A fabric crepe method for manufacturing absorbent sheets

The non-provisional application claiming the priority of the first method of manufacturing absorbent sheet fabric swelling method requires the right of the filing date of the U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/416666 filed on October 7th, 2002.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention generally relates to a papermaking process for manufacturing absorbent sheets, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a ribbon-shaped scum-absorbent cellulose sheet, by squeezing and dewatering papermaking ingredients to form papermaking fibers. Randomly distributed nascent paper webs (web); apply dehydrated paper webs to a translating transfer surface moving at the first speed; use a patterned blasting belt, at a consistency of about 30 to about 60% Next, the paper web from the transfer surface is stripped, wherein, under pressure, a striping step occurs in the strip-shaped gap defined between the transfer surface and the strip, where the strip Travel at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface. The belt pattern, the spoke gap pressure, other spoke gap parameters, delta speed and paper web consistency are selected so that the surface of the paper web is raised and redistributed on the belt to form a paper web with a net with a localized paper A plurality of interconnected areas with different basis weights, including at least (i) a plurality of local fiber-rich umbrella-shaped areas with a high paper basis weight, and the umbrella-shaped area passes through (ii) a plurality of local connection areas with a lower paper basis weight Interconnected, the fiber orientation of the connecting areas is biased toward the direction between the umbrella-shaped areas bridged by the connecting portions of the paper webs. Compared with conventional extrusion dehydrated products, this method produces an absorbent product with relatively high bulk and consistency, and the product exhibits unique mechanical properties as described below.

2. Description of the Related Art Methods of manufacturing tissues, towels and the like are well-known, which include various features such as Yang Qi drying, full drying, fabric sizing, dry raking, wet raking, and so on. Compared with the conventional drying method by air, the conventional wet pressing method has some advantages, including: (1) the lower energy cost associated with mechanical removal of water, rather than using hot air to evaporate and dry; and (2) the use of wet pressing The method of forming the paper web is easier to achieve higher production speeds. On the other hand, especially for

200380104819.2 For the production of soft, fluffