0180] Determine the electromagnetic spectrum pattern of the physical catalyst;

[0181] Using at least one electromagnetic energy emitter source to replicate at least one frequency of the electromagnetic spectrum pattern of the physical catalyst to form a catalytic spectrum pattern;

[0182] using at least one frequency of the catalytic spectrum type into the reaction system; and

[0183] At least one additional spectral energy spectral pattern is used to form an applied spectral energy spectral pattern, which is used with sufficient intensity and duration for sufficient time to catalyze the formation of at least one reaction in the reaction system product.

6. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of influencing and/or orienting the reaction system by adding a physical catalyst and a spectral catalyst, which includes the following steps:

[0185] Using at least one electromagnetic energy emitter source to replicate at least a part of the spectral pattern of a physical catalyst (such as at least one frequency of a physical catalyst spectral pattern) to form a catalytic spectral pattern;

[0186] Applying at least a portion of the catalytic spectrum pattern (for example, an electromagnetic spectrum pattern having a frequency ranging from about radio frequency to about ultraviolet frequency) to the reaction system (such as radiation) with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction system; and [ 0187] A physical catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0188] By applying the catalytic spectrum pattern to the reaction system before, and/or during use, and/or after use

The above method can be implemented by introducing a physical catalyst into the reaction system.

[0189] 7. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for influencing and/or orienting the reaction system by adding a physical catalyst with a spectral energy catalyst, which includes the following steps:

[0190] using at least one spectral energy catalyst with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction system;

[0191] A physical catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0192] The above method can be implemented by introducing a physical catalyst into the reaction system before the spectral energy catalyst is used in the reaction system, and/or during use, and/or after use.

[0193] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for influencing and/or orienting the reaction system by adding a spectral catalyst and a spectral energy catalyst for physical catalysts, which includes the following steps:

[0194] using at least one spectroscopic catalyst with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to at least partially catalyze the reaction system;

[0195] using at least one spectral energy catalyst with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to at least partially catalyze the reaction system; and

[0196] A physical catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0197] The above method can be implemented by introducing a physical catalyst into the reaction system before, and/or during, and/or after the use of the spectroscopic catalyst and/or the spectroscopic energy catalyst in the reaction system. In addition, the spectral catalyst and the spectral energy catalyst can be used at the same time to form the applied spectral energy spectrum pattern, or they can be used sequentially at the same or different time as the physical catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0198] 9. Another object of the present invention is to use or without physical catalysts, spectral catalysts, spectral energy catalysts and spectral environmental reaction conditions to provide a method of influencing and/or orienting the reaction system, which includes the following steps:

[0199] using at least one spectroscopic catalyst with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction pathway;

[0200] using at least one spectral energy catalyst with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction pathway;

[0201] At least one spectral environmental reaction condition is used with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction pathway, whereby any of the at least one spectral catalyst, the at least one spectral energy catalyst and/or the at least one spectral environmental reaction When the conditions are used at the same time, they form the applied spectrum energy spectrum pattern; and

[0202] A physical catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0203] By introducing a physical catalyst into the reaction before any one of the spectral catalyst and/or the spectral energy catalyst and/or the spectral environmental reaction conditions or any combination thereof is used in the reaction system, and/or during use, and/or after use The above methods can be implemented in the system. Similarly, the spectral catalyst and/or the spectral energy catalyst and/or the spectral environmental reaction conditions can be provided sequentially or continuously.

[0204] 10. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for influencing and orienting the reaction system by applying a spectral energy spectral pattern and a spectral energy catalyst, which includes the following steps:

[0205] Using at least one applied spectral energy spectral pattern with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to catalyze the reaction system, whereby the at least one applied spectral energy spectral pattern comprises at least two members selected from the group consisting of catalytic spectral energy Spectrum type, catalytic spectrum type, spectrum catalyst, spectrum energy catalyst, spectrum energy spectrum type, spectral environmental reaction conditions and spectrum type; and

[0206] At least one spectral energy catalyst is introduced into the reaction system.

[0207] The above method can be implemented by introducing the above-mentioned applied spectral energy spectrum pattern into the reaction system before, and/or during, and/or after the use of the spectral energy catalyst in the reaction system. In addition, the spectral energy catalyst and the applied spectral energy spectral pattern can be provided sequentially or continuously. If used continuously, a new application spectrum energy spectrum pattern is formed.

11. Another object of the present invention is to use a spectral energy catalyst to provide a way to influence and orient the reaction system

Method, which includes the following steps:

[0209] Determining at least a part of the spectrum energy spectrum type of the initial reactant in the reaction system;

[0210] determining at least a part of the spectrum energy spectrum type of the reaction product in the reaction system;

[0211] Calculate the spectral energy spectral type (for example, at least one electromagnetic frequency) obtained by adding the spectral energy spectral types of the reactants and the reaction product to determine the required spectral energy catalyst (for example, a spectral catalyst);

[0212] generating at least a portion of the required spectral energy catalyst (for example, at least one electromagnetic frequency of the required spectral catalyst); and

[0213] At least a part of the required spectral energy catalyst (such as a spectral catalyst) is applied to the reaction system (such as radiated with electromagnetic energy) to form a desired reaction product.

[0214] 12. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using a spectral energy catalyst to influence and orient the reaction system, which includes the following steps:

[0215] using at least one spectroscopic energy catalyst to target at least one participant in the reaction system so as to initiate the formation and/or excitation and/or stabilization of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate, Thereby, the desired reaction product is produced.

[0216] 13. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system to generate at least one reaction product using a spectral energy profile, which includes:

[0217] Use of at least one spectral energy profile with sufficient intensity for sufficient time to initiate the formation and/or excitation and/or stabilization of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate so as to achieve the desired reaction rate The desired reaction product is formed.

[0218] 14. Another object of the present invention is to use a spectral energy catalyst and at least one spectral environmental reaction condition to provide a method for influencing and orienting the reaction system, which includes the following steps:

[0219] using at least one applied spectral energy catalyst to at least one participant in the reaction system; and

[0220] At least one spectroscopic environmental reaction condition is used in the reaction system to initiate the formation and/or excitation and/or stabilization of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate, thereby allowing the formation of Requires reaction product.

15. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing the reaction system to generate at least one reaction product using a spectral energy catalyst, which includes:

[0222] Using at least one frequency (eg electromagnetic) that is heterodyne with the at least one reactant frequency in order to initiate the formation and/or excitation and/or stabilization of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate , Thereby generating the desired reaction product.

[0223] 16. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system to generate at least one reaction product by using at least one spectral energy spectrum pattern, which includes:

[0224] A sufficient number of frequencies (such as electromagnetic) and/or fields (such as electrical and/or magnetic) are used to generate applied spectral energy spectral patterns that excite all required in the reaction pathway Transients and/or intermediates to generate the desired reaction product.

[0225] 17. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system and generating at least one reaction product with a spectral energy catalyst, which includes:

[0226] At least one frequency and/or field is used to target at least one participant in the reaction system so as to indirectly form at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate, whereby the at least The formation of one transient and/or at least one intermediate results in the formation of at least one additional transient and/or at least one additional intermediate.

[0227] 1&amp; Another object of the present invention is to provide a spectroscopic energy catalyst to catalyze the reaction system and generate at least one

A method for a reaction product, which includes:

[0228] At least one spectroscopic energy catalyst is targeted to at least one participant in the reaction system to indirectly form at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate, whereby the at least one transient The formation of the variant and/or at least one intermediate results in the formation of at least one additional transient and/or at least one additional intermediate.

19. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for orienting a reaction system along a desired reaction pathway, which includes:

[0230] At least one targeting method is used, the method selected from direct resonance targeting, harmonic targeting and non-harmonic heterodyne targeting.

[0231] In this regard, these targeted methods can trigger the formation and/or excitation and/or stabilization of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate, thereby generating the desired reaction product.

[0232] 20. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system, which includes:

[0233] At least one frequency is used to at least one participant and/or at least one component in the reaction system in order to initiate the formation of at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate and/ Or excited and/or stabilized to generate the desired reaction product, whereby the at least one frequency includes at least one frequency selected from the following: direct resonance frequency, resonance frequency, non-harmonic heterodyne resonance frequency, Electronic frequency, vibration frequency, rotation frequency, rotation-vibration frequency, fine cracking frequency, ultra-fine cracking frequency, electric field cracking frequency, magnetic field cracking frequency, cyclotron resonance frequency, orbital frequency and nuclear frequency.

[0234] In this regard, the application frequency can include any desired frequency or frequency combination, which directly, harmonically or through non-harmonic heterodyne techniques with at least one participant and/or at least one group in the reaction system Sub-resonance.

[0235] 21. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the spectral energy profile to orient the reaction system along the required reaction pathway, which includes:

[0236] At least one frequency and/or field is used to induce the spectral energy profile (such as the spectral profile) of the at least one participant and/or at least one component in the system to interact with the reaction system At least one other participant and/or at least one other component has a spectral energy spectral pattern (such as a spectral pattern) at least partially overlapping, thereby allowing energy to be transferred between the at least two participants and/or components .

[0237] 22. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system and generating at least one reaction product by using a spectral energy spectrum pattern, which includes:

[0238] At least one spectral energy spectrum pattern is used in order to trigger the spectral energy spectral pattern of at least one participant and/or component in the system with at least one other participant and/or in the reaction system Or the spectral energy spectral patterns of the components at least partially overlap, thereby allowing energy to be transferred between at least two participants and/or components, thereby promoting the formation of the at least one reaction product.

[0239] 23. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for catalyzing a reaction system and generating at least one reaction product with a spectral energy catalyst, which includes:

[0240] Using at least one frequency and/or field in order to cause at least one participant (such as at least one reactant) and/or a component in the system to broaden its spectral energy profile (such as spectral profile) , Resulting in energy transfer, causing at least one participant and/or at least one component of the reaction system to change (such as chemical, physical, phase or other).

[0241] In this respect, the change may generate a reaction product that belongs to a chemical composition and/or a different physical or crystalline composition and/or different from any chemical and/or physical or crystalline composition and/or phase of any initial reactant. phase. Therefore, only transients can participate in the conversion of reactants into reaction products.

[0242] 24. A further object of the present invention is to provide a spectroscopic energy catalyst to catalyze the reaction system and generate at least one

A method for a reaction product, which includes:

[0243] Using the applied spectral energy spectral pattern so as to cause at least one participant (such as at least one reactant) and/or component in the system to broaden the spectral energy spectral pattern (such as spectral pattern), It causes energy transfer to occur, causing at least one participant and/or at least one component of the reaction system to change (such as chemical, physical, phase or other).

[0244] In this respect, the change can generate a reaction product that belongs to a chemical composition and/or a different physical or crystalline composition and/or different from any chemical and/or physical or crystalline composition and/or phase of any initial reactant. phase. Therefore, only transients can participate in the conversion of reactants into reaction products.

[0245] 25. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the reaction and/or directed reaction pathway by adopting at least one spectral environmental reaction condition, which includes:

[0246] forming a reaction system; and

[0247] At least one spectral environmental reaction condition is used in order to orient the reaction system along the desired reaction pathway.

[0248] In this regard, the application of spectral environmental reaction conditions can be used alone or in combination with other environmental reaction conditions to obtain desired results. Further, the additional spectral energy spectral pattern can also be used simultaneously and/or continuously with the spectral environmental reaction conditions.

[0249] 26. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a catalyst that is used in a reaction system where no catalyst (such as a physical catalyst and/or a spectral energy catalyst) exists before, which includes:

[0250] Determine the required spectral pattern to obtain the required reaction and/or the required reaction pathway and/or the required reaction rate; and

[0251] A catalyst (such as a substance or a combination of substances, and/or a spectral energy catalyst) is designed, and the catalyst exhibits a spectral pattern similar to the required spectral pattern.

[0252] In this regard, a substance designed as a catalyst may include one or more substances and/or a physical mixture of more substances that have been combined by a suitable reaction, such as a chemical reaction. The designed substance can also be applied to one or more spectral energy spectral type enhancement functions in the reaction system. In addition, the application of different spectral energy spectral patterns can cause the designed substances to behave in different ways. For example, using the first spectral energy spectral pattern to promote the first reaction pathway, while using the second spectral energy spectral pattern to promote the second Two reaction pathways. Similarly, changes in one or more environmental reaction conditions can produce similar effects.

[0253] Further, this designed substance is used in all types of reactions, including but not limited to chemical (organic and inorganic), biological and physical reactions, etc.

[0254] Without wishing to be bound by specific operating principles or explanations, it is believed that as long as the frequencies match, energy is transferred. Energy transfer energy is energy sharing between two entities and/or energy transfer from one entity to another, for example. The entities may be both substances, for example, or one entity is matter and the other is energy (for example, energy may be spectral energy spectral type such as electromagnetic frequency, and/or electric and/or magnetic fields).

Description of the drawings

[0255] FIGS. 1a and 1b graphically represent acoustic waves or electromagnetic waves.

[0256] FIG. 1c represents a combined wave, which is produced by the combination of the waves of FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b.

[0257] FIGS. 2a and 2b show two waves with different amplitudes but the same frequency. Figure 2a shows a low-amplitude wave, while Figure 2b shows a high-amplitude wave.

[0258] Figures 3a and 3b show frequency diagrams. Figure 3a shows that time versus amplitude is not intended, and Figure 3b shows a schematic diagram of frequency versus amplitude.

[0259] FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the heterodyne series.

[0260] FIG. 5 shows an example of the heterodyne series from FIG. 4.

[0261] FIG. 6 shows a fractal diagram.

[0262] FIGS. 7a and 7b show energy level diagrams of hydrogen.

[0263] Figures 8a-8c show 3 different simple reaction schemes.

[0264] FIGS. 9a and 9b show fine frequency graph curves of hydrogen.

[0265] FIG. 10 shows various frequencies and intensities of hydrogen.

[0266] FIGS. 11a and 11b show two light magnifications using stimulated emission/population inversion.

[0267] FIG. 12 shows a resonance wave, where the resonance frequency is f₀, The high frequency is f₂And the low frequency rate is f\, and f₂F° amplitude of about %.

[0268] Figures 13a and 13b show two different resonance curves with different quality factors. Figure 13a shows a narrow resonance curve for high Q, and Figure 13b shows a wide resonance curve for low Q.

14 shows two different energy transfer curves of resonance fundamental frequency (curve A) and harmonic frequency (curve B).

[0270] Figures 15a-c show the spectral pattern changes at three different temperatures. Figure 15a shows low temperature, Figure 15b shows medium temperature, and Figure 15c shows high temperature.

[0271] FIG. 16 is a spectral curve, which corresponds to f₂The line width of -fj.

[0272] Figures 17a and 17b show two amplitude versus frequency curves. Figure 17a shows the differentiated spectral curves at low temperature; and Figure 17b shows the overlapped spectral curves at high temperature.

[0273] Figure 18a shows the effect of temperature on the resolution of the infrared absorption spectrum; Figure 18b shows the black body radiation; and Figure 18c shows the curves A and C at low temperatures, and the broadened curves A and C* at high temperatures, while C* also Shift.

[0274] FIG. 19 shows the spectral pattern, which shows the effect of pressure broadening the NI pattern of the compound.

[0275] FIG. 20 shows the theoretical morphology of the pressure-broadened spectrum of a single compound under three different pressures.

[0276] Figures 21a and 21b show the experimental confirmation of changes in the spectral pattern under pressure. Figure 21a corresponds to the spectral pattern representing the absorption of water vapor in the air, and Figure 21b corresponds to the NH at one atmospheric pressure₃Spectral type of absorption. [0277] FIG. 22a shows the radiation of a single atom and FIG. 22b shows the radiation of a group of atoms.

[0278] Figures 23a-d show four different spectral curves, three of which show self-absorption spectra. Fig. 23a is a standard spectral curve, which does not show any self-absorption; Fig. 23b shows the shift of resonance frequency due to self-absorption; Fig. 23c shows the self-corrosion spectrum type due to self-absorption; and Fig. 23d shows an attenuation example of the self-corrosion spectrum type.

[0279] FIG. 24a shows the absorption spectrum of ethanol and phthalic acid in hexane; FIG. 24b shows the absorption spectrum of iodine absorption in ethanol and carbon tetrachloride; and FIG. 24c shows the mixture of ethanol and benzene on the solute phenylazo The influence of phenol.

[0280] FIG. 25a shows a tetrahedral unit of alumina and FIG. 25b shows a tetrahedral unit of silica.

[0281] FIG. 26a shows the crystal structure of a truncated octahedron after aluminum or silicon is combined with oxygen and FIG. 26b shows a plurality of truncated octahedrons connected together to represent zeolite. Figure 26c shows a truncated octahedron in which zeolite "X" and zeolite "Y" are connected together by oxygen bridges.

[0282] FIG. 27 illustrates the effect of copper and buttons on the zinc/cadmium wire ratio.

[0283] FIG. 28 illustrates the effect of magnesium on the copper/aluminum strength ratio.

[0284] Figure 29 shows the following concentrations: a) 0.01M; b) 0.03M; c) 0.06M; d) 0.10M; 3) 0.15M to carbon tetrachloride

The influence of the atomic spectrum frequency of N-methylurethane in solution.

[0285] FIG. 30 shows a schematic diagram corresponding to the hydrogen emission spectrum. Specifically, Figure 30a corresponds to the Balmer series 2 of hydrogen; and Figure 30b corresponds to the emission spectrum of hydrogen at a frequency of 456 THz.

[0286] FIG. 31 corresponds to the high-resolution laser saturation spectrum of the hydrogen 456THZ frequency.

[0287] FIG. 32 shows the fine splitting frequency that exists under a typical spectral curve.

[0288] FIG. 33 corresponds to the atomic electron level (n) diagram in the fine structure frequency (α).

[0289] FIG. 34 shows the fine structure of the n=1 and n=2 levels of the hydrogen atom.

[0290] FIG. 35 shows the multiple spectral splitting of the lowest energy levels of carbon, oxygen and fluorine: 43.5cm=1. 3THz; 16.4cm^_1 = 490GHz; 226.5cm^_1 = 6. 77THz; 15&amp; 5cm^_1 = 4. 74THz; 404cm^_1 = 12. lTHz_o

[0291] FIG. 36 shows that the wavelength is 10 μm²SF₆Vibration band.

[0292] FIG. 37a shows a spectrum pattern similar to that shown in FIG. 36, with a specific amplified frequency. Figure 37b shows the compound SF in more detail₆The fine structure frequency.

[0293] FIG. 38 shows energy level diagrams corresponding to different energy levels of molecules, wherein the rotational energy level corresponds to "J", the vibrational energy level corresponds to "Y" and the electronic level corresponds to "n".

[0294] FIGS. 39a and 39b correspond to the pure rotational absorption spectra of hydrogen chloride gas recorded with an interferometer; FIG. 39b shows the same spectrum as FIG. 39a at low resolution (ie, does not show any fine frequencies).

[0295] FIG. 40 corresponds to the rotational spectrum of hydrogen oxide. "J" corresponds to the rotation level.

[0296] FIG. 41 shows the spectrum corresponding to the sum and heterodyne of the addition and heterodyne of the display frequency band in A (γ factory "), B = Y factory 2 γ §.

[0297] FIG. 42 illustrates a fine structure spectrum showing the first set of four rotational frequencies of CO in the ground state. The difference (heterodyne) between the rotation frequencies of the molecular fine structure is the 2X rotation constant B (that is, f₂-f_x = 2B). In this case, B = 57.6GHz (57635. 970MHz).

[0298] FIG. 43a shows the rotation and vibration frequency (MHz) of LiF. Figure 43b shows the difference between the rotation and vibration frequencies of LiF.

[0299] FIG. 44 shows the rotational transition of the three-atom molecule OCS J = 1-2. The vibrational state is given by the number of vibrational quantum numbers in parentheses (", γ2, γ3), and 5 has a superscript [1] In this case, 1 = 1. The superscript 1 is used for the lower of the type 1 electron couple The frequency component, and superscript 2 is used for the higher frequency component of Type 1 electronic couple. The two lines (ΟΡΟ) and (ΟΡΟ) are Type 1 electronic couples, separated by Qi.

[0300] FIG. 45 shows SF₆The rotation-vibration band and fine structure frequency.

[0301] FIG. 46 shows an enlarged fine structure spectrum of SFs from 0 to U 300.

[0302] FIGS. 47a and 47b show magnified views of two curves from SF&amp;Fine Structure, which show the ultrafine fine structure frequency. Pay attention to the neat spacing of the ultra-precision fine structure curves. FIG. 47a shows an enlarged view of the curve marked with a single asterisk (*) in FIG. 46, and FIG. 47b shows an enlarged view of the curve marked with a double asterisk (**) in FIG. 46.

[0303] FIG. 48 shows an energy level diagram, which corresponds to the hyperfine splitting of the hyperfine structure in the transition of n=2 to lj n=3 of hydrogen.

[0304] FIG. 49 shows that in the CH₃The rotational transition of I J = 1-2 in the hyperfine structure.

[0305] FIG. 50 shows the hyperfine structure of the J =1-2 transition of C1CN in the vibrational ground state.

[0306] FIG. 51 shows the energy level diagram and the hyperfine frequency of the NO molecule.

[0307] FIG. 52 shows that corresponding to NH₃The ultra-fine frequency spectrum.

[0308] FIG. 53 shows the hyperfine structure and doubletization of the rotation level J=3 in the N&amp; spectrum. The upper curve in Figure 53 represents experimental data, while the lower curve comes from theoretical calculations. The frequency increases at 60KHz intervals from left to right.

[0309] FIG. 54 shows the hyperfine structure and doubletization of the rotation level J=4 in the anode 3 spectrum. Each upper curve in Figure 54 represents experimental data, while the lower curve comes from theoretical calculations. The frequency increases at 60KHz intervals from left to right.

[0310] FIG. 55 shows the Stark effect (Stark line collision reaction) of potassium. In particular, the dependence of the 4$ and 5 J energy levels on the electric field is illustrated.

[0311] FIG. 56 draws 5p with icons²P1/2-4s²S1/2._3/2The relationship of the deviation of the transition wave number from the zero field position to the square of the electric field.

[0312] FIG. 57 shows the frequency components of the J=0-1 rotational transition of CH3CI as a function of field strength. The frequency is expressed in megacycles (MHz), and the electric field strength (esu cm) is expressed as the square of the field E², esu²/cm²Said.

[0313] FIG. 58 shows the theoretical and experimental determination of the Stark effect in the J =1-2 transition of the molecule OCS. The absolute rotation frequency that does not change is plotted at the zero point, and the frequency split and shift are expressed in MHz higher or lower than the original frequency.

[0314] FIG. 59 shows the spectral pattern of the Stark component in the rotational transition of the asymmetric top molecule. Specifically, Figure 59a shows the transition with J = 4-5; and Figure 59b shows the transition with J = 4-5. The electric field is large enough to resolve the entire spectrum.

[0315] FIG. 60 shows the Stark effect of the OCS molecule in the J = 1-2 transition at various frequencies using an applied electric field. The "a" curve represents the Stark effect of a static DC electric field; the "b" curve represents the broadening and blurring of the Stark frequency of the ΙΚΗζ electric field; the "c" curve represents the standard Stark effect under an electric field of 1200KHZ.

[0316] FIG. 61a shows the structure of the Stark waveguide and FIG. 61b shows the field distribution in the Stark waveguide.

[0317] FIG. 62a shows the Zeeman effect of the sodium "D" line; and FIG. 62b shows the energy level diagram of the transition in the Zeeman effect of the sodium "D" line.

[0318] FIG. 63 illustrates the splitting of the oxygen atom base term as a function of the magnetic field.

[0319] FIG. 64 illustrates the dependence of the Zeeman effect on the 3P state of silicon on the magnetic field strength.

[0320] FIG. 65a illustrates the standard Zeeman effect and FIG. 65b illustrates the irregular Zeeman effect.

[0321] FIG. 66 illustrates zinc³P ³The irregular Zeeman effect of S.

[0322] FIG. 67a illustrates four Zeeman split frequencies and FIG. 67b illustrates four new heterodyne frequencies.

[0323] FIGS. 68a and 68b illustrate typical Zeeman splitting spectra of two different transitions in a paramagnetic molecule.

[0324] FIG. 69 illustrates the hydrogen frequencies listed horizontally in the table; and the clamp frequencies listed vertically in the table.

Detailed ways

[0325] Generally, by using heat and increasing temperature, thermal energy is used to drive chemical reactions. Heating increases the kinetic energy of chemical reactants. Reactants with more kinetic energy move faster and farther, and are more likely to participate in chemical reactions. The same mechanical energy increases their kinetic energy and thus reactivity by stirring and moving chemicals. After the mechanical energy is added, the temperature is often increased by increasing the kinetic energy.

[0326] Sound energy can be applied to chemical reactions as regular mechanical waves. Due to its mechanical properties, sound energy can increase the kinetic energy of chemical reactants, so it can also increase temperature. Electromagnetic (EM) energy consists of electric and magnetic field waves. EM energy can also increase the kinetic energy and heat in the reaction system. It can give energy to the electronic orbital or vibrational motion in some reactions.

[0327] Both sound energy and electromagnetic energy are composed of waves. It can calculate the wave number within a certain period of time. Waves are often depicted in Figure la. Usually, time is on the horizontal X-axis. The vertical Y-axis represents wave intensity. This is also called amplitude. Weak waves belong to weak intensity and have low

The amplitude (see Figure 2a). Strong waves have high amplitude (see Figure 2b). Usually calculate the number of waves per second to get the frequency.

[0328] Frequency=wave number/time=week/second=Hz

[0329] Another name for "weeks per second" is "Hertz" (abbreviated "Hz"). The frequency is drawn on the wave diagram by displaying different wave numbers at a certain time (see Figure 3a, which shows that the waves have frequencies of 2 Hz and 3 Hz). It can also be drawn as the frequency itself instead of time on the X-axis (see Figure 3b, which shows the same 2Hz and 3Hz waves but different diagrams).

[0330] Energy waves and frequencies have some interesting properties and can interact in some interesting ways. The way in which wave energy interacts depends largely on frequency. For example, when two energy waves interact, each has the same amplitude, but one has a frequency of 400 Hz and the other has a frequency of 100 Hz. These waves will superimpose their frequencies to produce a new frequency of 500 Hz (the "sum" frequency). These wave frequencies can also be subtracted to produce a frequency of 300 Hz (the "difference" frequency). All wave energy is usually added and subtracted in this way, and this addition and subtraction is called heterodyne. The common result of heterodyne is familiar to most people as harmonics (harmonics) in music.

[0331] The harmonics produced by heterodyne have a mathematical and musical basis. Consider, for example, the number of consecutive stages of heterodyne frequencies. As discussed above, start with 400Hz and 100Hz, the sum frequency is 500Hz and the difference frequency is 300Hz_oIf these frequencies are further heterodyne (addition and subtraction), new frequencies 800 (that is, 500+300) and 200 (that is, 500-300) are obtained. 800 and 200 further heterodyne results in 1000 and 600 Hz as shown in Figure 4.

[0332] Mathematical patterns began to appear. The sum column and the difference column contain the alternating series of the number doubled for each group of heterodyne. In the sum column, 400Hz&gt;800Hz and 1600Hz alternate with 500Hz&gt;1000Hz and 2000Hz. The same doubling phenomenon appears in the difference column. [0333] Frequency heterodyne is a natural process that occurs whenever waveform energy interaction occurs. Heterodyne causes an increase in the number of mathematically derived spectral patterns. The number spectrum is an integer multiple of the original frequency. These multiples are called harmonics. For example, 800 Hz and 1600 Hz are harmonics of 400 Hz. In musical terms, 800 Hz is an octave above 400 Hz, and 1600 Hz is two octaves higher. It is important to understand the mathematical heterodyne basis of harmonics, which appear in all waveform energy and therefore in the entire natural world.

[0334] Mathematical frequency is very important. The frequency heterodyne increases mathematically in the visible spectrum (see Figure 5). There is a name for these visible spectrum mathematics in Figure 5. These patterns are called fractals. Fractals are defined as mathematical functions that produce a series of self-similar spectral patterns or numbers. Irregular fractal patterns have aroused a lot of interest in history, because irregular fractal patterns can be found everywhere in nature. Irregular fragments are a spectrum type that can be found in vast coastlines all the way to microorganisms. Irregular fragments are found in organized insect behavior and fluid behavior. The visible spectrum pattern produced by the irregular fragmentation is very obvious and recognizable. The typical fractal pattern is shown in Figure 6.

[0335] Heterodyne is a mathematical function, which is defined by a mathematical equation, like an irregular fractal shape. Heterodyne also arises from similar number spectrum patterns, just like irregular fragments. If represented by a graph, the heterodyne series produces the same familiar visible shape and form, which is unique to irregular fragments. It is interesting to compare the heterodyne series in Figure 5 with the fractal series in Figure 6.

[0336] Heterodyne is an irregular fractal shape, and this conclusion is inevitable. Both heterodyne and irregular fragments are mathematical functions, which produce a series of self-similar spectral patterns or numbers. The wave energy interacts in the form of heterodyne spectra. Therefore, all wave energies interact with each other like an irregular fragment pattern. Once you understand that the basic process of interaction energy is the irregular fragmentation process itself, it becomes easier to understand why so many organisms and systems in nature also display irregular fragmentation patterns. The natural irregular fragmentation process and spectrum pattern are established on the basic level.

[0337] Therefore, since energy interacts through heterodyne, matter should also be able to interact through heterodyne processes. So

No matter how large or small, there are forms of matter, they all have something called natural frequency. The natural frequency ("N0F") of an object is the preferred vibration frequency once the object is in motion. The NOF of an object involves many factors including size, shape, dimension, and composition. The smaller the object, the smaller the distance that its back and forth vibration must cover. The smaller the distance, the faster the vibration energy and the higher its NOF.

[0338] For example, imagine a wire made of metal atoms. The wire has a natural frequency of vibration. A single metal atom also has a unique natural frequency of vibration. The NOF of the atom and the NOF of the metal wire are added and subtracted by heterodyne, just like the way of energy heterodyne.

[0339] NOF atom + NOF wire = sum frequency atom + wire

[0340] and

[0341] NOF atom-NOF wire=differential frequency atom-wire

[0342] If the metal wire is excited by the difference frequency atom-gold wire, the difference frequency will be heterodyne (plus) with the NOF gold wire to produce NOF atoms (the natural frequency of the atom) and the atoms will absorb energy, which will be excited to a higher level. High energy level. Cirac and Zoeller reported this phenomenon in 1995 and used a laser to generate a difference frequency.

[0343] Difference frequency atom-wire + NOF wire = NOF atom

[0344] Matter heterodyne from matter in a manner similar to that of wave energy heterodyne with other wave energies. This means that multiple states of matter can also interact in an irregularly fragmented process. The interaction of this kind of matter through the irregular fragmentation process helps explain why there are so many animals and systems in nature that display the irregular fragmentation process and spectrum pattern.The matter and energy interact in accordance with the mathematical equation of heterodyne to produce harmonics. Wave and fractal pattern. This is why there are irregular fragments everywhere around us.

[0345] Therefore, energy is heterodyne with energy, and matter is heterodyne with matter. However, perhaps more important is that matter can heterodyne with energy (and vice versa). Among the metal wires discussed above, the difference-frequency atom-golden wire in the Cirac and Zoeller experiments is provided by a laser, which uses electromagnetic wave energy at a frequency equal to the difference-frequency atom-golden wire. The substance in the wire produces the frequency of a single substance atom through the heterodyne of the natural vibration frequency and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave energy of the laser. This shows that energy and matter are indeed heterodyne.

[0346] Generally speaking, when energy encounters matter, one of three possibilities occurs. Energy either bounces off matter (ie energy reflection), passes through matter (ie energy transfer), or interacts and/or combines with matter (such as being absorbed or heterodyne with matter). If energy is heterodyne with matter, the new frequency of energy and/or matter will be generated by mathematical methods of addition and subtraction. If the generated frequency matches the NOF of the substance, the energy will be at least partially absorbed, and the substance will be excited, for example, to a higher energy level (that is, it has more energy). The key factor in determining which of these three possibilities will occur is the comparison of the energy frequency with the material frequency. If the frequencies do not match, the energy will be reflected or passed through as transmitted energy. If it can be directly matched with the frequency of the matter (such as close to each other, as discussed in more detail below in the present invention) or indirectly matched (such as heterodyne), then the energy can interact and/or combine with the matter.

[0347] Another term often used to describe frequency matching is resonance. In the present invention, the term resonance is used generally to indicate the frequency matching of matter and/or energy. For example, if the energy frequency matches the material frequency, the energy and the material resonate and the energy can be combined with the material. Resonance or frequency matching is only one aspect of heterodyne, which allows coherent transfer of energy and combination with matter.

[0348] In the above example using metal wires and atoms, by exciting the atoms with a laser frequency that exactly matches the atomic NOF, resonance may have been generated with the atoms. In this case, the atom will be given energy by its own resonance frequency, and the energy will be transferred directly to the atom. Or, as done in actual wire/laser tests, by using different

The naturally occurring heterodyne between frequencies may also create resonance with atoms. Therefore, the resonance frequency of the atom (NOF atom) as an additive (or subtractive) heterodyne frequency can be generated indirectly between the resonance frequency of the metal wire (NOF zinc wire) and the application frequency of the laser. Resonance is generated by heterodyne frequency matching direct resonance or indirect resonance, and thus allows the combination of matter and energy. When the frequency is matched, energy is transferred.

[0349] Heterodyne produces indirect resonance. Heterodyne also produces harmonics (that is, the frequency is an integer multiple of the resonance (NOF) frequency). For example, the note "A" is about 440 Hz. If the frequency is doubled to about 880 Hz, the note "A" is heard as a higher octave. This first octave is called the first harmonic. Double the note or frequency again, from 880 Hz to 1760 Hz (that is, four times the original note frequency), which results in another "A", a scale of two octaves on the original note. This is called the third harmonic. Every time the frequency is doubled, another octave is obtained, which is an even integer multiple of the resonance frequency.

[0350] Located between the first and third harmonics is the second harmonic, which is three times the original note. Musically, this is not an octave like the first and third harmonics. It is an octave and is the fifth note, which is equal to the second "E" on the original "A". All odd integer multiples are fifth notes, not octaves. Because the harmonics are simple integer multiples of the fundamental natural vibration frequency, the harmonics indirectly excite the NOF or resonance frequency. So by playing the high note "A" on the piano at 880Hz, the middle "A" string at 440Hz should also start to vibrate due to harmonic phenomena.

[0351] The reaction of matter and energy in a chemical reaction to harmonics of the resonance frequency is like the reaction of a musical instrument. Therefore, by using one or more of its harmonic frequencies, atomic resonance frequencies (NOF atoms) can be excited indirectly. This is because the harmonic frequency is heterodyne with the resonance frequency of the atom itself (NOF atom). For example, in the above wire/atom embodiment, if the laser is tuned to SOOTHz and the atom resonates at 400THz, then the heterodyne two frequencies result in:

[0352] 800THz-400THz=400THz

[0353] SOOT Hz (the first harmonic of the atom) heterodyne with the resonant frequency of the atom to produce the resonant frequency of the atom itself. Therefore, the first harmonic indirectly resonates with the atomic NOF and excites the atomic resonance frequency as the first-generation heterodyne.

[0354] Of course, the two frequencies will also heterodyne in other directions, resulting in:

[0355] 800THz+400THz=1200THz

[0356] The 1200THZ frequency is not the resonance frequency of atoms. Therefore, part of the laser energy will heterodyne to produce the resonance frequency of the atom. The other parts of the laser energy heterodyne into different frequencies, and do not excite the resonant frequencies of atoms by themselves. This is why, at the same specific intensity, the excitation of objects with harmonic frequencies of specific amplitude intensity is usually less than the excitation of self-resonance (NOF) frequencies.

[0357] Although it seems that half of the energy of the harmonics is wasted, this is not necessarily the case. Again referring to the atom vibrating at 400THZ as an example, exposing the atom to the electromagnetic energy vibrating at 800THz will cause the frequency to be added or subtracted as follows:

[0358] 800THz-400THz=400THz

[0359] and

[0360] 800THz+400THz=1200THz

[0361] For the 1200 Ί ζ heterodyne, which seems to have wasted about 50% of the energy, will be heterodyne with other frequencies such as 800 THz.

therefore,

[0362] 1200THz-800THz=400THz

[0363] 1200THz will also heterodyne with 400THz:

[0364] 1200THz-400THz=800THz,

[0365] So 800THz is generated, and 800THz will be heterodyne with 400THz:

[0366] 800THz-400THz=400THz,

<td>[0367]</td><td>Therefore, 400THzo is generated again. When considering the seemingly wasted energy heterodyne of other generations, the first harmonic frequency</td>

The energy transfer rate is much more than the 50% energy transfer previously suggested. When compared to direct resonance, there is not so much energy transfer through this method, but the energy transfer is sufficient to produce the desired effect (see Figure 14).

<td>[0368]</td><td>As stated earlier, Ostwald's catalyst and bond formation theory is based on the chemical kinetic theory at the turn of the century.</td>

However, it should now be understood that the chemical reaction is the interaction of matter, and the interaction of the matter with other matter through frequency resonance and heterodyne; and through similar resonance and heterodyne methods, energy can easily interact with matter. With the advent of spectrophotometers (discussed in more detail in other chapters of this invention), matter has apparently produced, for example, electromagnetic energy at the same or substantially the same frequency as its vibration frequency. As long as their frequencies match, energy and matter can move around and combine with other energies or matter. This is because the frequency matches and energy transfers. In many ways, in philosophy and mathematics, matter and energy can basically be interpreted as corresponding to frequency. Therefore, since chemical reactions are recombination of substances driven by energy, chemical reactions are also driven by frequency in effect.

<td>[0369]</td><td>The analysis of typical chemical reactions should help to understand the general method disclosed in the present invention. The representative response of the study is forceps</td>

(Pt) Catalyzes hydrogen and oxygen to form water. It has been known that clamps are good hydrogen catalysts for a long time, although the reasons for this have not been understood in detail.

[0370]

<td>[0371]</td><td>PtH2+I/2O2 fffh₂o This reaction is assumed to be a chain reaction, which depends on the generation and stability of hydrogen and doubt-based intermediates. Hypothetical reaction chain</td>

Yes:

<td>[0372]</td><td>-&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Ηΐ Jt H + O2 + H2T Jτ H₂O + OH'ΐ if OH^- +H₂ΐ J&lt;-&lt;- &lt;-&lt;- H+ H2O</td>

<td>[0373]</td><td>The generation of hydrogen and doubt-based intermediates is considered to be the key to this reaction chain. Under normal circumstances, hydrogen and oxygen can mix</td>

Together for infinite time without forming water. Whenever hydrogen molecules separate occasionally, hydrogen atoms will not have enough energy to bond with oxygen molecules to form water. Hydrogen atoms are short-lived because they simply recombine to form hydrogen molecules. How to specifically urge the pliers

The transformation of this reaction chain is still a mystery to the prior art.

[0374] The present invention points out that the important step of catalyzing the reaction is the understanding provided now, that is, the key is not only to generate intermediates, but also to make the intermediates have energy and/or stability (that is, to maintain the intermediates for a long time), so that the intermediates There is enough energy to react with other components in the reaction system, for example. In the case of tongs, the intermediate reacts with the reactant to form a product and more intermediates (that is, by generating a hydrogen intermediate, imparting energy to the hydrogen intermediate, and stabilizing the hydrogen intermediate, it has enough energy to interact with the molecular oxygen reactant Reaction to form water and the Q-based intermediate, instead of returning to the hydrogen molecule) ο In addition, by imparting energy to and stabilizing the base-consuming intermediate, the Q-based intermediate can react with more hydrogen molecules of the reactant, thereby water And more intermediates are produced from this chain reaction again. Therefore, the generation of intermediates, the energy and stability of the intermediates affect the reaction pathway. The same characteristics in this regard would be ideal (for example, the characteristics can be made similar by increasing the energy level of the intermediate). Specifically, the ideal intermediate can be endowed with energy and stability by using at least one suitable electromagnetic frequency resonance with the intermediate, thereby exciting the intermediate to a higher energy level. Interestingly, this is exactly what the clamp does (for example, the various clamp frequencies resonate with intermediates in the reaction pathway to form water). In addition, in the process of obtaining energy and stability of the reaction intermediates, the clamp promotes the formation of more intermediates, which allows the reaction chain to continue, thereby catalyzing the reaction.

[0375] As a catalyst, clamps use many ways of inter-frequency interaction. Specifically, the frequencies interact and resonate with each other: 1) by directly matching the frequency; or 2) indirectly matching the frequency by harmonics or heterodyne. In other words, the clamp vibrates at certain frequencies, these frequencies not only directly match the natural vibration frequency of the intermediate, but also indirectly match its frequency, such as by heterodyne harmonics with the intermediate.

Further, in addition to the specific reaction intermediates discussed above in the present invention, it should be understood that in this reaction, like all reactions, there are also various transients or transients. In some cases, the transients or transients may only include different bond angles between similar chemical species, or in other cases, the transients may completely include different chemistries. In any case, it should be understood that many transients exist between any particular combination of reactants and reaction products.

[0377] It should now be understood that physical catalysts function by generating transients and intermediates in all ways, so that they can be energized and/or stabilized. In this regard, Figure 8a represents a single reactant and a single product. The point "Α" corresponds to the reactant, and the point "B" corresponds to the reaction product. The point "C" corresponds to the activated complex. Transients correspond to all those points on the curve between reactant "A" and product "B", and can also include activated complex "C".

[0378] In a more complex reaction, which involves the formation of at least one intermediate, the reaction scheme looks slightly different. In this regard, referring to Figure 8b, which represents the reactant "A", the product "B", the activated complexes "C, and C"", and the intermediate "D". In this particular example, the intermediate "D" is present in the lowest amount in the energy reaction scheme of the reaction, while it is activated by the complex C, and. Surrounded by. However, again in this particular reaction, the transient corresponds to anything between the reactant "A" and the reaction product "B", which in this particular example includes two activated complexes "C, And C "" and intermediate "D". In the specific embodiment where hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, the reaction scheme is closer to that shown in Figure 8c. In this particular reaction diagram, "and "D" can generally correspond to the intermediates of hydrogen atoms and suspect-based molecules.

[0379] Now, with specific reference to the reaction to form water, the two intermediates are a good example of how the clamp can generate resonance in the intermediates by directly matching frequencies. The suspect base intermediate vibrates strongly at frequencies of 975THz and 1060THZ. The clamp also vibrated at 975THz and 1060THZ. By directly matching the frequency of the suspect-based intermediates, the clamp can trigger the resonance of the suspect-based intermediates, enabling them to be energized, excited, and/or stabilized for long enough to participate in chemical reactions. Similarly, the clamp also directly matches the frequency of the hydrogen intermediate. The clamp resonates with about 10 frequencies out of about 24 hydrogen frequencies in the electronic spectrum (see Figure 69). Specifically, Figure 69 shows the hydrogen frequencies listed horizontally in the table and the clamp frequencies listed vertically in the table. Therefore, by directly resonating with the intermediate in the above-mentioned reaction, it is conducive to the formation of the intermediate, being endowed with energy, excitation and/or stabilization, thereby promoting

The reaction required for chemistry.

[0380] The interaction of clamps with hydrogen is also a good example of frequency matching through heterodyne. The present invention is disclosed and clearly shown in Figure 69 that many clamp frequencies indirectly resonate with hydrogen atom intermediates (such as harmonic heterodyne) with harmonics. Specifically, the 56 frequencies of the clamp (that is, 33% of all frequencies) are harmonics of 19 hydrogen frequencies (that is, 80% of its 24 frequencies). The 14 clamp frequencies are the first harmonic (2X) of the 7 hydrogen frequencies. And the 12 clamp frequencies are the third harmonic (4X) of the 4 hydrogen frequencies. Therefore, the existence of the clamp leads to a large number of indirect resonances and significant direct resonances in hydrogen atoms.

[0381] Further focusing on a single hydrogen frequency has more information. When the same information used to make the energy level diagram is plotted against actual frequency and intensity, the hydrogen diagrams shown in Figures 9-10 appear to be different. Specifically, the X-axis represents the frequencies emitted and absorbed by hydrogen, and the Y-axis represents the relative intensity of each frequency. The frequency is measured in megahertz (ΤΗζ, 10¹²Ηζ) is shown and rounded to the nearest integer THz. The intensity is shown on a relative scale of 1-1000. The highest intensity frequency produced by hydrogen atoms is 2466THzo, which is the apex of curve I in Figure 9a up to the far right. This curve will be referred to as the first curve. Curve I sweeps down to the right, from 2466THZ at a relative intensity of 1000 to 3237ΊΉζ at a relative intensity of only about 15.

[0382] The second curve in FIG. 9a, curve II starts at 456 THz at a relative intensity of about 300, and sweeps down to the right. It ends at a relative intensity of 5 and a frequency of 781THz. Each hydrogen curve has this same downward scan to the right. Moving from the right to the left in Figure 9, the curves are numbered from I to V; the frequency is from high to low and the intensity is from high to low.

[0383] The hydrogen frequency diagram shown in FIG. 10 seems to be simpler than the energy level diagram. So it is simpler to imagine how the frequencies are organized into the different curves shown in Figure 9. In fact, there is a curve for each series described by Rydberg. The curve "I" contains the frequency in the Lyman line system, which comes from what quantum mechanics calls the first energy level. From the second curve on the right, the curve "II" is equivalent to the second energy level, and so on.

[0384] The curve in the hydrogen frequency diagram of FIG. 9 includes a sum frequency and a difference frequency (that is, they are heterodyned). For example, the leftmost minimum curve marked with curve "V" has two frequencies, namely 40ΊΉζ and 64THz, and the relative intensities are 6 and 4 respectively (see also Figure 10). The next curve IV starts at 74ΤΗζ and continues to expand to 114ΤΗζ And ended at 138 THz. The heterodyne calculation of the sum is like this:

[0385] 40+74 = 114

[0386] 64+74+138

[0387] The frequency in curve IV is the sum of the frequency in curve V plus the frequency of the peak intensity in curve IV.

[0388] Alternatively, subtracting the frequency in curve IV from the frequency in curve V produces the peak value of curve IV:

[0389] 114-40 = 74

[0390] 138-64 = 74

[0391] This is not a coincidence of a set of sums or differences in curves IV and V. Each curve of hydrogen is the result of adding each frequency in any curve. The frequency with the highest intensity is on the next curve.

[0392] These hydrogen frequencies are found in the atom itself and the electromagnetic energy radiated by it. The atomic frequency and its energy add and subtract regularly. This is heterodyne. Therefore, not only does matter and energy exchange each other heterodyne, but also matter heterogenerates its own internal energy.

[0393] In addition, the highest intensity frequency in each curve is the heterodyne of the heterodyne. For example, the highest frequency in the curve I of FIG. 9 is 2466 TΗζ, which is the third harmonic of 616 TΗζ;

[0394] 4X616THz = 2466ΤΗζ

[0395] Therefore, 2466ΤΗζ is the third harmonic of 616ΤΗζ (recall the heterodyne harmonic, the result is an even number of the starting frequency

Double, that is, the first harmonic is 2X the original frequency and the third harmonic is 4X the original frequency. 4 times the frequency is a natural result of heterodyne). Therefore, 2466THZ is the fourth-generation heterodyne, the third harmonic of 616THz.

[0396] At the apex of curve II in FIG. 9, the frequency corresponding to 456THZ is the third harmonic of 114THz in curve IV. The apex of curve III corresponds to a frequency of 160THz, which is the third harmonic of 40ΊΉζ in curve V. The apex of the curve shown in Figure 9 is not only the heterodyne between the curves, but also the harmonics of a single frequency, which is their own heterodyne. The entire hydrogen spectrum results are displayed as a set of chaotic heterodyne frequencies and harmonics.

[0397] In theory, this heterodyne effect can continue forever. For example, if 40 is the vertex of the curve, it means that the vertex is 4 times the smaller number, and it also indicates that the vertex of the front curve is 24 (64-40 = 24). It may be mathematically extrapolated backwards and downwards until lower and lower frequencies are derived. The vertices to the left of the subsequent curve are 24.2382, 15.732 and 10.786THz, and all vertices are generated from heterodyne. These frequencies are completely consistent with the Rydberg formula for energy levels 6, 7, and 8, respectively. The prior art has historically not paid much attention to these lower frequencies and their heterodyne effects.

[0398] The present invention teaches that the heterodyne frequency curve amplifies the vibration and energy of hydrogen. The low-intensity frequency on curve IV or V has high intensity when it is heterodyned to curve I. In many respects, the hydrogen atom is just a large energy amplification system. Moving from low frequency to high frequency (that is, from curve V to curve I in Figure 9), the intensity increases significantly. By exciting hydrogen with an intensity of 1000 2466 THZ, the result will be an intensity of 1000 2466 THZ. However, if hydrogen is excited with an intensity of 1000 at 40 THz, and when it zooms back to curve I in Figure 9, the result will be an intensity of 2466 THZ of 167000. The result of this heterodyne effect has a direct relationship with the clamp, and also has a direct relationship with how the clamp interacts with hydrogen. All of these are related to hydrogen as an energy amplification system. That is why the lower frequency curve is considered to be the higher energy level. By understanding this process, low-intensity low frequencies suddenly and potentially become noticeable.

[0399] The clamp resonates with most, but not all, hydrogen frequencies, with one notable exception, that is, the highest intensity curve on the far right of the frequency diagram in Figure 9 (ie, curve 1) represents energy level 1, and starts at 2466THZ. The clamp does not seem to resonate significantly with the ground state transition of the hydrogen atom. However, it does resonate with multiple higher energy levels at lower frequencies.

[0400] With this information, an ongoing mystery can be solved. Since the laser was developed, chemists in the prior art believe that there must be some way to use lasers to catalyze reactions. The standard method involves the use of the single highest intensity frequency of the atom (such as 2466 THz for hydrogen), because it is clearly believed that the highest intensity frequency will result in the highest reactivity. This method is used because only the energy level diagram is considered. Therefore, prior art lasers are usually tuned to the ground state transition frequency. In the prior art, the use of lasers to catalyze chemical reactions has only achieved minimal success. Now understand why this method was unsuccessful. Clamp is a typical hydrogen catalyst, it does not resonate with the ground state transition of hydrogen. It resonates with higher energy level frequencies, and actually resonates with many higher energy level frequencies. Without wishing to be bound by any particular principle or explanation, this may be the reason why clamp is such a good hydrogen catalyst.

[0401] At the turn of the century, Einstein essentially calculated the statistics of the laser when the ground state energy level (EJ atoms resonate to the excitation energy level (EJ). The number of atoms in the ground state is called "N", and the The number of atoms in the excited state is called "%", and the total number of atoms is the total number of N. Because there are only two possible states occupied by atomic energy: total N=Ni+N₂

[0402] After all the mathematical calculations are performed, the relationship of evolution is:

[0403] ν₂ ν₂ 1

N total Νι+Ν2 2

[0404] In the two-level system, it is predicted that there will never be more than 50% of the atoms at the higher energy level at the same time.₂

on.

[0405] However, if the same group of atoms are given energy to three or more energy levels (ie, a multi-level system), it may appear that more than 50% of the atoms gain energy above the first energy level. By referring to the ground state and energy level as Eι, E2, E3, and the number of atoms as the total number of N, N, %, %, under certain conditions, the high energy level (the number of atoms of NJ may exceed the lower energy level ( %). When this phenomenon occurs, it is called "population inversion." A population inversion means that there are more atoms at a higher energy level than atoms at a lower energy level.

[0406] The population inversion in the laser is important. The population inversion results in the amplification of light energy. For example, in a two-stage system, one photon coming in will cause one photon to go out. But in systems with three or more energy levels and population inversions, one photon coming in can cause 5, 10, or 15 photons to go out (see Figure 11). The number of photons that go out depends on the number of stages and how each stage becomes energetic. All lasers are based on the simple concept of generating a population inversion in the group of atoms by creating a multi-level energy system in the atom. Laser is a simple device that amplifies electromagnetic wave energy (ie light). Laser is actually an abbreviation for amplifying system that emits radiation.

[0407] Returning to the interaction between the clamp and hydrogen discussed in the present invention, the clamp imparts energy to the 19 higher-level frequencies in hydrogen (ie, 80% of the total frequency of hydrogen). But only three frequencies need to be used for population inversion. Hydrogen is excited at 19. This is obviously a multi-level system. In addition, assume that 70 clamp frequencies are excited. On average, each participating hydrogen frequency is excited by 3 or 4 different clamp frequencies (70/19); including direct resonance frequency and/or indirect resonance harmonic frequency. The clamp provides a sufficient source of excitation, and the atom passes through the atom to produce a reversal of the number of hydrogen particles. Finally, considering the fact that each excited hydrogen atom emits some electromagnetic energy, on the contrary, the energy is the frequency that matches and excites the clamp.

[0408] Tweezers and hydrogen both resonate with each other in their respective multi-level systems. The clamp and hydrogen together form an atomic-level laser (ie, an energy amplification system at the atomic level). After doing so, the clamp and hydrogen amplify the energy required to stabilize the hydrogen and the intermediate intermediates, thus catalyzing the reaction pathway to form water. The clamp is such a good hydrogen catalyst because it forms a laser system with hydrogen at the atomic level, thereby amplifying their respective energies.

[0409] Further, the reaction is suggested to catalyze the reaction system and/or control the reaction pathway in the reaction system, only in the case of a single transient and/or intermediate that forms and/or imparts energy with a frequency (such as a spectral catalyst) The following reaction may occur; and suggesting that at least one transient and/or at least one intermediate required to follow the desired reaction pathway (such as a complex reaction or a simple reaction) is formed and/or stimulated, resulting in the formation or stimulation Only one frequency or combination of frequencies of transients and/or intermediates that meets this need can be all that is required. Thus, the present invention recognizes that in some reaction systems, by determining at least one required transient and/or intermediate, and by using at least one frequency, the frequency generates, imparts energy, and/or stabilizes the at least one Kinds of transients and/or intermediates, all other transients and/or intermediates required for the reaction to proceed along the desired reaction pathway can be self-generated. However, in some cases, the reaction rate can be increased by using a suitable frequency or spectral energy profile that directly stimulates all the transients and/or required for the reaction to proceed along the desired reaction pathway. Or intermediates. Therefore, according to the details of any reaction system, for various factors including equipment and environmental reaction conditions, etc., it is ideal to provide or apply a frequency or spectral energy pattern that leads to formation and/or excitation and/ Or stabilize any required transients and/ Or intermediates. Therefore, in order to determine the appropriate frequency or spectral energy profile, it is first necessary to determine which transients and/or intermediates exist in any reaction pathway.

[0410] Specifically, once all known required transients and/or intermediates have been determined, one can experimentally or empirically determine which transients and/or intermediates are necessary for the reaction pathway, Then determine which transients and or intermediates can be self-produced by the excitation and/or formation of different transients or intermediates. Once these determinations are made,

Then the appropriate spectral energy (such as electromagnetic frequency) can be applied to the reaction system to obtain the desired reaction product and/or the desired reaction pathway.

[0411] It is known that clamp atoms interact with hydrogen atoms and/or suspect intermediates. This is exactly what modern chemistry has taught in the last 100 years based on Ostwald's catalytic theory. However, the prior art teaches that the catalyst must participate in the reaction by combining with the reactant. In other words, the prior art teaches that the physical catalyst requires a substance-substance bonding interaction. As stated above, these reactions follow the following steps:

[0412] 1. The reactant diffuses to the catalyst site;

[0413] 2. The reactant is bonded to the catalyst site;

[0414] 3. Catalyst-reactant complex reaction;

4. The bond breaks at the catalytic site (product); and

[0416] 5. The product diffuses from the catalyst site.

[0417] However, according to the present invention, for example, energy: energy frequency and energy: matter frequency can interact. In addition, matter radiates energy, and its energy frequency is basically the same as that of matter. Therefore, the clamp vibrates at a frequency of 1060THZ, and also radiates electromagnetic energy at 1060THZ. Therefore, according to the present invention, the difference between the energy frequency and the material frequency does not seem to be important at first.

[0418] By allowing the intermediate to come into contact with additional substances that vibrate at substantially the same frequency, such as those of the clamp atoms (eg, clamps excite a reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water), resonance energy is generated in, for example, the reaction intermediate. Or, according to the present invention, by introducing electromagnetic energy corresponding to one or more clamp energies, resonance energy is generated in the intermediate body, and the clamp energy also vibrates at the same frequency, thereby at least partially mimicking (the additional mechanism of the clamp is the same as Reactant H in the pathway₂Molecular resonance) The mechanism of action of the clamp catalyst. As far as frequency is concerned, there is no difference in matter or energy. This is because energy transfers when frequency matches. Therefore, no physical catalyst is required. More suitably, it is sufficient to use at least a part of the physical catalyst pattern (that is, at least a part of the catalytic pattern). However, in another preferred embodiment, substantially all spectral patterns can be used.

[0419] Still further, by understanding the mechanism of action of the catalyst, a specific frequency can be used, for example, in one or more reactants in the reaction system, and for example, lead to a heterodyne between the application frequency and the existing frequency in the substance itself, thereby generating a frequency corresponding to one or Multiple clamp catalyst frequencies or other frequencies related to spectral frequencies. For example, both hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules have unique frequencies. The frequency of reduction can be determined by the heterodyne frequency:

[0420] NOF hydrogen atom-NOF hydrogen molecule = difference hydrogen atom-molecule

[0421] The one-molecule frequency of the difference hydrogen atom applied to the molecular reactant will be heterodyne with the molecule, and give energy to the single hydrogen atom as an intermediate. Similarly, any reaction participant can be used as a background for heterodyne to stimulate another participant. For example, [0422] difference hydrogen atom-oxygen molecule + NOF oxygen molecule = NOF hydrogen atom

[0423] or

[0424] Poison base-water + NOF water = NOF base

[0425] This method allows greater flexibility in selecting the appropriate equipment to use the appropriate frequency. However, the key to this method is to understand the mechanism and reaction pathway of the catalyst in order to select the appropriate frequency of use.

[0426] Specifically, whenever it is mentioned, for example, a spectral catalyst replicates at least a part of the spectral pattern of a physical catalyst, which refers to all the different frequencies generated by the physical catalyst, including but not necessarily limited to electrons, vibration, rotation, and NOF. frequency. In order to catalyze, control and/or orient chemical reactions, all that is needed is to replicate one or more frequencies from a physical catalyst, and, for example, suitable electromagnetic energy. In fact, the physical presence of the catalyst is not necessary. If needed, the spectroscopic catalyst can basically completely replace the physical catalyst.

[0427] Spectral catalysts can also enhance or promote the activity of physical catalysts. The energy exchange at a specific frequency between hydrogen, suspect radicals and clamps is the main driving force for conversion to water. These participants interact and create miniature, atomic-scale laser systems that amplify their respective energies. The same energy is added to the reaction system by using a physical catalyst to complete the same work. Spectral catalysts amplify their energy by resonating with the participants, and when the frequency is matched, the energy is transferred, and the chemical (substance) can absorb the energy. Therefore, the spectral catalyst can enhance the physical catalyst and replace it. In doing so, the spectroscopy catalyst can increase the reaction rate, improve specificity, and/or enable the use of fewer physical catalysts.

[0428] FIG. 12 shows a basic bell-shaped curve, which is generated by comparing how much energy the object absorbs with the energy frequency. This curve is called a resonance curve. As stated in other chapters of this invention, for example, the energy transfer between atoms or molecules occurs at the resonance frequency (f₀) Reached the highest point. The application frequency is from the resonance frequency f. The farther, the less energy transfer (such as matter to matter, energy to matter, etc.). At a certain point the energy transfer will fall at only the resonance frequency f₀The energy is about 50% of the value. The frequency higher than the resonance frequency, where the energy transfer is only about 50%, is called "f2". The frequency lower than the resonance frequency, where about 50% energy transfer occurs, is marked as "".

[0429] Using information from the simple exemplary resonance curve shown in FIG. 12, it is possible to compare the resonance characteristics of different objects. One such useful feature is called the "resonance quality" or "Q" factor. To determine the resonance mass of an object, use the following equation: fo

[0430] Q =-----(2-fl)

[0431] Thus, as shown by the equation, if the bell-shaped resonance curve is both high and narrow, then (f2-fj will be a small number, and the resonance quality Q will be high (see Figure 13a). High "Q" An example of a substance is a high-quality quartz crystal resonator. If the resonance curve is low and wide, the dispersion or difference between f2 and f2 will be relatively large. An example of a low "Q" substance is the hollyhock. The resonance frequency is divided by this large The number will produce a lower Q value (see Figure 13b).

[0432] For example, atoms and molecules have resonance curves, which exhibit properties similar to larger objects such as quartz crystals and hollyhock. If the goal is to excite the atoms in the reaction (for example, generating hydrogen in the water reaction as mentioned above), a precise resonance frequency can be used, which is generated by the components of the reaction system or the environmental reaction conditions (such as hydrogen). However, it is not necessary to use precise frequencies. It is sufficient to use a frequency close to the resonance frequency of, for example, one or more reaction system components or environmental reaction conditions. There will not be as great an effect as using an accurate resonance frequency, because less energy will be transferred, but there will still be an effect. The closer the applied frequency is to the resonance frequency, the greater the effect. The farther the applied frequency is from the resonant frequency, the smaller the effect (that is, the less energy transfer that occurs).

[0433] Harmonics present a similar situation. As stated above, harmonics are created by frequency heterodyne (that is, addition and subtraction), causing a significant amount of energy to be transferred. Therefore, for example, if the application frequency (such as at least a part of the spectroscopic catalyst) is a harmonic of one or more resonance frequencies of one or more reaction system components or environmental reaction conditions (ie matching heterodyne), the desired result can be Obtained by chemical reaction.

[0434] Further, similar to the application frequency close to the resonance frequency, the application frequency close to the harmonic frequency can also produce ideal results. The amplitude of the energy transfer will be smaller relative to the harmonic frequency, but the effect will still appear. For example, if the harmonics generate 70% of the fundamental resonance frequency amplitude, and by using frequencies close to the harmonics, for example about 90% on the harmonic resonance curve, then the total effect will be 70% 90% of the direct resonance frequency. %, or about 63% of the total energy transfer. Therefore, according to the present invention, when at least part of the frequencies of one or more reaction system components or environmental reaction conditions are at least partially matched, then at least some of the energy will be transferred, and at least some of the reactions will occur (that is, when the frequencies match, the energy Transfer).

[0435] Duplicate the mechanism of the catalyst

[0436] As stated above, to catalyze, control, and/or orient chemical reactions, spectroscopic catalysts can be used. The spectral catalyst may correspond to at least a part of the spectral pattern of the physical catalyst or the spectral catalyst may correspond to the frequency of the required participants (such as heterodyne frequency) for formation or excitation, or the spectral catalyst may substantially replicate environmental reaction conditions such as temperature or pressure. Therefore, as the present invention now teaches, the actual physical presence of the catalyst is not required in order to obtain the desired chemical reaction. The removal of physical catalysts is achieved by understanding the basic mechanism inherent in catalysis, that is, ideal energy exchange (ie transfer) can occur, for example, (1) at least one of the participants in the reaction system (such as reactants, transients, Intermediates, activated complexes, reaction products, co-catalysts and/or poisons) and/or at least one component, and (2) application of electromagnetic energy (such as spectroscopic catalysts) (when this energy is used in one or more specific Frequency exists). In other words, according to the teaching of the present invention, it is possible to copy the targeting mechanism that nature has established in the catalytic process. Nature can be further imitated because this catalyst method reveals several opportunities for replicating the mechanism of action of the catalyst, thus improving the use of spectral catalysts and the control of countless chemical reactions.

[0437] For example, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water discussed above, which uses clamps as a catalyst, is a good starting point for understanding the mechanism of action of the catalyst. For example, the present invention discloses that the clamp catalyzes the reaction in several unexpected ways in the prior art:

[0438] The clamp directly resonates with reaction intermediates and/or transients (such as atomic hydrogen and suspect radicals) and gives them energy;

[0439] The clamp harmonically resonates with at least one reaction intermediate and/or transients (such as atomic hydrogen) and gives them energy; and

[0440] The clamp imparts energy to multiple higher energy levels of at least one reaction intermediate and/or transient (such as atomic hydrogen).

[0441] This knowledge can be used to improve the functions of the spectral catalyst and/or the spectral energy catalyst in order to design the spectral catalyst and the spectral energy catalyst that are different from the actual catalytic spectrum, and to design the physical catalyst and optimize the environmental reaction conditions. For example, the frequency of the atomic tweezers is in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, the electronic spectra of all atoms are in these same regions. However, these very high electromagnetic frequencies are a problem for large-scale and industrial applications, because wave energy with high frequencies usually does not penetrate matter well (that is, does not penetrate deeply into matter). The tendency of wave energy to be absorbed rather than emitted is called attenuation. High-frequency wave energy has a high attenuation and therefore does not penetrate very deeply into a typical industrial-scale reaction vessel that contains typical reactants for chemical reactions. Therefore, copying and applying at least a portion of the clamp pattern to a commercial-scale reaction vessel will generally be a slow process, because most of the applied pattern of the spectroscopic catalyst can be rapidly absorbed near the edge of the reaction vessel.

[0442] Thus, in order to input energy into a large industrial-type commercial reaction vessel, lower frequency energy can be used, which will penetrate deeper into the reactants in the reaction vessel. The teaching of the present invention can be realized in a unique way by copying natural phenomena. As discussed in this invention, the spectra of atoms and molecules are roughly divided into three different groups: electrons, vibrations and rotations. The electronic spectra of atoms and small molecules are thought to result from the transition of electrons from one energy level to another, and have the highest corresponding frequencies, which usually appear in the ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) regions of the EM spectrum. Vibrational spectroscopy is believed to be mainly generated from the movement of bonds between atoms in a molecule, and it usually appears in the infrared and microwave regions. Rotational spectra mainly appear in the microwave and radio wave regions of the EM spectrum, which are mainly due to the rotation of molecules.

[0443] Microwave or radio wave radiation may be an acceptable frequency when used as a spectroscopic catalyst because it will penetrate well into large reaction vessels. Unfortunately, the clamp atoms do not generate frequencies in the microwave or radio wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum because they do not vibrate or rotate the spectrum. However, through the mechanism of the copy clamp, the selected clamp frequency can be used as a

Spectral catalyst model of the wave part. Specifically, as discussed above, one mechanism of action of clamp in a water-generating reaction system involves the imparting of energy to at least one reaction intermediate and/or transient. The reaction intermediates in this reaction are atomic hydrogen and suspect radicals. Atomic hydrogen has a high-frequency electronic spectrum without vibration or rotation spectrum. On the other hand, doubt radicals are molecules, and have vibration and rotation spectra as well as electronic spectra. As a result, the radicals emit, absorb, and heterodyne frequencies in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0444] Therefore, in order to copy the mechanism of action of the clamp in the water-forming reaction, that is, resonance with at least one reaction intermediate and/or transient, the suspect intermediate can be specifically targeted by resonance. However, instead of resonating with a suspected radical according to the electronic spectrum of a physical catalyst clamp, at least one of the suspected frequencies in the microwave portion of the EM spectrum can be used to resonate with the suspected radical. Suspicious radicals heterodyne at a microwave frequency of about 21.4 GHz. The reaction system of hydrogen and oxygen is given energy with a spectroscopic catalyst at about 21.4 GHz to catalyze the formation of water. In this case, the mechanism of the physical catalyst clamp has been partially copied, and the mechanism has shifted to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0445] The second method of the clamp-catalyzed reaction discussed above involves the use of harmonics to impart energy to at least one reaction intermediate in the reaction system. For example, suppose that one or more lasers can be used to catalyze the hydrogen-oxygen reaction to form water, but the frequency of these lasers only ranges from, for example, 1500 to 2000 THzo clamps no frequency in that part of the EM spectrum. In addition, the two fundamental frequencies that resonate with the clamp, 975 and 1060THZ, are outside the range of laser frequencies that can be generated in this example. Similarly, the hydrogen spectrum does not have any frequency between 1500 and 2000THZ (see Figure 9-10) ο

[0446] However, according to the present invention, by copying the action mechanism of the clamp again, it is possible to adjust or filter the frequency that is convenient and/or efficient for the available equipment. Specifically, harmonic frequencies can be used, which correspond to reaction intermediates and/or transients, and also correspond to frequencies that can be generated by the laser of this embodiment. For the suspect radical, it has a resonance frequency of 975 THz, and the first harmonic is 1950 THz. Therefore, the laser of this embodiment can be tuned to 1950 THz to resonate with the suspect intermediate. The first harmonics of three different hydrogen frequencies also belong to the operating range of the laser in this embodiment. The fundamental frequencies are 755, 770 and 781 ΤΗζ, and the first harmonics are respectively 1510, 1540 and 1562 ΤΗζ. Therefore, the laser of this embodiment can be tuned to the first harmonics 1510, 1540 and 1562 ΤΗζ to obtain the heterodyne matching of electromagnetic energy and frequency between substances, and Therefore, the transfer and absorption of the energy is obtained.

[0447] Therefore, depending on how many lasers are available and the frequency to which the laser can be tuned, the third or fourth harmonic can also be used. The third harmonic of the hydrogen frequency 456 THz appears at 1824 THz, which is also within the operating range of the laser in this embodiment. Similarly, the fourth harmonic of the hydrogen frequency 314 THz appears at 1570 THz, which again falls within the operating range of the laser in this embodiment. In short, by moving the relevant spectral catalyst frequency to a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that matches the equipment, the mechanism of the physical catalyst can be copied, replicated or imitated. The described equipment is available for the reaction system and the application of electromagnetic energy.

[0448] The third method discussed above for catalyzing the reaction involves imparting energy to at least one reaction intermediate and/or transient at a variety of higher energy levels, and involves, for example, setting up an atomic-level laser system. Furthermore, suppose that only the electromagnetic energy source is available for the same laser as discussed above, and that there are 10 lasers available in total. There are four first harmonics available for targeting in the operating range of 1500 to 2000 THz. Some parts of the laser should be adjusted to the four first harmonics, and some should be adjusted to the third, fourth, and higher harmonics. Specifically, the present invention has discovered that the mechanism of action adopted by the physical clamp is resonance with multiple higher energy levels of at least one reaction participant. Now I understand that the higher the level of participation, the better. This creates an atomic-level laser system that can amplify the electromagnetic energy being exchanged between the clamp atoms and hydrogen. This energy amplification catalyzes the reaction at a rate much faster than the reaction normally proceeds. This mechanism of action can also be used to catalyze reactions using, for example, the available lasers discussed above.

[0449] For example, instead of setting up all 10 lasers to four first harmonics, and not only imparting energy to four energy levels, it should now be understood that it would be ideal to impart as much energy as possible to different energy levels. In this task, each of the 10 lasers

Each setting can be achieved at different frequencies. Even if the physical catalyst clamp does not exist, giving multiple higher energy levels in hydrogen will amplify the energy being exchanged between atoms, and the reaction system will form its own laser system between hydrogen atoms. This will allow the reaction to proceed at a much faster rate than usual. Furthermore, natural energy can be imitated by duplicating one of its mechanism of action, which is achieved by using spectral catalysts to specifically target multiple energy levels to obtain energy transfer in a new way.

[0450] The above discussion of the mechanism of the replication catalyst is only to begin to understand the many variables associated with the use of spectroscopic catalysts. These additional variables should potentially be regarded as very useful tools that can be used to enhance the spectral energy and/or the performance of the physical catalyst. Generally, there are many factors and variables that affect catalyst performance and chemical reactions. For example, when the same catalyst is mixed with the same reactant, but exposed to different environmental reaction conditions such as temperature or pressure, different products can be produced. Consider the following example:

[0451]

300 °C

1. Cyclohexene »» »» »Benzene + 2H2

Pd catalyst&lt;300 °C

2. Cyclohexene »» »» »Benzene + 2 cyclohexane

Pd catalyst

[0452] The same catalyst and the same reactants produce very different products in these two reactions, namely molecular hydrogen or cyclohexane, depending on the reaction temperature.

[0453] Many factors are known in the art, and they affect the direction and intensity. The physical catalyst guides the reaction according to this direction and intensity, or the reaction generally proceeds according to this direction and intensity. Temperature is only one of these factors. Other factors include pressure, volume, surface area of the physical catalyst, solvent, carrier, pollutants, catalyst size and shape and composition, reactor vessel size, shape and composition, electric field, magnetic field, and sound field. The present invention teaches that these factors have one thing in common. These factors can change, for example, the spectrum of the participants and/or the components of the reaction system (ie, the frequency spectrum). Some spectral changes are well studied, so a lot of information can be used for its research and application. However, the prior art does not consider the spectrochemical basis of each of these factors, and how they involve the mechanism of action of the catalyst and general chemical reactions. Further, or alternatively, the effects of the aforementioned factors can be enhanced or weakened by using additional spectrum, spectrum energy, and/or physical catalyst frequency. In addition, these environmental reaction conditions in the reaction system can be at least partially excited by the use of one or more corresponding spectral environmental reaction conditions (such as the spectral energy profile, which replicates at least a part of one or more environmental reaction conditions). Or, as long as the goal of frequency matching is achieved, one spectral environmental response condition (such as the spectral energy pattern corresponding to temperature) can replace another (such as the spectral energy pattern corresponding to pressure).

[0454] Temperature

[0455] At very low temperatures, the atomic or molecular spectrum has clear peaks with curling edges (see Figure 15a). As the temperature increases, the peaks begin to broaden to form a bell-jar shaped curve spectral pattern (see Figure 15b). At higher temperatures, the bell-shaped curve becomes wider, including more and more frequencies on each side of the dominant frequency (see Figure 15c). This phenomenon is called "broadening".

[0456] These spectral curves are very similar to the resonance curves discussed in the previous section. Spectroscopists use the term resonance curve to describe the spectral frequency curves of atoms and molecules (see Figure 16). The frequency f above the curve. It is called the resonance frequency. There is a frequency (f₂) Is at the resonance frequency, and the other (fj is below it (that is, within the frequency), where the energy and intensity (that is, the amplitude)

It is 50% of the resonance frequency f°. f₂The amount of -fi is a measure of the width of the spectral frequency curve. f₂The amount of -fj is defined as "line width". A spectrum with a narrow curve has a small line width, while a spectrum with a wide curve has a large line width.

[0457] Temperature affects the line width of the spectral curve. The line width affects the performance, chemical reaction and/or reaction pathway of the catalyst. At low temperatures, the spectral curves of chemical species are independent and clear, and there is less possibility of resonance energy transfer between components of the potential reaction system (see Figure 17a). However, as the line widths of potentially reactive chemical species are broadened, their spectral curves begin to overlap with the spectral curves of other chemical species (see Figure 17b). When the frequency matches or the spectral energy spectrum patterns overlap, energy transfer occurs. In this way, when the temperature is low, the frequency cannot match the reaction is slow. At high temperature, energy resonance transfer occurs and the reaction proceeds quickly or along a reaction path different from that at low temperature.

[0458] In addition to affecting the line width of the spectral curve, temperature can also change, for example, the resonance frequency of the components of the reaction system. For some chemical species, the resonance frequency will shift with changes in temperature. This can be seen from the infrared absorption spectrum in Figure 18a and the blackbody radiation pattern shown in Figure 18b. In addition, when they are at the same temperature, the atoms and molecules cannot all shift their resonance frequencies by the same amount or direction, which also affects the performance of the catalyst. For example, if the resonant frequency shift of the catalyst is greater than the resonant frequency shift of the target chemical as the temperature increases, then the catalyst will end up matching the frequency of the chemical species, so resonance will occur where there was no resonance before (see Figure 18c). Specifically, Figure 18c shows the catalyst "C" at a low temperature and the catalyst "C*" at a high temperature. The catalyst "C*" and the reactant "A" resonate at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures.

[0459] The amplitude or intensity of the spectral lines can also be affected by temperature. For example, linear or symmetric rotating molecules increase in intensity when the temperature decreases, while other molecules increase in intensity as the temperature increases. Changes in the intensity of these spectra will also affect the performance of the catalyst. For example, the low-intensity spectral curve of the catalyst will resonate with one or more frequencies of a specific chemical target. Only a small amount of energy can be transferred from the catalyst to the target chemical (such as a suspect-based intermediate). As the temperature increases, the amplitude of the catalyst curve also increases. In this example, the catalyst can transfer more energy to the chemical target when the temperature rises.

[0460] If the chemical target is an intermediate chemical species in other reaction pathways, the type and proportion of the final product will be affected. By re-examining the above cyclohexene/harrow reaction at a temperature below 300°C, the products obtained are benzene and hydrogen. But when the temperature is higher than 300°C, the products are benzene and cyclohexane. The reaction temperature in the reaction system (including, for example, reactants, intermediates, and/or products) affects the target and/or other components to make alternative reaction pathways for cyclohexane formation more likely to occur above 300°C. For any component in the reaction system, this is the result of, for example, an increase in line width, a change in resonance frequency, or a change in spectral line intensity.

[0461] It is very important to consider not only the spectral catalyst frequencies desired to be used in the catalytic reaction, but also the reaction conditions under which those frequencies work. For example, when the rake/cyclohexene reacts at low temperature, the rake can form hydrogen molecules (H₂) To match the frequency of the intermediate. The reactants and transients are not affected above 300°C, but the target may increase the line width, change the resonance frequency and/or increase the strength. On the contrary, when cyclohexane is formed, changes in line width, resonance frequency and/or intensity will cause the target to match the frequency of the intermediate and transfer energy to the intermediate. If a spectral catalyst is used to help form cyclohexane at room temperature, then the frequency of the cyclohexane intermediate will be more effective than the frequency of the spectral catalyst used at room temperature.

[0462] Therefore, it is very important to understand the kinetics of the reaction system in the design and selection of a suitable spectroscopic catalyst. The energy transfer of different reaction system components can vary depending on the temperature. Once understood, it will allow the temperature to be deliberately adjusted to optimize the reaction, reaction products, interactions, and/or to form reaction products at an ideal reaction rate, without having to use trial and error methods in the prior art. In addition, it allows the selection of catalysts such as physical catalysts, spectral catalysts and/or spectral energy spectroscopy patterns to optimize the required reaction pathways. Understanding the effect of temperature on the spectrum can make it usually at high temperatures (and, sometimes dangerous

The chemical process carried out under high) is carried out in a safe, room temperature. It can also enable the designed physical catalyst to be used in a wider temperature range (such as cold polar temperature or hot furnace temperature).

[0463] Pressure

[0464] Pressure and temperature are directly related to each other. Specifically, from the ideal gas law we know that PV = nRT

[0465] where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. Therefore, an increase in temperature during equilibrium will result in a corresponding increase in pressure. Pressure also affects the spectral pattern. Specifically, the increase in pressure will cause the broadening and change of the spectral curve, just as when the temperature increases (see Figure 9 which shows the effect of pressure on the broadening of the N&amp;3.3 absorption line).

[0466] The mathematical treatment of pressure broadening is usually attributed to collision or statistical theory. In collision theory, it is assumed that atoms or molecules are so far away from other atoms or molecules that their energy fields do not interact with each other most of the time. But sometimes atoms or molecules are so close that they collide. In this case, the atoms or molecules can change in wave-phase (spectral) function, or can change to different energy levels. Collision theory only deals with the phenomenon of matter radiating energy that occurs when atoms or molecules are far away from other atoms or molecules, and does not involve collisions. Because collision theory ignores the spectral frequency at the time of collision, collision theory cannot accurately predict chemical behavior at pressures higher than several atmospheres when collisions occur frequently.

[0467] However, statistical theory considers the spectral frequencies before, during and after the collision. It is based on calculating the probability of different atoms and/molecules interacting or interfering with other atoms or molecules. The disadvantage of the statistical processing of pressure effects is that the effects of molecular motion are not well considered in the statistical processing. In any case, collision theory and statistical theory cannot adequately predict the numerous frequency interactions and heterodyne effects that occur when pressure increases. Test work has shown that pressure increase has similar effects as temperature increase, such as the following effects:

[0468] 1) The broadening of the spectral curve increases the line width, and

[0469] 2) Shift of resonance frequency (f°).

[0470] The pressure effect is different from the temperature effect in: (1) Unlike the temperature change, the pressure change usually does not affect the strength, (see Figure 20, which shows a set of three different pressures that indicate that the strength does not change. Theoretical curve); and The curve produced by pressure broadening is usually less symmetrical than the curve influenced by temperature. Consider the shape of the three theoretical curves shown in Figure 20. As the pressure increases, the curve becomes less symmetrical. A tailing peak that extends to higher frequencies is formed. This higher frequency extension is confirmed by the experimental work in Figure 21. Specifically, Figure 21a shows the absorption spectrum of water vapor in the air (10g per cubic meter.); and Figure 21b shows NH at one atmosphere₃Absorption.

[0471] The influence of pressure broadening on the spectral curve can be broadly divided into two types of Hong Zhen or "Holtsmark" and "Lorentz" broadening. Holtsmark broadening is subject to collisions between atoms of the same element, so collisions are considered symmetrical. Lorenz broadening is caused by the collision of different atoms or molecules. The collision is asymmetrical, with a resonant frequency f. Usually shift to a lower frequency. The displacement of the resonance frequency is shown in FIG. 20. The spectral curve and frequency changes accompanying pressure changes affect both physical and spectral catalysts, as well as chemical reactions and/or reaction pathways. At low pressure, the spectral curve tends to be quite narrow and curled, almost symmetrical with respect to the resonance frequency. However, as the pressure increases, the curve widens, shifts and forms a high-frequency tail peak.

[0472] At low pressure, the spectral frequency in the reaction system can be so different for different atoms or molecules that there is little or no resonance effect, and therefore little or no energy transfer. However, the combination of broadening, displacement, and extension into high frequencies at high pressure can produce overlap between spectral curves, resulting in resonance where there was no resonance before, and therefore energy transfer. The reaction system can follow one reaction path or another in accordance with the change of the spectral curve produced by different pressure changes. One reaction pathway may resonate and proceed under moderate pressure, while another reaction pathway may resonate under high pressure

And dominate. As in the case of temperature, it is very important to consider the frequency of the reaction system and the mechanism of action of different catalysts under the environmental reaction conditions that you wish to replicate. Specifically, for example, for effective energy transfer between the spectroscopic catalyst and at least one reactant in the reaction system, at least some frequencies must overlap.

[0473] For example, reactions with a physical catalyst at 400 THZ and key transients at 500 THz can proceed slowly under atmospheric pressure. When the pressure is increased to about 5 atmospheres, the catalyst broadens beyond, for example, 500 THz of the transient. This enables energy transfer between the catalyst and the transient, for example, by imparting energy to and exciting the transient. Then the reaction proceeded very fast. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory or explanation, it seems that the relationship between the reaction speed and the number of collisions (according to the teaching of the prior art) is far more distant than its relationship with the spectral patterns of the components of the reaction system. In the above example, a frequency of 500THZ is applied to directly excite key transients to provide energy to the reaction at low pressure. It can also be accompanied by indirect use of various heterodyne effects (such as @1000ΤΗζ harmonic or 100ΤΗζ non-tuned heterodyne between the catalyst and the transient (500ΤΗζ-400ΤΗζ = 100ΤΗζ)).

[0474] As shown herein, the energy transfer between different reaction system components can vary depending on the pressure. Once understood, it will allow deliberate adjustment of the pressure to optimize the response without having to adopt the trial-and-error methods in the prior art. In addition, it allows the selection of catalysts such as physical catalysts, spectral catalysts and/or spectral energy spectral patterns to optimize one or more required reaction pathways. Understanding the effect of pressure on the spectrum allows the usual high-pressure (and therefore usually highly dangerous) chemical processes to be carried out at a safer room temperature. It can also enable the designed physical catalyst to be used in a wider acceptable pressure range (such as low pressure close to vacuum to several atmospheres).

[0475] Surface Area

[0476] The surface area of the catalyst is generally considered important because the available surface area controls the number of bond sites available. It is presumed that the more exposed bonding sites, the stronger the catalytic ability. According to the spectroscopic mechanism disclosed in the present invention, the importance of surface area may come from another reason.

[0477] Many of the spectral catalyst frequencies corresponding to physical catalysts are the electronic frequencies of the spectrum in the visible and ultraviolet regions. These high frequency penetration performance is relatively poor, such as penetration into a large reaction vessel containing one or more reactants. Therefore, the high-frequency spectral radiation from a catalyst such as a clamp or a target (or equivalent spectral catalyst) will not travel far into such a reaction system before the spectral radiation (or spectral catalyst) is absorbed. Therefore, for example, atoms or molecules must be quite close to the physical catalyst in order for their respective electronic frequency and energy to interact.

[0478] Therefore, the surface area mainly affects the probability that a specific chemical species only interacts with its electromagnetic spectrum radiation when it is close enough to the physical catalyst. When the surface area is small, few atoms or molecules are close enough to interact. But as the area increases, the probability that more atoms or molecules will be in the range increases. Therefore, it is not so much the increase in the number of bonds available, as the larger surface area may increase the volume of the reaction system exposed to the spectral catalyst frequency or spectral pattern. It is similar to the concept of assuming that sufficient spectroscopic catalyst penetrates into the reaction system (for example, assuming that there are enough opportunities for species to interact).

[0479] Understanding the effect of surface area on the catalyst and reaction system components can consciously adjust the surface area and other reaction system components to optimize the reaction, reaction pathways and/or reaction products to be formed at an ideal reaction rate without the disadvantages of the prior art . For example, the surface area can usually be optimized by making catalyst particles as small as possible to maximize the total surface area. Small particles have, for example, a tendency to sinter (combine or bond together), which can reduce the total surface area and catalyst activity. The regeneration of large surface area catalysts is an expensive and time-consuming process. The above process can be avoided by understanding the present invention in the field of spectrochemistry. For example, suppose that a 3m? catalyst bed catalyzes the reaction to proceed quickly (in which energy is transferred from the catalyst to the main reactants and products). But after sintering occurs, the surface area is reduced to ImS, so the energy from the catalyst

The transfer is also drastically reduced, making the reaction slower. The costly and time-consuming process of regenerating the surface area can be avoided (at least postponed) by increasing the spectral pattern with one or more desired spectral energy. In addition, the sintering process itself can be reduced or eliminated because the spectral energy spectrum type affects the final physical form or phase and chemical formula of the material.

[0480] Catalyst size and shape

[0481] For related reasons, the size and shape of the catalyst are generally considered to affect the activity of the physical catalyst. Reaction selectivity controlled by particle size has been used in the past to determine catalytic pathways. As with the surface area, a specific particle size is believed to provide the maximum number of activated bonding sites and thus maximize the reaction rate. The relationship between size and surface area has been discussed earlier.

[0482] According to the current understanding of the spectroscopic mechanism that is generally based on physical catalyst activity and reaction, there are other reasons for the importance of the size and shape of the catalyst. One of them is a phenomenon called "self-absorption". When an atom or molecule produces its classical spectral pattern, its radiated electromagnetic energy can travel outward from the atom or molecule into the adjacent space. Figure 22a shows radiation from a single atom, and Figure 22b shows radiation from a group of atoms. When more and more atoms or molecules gather together, the radiation from the center of the group is absorbed by its neighbors and it is impossible to make it go out into space. According to the size and shape of the atomic group, self-absorption can cause some changes in the spectral emission spectrum (see Figure 23). Specifically, Figure 23a shows the normal spectrum curve produced by a single atom; Figure 23b shows the resonance frequency shift due to self-absorption; Figure 23c shows the self-erosion spectrum pattern produced by self-absorption of a group of atoms, and figure 23d shows the self-erosion spectrum pattern produced by self-absorption of a group of atoms. These changes include shifts in resonance frequency and self-erosion spectrum.

[0483] The change in the spectral curve and frequency accompanying the change in the size and shape of the catalyst can affect the catalyst, chemical reaction, and/or reaction pathway. For example, the atoms or molecules of physical catalysts can generate spectral frequencies in the reaction system that resonate with key transients and/or reaction products. For larger radicals such as in sintered catalysts, the combination of resonance frequency shift and self-erosion can eliminate the overlap between the spectral curves of chemical species, thus minimizing or destroying the resonance conditions.

[0484] According to the changes in the spectral curve produced by the particle size, the reaction system can proceed along one or the other path. For example, a catalyst with a medium particle size proceeds along the first reaction path, while a catalyst with a larger particle size directs the reaction to proceed along the other reaction path.

[0485] The changes in the spectral curve and frequency that accompany the changes in the size and shape of the catalyst are related to specific applications. Industrial catalysts can be manufactured in a certain range of sizes and shapes according to the design requirements of the process and reactor type used. The catalytic activity is usually proportional to the surface area of the catalyst bed in the reactor. As the size of the catalyst particles decreases, the surface area increases. It seems that the smaller the catalyst particles, the better the effect for industrial applications. But this is not always the case. When using a bed with very fine catalyst particles, high pressure is required to force the reacting chemicals to pass or pass through the catalyst bed. Chemicals enter the catalyst bed under high pressure and leave the bed under low pressure (such as on the other side). This large pressure difference between entry and exit is called "pressure drop". It is often necessary to coordinate the catalyst size, catalyst activity, and pressure drop across the catalyst bed.

[0486] The use of the spectroscopic catalyst of the present invention allows a more detailed comprehensive consideration. For example, a large catalyst size can be used to minimize the pressure drop across the catalyst bed. At the same time, by enhancing the physical catalyst with at least a part of one or more spectral catalysts, for example, a high level of catalyst activity obtained with a smaller catalyst size can still be obtained.

[0487] For example, it is assumed that the catalyst activity of the average particle size of 10 mrn is 50% of the catalyst activity of the average particle size of 5 mm. But for a 5mm diameter catalyst, the pressure drop through the reactor may be so large that the reaction cannot be carried out economically. This problem in the past process usually uses twice the amount of lOmrn catalyst to obtain the same or almost the same result as the activity obtained with the original amount of 5mm catalyst. But another desired method is to use the original amount of 10mrn physical catalyst and to enhance the physical catalyst with at least a portion of at least one spectral catalyst. Through the use of spectral catalysts

The catalyst activity is effectively doubled (or increased more), so that approximately the same degree of activity (or possibly even higher activity) can be obtained as with a 5mm catalyst. The present invention uses half (or less) of the physical catalyst used in the traditional prior art method, so the present invention allows the size of the catalyst to be larger while maintaining favorable reaction vessel pressure conditions so that the reaction can be carried out economically.

[0488] Another way to solve the problem of pressure drop in the physical catalyst bed is to use no physical catalyst at all. For example, in another embodiment of the present invention, a fiber optic screen (such as one with very large holes) is used in a straight-through reactor. Compared with the pressure drop associated with the use of the above-mentioned physical catalyst with a diameter of 5mm or even a diameter of 10mrn, if the pore size is designed to be large enough, there is actually no pressure drop when passing through the sieve. According to the present invention, the spectroscopic catalyst can be emitted through the fiber sieve to catalyze the reactive species flowing through it. Improvements to the prior art methods have significant processing methodological significance including low cost, high speed, improved safety, and more.

[0489] Industrial catalysts can also be manufactured within a certain range of shapes like size. Shapes include spherical, irregular pellets, flakes, extrudates and toroids. Some shapes are more expensive to manufacture than others and some shapes have better properties (such as catalytic activity, strength, and low pressure drop) than others. Although the spherical shape is not expensive to manufacture, the spherical catalyst packed bed produces a large pressure drop and the spherical strength is usually not high. On the other hand, physical catalyst rings have excellent strength and activity and produce a small pressure drop, but they are relatively expensive to manufacture.

[0490] Spectral energy catalysts allow greater flexibility in choosing the shape of the catalyst. For example, instead of using an expensive spherical catalyst packed bed with an inevitable high pressure drop and causing mechanical damage to the catalyst particles, a single-layer spherical catalyst reinforced with a spectral energy catalyst, for example, is used. The catalyst is cheap and can maintain activity, does not produce a large pressure drop, so it can prevent mechanical damage and prolong the service life of the physical catalyst ball. It is also possible to use fewer catalyst rings to obtain the same or higher catalytic activity by, for example, supplementing at least a part of the spectral catalyst. Since the catalyst bed is smaller than the bed without increasing the spectrum of the catalyst, the reaction process proceeds at a faster straight-through speed.

[0491] Application of spectral energy catalysts and/or spectral environmental reaction conditions that enhance existing physical catalysts has the following advantages:

[0492]-allows the use of less expensive catalyst particles;

[0493]-Allows the use of less total catalyst particles;

[0494]-allows the use of catalyst particle shapes with higher strength; and

[0495]-Allows the use of catalyst particle shapes with better pressure drop characteristics;

[0496] Using them to replace existing physical catalysts has similar advantages:

[0497]-Eliminate the use and cost of catalyst particles together;

[0498]-Allows the use of a more intense spectroscopic catalyst delivery system; and

[0499]-The delivery system can be designed to have excellent pressure drop characteristics.

[0500] The size and shape of the catalyst are also important for the spectral emission spectrum pattern, because all objects depend on their size and shape of NOF. The smaller the object in dimensionality, the higher its NOF in frequency (because speed = length x frequency). Similarly, two objects of the same size but with different shapes have different NOFs (for example, the resonance NOF frequency of a 1.0 m diameter sphere is different from the NOF of a 1.0 m rimmed cube). Wave energy (both acoustic and EM) has a unique resonance frequency for a specific object. Objects such as physical catalyst particles or powder particles of a slurry reactant can act like an antenna, absorbing and emitting energy at its structural resonance frequency. Understanding these can further manipulate and control the size and shape of the reaction system components (such as physical catalysts, reactants, etc.) to achieve the desired effect. For example, a transient variant used in the required reaction pathway can produce a 30 GHz spectral rotation frequency. With 30GHz structural resonance frequency (3X10⁸m/s 1 X 10^m =

30X 10⁹Hz) catalyst balls with a diameter of 1 cm can be used to catalyze the reaction. The catalyst particles can resonate with the rotational frequency structure of the transient body to provide energy to the transient body to catalyze the reaction. The catalyst particles with the same structural resonance can be further provided with energy such as 30 GHz microwave radiation by the spectral energy catalyst. Therefore, it should be understood that the spectral kinetics of chemical reactions can be controlled more accurately than the trial-and-error methods in the prior art.

Solvent

[0502] The term solvent is generally applied to mixtures where the solvent is liquid, but it should be understood that solvents also include solids, liquids, gases or plasmas and/or mixtures thereof or/or their components. The prior art generally divides liquid solvents into three categories: aqueous, organic and non-aqueous solvents. If an aqueous solvent is used, it means that the solvent is water. Organic solvents include billets such as alcohols and brewers. Non-aqueous solvents include inorganic non-aqueous substances. Many catalytic reactions are carried out in solvents.

[0503] Because the solvent itself is composed of atoms, molecules, or ions that can deeply influence chemical reactions. Solvents are composed of substances and they are capable of emitting their own spectral frequencies. The present invention teaches that the frequency of these solvents undergoes the same basic process as the foregoing, including heterodyne, resonance and frequency. Spectroscopists have known for many years that solvents can significantly affect the spectral frequencies produced by their solutes. Similarly chemists have known for many years that solvents can affect the activity of catalysts. However, it is obvious that spectroscopists and chemists in the prior art have not correlated the changes in solute frequency that have been studied for a long time with changes in catalyst activity. The present invention recognizes that these changes in the spectral frequency of the solute will affect the activity of the catalyst and the chemical reaction and/or the general reaction pathway. Such changes include the broadening of the spectral curve. Change of curve intensity, resonance frequency f₀The gradual or abrupt displacement and even the rearrangement of the resonant frequency.

[0504] When looking at FIG. 24a, the solid line represents a part of the spectral pattern of phthalic acid in alcohol, and the dotted line represents the spectral pattern of phthalic acid in the solvent hexane. Consider the reaction in alcohol, where the catalyst resonates with phthalic acid at a frequency of 1250 (the larger solid curve in the middle). If the solvent is changed to hexane, the phthalic acid will no longer resonate at the frequency of 1250, and the catalyst will not be able to excite or provide energy to it. The change of solvent renders the catalyst ineffective.

[0505] Referring similarly to FIG. 24b, a high intensity curve is produced at 580 when iodine is dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, as shown in curve B. In alcohol, as shown by curve A, iodine instead produces a medium intensity curve at 1050 or a low intensity curve at 850. Therefore, it is assumed that the reaction using the spectroscopic catalyst can directly resonate with the iodine in carbon tetrachloride at 580. If the spectral catalyst does not change but the solvent is changed to alcohol, the spectral catalyst will no longer work because the frequency is no longer matched and energy cannot be transferred. Specifically, the 850 frequency spectral catalyst will no longer match and resonate with the new 850 and 1050 iodine frequencies.

[0506] But there is a possibility that the catalyst will change its spectral pattern as the solvent changes. The catalyst can be changed in a similar manner to iodine, in which case the catalyst can continue to react regardless of whether the solvent is changed. On the contrary, the spectral pattern of the spectral catalyst can be changed in the opposite direction to the spectral pattern of iodine. In this case, the catalyst cannot catalyze the original reaction again. There is also a possibility that changes in the catalyst will cause the catalyst to resonate with different chemical species and help the reaction proceed along another reaction pathway.

[0507] Finally consider the graph in Figure 24c, which shows a series of solvent mixtures, from 100% benzene on the far left to a 50:50 mixture of benzene and alcohol in the center, to 100% alcohol on the far right. The solute is phenylazophenol. The frequency of most solvent mixtures is 855~860. For a 50:50 benzene:alcohol mixture, the frequency is 855; or for a 98:2 benzene:alcohol mixture, the frequency is still 855. However, for the 99.5:0.5 benzene:alcohol mixture, the frequency suddenly becomes about 865. In 100% benzene, the activity of the catalyst that resonates with phenylazophenol at 865 will lose its activity when even a little alcohol (for example, 0.5%) exists in the solvent.

[0508] Therefore, it should be understood that the spectrochemical principles proposed by the present invention can be applied to common catalysis and reaction and/or reaction pathways. Instead of using the trial and error method of selecting solvents and/or other reaction system components in the prior art, use solvents

Reagents, which can be tailored and/or modified to optimize spectral environmental reaction conditions. For example, the reaction may contain key reaction participants that resonate at 400THZ, while the catalyst resonates at 800THZ at the same time, tunedly transferring energy. Changing the solvent will cause the resonance frequency of the participant and the catalyst to sharply shift to 600THZ. The catalyst should directly resonate with the participants to transfer more energy and catalyze the reaction system more effectively.

[0509] Vector

[0510] The catalyst may be supported on a carrier or unsupported. The unsupported catalyst is a pure catalyst formed body with basically no other molecules. Unsupported catalysts are rarely used in industry because such catalysts generally have low surface area and therefore low activity. The low surface area is caused by, for example, sintering in a process or the aggregation of small catalyst molecules into larger particles (which can reduce the surface tension of the particles). An example of an unsupported catalyst is a clamp-based alloy mesh, which is sometimes used in the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide. Another example is small silver particles, sometimes used in the catalytic reaction of methanol and air to form formaldehyde. When it is possible to use unsupported catalysts, their advantages in various industrial processes include direct shaping and relatively simple filling.

[0511] The supported catalyst is formed by the catalyst and other particles, and the other particles play a role in supporting the catalyst skeleton. Usually the carrier particles should be inert so as to provide a simple physical scaffolding for the catalyst molecules. Therefore, one of the usual functions of the support is to give the catalyst its shape and mechanical strength. The carrier can also reduce the sintering speed. If the carrier of the catalyst is finely granulated to resemble the catalyst, the carrier will act as a "backing plate" between the catalyst particles, thus preventing sintering. Another theory is that an interaction occurs between the catalyst and the support, thereby preventing sintering. This theory is supported by many observations, that is, the catalytic activity is also changed by changing the structure and composition of the support.

[0512] The supported catalyst is usually produced by one or more of the following three methods: impregnation, precipitation, and/or crystallization. The impregnation technique uses a prepared support, which is then brought into contact with a solution containing the catalyst or its precursor. The catalyst or catalyst precursor diffuses into the pores of the support. Heating or another conversion process drives away the solvent and transforms the catalyst or precursor into the final catalyst. The most commonly used impregnated supports are refractory oxides such as alumina and aluminum hydrated oxides. These supports are most used in occasions where the catalyst must be operated under extreme conditions, such as steam reforming, because they require reasonable mechanical strength.

[0513] The precipitation technique uses a saturated solution of a catalyst salt (such as usually a metal salt). The salt solution is rapidly mixed and then precipitated in the form of fine particles. The precipitate is obtained by using many operations including washing, filtering, drying, heating, and granulation. Graphite lubricants are usually added. Precipitated catalysts have high activity subordinate to high surface area, but they are generally not as strong as impregnated catalysts.

[0514] The carrier produced by crystallization technology is called zeolite. The structure of these crystalline catalyst zeolites is based on Si. . And A10J are shown in Figure 25a which shows the tetrahedral unit of silicon, and Figure 25b shows the tetrahedral unit of aluminum). These units are connected in different combinations to form a structural family, which includes rings, chains, and coordinated polyhedra. For example Si. . And Al. . The tetrahedral unit can form a truncated octahedral structure, which can form the structural units of A, X and Y zeolites (see Figure 26a, which shows a truncated octahedral structure, the lines indicate oxygen atoms and the apex angles are A1 and Si atoms; 26b shows a zeolite composed of truncated octahedrons bonded by oxygen bridges between square faces; Fig. 26c shows X and Y zeolites composed of truncated octahedrons bonded by oxygen bridges between hexagonal faces).

[0515] The crystal structure of zeolite gives it a precisely defined pore size and structure. It is different from the varying pore size in the impregnated or precipitated support. Zeolite crystals are prepared by mixing solutions of silicate, aluminate, and catalyst. Crystallization is usually triggered by heating (see the spectral influence of temperature in the section entitled "Temperature"). The final zeolite structure is determined by the silicon/aluminum ratio, its concentration, the added catalyst, the temperature and even the size of the reaction vessel used, all of which are environmental reactions

condition. Zeolites generally have greater specificity than other catalyst supports (for example, they not only accelerate the reaction). They can also control the reaction to proceed along a specific reaction path.

[0516] The support can affect the activity of the catalyst. Generally, the prior art attributes its influence to geometric factors. But according to the present invention, spectral factors should also be considered. The theory that the solvent influences the spectral pattern produced by its solute has been well established. The solvent can be liquid, solid, gas, and/or plasma. In many cases, the support is considered to be only a solid solvent for the catalyst. Because of this, supports can affect the spectral pattern produced by their solute catalyst.

[0517] Just as dissolved sugar can be placed in a solid phase solvent (ice), the catalyst can also be placed in a carrier that is a solid phase solvent. These carrier solid-phase solvents have spectral effects similar to those of liquid solvents on catalysts. Carriers can change the spectral frequency of their catalyst solutes, for example, by broadening the spectral curve, changing the intensity of the curve, and resonant frequency f. The gradual or steep displacement and even the abrupt rearrangement of the resonance frequency.

[0518] Therefore, due to the disclosure of the present invention, the change of the support can have a huge impact on the activity of the catalyst, which should be very clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The support affects the spectral frequency produced by the catalyst. The change of the spectral frequency of the catalyst has various effects on the chemical reaction and catalytic activity, including accelerating the reaction rate and guiding the reaction to proceed in a specific reaction pathway. Therefore, the carrier can potentially affect the frequency matching, thereby facilitating the possibility of energy transfer between the components of the reaction system and/or the spectral energy profile, thus allowing specific reactions to occur.

[0519] Poisoning

[0520] When the activity of the catalyst is reduced due to the addition of a small amount of other components such as chemical species, the catalyst is poisoned. In the prior art, it is attributed to chemical species containing additional electrons (such as electron donors) and the absorption of poisons on the surface of the physical catalyst, which makes the poisons themselves block the reaction sites. But none of these theories gave a satisfactory explanation for the poisoning.

[0521] Consider the case of a nickel hydrogenation catalyst. These physical catalysts are substantially deactivated when only 0.1% by weight of sulfur compounds are adsorbed thereon. It is hard to believe that 0.1% by weight of sulfur can provide so many electrons to deactivate the nickel catalyst. Similarly, it is difficult to believe that 0.1% by weight of sulfur can occupy so many reaction sites that the catalyst is completely deactivated. Therefore, none of the prior art explanations are satisfactory.

[0522] The phenomenon of poisoning can be more logically understood according to spectrochemistry. Refer to the example in the solvent section, where benzene is used as the solvent and phenylazophenol is used as the solute. In pure benzene, phenylazophenol has a spectral frequency of 865 Hz. With only a few drops of 0.5% ethanol, the frequency of phenylazophenol suddenly changes to 855. If phenylazophenol is expected to resonate at 865, then ethanol has poisoned a particular reaction. Adding a small amount of other chemical species can change the resonance frequency (f.) of the catalyst and reaction chemicals. The addition of another chemical species acts as a poison and prevents the catalyst and the reactive species from resonating. (That is, the presence of additional species can remove any fundamental frequency overlap and thus prevent any significant energy transfer).

[0523] In addition to changing the resonance frequency of chemical species, adding a small amount of other chemicals, by increasing or decreasing the spectral intensity, can also affect the spectral intensity of the catalyst and, for example, other atoms and molecules in the reaction system. Consider the cadmium and zinc mixed in the aluminum-silicon precipitate (see Figure 27, which shows the effect of copper and button on the zinc/cadmium line ratio). The normal ratio between the 3252. 5 spectrum line of cadmium and the 3345. 0 spectrum line of zinc was determined. The addition of sodium, potassium, lead and magnesium has almost no effect on the strength ratio of Cd/Zn. However, the addition of copper reduces the relative intensity of the zinc spectrum and increases the intensity of cadmium. On the contrary, the addition of buttons increased the relative intensity of the zinc line and decreased the intensity of cadmium.

[0524] Also consider the effect of a small amount of magnesium on the copper-aluminum mixture (see Figure 28 which shows the effect of magnesium on the copper-aluminum intensity ratio). 0.6% magnesium will cause a significant reduction in the intensity of copper and aluminum lines. When 1.4% magnesium is contained, the spectral intensity of copper and aluminum are reduced by about one-third. If the frequency of copper is very important for the catalytic reaction, adding a small amount of magnesium will drastically reduce its catalytic activity. Therefore, it is inferred that the copper catalyst is poisoned by magnesium.

[0525] All in all, the poisoning effect on the catalyst is due to the change of the spectrum. Adding a small amount of additional chemical species to the physical catalyst and/or reaction system can change the resonance frequency or spectral intensity of one or more chemical species (such as reactants). The catalyst can remain unchanged, but the key intermediates can be changed. The catalyst can also be changed while the intermediate remains unchanged. They can all change or all remain the same regardless of the added poison. Understanding this is important to achieve the purpose of the present invention. This includes targeting species to cause frequency overlap or in this case, specifically targeting one or more species to prevent any substantial frequency overlap, thus by blocking energy To prevent the reaction from happening.

[0526] Auxiliary

[0527] Only adding a small amount of additional chemical species to the catalyst and reaction system can deactivate the catalyst, and vice versa. When the added species can increase the activity of the catalyst, it is called an adjuvant. For example, adding several percentages of calcium and potassium oxides to the iron-aluminum compound to increase the activity of the iron catalyst for ammonia synthesis. All the mechanisms of adjuvant action have been discussed in the previous section entitled Solvents, Carriers and Poisoning. It is not surprising that some carriers are in fact adjuvants. The auxiliary agent can improve the catalyst and the specific reaction and/or reaction pathway by changing the frequency and intensity of the spectrum. Although the reactants cannot resonate when the catalyst is poisoned (that is, the frequency cannot be overlapped), the auxiliary agent can make it resonate (that is, the frequency overlaps). Similarly, the adjuvant does not reduce the spectral intensity of the critical frequency, but can increase the intensity of the critical frequency.

[0528] Therefore, if it is desired that phenylazophenol reacts at 855 in benzene solvent, alcohol can be added and alcohol is called an auxiliary. If it is desired that p-phenylazophenol also react at 865, alcohol can be added and it is considered a poison. It should be understood that the difference between a poison and a cocatalyst is a matter of opinion and depends on the desired reaction pathway and/or reaction product. They all work based on the spectrochemical mechanism of the present invention.

[0529] Concentration

[0530] The effect of the concentration of chemical species on reaction speed and kinetics is well known. The concentration also affects the activity of the catalyst. The prior art explains the above-mentioned influence through the probability that different chemical species can collide with each other. When a specific species is in high concentration, there are many single atoms or molecules. The more atoms or molecules there are, the more likely they are to collide with other atoms or molecules. However, the statistical processing of the prior art cannot explain all situations. Figure 29 shows different concentrations of N-methyl carbamate in carbon tetrachloride. At low concentrations, the intensity of the spectral lines is relatively low. But as the concentration increases, the intensity of the spectral curve also increases. At 0.01M, only the spectral curve at 3460cmT is an obvious frequency. But at 0. 15M, 3370 and 3300cm^-1The curve at the place is also very obvious.

[0531] When the concentration of a chemical species changes, the spectral characteristics of the species in the reaction mixture also change. Assuming 3300 and 3370cm-¹The response path to a certain hope is a very important frequency. When the concentration is low, the reaction cannot occur along the desired path. But if the concentration increases (and therefore the intensity of the relevant frequency) the reaction will proceed along the desired reaction path. As mentioned above, the concentration is also related to the solvent, carrier structure, poison and adjuvant.

[0532] Fine Structure Frequency

[0533] The science generally involved in measuring energy and frequency of matter is called spectroscopy, which has been discussed in this invention. Specifically, three major types of atomic or molecular spectra are discussed. The electronic spectrum, which mainly has frequencies in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions due to the transfer of electrons, occurs in atoms or molecules. Vibrational spectroscopy, which is caused by, for example, the bond movement between individual atoms in a molecule, occurs in a molecule with a frequency that mainly has IR. Rotational spectrum, which is mainly due to the rotation of molecules in space, also occurs in molecules, and has the frequency of microwaves or radio waves.

[0534] The previous discussion of various spectroscopy and spectroscopy is too simplistic. In fact, there are at least three other sets of spectra, which constitute the spectra discussed above in the present invention, namely, the fine structure spectrum, the hyperfine structure spectrum and the ultrafine structure spectrum. These spectra occur in atoms or molecules, for example, extending from the ultraviolet to the low radio wave region. These spectra are usually in the prior art

It is mentioned as an incidental content in the book of chemistry and spectroscopy, because chemists in the prior art usually pay more attention to the traditional types of spectroscopy, namely electrons, vibrations, and rotations.

[0535] Fine and hyperfine spectroscopy is very popular in the fields of physics and radio astronomy. For example, cosmologists draw the position of interstellar clouds of hydrogen, and collect information about the origin of the universe by detecting signals from outer space, for example, at 1.420 GHz, which is a microwave frequency of the hyperfine splitting frequency of hydrogen. It is astronomers and physicists, not chemists, who have built most of the large databases on the microwave and radio frequencies of molecules and atoms. The obvious difference between the use of fine and hyperfine spectra by chemists and physicists in chemistry has clearly caused chemists in the prior art to not pay much attention (if any) to these spectra with potential applications.

[0536] Referring again to Figures 9a and 9b, the Balmore series (such as frequency curve II) starts at a frequency of 456 THz (see Figure 30a). A careful examination of a single frequency shows that there is not only a narrow crimped peak at 456THz, but there are indeed 7 different curves very close to form the curve at 456THz. The seven different curves are the fine structure frequencies. Figure 30b shows the emission spectrum of the 456 THz curve in hydrogen. The high-resolution laser saturation spectrum is shown in more detail in Figure 31. These 7 different curves are located very close together and are usually called polymorphisms.

[0537] Although 7 different fine structure frequencies are displayed, these 7 frequencies can be roughly divided into 2 main frequencies. Two high and relatively high intensity curves are shown in Figure 30b. The two high-intensity curves at Ocnfi (456.676ΊΉΖ) and at the relative wavenumber of 0.34cmT (456.686THz) are also shown in Figure 31. What appears to be a single frequency at 456THz is actually mainly composed of two slightly different frequencies (456.676 and 456.686THz). These two frequencies are usually called the doublet and the frequency is said to be There was a split. The difference or split between the two main frequencies of the hydrogen 456THz doublet state is 0. ΟΙΟΤΗζ (ΙΟΟΤΗζ) or 0.34cm^_1Wave number. This frequency difference of 10GHz is called the fine splitting frequency of the hydrogen 456THz frequency.

[0538] Therefore, a single frequency usually displayed in the ordinary electronic spectrum is composed of two or more different frequencies that are close together. These different frequencies that are close together are called fine structure frequencies. The difference between the frequencies of the two fine structures split by a very small amount is called the fine splitting frequency (see Figure 32, which shows and f₂Includes f₀, Which is displayed in f. Below. The frequency difference between f2 and f2 is called the fine splitting frequency). The "difference" between the two fine structure frequencies is very important, because the difference between any two frequencies is a kind of heterodyne.

[0539] Almost all the hydrogen frequencies shown in Figures 9a and 9b are doublet and multiplet. This means that almost all hydrogen electronic spectrum frequencies have fine structure frequencies and fine splitting frequencies (which indicates that these heterodyne effects can be obtained and used as a spectroscopic catalyst, if needed). The present invention reveals that these "poor" or heterodyne effects are very useful for certain reactions. But before discussing the application of these heterodyne effects, we should learn more about these heterodyne effects in the present invention. Some fine splitting frequencies for hydrogen (ie, heterodyne) are listed in Table 3. The heterodyne effect of these fine splits can range from microwaves to the upper limit of the radio wave frequency region.

[0540] Table 3 Fine splitting frequency of hydrogen

Frequency (THz) Orbital wave number (cm'¹) Fine split frequency

<td></td><td>2,4664562,923</td><td>2pn2 -33ρ</td><td>0.3650.3400.108</td><td>10.87GHz10.02GHz3.23 GHz</td>

<td>[0541]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>2,923</td><td>3d</td><td>0.036</td><td>1.06GHz</td>

<td></td><td>3,082</td><td>4ρ</td><td>0.046</td><td>1.38GHz</td>

<td></td><td>3,082</td><td>4d</td><td>0.015</td><td>448.00MHz</td>

<td></td><td>3,082</td><td>4f</td><td>0.008</td><td>239.00MHz</td>

[0542] Only for the first series or curve I in hydrogen, there are more than 23 fine splitting frequencies (ie, heterodyne). For example, in the classic reference book "Atomic Energy Levels" by Charlotte Moore in 1949, a list of fine splitting heterodyne can be seen. The reference book also lists 133 fine heterodyne intervals for carbon, with frequencies ranging from 14. ITHz (473. 3cm^) to 12. 2GHz (0.41cm^). The 287 fine split heterodyne effects of oxygen range from 15. 9THz (532.5cm^) to 3.88GHz (0.13cm^). The 23 kinds of fine splitting intervals of the clamp range from 23.3THz (775. 9cm^) to &amp; 62GHz (287. 9cm^_1)。

[0543] FIG. 33 illustrates an enlargement and resolution diagram of the electronic frequency divided into several fine frequencies that are close together. The electron orbit is marked with the number of orbits η = 0, 1, 2, etc. The fine structure is labeled α. Fig. 34 is a quantum diagram showing the fine structure of hydrogen. Specifically, the hydrogen atom has a fine structure of η = 1 and η = 2 energy levels. Figure 35 shows the splitting of the lowest energy levels of carbon, oxygen, and fluorine denoted by "C", "0", and "F".

[0544] In addition to the fine splitting frequency of atoms (heterodyne), molecules also have similar fine structure frequencies. The origin and derivation of the fine structure and splitting of molecules are different from those of atoms, but the graphics and actual results are very similar. In atoms, the fine structure frequency is thought to be caused by the interaction of spin electrons with their own magnetic field. Basically this means that a single atom's spherical electron cloud rotates and interacts with its own magnetic field to produce atomic fine structure frequencies. In the prior art, this phenomenon is called "spin-orbit coupling". For molecules, the fine structure frequency corresponds to the actual rotational frequency or vibration frequency of the electron. Therefore, the fine structure frequencies of atoms and molecules originate from rotation. In the case of an atom, it is the spin of the atom and the rotation around itself, which is very similar to the rotation of the earth around its axis. In the case of molecules, it is the molecule that spins and rotates through space.

[0545] FIG. 36 shows the infrared absorption spectrum of the SF § vibration band near the SF molecule 28.3 THz (wavelength 10. 6 μ m, wave number 948 cm ^). The molecules are highly symmetrical and rotate a bit like a top. Use a high-resolution grating spectrometer to obtain the spectral pattern. There are three clear spectral curves 946, 947 and 948cm^ (2&amp;3, 2&amp;32 and 23.834THz) in the wide band between 941 and 952cm^.

[0546] FIG. 37a shows a narrow section taken between 949 and 950 cm^, which is magnified in FIG. 37b to show its more detailed structure. Use tunable diode lasers to obtain detailed structures. When the spectrum type is examined in more detail, more spectral curves will be found. For molecules, these curves are called fine structure frequencies. The total energy of an atom or molecule is the sum of its electron, vibration and rotation energy. Therefore, the simple Planck equation discussed earlier in the present invention:

[0547] E = h Y

[0548] It can be rewritten as the following form: E = Ee+E γ +Er

[0549] where E is the total energy, Ee is the electron energy, E γ is the vibration energy, and Er is the rotation energy. This equation for the molecule is shown in Figure 38. The energy Ee of the electron includes the change of the orbit of one of the electrons in the molecule. By rail

The number of channels n= 1,2,3 etc. marks. Vibration energy Εν is produced by the change of the vibration rate between two atoms in the molecule, which is marked by the number of vibrations η=1,2,3, etc. Finally, the rotational energy Er is the rotational energy generated by the rotation of the molecule around its center of mass. The rotational energy is marked by the quantum number η = 1,2,3, etc. determined in the angular momentum equation.

[0550] So by examining SF in more detail₆The frequency of the fine structure molecule becomes obvious. These fine structure frequencies are actually generated by the rotation of the molecule, with "J" as a subset of each vibration frequency. Just as the rotational energy levels "J" are divided substantially equally in Fig. 38, when they are plotted against frequency, they are also divided substantially equally.

[0551] It is easy to understand this concept by examining some other frequency diagrams. For example, Figure 39a shows the pure rotational absorption spectrum of gaseous hydrogen chloride, and Figure 39b shows the same spectral pattern at low resolution. In Figure 39a, the waves separated like "comb" teeth correspond to their respective rotational frequencies. The frequency of the complete wave (that is, the wave containing the entire comb) extends from 20 to 500 cm^ corresponding to all vibration frequencies. When the resolution or magnification is low, this set of rotation frequency presents a single frequency peak (598 GHz) with a peak value of 20 cm^ (see Figure 39b). It is very similar to the way that atomic frequencies such as the hydrogen frequency of 456THz are presented (that is, there is only one frequency at low resolution, and it is proved to be several different frequencies at higher magnification).

[0552] The rotational spectrum (ie, fine structure) of hydrogen oxide is shown in FIG. 40, where "J" is the rotational energy level. Also note the neat spacing of the rotational energy levels. (Note that the orientation of the spectrum is opposite to the classical spectrum). The spectrum uses transmission on the horizontal Y axis instead of emission, so the intensity goes down the Y axis without increasing upward.

[0553] In addition, FIG. 41 shows the vibrational band of FCCF Vj-Vg (where Vj is the vibrational energy level 1, v₅Is the vibration level 5) It includes many rotational frequencies. All fine jagged spikes are fine structure frequencies corresponding to the rotational frequency. Note that the rotation frequency is substantially neatly spaced. At the same time, notice the fluctuating spectral pattern of the intensity of the rotation frequency and the spectral pattern of the change of the intensity of the rotation frequency.

<td rowspan="2">[0554][0555]</td><td colspan="3">Consider the actual rotational frequencies (ie, fine structure frequencies) of the carbon monoxide ground state listed in Table 4. Table 4 Rotation frequency and derived rotation constant of C0 ground state</td>

<td>J jump</td><td>Frequency (MHz)</td><td>Frequency (GHz)</td>

<td></td><td>0—1</td><td>115,271.204</td><td>115</td>

<td></td><td>1 — 2</td><td>230,537.974</td><td>230</td>

<td rowspan="2">[0556]</td><td>2—3</td><td>345,795.989</td><td>346</td>

<td>3 — 4</td><td>461,040.811</td><td>461</td>

<td></td><td>4—5</td><td>576,267.934</td><td>576</td>

<td></td><td>5 — 6</td><td>691,472.978</td><td>691</td>

<td></td><td>6—7</td><td>806,651.719</td><td>807</td>

<td>[0557]</td><td>Where B_o = 57, 635. 970MHz</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>[0558]</td><td colspan="2">Each rotation frequency is evenly spaced at an interval of about 115MHz.</td><td>The quantum theory of the existing technology makes this neat</td>

The distance between is attributed to the following fact: the rotational frequency and Plank constant, and by the equation Β = ή/(8π ²1) The determined moment of inertia (ie the center of mass of the molecule) is related, where B is the rotational constant, h is the Plank constant, and I is the moment of inertia of the molecule. Therefore, the prior art establishes the frequency equation of the rotational energy level, which corresponds to: f = 2B (J+I), where f is the frequency, B is the rotational constant, and J is the rotational energy level. Therefore, the rotational spectrum of the molecule (ie, the fine structure spectrum) proves to be a series of harmonic lines with frequencies that are all separated or split by the same amount (ie, heterodyne). This quantity is called "2B" in the prior art, and "B" means "rotational constant". In existing charts and databases of molecular frequencies, "B" is usually listed in terms of frequency such as MHz. Figure 42 illustrates the first 4 rotational frequencies of C0.

[0559] This fact is interesting for several reasons. The rotation constant "B" listed in many databases is equal to half of the difference between the molecular rotation frequency. This means that B is the first harmonic frequency relative to the fundamental frequency "2B", which is the heterodyne difference between all rotating frequencies. The listed C0 rotation constant B is 57.6GHz (57, 635. 970MHz). It is basically half of the 115 GHz difference between the rotational frequencies. Therefore, according to the present invention, if it is desired to excite the molecular rotation energy level, the amount of "2B" can be used, because it is basically the first heterodyne effect. In addition, because "B" corresponds to the first harmonic of those heterodyne effects, the same "B" can be used.

[0560] In addition, the prior art teaches that if it is desired to use microwave excitation, the microwave frequency used will be limited to the energy level at or close to the ground state of the molecule (ie, n=0 in FIG. 38)_oThe prior art teaches that when rising to higher electronic and vibrational energy levels in FIG. 38, the required frequencies correspond to the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions. However, the prior art is wrong on this point.

[0561] Referring again to FIG. 38, it is clear that no matter what the electron or vibration energy levels are under detailed examination, the rotational frequencies are evenly spaced. The uniform spacing shown in Figure 38 is due to the reason that the rotational frequencies are evenly spaced when pushing upward through higher vibration and electron energy levels. Table 5 lists the rotation frequency of lithium fluoride (LiF) at several different rotation and vibration energy levels.

Table 5 Rotational frequency of lithium fluoride (LiF)

<td></td><td>Vibration energy level</td><td>Rotational transition</td><td>Frequency (MHz)</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>0—1</td><td>89,740.46</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>1—2</td><td>179,470.35</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>2—3</td><td>269,179.18</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>3—4</td><td>358,856.19</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>4—5</td><td>448,491.07</td>

<td></td><td>0</td><td>5 — 6</td><td>538,072.65</td>

<td></td><td>1</td><td>0—1</td><td>88,319.18</td>

<td></td><td>1</td><td>1—2</td><td>176,627.91</td>

<td rowspan="2">[0563]</td><td>1</td><td>2—3</td><td>264,915.79</td>

<td>1</td><td>3—4</td><td>353,172.23</td>

<td></td><td>1</td><td>4—5</td><td>441,386.83</td>

<td></td><td>2</td><td>0—1</td><td>86,921.20</td>

<td></td><td>2</td><td>1 — 2</td><td>173,832.04</td>

<td></td><td>2</td><td>2—3</td><td>260,722.24</td>

<td></td><td>2</td><td>3 — 4</td><td>347,581.39</td>

<td></td><td>3</td><td>1 — 2</td><td>171,082.27</td>

<td></td><td>3</td><td>2—3</td><td>256,597.84</td>

<td></td><td>3</td><td>3 — 4</td><td>342,082.66</td>

[0564] It is clear from Table 5 that regardless of the vibration level, the difference between the rotational energy levels is about 86,000 to 89,000 MHz (ie, 86 to 89 GHz). Therefore, according to the present invention, by using a microwave frequency between about 86,000 to 89,000 MHz, a molecule can be excited to rise from the ground state energy level to its highest energy level. This effect is not even rarely mentioned in the prior art. Specifically, the rotational frequency of the molecule can be controlled in a unique way. The first rotational energy level has a natural frequency (NOF) of 89,740MHz. The second rotational energy level has a NOF of 179, 470 MHz. therefore,

[0565] NOF rotation ΐ-2_N0F rotation ()-i ⁼Subtraction frequency rotation 2-ι

[0566] or

[0567] 179, 470MHz-89, 740MHz = 89, 730MHz

[0568] Therefore, the present invention finds that the heterodyne effect is achieved by adding or subtracting the NOF of the rotational frequency in a manner similar to the heterodyne effect of all frequencies. Specifically, the heterodyne effect of the two rotational frequencies produces a subtraction frequency. This subtraction frequency happens to be exactly twice the derived rotational constant "B" listed in the Handbook of Nuclear Physics and Spectroscopy. Therefore, when the first rotation frequency in the numerator is excited by the subtraction frequency rotation 2", the first rotation frequency and NOF rotation ° (that is, the first rotation frequency) will have a heterodyne effect (that is, in this case, it is Add) to produce NOF rotation -2, which is the solid state of the second rotation energy level of the molecule.

There are vibration frequencies. In other words:

[0569] Subtraction frequency rotation 2-i+NOF rotation οOneί ⁼ N0F rotation ι-2;

[0570] Or 89,730MHz+89, 740MHz = 179, 470MHz

[0571] Since the present invention has disclosed that the rotation frequency is actually evenly spaced harmonics, the subtraction frequency is superimposed with the NOF of the second energy level to produce the third energy level NOF. The subtraction frequency is superimposed with the third energy level NOF to produce the fourth energy level NOF. And so on. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to excite all rotational energy levels in a vibration band by using a single microwave frequency. [0572] And if all the rotational energy levels of the vibration frequency are excited, then the vibration frequency will be excited accordingly. Further, if all the vibrational energy levels of the electronic energy level are excited, then the electronic energy level is also excited. Therefore, according to the teaching of the present invention, by using a single microwave frequency, the highest energy level of the electronic and vibrational structure of the molecule can be excited. This is contrary to the teaching of the prior art that the use of microwaves is limited to the ground state of the molecule. Specifically, if the purpose is to directly resonate with the higher energy levels of rotation or electrons, the prior art teaches that microwave frequencies cannot be used. But if according to the present invention, for example, the role of the catalytic mechanism is, for example, indirectly through heterodyning with the target species It is caused by the resonance of, so one or more microwave frequencies can be used to provide energy to at least one high-level vibration or electronic state. Therefore, by applying the teaching of the present invention combined with the simple method of heterodyne, it can be easily understood that the microwave frequency is not limited to the ground state energy level of the molecule.

[0573] The present invention believes that the use of at least one heterodyne frequency (such as harmonic) catalyst can actually indirectly excite the target species. But the catalyst can also directly resonate with at least one fundamental frequency of interest to excite the target species. However, two mechanisms can be used for the rotational frequency. For example, Fig. 42 is a fine structure spectrogram showing the first four rotational frequencies when C0 is in the ground state. The first rotation frequency of C0 is 115 GHz. The heterodyne difference between the rotation frequencies is also 115 GHz. The first rotation frequency and the heterodyne difference between the frequencies are the same. All high-level rotation frequencies are harmonics of the first frequency. This relationship is not obvious when only dealing with the rotation constant "B" in the prior art. However, the frequency-based spectrochemical analysis as described in the present invention makes such a concept easy to understand.

[0574] From the examination of the rotation frequency of the first energy level of LiF, it is found that the heterodyne difference between the rotation frequencies of the first and second energy levels is almost equal. The rotation frequency is the harmonic of the sequence of the first rotation frequency. Therefore, if the molecule is excited with a frequency equal to 2B (that is, the harmonic difference of the heterodyne between the rotational frequencies), the present invention teaches that through the heterodyne indirectly, the energy can resonate with all higher rotational frequencies, and it can directly interact with the first A rotational frequency resonance. This is an important discovery.

[0575] The prior art discloses many constants used in spectroscopy. These constants, such as the rotational constant "B", are related to the harmonic spacing of the rotating fine structure molecular frequency, and are related to atoms or molecules in some way or another. Is associated with the frequency. The α rotation-vibration constant is a good example. When the vibration energy level changes, the α rotation-vibration constant is associated with a slight change in the frequency of the same rotation energy level. For example, Fig. 43a shows the frequency of LiF with the same rotational energy level but different vibration energy levels. These frequencies are almost the same, but there are several percentage changes between different vibration energy levels.

[0576] Refer to FIG. 43b, which shows the difference between all frequencies of various rotational transitions of different vibrational energy levels in FIG. 43a. In Figure 43b, the top spectral line's rotational transition 0-1 has a frequency of 89,740.46MHz at the vibration level 0_oAt vibration level 1, the transition 0-1 is 88,319.18MHz. The difference between these two rotational frequencies is 1,421.28MHz. At vibration level 2, the transition 0-1 is 86, 921. 20 MHz. The difference between the frequency and the frequency of vibration level 1 (8 &amp; 319. 18 MHz) is 1,397. 98ΜΗζ_οFor the same J rotation energy level, these tiny differences are almost equal between different vibration energy levels. For the rotational energy level of J = 0-1, their center is around the frequency of 1,400MHz.

[0577] For the J=1-2 transition, the energy difference center is about 2800 Hz, and for the 2-3 transition, the difference center is about 4200 Hz. _oThese different frequencies such as 1,400, 2,800, 4, 200 Hz, etc., are all harmonics of each other. In addition, they are all harmonics of the α rotation-vibration constant. Just as the actual molecular rotation frequency is the harmonic of the rotation constant Β, the difference between the rotation frequencies is α rotation.

Dynamic-harmonic of vibration constant. Therefore, if the molecule is excited with a frequency equal to the α rotation-vibration frequency, the present invention points out that the energy will indirectly resonate with all higher rotation frequencies through heterodyne. This is an important discovery.

[0578] Consider the rotational and vibrational states of the triatomic OCS molecule shown in FIG. 44. Figure 44 shows the same rotational energy level (J = 1-2) for different vibration states in OCS. For the ground state vibrational energy level (000), J = 1-2 transitions; and the excited vibrational state (100) J = 1-2 transitions, the difference between these two frequencies is equal to 4Xα₁(4α₁）_οIn another excited state, at the ground state vibrational energy level (000), the frequency difference between the J = 1-2 transition and the two 1-type double splitting centers is equal to 4Xα₂(4α₂）_οAt higher excitation vibration states, the frequency difference between (000) and (02°0) is 8X α ₂ (8 α ₂) "So it can be seen that the rotation-vibration constant "α" is actually a harmonic of the molecular frequency. Therefore, according to the present invention, using the "α" frequency or "α" harmonic to excite a molecule will make it directly related to the various rotation-vibration frequencies of the molecule. Resonance or indirectly and harmoniously occur heterodyne.

[0579] Another interesting constant is the 1-type double constant. This constant is also shown in Figure 44. Specifically, Figure 44 shows the rotational transition J = 1-2 of the three-atom molecule OCS. Just as the frequency of an atom sometimes splits into a doublet or multiplet state, the rotational frequency sometimes splits into a doublet state. The difference between them is called 1-type double constant. These constants are usually smaller (ie, lower frequencies) than the α constant. For the OCS molecule, the α constants are 20.56 and 10.56 MHz, and the 1-type double constant is 6.3 ΜΗζ. These frequencies are in the radio wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0580] As discussed earlier in the present invention, energy is transferred through two basic frequency mechanisms. If the frequencies are substantially the same or matched, then energy is transferred through direct resonance. Energy can also be transferred indirectly through heterodyne (that is, the frequency can be basically matched after being superimposed or subtracted from another frequency). In addition, as mentioned earlier, the direct or indirect resonance frequency cannot be accurately matched. If they are only very close, they can still transmit a considerable amount of energy. The use of any constant or frequency associated with molecules or other substances through heterodyne interaction can, for example, transfer energy to the substance, and thus can directly interact with the substance.

[0581] In the reaction of hydrogen and oxidation to form water, the present invention points out that providing energy to the reaction intermediates of atomic hydrogen and suspect radicals is critical to maintaining the reaction. At this point, the physical catalyst clamp directly provides energy to the two reaction intermediates or indirectly resonates with them. Tweezers can also provide energy to intermediates in multiple state energy levels, creating conditions for energy amplification. The present invention also teaches how to replicate the mechanism of action of the clamp by using atomic fine structure frequencies.

[0582] The present invention has previously discussed resonance with fine structure frequencies when there are only small changes between frequencies (ie, 456.676 and 456.686T). But the indirect resonance with the fine structure frequency is when there is a significant difference. Specifically, by using the fine splitting frequency, which is nothing but a difference or heterodyne between fine structure frequencies, the present invention indicates that indirect resonance can be obtained. By examining the fine structure and fine splitting frequency of hydrogen 456THζ (see, for example, Figures 30 and 31 and Table 3 show many heterodyne effects). In other words, the difference between the fine structure frequencies can be calculated by the following formula:

[0583] 456.686ΤΗζ-456.676ΤΗζ=0. 0102THz = 10. 2GHz

[0584] Therefore, if the 10. 2 GHz electromagnetic energy (ie, the energy corresponding to microwaves) is applied to the hydrogen atom, the 456 THz electronic spectrum frequency is provided with energy through indirect resonance with it. In other words, the superposition of 10.2GHz and 456.676THz produces a resonance frequency of 456.686THz. Subtracting 10. 2 GHz from 456. 686 THz produces a resonance frequency of 456. 676 THz. Therefore, by introducing 10. 2GHz energy to the hydrogen atom, the hydrogen atom is excited at a frequency of 456THZ. The frequency of microwaves can be used to excite the electronic energy levels.

[0585] According to the present invention, it is also possible to use a combination of simulated catalytic mechanisms. For example, it is possible to: 1) resonate with the frequency of the hydrogen atom indirectly through heterodyne (ie, the fine splitting frequency); and/or 2) resonate with the hydrogen atom at the multi-state frequency. Using microwave frequency combinations, such multiple resonances can occur simultaneously, sequentially, and/or in chirps or bursts of short pulses. For example hydrogen of 10, 87GHz, 10, 2GHz, 3, 23GHz, 1.38GHz and 1.06GHz single

Microwave fine splitting frequencies can be applied in a sequential manner. In addition, many fine splitting frequencies of hydrogen are not included in the description of the present invention, which depends on the frequency range of the available equipment. The present invention provides a method of tailoring the selected frequency to suit the available equipment capabilities. Therefore, the flexibility according to the teaching of the present invention is great.

[0586] Another method of delivering the frequency of multimodal electromagnetic energy according to the present invention is to use a lower frequency as a higher frequency carrier. This can be achieved, for example, by generating 10. 2 GHz EM energy in a short burst of short pulses, which are emitted at a frequency of about 239 MHz. Both of these frequencies are fine splitting frequencies of hydrogen. It can also be achieved by continuously delivering EM energy and changing the amplitude at a frequency of about 239THZ. These technologies can be used alone or in combination with various other technologies disclosed in the present invention.

[0587] Therefore, by simulating one or more mechanisms of catalyst action and by using atomic fine structure frequency and splitting frequency, it is possible to use microwave and radio wave frequencies to provide energy to higher atomic energy levels. Therefore, by selectively supplying energy to specific atoms or targeting specific atoms, it is possible to catalyze and guide the desired reaction to obtain the desired final product. Depending on the environmental conditions, choosing to use a lower frequency has many advantages. Lower frequencies can usually penetrate better into large reaction spaces and volumes, and are better suited for large-scale industrial applications. In contrast to large, bulky devices that deliver higher frequencies (such as lasers), lower frequencies can be delivered more easily with portable, compact devices. The choice of spectral catalyst frequency is based on simple reasons to avoid interference with other EM energy sources. Therefore, according to the present invention, the understanding of the basic methods of heterodyne and fine structure splitting frequency allows greater flexibility in designing and applying spectroscopic catalysts in a targeted manner. Specifically, instead of simply repeating the spectral pattern of the physical catalyst, the present invention points out that as long as the teaching of the present invention is followed, it is possible to make full use of the frequencies in the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, certain desired frequencies can be used while other less desired frequencies can be excluded from the applied spectral energy catalysts that target a specific participant and/or component in the reaction system.

[0588] As another example, once again refer to the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water. If it is desired to catalyze the reaction of water by replicating the catalytic action mechanism in the microwave region, the present invention teaches that there are several ways to choose. In addition, this choice is based on the knowledge that clamps provide energy to the reaction intermediates of the vat radical. Except for hydrogen atoms, the B frequency of the vat-based radical is 565.8 GHz. It means that the actual heterodyne difference between the rotational frequencies is 2B, or 1, 131.6 GHz._oTherefore, such a frequency can be used to achieve the excitation of doubt-based radical intermediates.

[0589] In addition, the α constant of the suspect radical is 21.4 GHz. Therefore, this frequency can also be used to provide energy for the suspect radical. Therefore, by introducing hydrogen and oxygen gas into the chamber and radiating the gas at 21.4 GHz, water will be formed. This specific gigahertz energy is a harmonic heterodyne effect on the rotation frequency of the same rotation energy level but different vibration energy levels. The frequency of the heterodyne action provides energy for all the rotational frequencies, all the rotational frequencies provide energy for the vibration energy level, the vibration energy level provides energy for the electronic frequency, and the electronic frequency catalyzes the reaction. The reactions described above can therefore be catalyzed or targeted by spectroscopic catalysts used at several applicable frequencies, all of which can be matched to one or more frequencies in one or more participants to allow energy transfer.

[0590] Still further, the transmission of 565.8 GHz or even 1,131.6 GHz will cause substantially all the rotational energy levels in the molecule to be provided with energy to rise from the ground state. This method replicates the mechanism of the catalyst in two ways. The first way is to catalyze the formation of water by supplying energy to suspect radicals and maintaining key reaction intermediates. The second mechanism replicated from the catalyst is that the energy levels of the multiple states in the molecule provide energy. Because the rotation constant "B" is related to the rotation frequency, heterodyne occurs in all energy levels in the molecule. Therefore, the frequency "B" is used to provide energy to all energy levels in the molecule. This improves the effectiveness of building an energy amplification system, as would happen when there is a physical catalyst clamp.

[0591] Still further, if the frequency corresponding to the 1-type double constant is used to provide energy to the molecule, basically

This frequency is used in a way similar to using the fine split frequency from the atomic spectrum. The difference between the two frequencies in the dual state is heterodyne, and supplying energy to the dual state at its heterodyne frequency (ie, splitting frequency) will provide energy to the basic frequency to catalyze the reaction.

[0592] A further example is the use of a combination of atomic fine structure frequencies. For example, by using a constant center frequency of 1, 131.6 GHz (that is, the heterodyne difference between the rotational frequencies of the suspect radicals) that has a vibration change around the center frequency ± 21. 4 GHz (that is, the α constant harmonic that varies between the rotation frequencies). ), then the energy of 1,131.6GHz EM can be used in short bursts, the frequency of which short pulses flash is 21. 4GHzο

[0593] Since there are small changes between the rotation frequencies of the same energy level, the frequency range can be used to construct short pulse groups. For example, if the largest "B" is 565.8 GHz, then the heterodyne of the rotational frequency corresponds to 1,131.6 GHz. If the smallest "B" is 551.2GHz, then the heterodyne corresponding to the rotational frequency acts at 1,102GHz_oTherefore, "chirp" or short bursts whose energy increases from 1,100GHz to 1,140GHz can be used. In fact, a transmitter can be set up to transmit a "chirp" or burst of short pulses at a speed of 21.4GHz.

[0594] In any case, there are many ways to use atomic or molecular fine structure frequencies with incidental heterodyne and harmonics. Understanding the mechanism of action of the catalyst allows those of ordinary skill in the art to use the teachings of the present invention as a weapon to utilize spectral catalysts from the high-frequency ultraviolet and visible regions to the sometimes more steerable microwave and radio wave regions. Moreover, the present invention enables those of ordinary skill in the art to calculate and/or determine the influence of microwave and radio wave energy on chemical reactions and/or reaction pathways.

[0595] Super Fine Frequency

[0596] The hyperfine structure frequency is similar to the fine structure frequency. The fine structure frequency can be seen in a part of the amplified standard frequency spectrum pattern. The hyperfine frequency can be seen from a part of the amplified fine structure spectrum pattern. The fine splitting frequency occurs at a lower frequency than the electronic spectrum, mainly in the infrared and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The hyperfine splitting frequency occurs at a lower frequency than the fine structure spectrum, mainly in the microwave and radio wave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fine structure frequency is usually caused by at least the interaction of the electron with its own magnetic field. Hyperfine frequencies are usually caused by at least the interaction of electrons with nuclear magnetic fields.

[0597] FIG. 36 shows the frequency spectrum pattern of the rotation-vibration band of the SF6 molecule. The rotation-vibration band and fine structure are also shown in Figure 45. However, the fine structure frequency can be seen by zooming in a small part of the standard vibration band spectrum pattern (ie, the lower frequency part in Figure 45 represents some part of the fine structure frequency). In many ways, observing the fine structure frequency is like observing the standard spectrum pattern with a magnifying glass. The standard vibration frequency band, which appears to be flat and meaningless, is partially enlarged to show many curves with lower frequency splits. These many other curves are fine structure curves. Similarly, by enlarging the seemingly boring small part of the fine structure spectral pattern obtained above, it is found that there are other spectral patterns of many curves, which are called hyperfine spectral patterns.

[0598] FIG. 46 is SF₆An enlarged view of a small part of the fine structure spectrum pattern (for example, from 0 to 300). The hyperfine spectral pattern consists of many curves separated by uniform lower frequencies. This time, the fine structure spectrum is amplified instead of the standard vibrational spectrum. Find more curves even closer. Figures 47a and 47b show a further enlarged view of the two curves marked with asterisks (ie "*" and "**") in Figure 46.

[0599] The single curled curve shown in FIG. 46 proves to be a series of several curves closely spaced to each other. These are hyperfine frequency curves. Therefore, the fine structure spectrum pattern is composed of several more closely spaced curves. These other curves, which are even closer to each other, correspond to hyperfine frequencies.

[0600] FIGS. 47a and 47b show that the intervals of the hyperfine frequency curves are very close and the intervals are somewhat regular. Super fine

The small amount of line splitting is called the hyperfine splitting frequency. The hyperfine split frequency is also a kind of heterodyne. The concept is basically similar to the concept of fine split frequency. The difference between the two curves that are split is called the split frequency. As previously defined, the difference between the two curves is called the heterodyne frequency. Therefore, the hyperfine splitting frequency is the heterodyne effect of the hyperfine frequency.

[0601] Because the hyperfine frequency curve is amplified by the fine structure curve, the hyperfine splitting frequency that occurs is only a part of the fine structure splitting frequency. The fine structure splitting frequency is actually several curves, which are very close to each other near the standard spectral frequency. The result of the amplification of the fine structure splitting frequency is the hyperfine splitting frequency. The hyperfine splitting frequency is actually a few more curves, which are very close to each other. The closer the curves are to each other, the smaller the distance or frequency separating them. The distance separating any two curves is the heterodyne frequency. Therefore, the closer any two curves are, the smaller (lower) the heterodyne frequency between them. The distance between the hyperfine splitting frequencies (that is, the amount by which the hyperfine frequency is split) is the hyperfine splitting frequency. It can also be called a constant or interval.

[0602] The electronic spectrum frequency of hydrogen is 2,466 THZ. This frequency consists of a fine structure curve with a spacing of 10.87GHz (0.01087THz). Therefore, the fine splitting frequency is 10.87 GHz. The fine structure curve is composed of hyperfine curves. These hyperfine curves are separated by 23. 68 and 59. 21 MHz. Therefore, both 23 and 59 MHz are the hyperfine splitting frequencies of hydrogen. Other hyperfine splitting frequencies of hydrogen include 2.71,4.21,7.02,17.55,52.63,177.64 and 1,420.0ΜΗζ_οThe hyperfine splitting frequency is even closer to each other than the fine structure splitting frequency, so the hyperfine splitting frequency is smaller and lower than the fine splitting frequency.

[0603] Therefore, the hyperfine splitting frequency is lower than the fine splitting frequency. This means that the hyperfine splitting frequency is not in the infrared and microwave region like the fine structure frequency, but in the microwave and radio wave region. These lower frequencies are MHz of the electromagnetic spectrum (10⁶Hertz) and Khz (10³Hertz). Figure 48 shows several hyperfine splitting frequencies of hydrogen (Figure 48 shows the hyperfine structure of hydrogen transitions from η = 2 to η = 3).

[0604] FIG. 49 shows CH₃I's super fine frequency. These frequencies are an amplification of the fine structure frequency of the molecule. Since the fine structure frequency of the molecule is actually the rotational frequency, what is displayed is actually a hyperfine split of the rotational frequency. Figure 49 shows the hyperfine splitting in the J = 1-2 rotational transition. The split between the two highest curves is less than 100 MΗζ. [0605] Figure 50 shows another example of a C1CN molecule. This set of hyperfine frequencies starts from the J = 1-2 transition of the vibrational ground state of C1CN. Note that the hyperfine frequencies are separated by several megahertz (MHz), and in several places are even less than one megahertz.

[0606] Figure 51 shows the energy level diagram and spectral pattern of the J = 1/2-3/2 rotational transition of NO.

[0607] NH is shown in FIG. 52₃The superfine split frequency. Note that the frequency spacing is so close to each other that the unit of measurement at the bottom is kilohertz (Kc/sec). Use an electron beam spectrometer to obtain the ultra-fine characteristics of the spectrum.

[0608] Just like the fine structure frequency, the hyperfine structure frequency is the heterodyne effect of atomic and molecular frequencies. Therefore, if an atom or molecule is excited with a frequency equal to the hyperfine splitting frequency (the difference in heterodyne between the hyperfine frequencies), the present invention teaches that the energy equal to the hyperfine splitting frequency will indirectly communicate with the hyperfine frequency through heterodyne. Resonance. The related rotation, vibration, and/or electronic energy levels will be excited in sequence. This is an important discovery. It allows people to use more radio waves and microwave frequencies to selectively excite and target specific reaction system components (such as atomic hydrogen intermediates, such as 2. 55, 23. 68, 59.2 and/or 1, 420MHz excitation).

[0609] Similar to the fine frequency, the hyperfine frequency also includes features such as a doublet state. Specifically, in a region where one would expect to find only a single hyperfine frequency curve, there are instead two curves. Typically, there is a curve on each side of the desired single hyperfine frequency location. Figures 53 and 54 show the hyperfine doublet. The hyperfine spectrum pattern is also from ΝΗ₃owned. Figure 53 corresponds to the rotational energy level of J=3 and Figure 54 corresponds to the rotational energy level of J=4. in

In the curve of J = 3 (that is, in Figure 53), the doublet is most easily seen. There are two sets of short curves, one tall, and then two sets of shorter curves. Each set of short curves is generally located where only one curve is expected to be found. Instead, there are two curves, one on each side of the main curve. Each set of curves is an ultra-fine doublet.

[0610] There are different symbols to indicate (source of doubletization) such as 1-type, doubletization, K doubletization and A doubletization, etc., and they all have their own constants or spacing. It does not involve detailed theories about the formation of different types of doublets. The distance between any two hyperfine polymorphic curves is also heterodyne, so all these doublet constants represent frequency heterodyne. Therefore, according to the present invention, those frequency heterodyne effects (ie, hyperfine constants) can be used as spectral energy catalysts.

[0611] Specifically, frequencies in atoms or molecules can be excited directly or indirectly. If the purpose is to excite hydrogen at a frequency of 2,446 THz for some reason, then, for example, an ultraviolet laser can radiate hydrogen at 466 THz of electromagnetic radiation. This can directly excite atoms. But if such a laser is not available, then the 10.87GHz fine structure splitting frequency of hydrogen can be obtained with microwave equipment. The frequency of megahertz will heterodynes (ie add or subtract) the two closely spaced fine structure curves at 2,466, and excite a frequency band of 2,466THZ. This will indirectly excite the atoms.

[0612] Furthermore, the atoms are excited by using the hyperfine splitting frequency of 23.68 MHz hydrogen generated by a microwave device. 23. The frequency of 68MHz and the two close hyperfine frequency curves at 2,466 heterodyne (that is, addition or subtraction), and the fine structure curve is excited at 2,466THZ. The excitation of the fine structure curve will in turn lead to the excitation of the hydrogen atom at an electronic frequency of 2,466THz.

[0613] Furthermore, in the radio wave and microwave parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, the additional hyperfine splitting frequency of hydrogen can also be used to excite atoms. For example, radio spectrum types having 2.7 MHz, 4.2 MHz, 7 MHz, 18 MHz, 23 MHz, 52 MHz, and 59 MHz can be used. It can excite several different hyperfine frequencies of hydrogen, and it can excite them substantially simultaneously. It causes the excitation of the fine structure frequency, which in turn will excite the electron frequency in the hydrogen atom.

[0614] Still further, depending on the available equipment and/or design, and/or operational constraints, certain delivery mode changes may also be used. For example, a lower frequency can be used as a higher frequency carrier frequency. The continuous frequency of 52MHz may have an amplitude variation of 2.7MHz. Or 59MHz frequency pulse output at 4.2MHz frequency. There are many different ways of combining and/or transmitting frequencies, including different waveform durations, intensity shapes, charge cycles, etc. According to the hyperfine splitting frequency that is excited, for example, the occurrence of various and specific transitions can be accurately corrected and controlled, so that the fine and/or hyperfine splitting frequency can be used to achieve precise control of the reaction system.

[0615] Therefore, the main point of the present invention is that once you understand the principle that energy can be transferred when the frequencies match, then determining which frequencies match is the next step. The present invention discloses how to precisely achieve that goal. The interaction between equipment restrictions, operating restrictions, etc. can determine which frequencies are most suitable for a particular purpose. Therefore, not only direct resonance but also indirect resonance are suitable methods for the application of spectral energy catalysts.

[0616] Electric Field

[0617] Another way to modify the spectral profile of a substance is to place the substance in an electric field. Specifically, in the presence of an electric field, the spectral frequency lines of atoms and molecules can split, shift, broaden or change their intensity. To commemorate the discoverer J. Stark, the influence of the electric field on the spectral lines is called the "Stark effect". In 1913, when Stark used a high electric field in the presence of a hydrogen flame, he discovered that the Balmer series of hydrogen (i.e. curve II in Figures 9a and 9b) split into several different components. In the years since the intervention, Stark's original discovery has developed into an independent branch of spectroscopy, that is, to study the structure of atoms or molecules by measuring the changes in their respective spectral lines caused by electric fields.

[0618] There are some similarities between the electric field effect and the fine and hyperfine splitting frequencies. Specifically, as mentioned earlier, fine

Structural and hyperfine structure frequencies and their low-frequency splitting or coupling constants are caused by the internal interaction of atoms or molecules between the electric field of electrons and the magnetic field of electrons or nuclei. The electric field effect is similar, except that instead of using an electric field from inside the atom, an electric field from outside the atom is used. The Stark effect is mainly the interaction between the external electric field from outside the atom or molecule and the electric and magnetic field that has been established inside the atom or molecule.

[0619] When considering the influence of electric fields on atoms, molecules, ions, and/or their components, the properties of the electric field should also be considered (for example, if the electric field is static or dynamic). The electrostatic field can be generated by direct current. The dynamic electric field changes with time and can be generated by alternating current. If the electric field is derived from alternating current, then the frequency of alternating current that is comparable to, for example, the frequency of atoms or molecules should also be considered.

[0620] In atoms, an external electric field interferes with the charge distribution of electrons in the atom. Disturbance to the electron's own electric field will cause the dipole movement in it (that is, a tiny unbalanced distribution of charge). This unbalanced electronic dipole motion then interacts with the external electric field. In other words, the external electric field first causes the dipole movement in the electric field, and then interacts with the dipole. The final result is that the atomic frequency is split into several different frequencies. The amount by which the frequency is split is determined by the strength of the electric field. In other words, the stronger the electric field, the greater the split distance.

[0621] If the splitting changes directly with the intensity of the electric field, then it is called the first-order splitting (ie Δ γ = AF, where Δ Y is the splitting frequency, A is a constant, and F is the electric field strength). When the splitting changes with the square of the field strength, it is called the second-order splitting or quadratic effect (ie, Y = BF²). One or two effects can appear in various forms of matter. For example, hydrogen atoms exhibit the first-order Stark effect at low electric field strengths, and the second-order Stark effect appears at high field strengths. Other electric field effects that vary with the power of the electric field to the third or fourth power are rarely studied, although splitting frequencies are also produced. The secondary electric field effect of potassium is shown in Figures 55 and 56. Fig. 55 shows a schematic diagram of the 4s and 5p energy level changes according to the electric field. Figure 56 shows Τ 5ρ²Ρ1/2. 3/2-4s²The change curve of the deviation of the S1/2 transition wavenumber from the zero field position to the square of the electric field. Pay attention to the frequency split or frequency separation (ie the deviation from the zero field wave number) as the square of the electric field strength (v/cm)²Variety.

[0622] The mechanism of the intramolecular Stark effect is simpler than the intraatomic effect. Most molecules already have electric dipole motion (that is, a tiny unbalanced charge distribution). The external electric field simply interacts with the electric dipole motion already in the molecule. The type of interaction, namely the first-order and second-order Stark effect, is also different for molecules of different shapes. For example, most symmetric top molecules have the first-order Stark effect. Asymmetric rotating bodies usually have a second-order Stark effect. Therefore, as in atoms, the frequency splitting or separation caused by external electric fields in molecules is either proportional to the electric field strength itself or to the square of the electric field strength.

[0623] FIG. 57 shows an example, which illustrates CH₃How does the frequency component of the rotation transition of C1 molecule J = 0 - 1 respond to the external magnetic field? When the electric field is very small (such as less than 10E²esu²/cm²), the main effect is that the three rotating frequencies are shifted to higher frequencies. When the field strength increases (e.g. at 10-20E²esu²/cm²), the three rotating frequencies are split into five different frequencies. With the continuous change of the electric field strength, these five frequencies continue to shift to even higher frequencies. Some spacings or differences between the five frequencies remain unchanged regardless of the change in electric field strength, but other spacings gradually become larger and higher. Therefore, the frequency of heterodyne action can excite the splitting frequency under one electric field intensity but not under another electric field intensity.

[0624] An example of another molecule is shown in Figure 58. (This is the Stark effect diagram for the same OCS molecule J = 1-2 shown in Figure 44). Figure 58 shows the rotational transition frequency of J = 1-2 centered on the zero point on the horizontal frequency axis. The frequency centered at the zero point is a single frequency without an external electric field. But when an electric field is applied, the single rotational frequency splits into two. The stronger the electric field, the wider the split between the two frequencies. One of the new frequencies is shifted higher and higher, while the other frequency is shifted lower and lower. Because the difference between the two frequencies changes with the intensity of the electric field, the splitting frequency of the heterodyne effect can excite the rotational energy level in one field strength but not in the other. Electricity

The field can affect the spectral frequency of the reaction participants, and affect the spectrochemistry of the reaction.

[0625] The broadening and shifting of spectral lines also occurs with the intramolecular Stark effect. When the electric field from surrounding atoms, ions or molecules affects the spectral emission of the studied species, the intramolecular Stark effect is produced. In other words, the external electric field comes from other atoms or molecules instead of direct current or alternating current. Other atoms or molecules are in constant motion, and therefore their electric fields are inhomogeneous in space and time. It is not that the frequency is split into a few narrow frequencies that are easy to observe, but the original frequency simply becomes wider, encompassing most, and may not be the position occupied by all the split frequencies (that is, widening). Solvents, carriers, poisons, additives, etc. are composed of atoms and molecules and their components. It should now be understood that many of their effects are the result of the intramolecular Stark effect.

[0626] The above examples show how the electric field splits and shifts, and how the spectral frequency of matter is broadened. But the intensity of the spectral lines is also affected. Some of their intensity changes are shown in Figures 59a and 59b. Figure 59a shows the spectral pattern of the Stark component of the rotational transition J = 4-5 transition of the asymmetric gyro molecule; and Figure 59b corresponds to J = 4-4. The intensity varies depending on the rotational transition, molecular structure, etc. and the intensity of the electric field.

[0627] The interesting Stark effect appears in, for example, molecular structures with ultrafine (rotational) frequencies. The general principle of generating ultra-fine frequencies is the interaction between electrons and atomic nuclei to generate ultra-fine frequencies. The interaction can be affected by external electric fields. If the applied external electric field is weak, then the Stark energy is much smaller than the energy of the hyperfine energy (ie, rotational energy). The hyperfine spectral line splits into different new spectral lines, and the separation (ie, splitting) between the spectral lines is very small (that is, radio wave frequencies and particularly low frequencies).

[0628] If the external electric field is strong, the Stark energy is much larger than the hyperfine energy, and the molecules sometimes vigorously oscillate back and forth near the electric field. In this case, the hyperfine structure is completely changed. It almost seems that there is no longer any hyperfine structure. The Stark splitting is basically the same as it would have been observed if there was no hyperfine frequency, and the hyperfine frequency simply plays a small perturbation effect on the Stark splitting frequency.

[0629] If the external electric field strength is moderate, then the Stark and hyperfine energies are basically equal. In this case, the calculation becomes very complicated. Generally speaking, the Stark splitting is very close to the same frequency as the hyperfine splitting, but the relative strength of different components can change rapidly with small changes in the strength of the external electric field. Therefore, under one electric field intensity, one split frequency dominates, and when the electric field intensity is only 1% higher, the completely different Stark frequency can dominate in intensity.

[0630] All the above discussion of the Stark effect has focused on effects due to electrostatic fields, such as effects due to direct current. The Stark effect of dynamic fields or the time-varying electric field produced by alternating current is very interesting and can be completely different. Those effects that occur depend on the frequency of the electric field (ie, alternating current) that is comparable to the frequency of the substance in question. If the electric field changes very slowly, such as using a 60Hz wall-mounted power outlet, then a normal or electrostatic type electric field effect will occur. When the electric field changes from zero to the maximum field strength, the frequency of matter changes from the frequency at which they are not split to the frequency at which they split the most at the rate of change of the electric field. Therefore, the frequency of the electric field can adjust the frequency of the splitting phenomenon.

[0631] However, as the frequency of the electric field increases, the first measurement of frequency that starts as soon as possible is the spectral line width (see the schematic diagram of the spectral line width in Figure 16). The line width of a curve is the distance it traverses, and this measurement is actually a very tiny heterodyne frequency measurement from one side of the curve to the other. The line width frequency at room temperature is typically about 100 KHζ. From an application point of view, the line width represents the relaxation time of the molecule, where the relaxation time is the time required for any transient phenomena to disappear. Therefore, if the electrical frequency is significantly smaller than the linewidth frequency, then the molecules have enough time to adjust to the slow change of the electric field, and a normal or static Stark effect occurs.

[0632] If the electric frequency is slightly smaller than the frequency of the line width, then the molecule changes its frequency so that it is basically in harmony with the electric field frequency (that is, it contains the electric field frequency). It is shown in Figure 60, which shows the OCS at various frequencies with an applied electric field.

The Stark effect of J = 1-2 transition. The letter "a" corresponds to the Stark effect with a static DC electric field; "b" corresponds to the broadening and blurring of the Stark frequency with a ΙΚΗζ electric field; "c" corresponds to the normal Stark with a 1,200KHz electric field effect. When the frequency of the electric field is close to the range of the KHz line width, the Stark curve changes their frequency with the frequency of the electric field, and becomes wider and a little fuzzy. When the electric field frequency shifts upward to exceed the line width by about 1,200KHz, the normal Stark-type curve becomes curled and easy to distinguish. In many ways, the molecules cannot be consistent with the rapid electric field changes and simply average the Stark effect. In the above three cases, the periodic splitting of the Stark frequency can be adjusted by the electric field frequency or its first harmonic (ie, 2X the electric field frequency).

[0633] The next frequency measurement that should be done quickly when the intramolecular electrical frequency continues to increase is the transition frequency between the two rotational energy levels (ie, the hyperfine frequency). When the frequency of the electric field is close to the transition frequency between the two energy levels, the radiation of the intra-molecular transition frequency will cause the back and forth transition between the energy levels. The molecule oscillates back and forth between the two energy levels at the frequency of the electric field. When the frequency of the electric field and the transition energy level are basically the same (that is, at resonance), the molecule will oscillate back and forth at the two energy levels, and the spectral lines of the two energy levels appear at the same time and have roughly the same intensity. Usually there is only one frequency at a time, but the resonant electric field will cause the molecule to appear at two energy levels at substantially the same time, so there are two transition frequencies appearing in its spectral pattern.

[0634] Moreover, for sufficiently large electric fields (such as those used to generate plasma), the additional transition energy level frequencies can appear at regular intervals that are substantially equal to the electric field frequency. Similarly, when the electric field frequency is divided by an odd number (such as the electric field frequency "fE" divided by 3 or 5 or 7, that is, f_E/3 or f_E/5 etc.), the splitting of the transition energy level frequency can occur. [0635] The different effects of all electric fields cause new frequencies, new split frequencies, and new energy level states.

[0636] Further, when the frequency of the electric field is equal to, for example, the transition energy level frequency of an atom or molecule, a second component having an opposite frequency load and equal intensity can be formed. This is the negative Stark effect, which destructively cancels out the two components with equal and opposite frequency loads. From a spectrochemical point of view, if such a targeted transition is important to the reaction path, it is equivalent to a negative catalyst or poison in the reaction system. Therefore, the electric field causes the Stark effect, which is the splitting, displacement, broadening or intensity change and transition state change of the spectral frequency of matter (such as atoms and molecules). Like many other mechanisms discussed in the present invention, changes in the spectral frequency of the reaction system can affect the reaction speed and/or the reaction path. For example, consider a reaction system like the following:

[0637]

CC

A + Β - I Shenjian body - D + F

[0638] where A and B are reactants, C is a physical catalyst, I represents an intermediate, and D and F are products.

[0639] Assuming an argument is that the reaction usually only progresses at a moderate speed, in fact it seems that the physical catalyst generates a few frequencies that are only close to the intermediate harmonics. It is further assumed that when the electric field increases, the catalyst frequency will shift so that several frequencies of the catalyst are now accurate or substantially accurate intermediate harmonics. This causes, for example, the reaction to proceed catalyzed at a faster rate. Therefore, applying the Stark effect can obtain more effective energy transfer through frequency matching (that is, energy transfer when the frequency is matched).

[0640] If the reaction usually only proceeds at a moderate rate, many "solutions" include placing the reaction system under extremely high pressure. High pressure leads to a broadening of the spectral pattern, which can improve energy transfer by matching the resonance frequency. By understanding the basis of the catalyst's mechanism of action, high-voltage systems can be replaced by simple electrical fields that can generate broadening, for example. Not only is it less costly for industrial manufacturers, but it is also safer for operations that are removed from, for example, high-voltage equipment during manufacturing.

[0641] It is impossible for some reactants to react quickly when mixed together, but the reaction is quite rapid when an electric field is added. The prior art may say that such a reaction is catalyzed by the action of an electric field, and its equation is as follows:

[0642]&gt; E

A + B&gt;D + F and A + B-&gt;D + F

[0643] where E is the electric field. In this case, it is not the application of the catalyst "C" (as above) to obtain the product "D+F", but the application of the electric field "Ε". In this case, the electric field acts by changing the spectral frequency (or spectral pattern) of one or more components in the reaction system, so that the frequency can resonate and the reaction can proceed along the required reaction path (ie when Energy is transferred when the frequency is matched). Understood in this way, the electric field becomes another tool for changing the spectral frequencies of atoms and molecules, thus affecting the speed of reactions in spectrochemistry.

[0644] The reaction path is also very important. In the absence of an electric field, a set of products are obtained after proceeding along the reaction path:

[0645]

CC

A + Β -I Shen Jian body - D + F

[0646] However, if an electric field of a specific intensity is added, the spectral frequency changes so greatly at certain specific field strengths to provide energy for different intermediates and make the reaction proceed along different reaction paths:

[0647]

CC

A + B f I Intermediate-G + H

Ε Ε

[0648] This is similar to the concept discussed earlier in the present invention, taking into account the formation of different products depending on temperature changes. Changes in temperature cause changes in spectral frequency, so different temperatures are beneficial to different reaction paths. The same electric field causes changes in the spectral frequency, so different electric fields are beneficial to different reaction paths. By adjusting the electric field for a specific reaction system, not only the reaction speed can be controlled but also the reaction products produced can be controlled.

[0649] The ability to adjust the reaction with or without a physical catalyst by changing the intensity of the electric field is useful in many production situations. For example, it may be more cost-effective to construct a reaction system with only one set of physical devices, so that one or more electric fields can be used to change the reaction kinetics and products according to the desired products. This saves the cost of owning a separate physical device to produce each group of compounds.

[0650] In addition to changing the intensity of the electric field, the frequency of the electric field can also be changed. It is assumed that the reaction will proceed at a very fast speed after the introduction of a specific intensity of electrostatic field (ie direct current), as shown in the following formula:

[0651]

CC

A + Β - I Shenjian body - D + F

Ε Ε

[0652] But it is further assumed that, due to the design and positioning of the reactor, it is easy to use alternating current to transmit an electric field that changes with time. Very low frequency fields such as 60 Hz electricity from a wall socket can produce a normal or static Stark effect. Therefore, the reactor can adapt to a 60 Hz electric field and has the same increase in reaction speed that occurs in the presence of an electrostatic field.

[0653] If some physical catalysts produce spectral frequencies close to the intermediate frequency, but not exactly the same, the past

The activity of the physical catalyst can be improved by using a higher temperature. As mentioned above, the higher temperature actually broadens the spectral pattern of the physical catalyst, causing the frequency of the physical catalyst to at least partially match the at least one intermediate. What is important here is that the high-temperature boiler can be minimized, or eliminated at all, and replaced by, for example, a medium-frequency electric field that can broaden the spectral frequency. For example, a frequency of about 100 KHz, which is equivalent to the frequency of a typical spectral line width at room temperature, can broaden substantially all spectral curves and cause the physical catalyst spectral curves to match those of the desired intermediate, for example. Therefore, the electric field can cause the substance to behave as if the temperature has risen, but it does not actually happen. Similarly, any manipulation of the spectrum (such as electric field, sound field, heterodyne, etc.) that can cause a change in the width of the spectral line can cause a substance to behave as if its temperature has changed).

[0654] The periodic splitting of the Stark frequency can be adjusted by the electric field frequency or its first harmonic (that is, the electric field frequency is used to adjust the first-order Stark effect, and twice the electric field frequency is used to adjust the second-order Stark effect) . It is assumed that a metal clamp catalyst is used in the hydrogen reaction, and it is desired to excite the hyperfine frequency of 2.7 MHz of hydrogen atoms. The present invention has been disclosed before: electromagnetic radiation can be used to transmit 2. 7MHz frequency. However, an alternating current electric field of 2.7 MHz can also be used instead. Since the clamp is metal and has good electrical conductivity, the clamp is considered to be part of an alternating current circuit. The clamp shows the Stark effect with all frequencies split at the frequency of 2.7 MHz. When in a sufficiently strong electric field, additional transition frequencies or "sidebands" with the same regular spacing as the electric field frequency will be generated. There are many splitting frequencies of 2.7 MHz heterodyne in the clamp atom. This large amount of heterodyne output can excite hydrogen at an ultra-fine frequency of 2.7 MHz and guide the reaction.

[0655] Another way to achieve the reaction is of course to completely remove the clamp from the reaction. 2. A 7MHz field will produce a resonant Stark effect on hydrogen, which is separated from the clamp catalyst and has nothing to do with it. Copper usually has no catalytic effect on hydrogen, but copper can be used to build a reactor like a Stark waveguide to provide energy to hydrogen. A Stark waveguide is used to generate a Stark spectrum. It is shown in Figures 61a and 61b. Specifically, Figure 61a shows the construction of the Stark waveguide, and Figure 61b shows the field distribution in the Stark waveguide. The electric field is transmitted through the conductive metal plate. The production of the reactor can facilitate the direct gas flow, and use economic metals such as copper as the conductive metal plate. When an alternating current of 2.7 MHz is transmitted through an electrically connected copper conductor plate, the copper spectral frequency that does not have a specific frequency that resonates with hydrogen shows the Stark effect of normal type splitting. The Stark frequency is split at a frequency of 2.7 MHz. When the strength of the electric field is strong enough, additional sidebands with a neat spacing of 2.7 MHz (that is, heterodyne) appear in the copper, although the actual frequency of copper does not match the frequency of hydrogen, Stark splitting or heterodyne will Match the hydrogen frequency. Many of the splitting frequencies of copper can indirectly resonate with the hyperfine frequencies of hydrogen, and guide the reaction (that is, when the frequencies match, energy is transferred).

[0656] With complex equipment and a good understanding of specific systems, Stark resonance can be used with transition level frequencies. For example, suppose that in order to obtain a specific reaction pathway, a transition energy level of 500 MHz is required to excite the molecule. By passing a 500MHz electric field to the molecule, this resonant electric field can cause the molecule to oscillate back and forth at a frequency of 500MHz between the two energy levels. The use of electricity in this way creates conditions for optical amplification (that is, by exciting the higher energy levels of the multiple states of the laser) and any added electromagnetic radiation of this frequency will be amplified by the molecules. In this way, the electric field can replace the laser effect of the physical catalyst.

[0657] In a word, by understanding the basis of the chemical reaction mechanism of spectroscopy, electric field is another tool that can be applied so far, which is achieved by changing at least one participant and/or one or more components in the reaction system. Spectral characteristics catalyze and change those chemical reactions and/or reaction paths. In this way, another tool can be used to simulate the reaction mechanism of the catalyst.

[0658] Magnetic Field

[0659] From the viewpoint of spectroscopy, magnetic fields behave like electric fields in terms of their effects. Specifically, for example, the spectral frequency lines of atoms or molecules can be split and shifted by a magnetic field. In this case, from outside the atom or molecule

Part of the external magnetic field interacts with the electric and magnetic fields already in the atoms or molecules.

[0660] To commemorate its discoverer, Dutch physicist Pieter Zeeman, the effect of external magnetic fields on the spectral lines is called the "Zeman" effect. In 1896, Zeeman discovered that the "D" line of the sodium yellow flame spectrum broadened when the flame was placed between strong magnetic poles. It was later discovered that in fact the apparent broadening of the sodium spectral lines was due to their splitting and displacement. Zeeman's original observations have developed into an independent branch of spectroscopy, involving the study of atoms and molecules by measuring the changes in their spectral lines caused by magnetic fields. This in turn developed into nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology used in medicine, and laser magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance spectroscopy technology used in physics and chemistry.

[0661] The Zeeman effect of the famous sodium "D" line is shown in FIGS. 62a and 63b. Fig. 62a shows the Zeeman effect of the sodium "D" line; and Fig. 62b shows the schematic diagram of the energy level transition in the Zeeman effect of the sodium "D" line. The "D" spectral line is generally considered to be caused by the transition between 3 in the P and 3s?S electron orbitals. As shown above, each single spectral frequency is split into two or more slightly different frequencies centered on the original unsplit frequency.

[0662] In the Zeeman effect, the amount by which the spectral frequency is split depends on the strength of the applied magnetic field. Figure 63 shows the Zeeman splitting effect of oxygen atoms as a function of the magnetic field. When there is no magnetic field, there are two single frequencies at 0 and 4.8. In a low-intensity magnetic field (such as 0.2 Tesla), the original two frequencies are only slightly split and shifted. But when the magnetic field increases, the frequency splits and shifts farther and farther.

[0663] The degree of splitting and displacement in the Zeeman effect depends on the strength of the magnetic field.³The P state is shown in Figure 64.

[0664] Compared with the Stark effect produced by an external electric field, the Zeeman effect produced by an external magnetic field is slightly different, depending on whether a magnetic field is applied to atoms or molecules. The influence of Zeeman effect on atoms can be divided into three different magnetic field strengths: weak, medium and strong. If the magnetic field strength is very weak, the amount of shift and splitting of the spectral frequency will be small. A shift away from the original spectral frequency will still excite the shifted frequency. This is because they are so close to the original spectral frequency that they can still be well within the range of their resonance curve. The split is so small that it is even smaller than the normal hyperfine split. This means that in a weak magnetic field, there is only a small split of the spectral frequency, which is transformed into a very low split frequency, which is located in the lower region of the radio spectrum up to the very low frequency region. For example, the Zeeman splitting frequency of hydrogen atoms, which is caused by the geomagnetic field, is about 30KHz. Larger atoms have even lower frequencies, which are located in the lower kilohertz or even hertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0665] In the absence of a magnetic field, atoms can be excited by the following methods: using a method of direct resonance with the spectral frequency or by using their fine splitting frequency or hyperfine splitting frequency in the infrared to microwave or microwave to radio wave region, respectively. Only by applying a weak magnetic field, atoms can be excited by even lower radio waves or very low frequencies that match the Zeeman splitting frequency. Therefore, by simply using a weak magnetic field, the spectrum catalyst range can be extended to even lower radio wave frequency ranges. The weak magnetic field from the earth causes the Zeeman split in hertz or kilohertz in the atom. This means that by applying a geomagnetic field, all atoms, including those in living organisms, are sensitive to Hertz and kilohertz EM frequencies.

[0666] The other end of the magnetic field strength is a very strong magnetic field. In this case, the mutual splitting and shifting of spectral frequencies will be very wide. With such a wide frequency shift, the difference between the splitting frequencies is much larger than the difference between the hyperfine splitting frequencies. In this way, after the Zeeman effect splitting frequency, it is in a higher frequency position than the hyperfine splitting frequency. This split occurs near the microwave area. Although the addition of a strong magnetic field does not extend to one or the other extreme of the electromagnetic spectrum like a weak magnetic field, it can still provide several more potential spectral catalyst frequencies for use in the microwave region as options.

[0667] The situation of medium magnetic field strength is more complicated. The displacement and splitting caused by the Zeeman effect from a medium magnetic field are almost equal to the hyperfine splitting. Although it has never been discussed extensively in the prior art, the application of a moderate magnetic field to atoms to produce

The Zeeman split, which is basically the same as its hyperfine split, is possible. This presents an interesting possibility. The method of guiding the atoms in the chemical reaction by exciting the atoms with the hyperfine splitting frequency has been previously disclosed. The Zeeman effect provides a way to achieve similar effects without introducing any spectral frequencies at all. For example, by introducing a moderate magnetic field, resonance can be established within the atom itself, which can excite the atom and/or provide energy to the atom and/or stabilize the atom.

[0668] A medium magnetic field causes low-frequency Zeeman splitting, which matches the low-frequency hyperfine splitting frequency within the atom and thus provides energy to it. But the low hyperfine splitting frequency actually corresponds to the heterodyne difference between the two vibration frequencies or the fine structure frequency. When the hyperfine splitting frequency is excited, the two electronic frequencies are finally excited. This in turn causes, for example, atoms to be excited. Therefore, the Zeeman effect allows the spectral energy catalyst to excite the atom by applying an accurate magnetic field strength to that atom, and there is no need to use the spectral EM frequency (that is, as long as the frequencies match, energy will be transferred). This possibility is very interesting because an inert reaction system can suddenly become lively when using a moderately strong magnetic field.

[0669] There is also a difference between the "normal" Zeeman effect and the "abnormal" Zeeman effect. For the "normal" Zeeman effect, one spectral frequency is split by the magnetic field into three frequencies with the desired neat spacing between them (see Figure 65a which shows the "normal" Zeeman effect, and Figure 65b shows the "abnormal" "The Zeeman effect). One of the new split frequencies is above the original frequency, and the other new split frequencies are below the original frequency. After the two new frequencies are split, the distance from the original frequency is equal. Therefore, the difference between the higher and original frequencies and the difference between the lower and original frequencies is approximately equal. This means that according to the difference of heterodyne, there are at most two new heterodyne with normal Zeeman effect. The first heterodyne or split difference is the difference between one of the new split frequencies and the original frequency. Another split difference is the difference between the higher and lower new split frequencies. Of course it is twice the frequency difference between the higher or lower frequency and the original frequency.

[0670] In many cases, the Zeeman splitting generated by the magnetic field can cause more than three frequencies or splitting spacing to be different from what is expected. This is called the "abnormal" Zeeman effect (see Figures 65 and 66; where Figure 66 shows the abnormal Zeeman effect of zinc 3p-3s).

[0671] If there are still only three frequencies, and the Zeeman effect is abnormal because the distance is different than expected, this situation is similar to the normal Zeeman effect. But there are up to two new split frequencies that can be used. However, if the effect is abnormal because there are more than three frequencies, there will be more changes. Assume a simple situation in which there are four Zeeman splitting frequencies (see Figures 67a and 67b). Figure 67a shows four Zeeman splitting frequencies and Figure 67b shows four new heterodyne effects.

[0672] In the case of abnormal Zeeman splitting, there are a total of four frequencies, of which only one frequency exists at one time. For simplicity, the new Zeeman frequencies are labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. Frequency 3 and 4 are also split by the same difference "w". Therefore "w" is the split frequency of a heterodyne effect. Frequency 2 and 3 are also split by different amounts "X". So far there are two heterodyne splitting frequencies as in the normal Zeeman effect.

[0673] But frequencies 1 and 3 are split by a third quantity "y", where "y" is the sum of "w" and "X". And frequencies 2 and 4 are also split by the same third quantity "y". Finally, frequencies 1 and 4 are split even further by the quantity "ζ". Once again, "ζ" is the sum of "w+x+w". Therefore, the result is that the frequencies of the four heterodyne effects are in the abnormal Zeeman effect: w, X, y, zo [0674] If there are six frequencies in the abnormal Zeeman effect, then there will be even more external frequencies. Poor function. Therefore, when compared with the normal Zeeman effect, the abnormal Zeeman effect has much greater flexibility in frequency selection. In the normal Zeeman effect, the original frequency is split into three evenly spaced frequencies, with only two heterodyne frequencies in total. In the abnormal Zeeman effect, the original frequency is split into four or more unevenly spaced frequencies, with at least four or more heterodyne frequencies.

[0675] The Zeeman effect of molecules will now be discussed. Molecules can be divided into three basic types: ferromagnetic; paramagnetic; and diamagnetic. Ferromagnetic molecules are typical magnets. This material typically has a strong magnetic field and is composed of magnetic elements such as iron, cobalt, and nickel.

[0676] Paramagnetic molecules have only weak magnetic fields. If a paramagnetic material is placed in an external magnetic field, the magnetic moments of the material molecules line up in the same direction as the external magnetic field. The magnetic moment of a molecule is the direction when it is loaded by the molecule's own magnetic field. Specifically, the magnetic moment of the molecule will tend to the heavier side of the molecule according to its own magnetic field. Therefore, paramagnetic molecules generally tend to be in the same direction as the externally applied magnetic field. Because paramagnetic materials are aligned in rows with the external magnetic field, they are also weakly attracted by the source magnetic field.

[0677] Generally paramagnetic elements include oxygen, aluminum, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Stable molecules such as oxygen (0J and nitric oxide (N0) are also paramagnetic. Molecular oxygen makes up about 20% of our planets atmosphere. Two kinds of molecules play an important role in living organisms. In addition, unstable molecules are often called It is free radicals, chemical reaction intermediates or plasma, and is also paramagnetic. Paramagnetic ions include hydrogen, manganese, lo, iron, cobalt and nickel. Many paramagnetic substances exist in biological organisms. For example, those flowing in our blood vessels Blood is an ionic solution that includes red blood cells. Red blood cells include hemoglobin, which in turn contains ionized iron. Hemoglobin, and therefore red blood cells are paramagnetic. In addition, hydrogen ions are present in many organic compounds and reactions. For example, in the stomach Hydrochloric acid contains hydrogen ions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy system of almost all living organisms, requires hydrogen and manganese ions to function properly. Therefore, the existence of life itself depends on paramagnetic substances.

[0678] On the other hand, diamagnetic molecules are repelled by a magnetic field, and the extremely small magnetic moment they are arranged in is also separated from the direction of the external magnetic field. Diamagnetic substances generally do not have a magnetic field. Examples of diamagnetic elements include hydrogen, ammonia, atmosphere, nitrogen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorine, copper, zinc, silver, gold, lead, and mercury. Diamagnetic molecules include water, most gases, organic compounds, and salts such as sodium chloride. Salt is actually only a crystal of diamagnetic ions. Diamagnetic ions include lithium, sodium, potassium, sodium, cone, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, saddle and sulfate. Ionic crystals are usually easy to dissolve in water, so that aqueous ionic solutions are also diamagnetic. Biological organisms are full of diamagnetic substances because they are life forms based on carbon. In addition, the blood flowing in our blood vessels is an ionic solution containing blood cells. The ion solution (ie, plasma) is composed of water molecules, sodium ions, potassium ions, chloride ions, and organic protein compounds. Therefore our blood is a diamagnetic solution loaded with paramagnetic blood cells.

[0679] Regarding the Zeeman effect, first consider the case of paramagnetic molecules. For atoms, the effect can be classified based on the strength of the magnetic field. If the external magnetic field applied to the paramagnetic molecules is weak, the Zeeman effect will produce splits with the same interval energy level. In most cases, the amount of splitting is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, which is a "first order" effect. The general approximate calculation method is that a magnetic field of 1 Oersted (that is, slightly larger than the earth's magnetic field) will produce a Zeeman split of about 1.4 MHz in the paramagnetic molecule. A weaker magnetic field produces narrower splits at lower frequencies. Stronger magnetic fields produce wider splits at higher frequencies. In these first-order Zeeman effects, there is usually only splitting, and there is no original or center frequency shift like in the atomic Zeeman effect.

[0680] There are also second-order effects in many paramagnetic molecules, where the Zeeman split is proportional to the square of the magnetic field strength. In these cases, the frequency of splitting is very small and very low. Except for splitting, the original or center frequency is similar to its displacement in the atom and is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.

[0681] Sometimes there is a gap between the direction of the magnetic field and its related molecular orientation. For example, the π frequency is associated with the magnetic field parallel to the direction of the exciting electromagnetic field, and the σ frequency is associated with the magnetic field perpendicular to the exciting electromagnetic field. Two frequencies, π and σ, appear in the cyclically polarized magnetic field. The typical Zeeman splitting spectra of paramagnetic molecules in two different transitions are shown in Figure 68a and 68b. When AM = 0, the frequency of η appears and is higher than the long horizontal line. When AM = ±1, ο frequency appears and is lower than the long horizontal line, if the paramagnetic molecule is placed in a weak magnetic field, the cyclically polarized light will excite two sets of frequencies in the molecule. Therefore, by controlling its orientation relative to the magnetic field, it is possible to control which set of frequencies is excited in the molecule.

[0682] When the magnetic field strength is moderate, the interaction between the magnetic moment of the paramagnetic molecule and the externally applied magnetic field produces a Zeeman effect equivalent to other frequencies and energies in the molecule. For example, Zeeman splitting can be close to the frequency of rotation and can interfere with the rotation of one end of the molecule to the other end. Zeeman splitting and energy can be specific or large enough to decouple the molecular spin from its molecular axis.

[0683] If the magnetic field is very strong, the nuclear magnetic moment spin will separate from the molecular angular momentum. In this case, the Zeeman effect exceeds the hyperfine structure and has higher energy at very high frequencies. In the molecular spectrum where a strong magnetic field is applied, the hyperfine splitting appears as a small perturbation of the Zeeman effect.

[0684] Consider again the Zeeman effect in so-called "ordinary molecules" or diamagnetic molecules. Most of the molecules are diamagnetic types, so they are named "ordinary". It certainly includes most of the organic molecules in biological organisms. Diamagnetic molecules have a rotating magnetic moment from the rotation of a positively charged nucleus, and the nuclear magnetic moment is only about 1/1000° of that of paramagnetic molecules. This means that the energy from Zeeman splitting in diamagnetic molecules is greater than that from paramagnetic molecules. The energy of split is much smaller. The equation of Zeeman energy in diamagnetic molecules is:

[0685] Hz =-(gjJ = g]D. β Η_ο

[0686] where J is the molecular rotational angular momentum, I is the nuclear spin angular momentum, gj is the rotational g factor, and gi is the nuclear spin g factor. The energy of the Zeeman effect is much smaller than the paramagnetic Zeeman energy and the frequency is much lower. From the point of view of frequency, it falls in the Hertz and kilohertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0687] Finally, consider the significance of Zeeman splitting to catalysts and chemical reactions and to spectrochemistry. The weak magnetic field produces Zeeman splitting and second-order effects in the Hertz and kilohertz atoms within the paramagnetic molecule. In fact, any type of magnetic field will produce the Zeeman split between Hertz and kilohertz in diamagnetic molecules. Then all atoms and molecules will become sensitive to radio waves and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves. Atoms and molecules absorb radio wave or VLF energy and excite to a higher or lower degree. Use it to apply spectral energy to specific molecules or intermediates in chemical reactions, for example. For example, hydrogen and oxygen are converted into water on the clamp catalyst, and hydrogen atom radicals are important to maintain the reaction. Under the earth's weak magnetic field, the Zeeman splitting of hydrogen is about 30KHZo. Therefore, the hydrogen atoms in the reaction system can be supplied with energy by applying a hydrogen Zeeman splitting frequency (such as 30KHZ) to them. Providing energy to the hydrogen atom in the reaction system replicates the mechanism of action of the clamp and thus catalyzes the reaction. If the reaction is carried out in outer space far away from the weak magnetic field of the earth, hydrogen no longer has the Zeeman splitting frequency of 30KHZ, so 30KHz can no longer effectively catalyze the reaction.

[0688] Most matter on this planet, due to its existence in the weak Earths magnetic field, will show Zeeman splits in the Hertz and KHz regions. This is the same for organisms and organisms, as well as inorganic or inanimate materials. Humans are composed of many atoms, diamagnetic molecules, and paramagnetic molecules with secondary effects. These atoms and molecules all exist in the earths weak magnetic field. These atoms and molecules in humans have Zeeman splits in the Hertz and kilohertz regions because they are in the Earths magnetic field. The biochemical and biocatalytic processes in the human body are therefore sensitive to Hertz and kilohertz electromagnetic radiation, the fact that they are in the weak magnetic field of the earth. Because the Zeeman effect comes from the magnetic field of the planet, as long as humans continue to exist on this planet, they will experience the catalytic effect of the light energy spectrum from the Hertz and kilohertz EM waves. It is of great significance for low-frequency communication, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of chemical and biological reactions and diseases.

[0689] A strong magnetic field produces splits greater than hyperfine frequencies in the microwave and infrared regions of the EM spectrum in atoms and paramagnetic molecules. In the hydrogen/oxygen reaction, a strong magnetic field is added to the reaction system and MHz and/or GHz frequencies are transmitted to the reaction to provide energy for the suspect radicals and hydrogen reaction intermediates. If a physical clamp is used to catalyze the reaction, the application of a specific magnetic field strength causes the spectra of the clamp and the reaction intermediate to have such a frequency that it is split and shifted so as to match even more frequencies than without a magnetic field. In this way, by duplicating its mechanism of action (that is, causing more frequency matching

Therefore, more energy can be transferred), Zeeman splitting can be used to improve the efficiency of the physical catalyst.

[0690] A moderate magnetic field will produce Zeeman splitting in atoms and paramagnetic molecules at frequencies equivalent to hyperfine and rotational splitting frequencies. This means that energy can be supplied to the reaction system even without adding electromagnetic energy. Similarly, by placing the reaction system in a medium magnetic field that can generate Zeeman splitting equivalent to hyperfine or rotational splitting, the reaction can be promoted. For example, by using a magnetic field that can cause hyperfine or rotational splitting in hydrogen and oxygen gas, and can match the Zeeman splitting in hydrogen atoms and suspect radicals, it can provide energy to the intermediates of hydrogen and suspect radicals. Therefore, The reaction is carried out in a series of processes until water is produced. By using a suitably modulated medium magnetic field, in the absence of a physical catalyst clamp or a spectrocatalyst with clamps, the use of a magnetic field can transform the reactants into a catalyst for their own reaction. Although the magnetic field simply replicates the mechanism of action of the clamp, the reaction has the characteristic of being catalyzed only by the application of a magnetic field.

[0691] Finally, consider the direction of the magnetic field in relation to the molecular orientation. When the magnetic field is parallel to the excited electromagnetic field, the frequency is generated. When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the excited electromagnetic field, the frequency is generated. Suppose an industrial chemical reaction system uses the same (or similar) starting reactant, but the purpose is to be able to Prepare different desired products. By combining the use of magnetic field and spectral energy or physical catalysts, the reaction can be directed to produce one set of products or another set. For the first set of products, the excitation direction of the electromagnetic field is parallel to the direction of the magnetic field, resulting in a set of π The frequency can lead to the formation of the first set of products. In order to obtain different products, change the direction of the magnetic field so that it is perpendicular to the exciting electromagnetic field. This can generate a different σ frequency, which can provide energy for different reaction paths, and thus get different Products. Therefore, according to the present invention, magnetic field effects, Zeeman splitting, splitting and spectral energy catalysts can be used to fine-tune the specificity for many reaction systems.

[0692] In short, by understanding the spectroscopic mechanism basis of chemical reactions, and by modifying the spectral characteristics of at least one participant and/or at least one component in the reaction system, the magnetic field can be used as another way to catalyze and change those chemical reactions. tool.

[0693] The size, shape and composition of the reaction vessel

[0694] An important factor to consider when using spectrochemistry is the size, shape, and composition of the reaction vessel. The size and shape of the reaction vessel can affect the NOF of the vessel to various fluctuating energies (such as EM, sound, current, etc.). This in turn affects the kinetics of the reaction system. For example, a specific small semi-open reactor has an EM NOF of 1,420 MHz associated with a size of 25 cm. When the reaction with atomic hydrogen intermediates was reacted in this small experimental bench reactor, the reaction proceeded very quickly, partly due to the matching of the reactor and the hydrogen hyperfine splitting frequency (1, 420MHZ) ο which allowed the reactor and The hydrogen intermediate resonates, thus transferring energy to the intermediate and promoting the reaction to proceed along this path.

[0695] When the reaction is scaled up for industrial large-scale production, the reaction is carried out in a very large reactor having, for example, EM NOF 100 MHz. Since the reactor no longer resonates with the hydrogen intermediate, the reaction proceeds at a slower rate. This defect in a larger reactor can be compensated for by, for example, supplementing the reaction with 1,420 MHz radiation, thus restoring a faster reaction speed.

[0696] The same reactor composition plays a similar role in the dynamics of the reaction system. For example, a semi-open stainless steel reactor can generate a vibration frequency that resonates with the vibration frequency of the reactant, so for example, it can promote the dissociation of the reactant into a reactive intermediate. When scaling up the reaction for industrial production, it can be put into a ceramic-lined metal reactor, for example. The new reactor usually does not produce the vibration frequency of the reactants, and the reaction proceeds at a lower speed. Furthermore, such defects in the new reactor caused by its different composition can be compensated by either returning the reaction to the stainless steel vessel, or by supplementing, for example, the vibration frequency of the reactant to the ceramic-lined vessel.

[0697] It should be understood that all aspects of spectrochemistry discussed previously (endogenous and exogenous resonances, targeting, poisons, promoters, carriers, electric and magnetic fields, etc. for reaction system components, etc.) can be applied to reactions And any participants placed in it, for example. The reactor can be composed of materials (such as stainless steel, plastic, glass and/or ceramics, etc.), or can be

Volume (such as magnetic bottle, light collector, etc.). By dealing with intrinsic properties such as frequency, wave and/or field, a reactor can interact with other components and/or at least one participant of the reaction system. Similarly, collectors, ducts, etc., some of them can interact with the reaction system, but the reaction cannot actually occur in them, and some can interact with one or more components in the reaction system, and potentially positive or Affect these components negatively. Therefore, when talking about the reactor, it should be understood that all parts associated with it can also be included in the desired reaction.

Example

[0699] The present invention can be more clearly understood and better understood from the following specific examples.

Example 1

[0701] Substituting spectroscopic catalysts for physical catalysts in gas phase reactions

[0702] 2H₂+0₂ &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;Clamp Catalyst&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2H₂0

[0703] By adding H₂And 0₂The method of contact with the physical tongs (Pt) catalyst can produce water, but there is always a potentially dangerous explosion possibility. In this test, the physical clamp catalyst is replaced by a spectroscopic catalyst containing the spectral type of the physical clamp catalyst, which can resonate with hydrogen and the intermediate intermediates and transfer energy to it.

[0704] To prove that hydrogen and oxygen can be combined to form water using a spectroscopic catalyst, electrolysis of water was performed to provide a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen and oxygen starting gas. A three-necked bottle with two rubber stoppers on its outer neck, and each rubber stopper is equipped with a 4-inch-long clamp electrode wrapped in glass. The flask was filled with distilled water and a pinch of salt, and only the glass-encapsulated part of the electrode was exposed to the air, and the unencapsulated part of the electrode was completely under water. The middle neck is connected to a vacuum tube by a rubber stopper, which leads to an anhydrous calcium sulfate column (Drierite column) to remove any water from the gas product.

[0705] After all the gas in the system (to about 7000 mmHg) is removed by vacuum, a 12V power supply is used to connect to the two electrodes for electrolysis. After the start of electrolysis, a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen and oxygen gas is continuously produced. The gas passes through an anhydrous calcium sulfate column, and enters a sealed 1000ml round quartz flask through a vacuum tube connected to a positive and negative pressure gauge. A piece of filter paper containing a dry drill has been placed in the bottom of the sealed flask. At first the drill paper was blue, indicating that there was no water in the flask. A similar drill test paper is also blue when exposed to ambient air.

[0706] The traditional physical clamp catalyst was replaced by spectral catalyst clamp radiation from the Fisher Scientific Hollow Cathode Platinum Lamp. The Fisher Scientific Hollow Cathode Platinum Lamp was fixed to about 2 cm away from the flask. . This would allow the oxygen, hydrogen and gas in the round quartz flask to be irradiated with radiation from the spectroscopy catalyst. Cathodeon hollow cathode lamp power supply C610 can be used to power the clamp lamp with 80% of the maximum current (12mAmps). The reaction flask was cooled with dry ice placed in a styrofoam container close to the bottom of the round quartz flask to counteract any thermal effects from the Pt lamp. After turning on the Pt lamp to irradiate for 2 days, the obvious pink on the drill paper indicates that there is water in the round quartz flask. The test piece of drill paper exposed to the ambient air of the laboratory still retains the blue color. After 4 to 5 days, the pink area on the drill paper becomes brighter and larger. Once the Pt radiation is interrupted, the output 0 diffused out of the drill paper is absorbed by the anhydrous calcium sulfate column. After another 4 to 5 days, the pink color of the drilled paper in the quartz flask faded. The drill paper exposed to ambient air remained blue.

Example 2

[0708] Replacement of physical catalysts with spectroscopic catalysts in liquid phase reactions

[0709] H₂0₂ &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;Clamp Catalyst&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; H₂0+0₂

[0710] The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is extremely slow without a catalyst. Therefore, experiments were carried out to show that the finely divided physical catalyst clamp can be replaced by a spectral catalyst with a clamp spectral pattern. 3% hydrogen peroxide is put into a second-sealed quartz tube (the sealed quartz tube is composed of the following two parts: the lower part with an inner diameter of 17mm and a length of 150mm, so that it exceeds 10mm

The length is narrowed until the upper capillary part has an inner diameter of 2.0 mm and a capillary part with a length of 140 mm, which is manufactured by Photo Vac Laser quartz tube). The two quartz tubes are inverted in a 50ml beaker water tank filled with 40ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide and shielded from incident light (cardboard cylinder covered with aluminum foil). One of the light shielding tubes is used as a control background. The other shielded tube is placed under a Fischer Scientific Hollow Cathode Clamp (Pt) lamp powered by a Cathodeon Hollow Cathode Lamp Power Supply C610 at a maximum current of 80% (12mAmps). Several tests were performed under different storage times of 24 to 96 hours. Monitor the shielding tube for temperature increase (not here) to ensure that any reaction is not caused by thermal effects. In a typical experiment, a sealed tube containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was prepared as described above. The two tubes were shielded from light, and the Pt tube was irradiated with the clamp spectrum as described above for about 24 hours. The amount of gas generated in the measurement control background tube is about 4mm in the capillary section height (about 12.5 mm), and the amount of gas in the pt (tube B) is about 50mm (about 157mm)³). Therefore, the clamp spectrum catalyst increases the catalytic speed by about 12.5 times.

[0711] The tubes were then interchanged, tube A was in contact with the clamp spectroscopy catalyst for about 24 hours, and tube B was used as a control. Measuring the gas generated in the control (tube B), the capillary length is about 2mm (that is, about 6 g 3), and the amount of gas in the pt tube (tube A) is about 36 mm (that is, 113 mm).³), the difference in reaction speed is about 19 times.

[0712] As a negative control, it should be confirmed that any lamp cannot get the same result, and the test should be repeated with a 6mA (80% maximum current) sodium lamp. In traditional reactions, sodium is a reactant that reacts with water to release hydrogen, and is not a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The gas volume of the measurement control tube is about 4mm long in the capillary part (that is, about 12mni³), and the gas measuring the sodium tube is about 1mm long (that is, about 3mni³). This shows that although spectral radiation can replace catalysts, they cannot yet replace reactants. It also shows that the simple effect of using a hollow cathode tube to radiate heat and energy into hydrogen peroxide is not the cause of the bubble formation, on the contrary, it is the Pt spectrum that replaces the physical catalyst to cause the reaction.

Example 3

[0714] Substituting spectroscopic catalysts for physical catalysts in solid phase reactions

[07 It is well known that certain microorganisms have toxic reactions to silver and Ag. It is now understood through the present invention that the high-intensity spectral frequencies produced in the silver electronic spectrum match the ultraviolet frequencies that are lethal to bacteria (by generating free radicals and causing bacterial DNA damage) but harmless to mammalian cells. Therefore, it is theoretically believed that the application of silver in known medical and antibacterial applications is due to its spectral catalytic effect. At this point, a test was carried out to show that the spectral catalyst radiating silver spectra has a toxic or inhibitory effect on microorganisms.

[0716] By using a standard plating technique to cover the entire dish, two culture dishes (one is the control and the other is the silver) in the standard growth medium implanted and cultured bacteria. Each petri dish is placed at the bottom of the light-shielded cylindrical chamber. A paper plate with spectral channels covered with foil to shield light is covered on each culture plate. Insert a Fischer scientific hollow cathode silver (Ag) lamp through the upper part of the silver irradiation chamber, so that only the spectrum radiation spectrum pattern from the silver lamp radiates the bacteria on the Ag culture plate (that is, through the spectral pattern slot Tao). Use Cathodeon hollow cathode lamp power supply C610 to power the silver lamp with 80% of the maximum current (3.6mAmps). The control disc was not exposed to the radiation of the silver lamp and blocked ambient light. Both the control plate and the silver plate were kept at room temperature (for example, about 70-74° F) during the silver spectral radiation time, and the said time was in the range of about 12-24 hours in different experiments. Subsequently, the two plates were incubated for approximately 24 hours using standard techniques (37°C, aerobic Forma Scientific Model 3157, water jacketed incubator).

[0717] The following bacteria (obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of Mansfield People's Hospital in Ohio, USA) were used to study the effects of silver lamp spectral radiation:

[0718] 1. Escherichia coli;

[0719] 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae;

[0720] 3. Staphylococcus aureus;

[0721] 4. Salmonella typhi.

[0722] This group includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, as well as cocci and bacilli.

[0723] The results are as follows:

[0724] 1. Controls-all controls show full growth covering the culture plate;

[0725] 2. Silver Plate

[0726]-The region without exposure to the silver spectrum radiation spectrum pattern shows full growth.

[0727]-The area exposed to the silver spectrum radiation spectrum pattern shows:

[0728] a. Escherichia coli-no growth;

[0729] b. Streptococcus pneumoniae-no growth;

[0730] c. Staphylococcus aureus-no growth;

[0731] d. Salmonella typhi-inhibited growth.

Example 4

[0733] Substituting spectral catalysts for physical catalysts,

[0734] And compare its results with physical catalysts in biological preparation

[0735] In order to further show that specific susceptible organisms that have a toxic reaction to silver have similar reactions to the silver spectrum catalyst radiation spectrum, the Escherichia coli #25922 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), And Klebsiella pneuminia, subsp Pneumoniae# 13883 culture. The control and silver plate were cultured as described above. After incubation, observe with a binocular microscope. Escherichia coli showed moderate resistance to the bacterial effect of spectral silver radiation, while Klebsiella pneumoniae showed moderate sensitivity. All controls showed full growth.

[0736] Therefore, the following experiments show that the use of physical silver catalysts can obtain results similar to silver spectrum catalysts. The sterile test piece is immersed in 80 ppm silver solution. As mentioned earlier, the same two (2) organisms are plated again. The colloidal silver test piece was placed on each silver plate, but the control plate did not. The dish was incubated as described above and observed with a binocular microscope. Colloidal silver Escherichia coli showed moderate resistance to the bacterial effects of physical colloidal silver, while Klebsiella pneumoniae again showed moderate sensitivity. All controls showed full growth.

Example 5

[0738] Adding spectral catalyst to physical catalyst

[0739] In order to show that using a spectral catalyst added to a physical catalyst, hydrogen and oxygen can be combined to form water, as in Example 1, electrolysis of water was performed to provide the necessary starting gas of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0740] Two quartz flasks (A and B) are respectively connected to the anhydrous calcium sulfate column, and each flask has its own set of vacuum and pressure gauges. Add 3lmg of tongs powder to each flask. The flask is filled with stoichiometric Η produced by electrolysis.₂And 0₂Up to 120mm Hg_oThese flasks can be separated from the electrolysis system and each other by the stopcock. As the reaction proceeded in the presence of a physical clamp catalyst, the pressure in each flask was recorded as a function of time. The reaction combines 3 moles of gas (i.e. 2 moles of H₂And 1 mole 0₂) Produced two moles of H₂0o can monitor the decrease in the number of moles through the decrease of the pressure "P" (by the ideal gas law PV = nRT, which is proportional to the number of moles "η"), thereby monitoring the progress of the reaction. In this way, the original speed of the reaction is obtained. In addition, fill each flask with water. 2 to 220mm Hg to repeat the test. The reaction catalyzed only by the physical catalyst produced two original reaction curves which were exactly the same between flasks A and B, and the same was true for the 110mm Hg and 220mm Hg tests.

[0741] Next, the traditional physical clamp catalyst in flask A adds spectral catalyst clamp radiation, which is provided by two parallel Fischer scientific hollow cathode clamp lamps as in Example 1, which are installed at a distance from flask A. The position of about 2cm. The experiment was repeated as described above, with the two flasks separated from each other, and the rate of reaction was monitored by the pressure reduction in each flask. Flask B served as a control flask. Oxygen and hydrogen gas and physical catalyst in flask A are directly irradiated with radiation from the Pt lamp spectral catalyst.

[0742] The reaction speed of the control bottle B is in good agreement with the aforementioned original speed. The reaction speed of the clamp spectrum type "A" was added to the physical clamp catalyst in the flask, and the total average increase was 60%, compared with the original speed and the maximum increase of flask B was 70%.

Example 6

[0744] Replace physical catalysts with fine structure heterodyne frequency

[0745] And use fine structure frequency, α rotation-vibration constant instead of physical catalyst

[0746] As described above in the present invention, water can be electrolyzed to produce stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen and oxygen gas. In addition, put a dry ice-cooled stainless steel spiral tube next to the anhydrous calcium sulfate column behind it. After all the gases in the system are removed in a vacuum, a 12V power supply connected to the two electrodes is used for electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas. After passing the anhydrous calcium sulfate column, hydrogen and oxygen pass through the vacuum tube connected to the positive and negative pressure gauges, and then through the stainless steel spiral tube cooled by dry ice, and then into the 1000ml round quartz flask. A filter paper sheet impregnated with dry (blue) diamonds is placed on the bottom of the quartz flask as an indicator of the presence or absence of water.

[0747] The entire system was evacuated to a pressure of about 700 mm Hg below atmospheric pressure. Electrolysis is performed to produce stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen and oxygen gas, resulting in a pressure of about 220 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure. The center of the quartz flask containing oxyhydrogen gas was irradiated with continuous microwave electromagnetic wave radiation for about 12 hours. This radiation came from the HP microwave spectroscopy system including HP 83350B scanning oscillator, HP 8510B network analyzer and HP8513A reflection and transmission experimental device. The frequency used is 21.4 GHz, which corresponds to the fine splitting constant of the suspect base intermediate, the α rotation-vibration constant, so for the suspect base radical, it is a heterodyne of harmonic resonance. The sharp change in the color of the drill paper to pink indicates the presence of water in the quartz flask, which is produced by the catalysis of the harmonic resonance heterodyne frequency of the suspect radicals.

Example 7

[0749] Replace physical catalysts with hyperfine splitting frequency

[0750] Prepare a dark room for experiments in which there is no ambient light and can be completely darkened. Install a shielded background room inside the dark room (Ace Shielded Room, Ace, PhDiadelphia, PA, USA, Model A6H3-16; copper mesh 8 feet wide, 17 feet long, and 8 feet high).

[0751] 3% hydrogen peroxide was added to the sealed quartz tube, which was then inverted in a beaker containing 3% hydrogen peroxide, as described in more detail above. Keep the tube in a dark room covered with a non-metallic light blocking cover (so that it can enter the room without exposing the tube to light) for 18 hours. The original condition of the gas in the sealed tube is then measured.

[0752] Place three sealed RF tubes on the wooden grid workbench in the shielding room. The centers of grids 4, 54 and 127 correspond to the distances of about 107cm, 187cm and 312cm from the frequency transmitting antenna (copper The tube has a diameter of 15mm, an octagonal circumference of 4.7m, and a center frequency of about 6.5MHz (25W, 17MHz signal is sent to the antenna). This frequency corresponds to the hyperfine splitting frequency of hydrogen atoms, which is a transient form of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Continuously output pulses to the antenna through the 2005A type signal generator of BK Precision RF, and amplified by Amplifier Research amplifier Model 25A-100. Place the control tube on the wooden cart next to the shielded room in the dark room. All tubes are covered with non-metallic light blocking covers.

[0753] After about 18 hours, the gas generated from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the final oxygen formed in the sealed tube were measured. The RF tube close to the antenna generates gas with a capillary length of 11mm (34mm³), produced by a tube with a moderate distance from the antenna

The length of gas of 5mm (lOmn?), the RF tube farthest from the antenna does not produce gas. The control tube produced 1mm of gas. Therefore, it can be concluded that the RF hyperfine splitting frequency of hydrogen increases the reaction speed by about 5-10 times.

Example 8

[0755] Substituting a magnetic field for a physical catalyst

[0756] 15% hydrogen peroxide was added to the sealed quartz tube, which was then inverted in a beaker containing 15% hydrogen peroxide, as described above. Keep the tube on a wooden table with a shielded cage in a dark room for 4 hours. Then, measure the original condition of the gas in the sealed tube.

[0757] Two control tubes were kept in a shielding cage in a dark room and placed on a wooden table as a control. Place the two magnetic field tubes on the center platform of the 6402 ETS Hehmholtz single-axis coil, and output a 1.06 Gauss/Ampere pulse at about 83 Hz through a 4040 BK Precision 20MHz scanning/signal generator . The output voltage of the signal generator was adjusted to generate an alternating magnetic field of about 19.5 milligauss on the central platform of the Amholtz coil, which was measured by Holaday HI-3627 3-axis ELF magnetic field meter and probe. Hydrogen atoms, which are hydrogen peroxide decomposition transients, exhibit nuclear magnetic resonance through Zeeman splitting generated under the applied frequency and magnetic field strength. Therefore the frequency of the alternating magnetic field resonates with the hydrogen transient.

[0758] After about 18 hours, the gas produced from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the final oxygen formed in the sealed tube were measured. The control tube formed an average of 180mm of gas (540mm³), and the tube in contact with the alternating magnetic field produces about 810mm of gas (2,430mm³), as a result, the reaction speed increased by about 4 times.

Example 9

[0760] Negative Catalytic Reaction with Electric Field

[0761] As described in detail above of the present invention, 15% hydrogen peroxide was added to 4 sealed quartz tubes, which were inverted in a beaker containing 15% hydrogen peroxide. Place it on a wooden table in a shielded room in a dark room. After 4 hours, a measurement of the original condition of the gas in the capillary part of the tube was subsequently carried out.

[0762] Amplifier Research's self-contained electromagnetic model tube ("TEM"), model TC1510A, was placed in a darkened, shielded room. Through the 2005A type BK Precision RF signal generator and the 25A100 type Amplifier Research amplifier, a sine wave signal of about 133MHz is provided to the TEM tube. Adjust the output level on the signal generator and amplifier to generate an electric field (E-field) of about 5V/m in the center of the TEM tube, measured with the HI-4433GRE Holaday Industries electric field probe placed in the center of the lower chamber.

[0763] Two tubes filled with hydrogen peroxide were placed in the center of the chamber on the upper part of the TEM tube about 35 cm from the wall of the shielded chamber. The other two tubes were placed on a wooden table as a control, also about 35cm away from the same shielding wall of the darkroom, and moved away from the vicinity of the TEM tube so that there was no ambient magnetic field, which was confirmed by the E-electric field probe measurement.

[0764] The 133MHZ alternating sine wave signal transmitted to the TEM tube is just above the typical spectral line width frequency at room temperature (for example, about 100KHZ), and theoretically corresponds to the hydrogen atom η = 20 Rydberg state derived as follows Resonance: AE = c E4, where AE is the energy change expressed by cnT, c is 7.51+/-0.02 for the hydrogen state of η = 20, and Ε is (Kv/cm)²Represents the electric field strength.

[0765] After about 5 hours of contact with the electric field, the average amount of gas generated by the tube applying the E-field was about 17.5 mm, while the average amount of gas generated in the control tube was about 58 mm.

[0766] Although not wishing to be bound by any special theory or explanation, it is believed that the alternating electric field that resonates with higher energy levels in a hydrogen atom produces a negative Stark effect, and therefore is a negative catalytic reaction.

Example 10

[0768] Using Spectral Catalysts to Improve the Performance of Physical Catalysts by Radiation Reactants/Transients

[0769] As described in detail above of the present invention, a stoichiometric amount of oxyhydrogen gas is produced by electrolysis. The stainless steel spiral tube cooled with dry ice is placed next to the anhydrous calcium sulfate column. After the positive pressure and negative pressure gauges are connected to the spiral tube, then the 1000ml round quartz flask is sequentially connected to the second set of pressure gauges.

[0770] At the beginning of each test, the entire system was evacuated to a pressure of approximately minus 650 mmHg. Seal the system for about 15 minutes to make sure that the generated vacuum has been maintained and the integrity of the connection. Water is electrolyzed as described above to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas.

[0771] Initially, approximately 10 mg of finely divided forceps was placed in a round quartz flask. Let the reaction gas react on the clamp, and monitor the reaction speed by measuring the increase speed of the pressure drop over time as described above. The initial pressure is about a positive pressure in the middle of 90mni-100nini Hg, and the final pressure after the entire measurement time is about a little more than 30mm Hg. Two control experiments were performed, and the reaction speed was about 0.47 mm Hg/min and about 0.48 mm Hg/min.

[0772] In the third experiment, a single clamp lamp was used as described above, with the difference that the working current was reduced to about 8 mA, and the lamp was fixed through the center of the flask to only radiate the reactant/transient gas instead of the physical clamp catalyst. The catalytic reaction rate was measured as described above, and it was found to be about 0.63 mmHg/min, an increase of 34%.

Example 11

[0774] The reaction is obviously poisoned by the spectral pattern of the physical poison

[0775] In the presence of a physical catalyst immersed in the clamp, hydrogen and oxygen gas is converted into water, and gold is known to poison the reaction. The addition of gold in the clamp-catalyzed reaction reduces the reaction speed by about 95%. Gold blocks only about 1/6 of the bonding sites. According to the prior art, it is necessary to block such many bonding sites to poison the physical catalyst to such a degree. Therefore, theoretically, the spectroscopic interaction between the physical gold and the physical tongs and/or the reaction system is also the cause of the poisoning effect of gold on the reaction. Furthermore, in theory, adding gold spectra to reactions catalyzed by physical clamps can also poison the reaction.

[0776] As described in detail above, hydrogen and oxygen gas can be produced by hydrolysis. Approximately 15 mg of finely divided forceps was added to the round quartz flask. The initial pressure is about 90 mm Hg positive pressure, and the final pressure after the measurement time is about 20 mm Hg_oThe reaction rate is determined as described above.

[0777] The first control experiment showed that the reaction rate was about 0.81 mm Hg/min

[0778] In the second test, a Fischer hollow cathode gold lamp was used near the center of the circular flask as described above, and the operating frequency was about 8 mA, (80% of the maximum current). The reaction speed increased to about 0.87mm Hg/min_o

[0779] The third experiment was then carried out in the same reaction flask, and the physical clamp in the flask had been exposed to the gold spectrum pattern. The reaction speed is reduced to about 0.75mm Hg/min_o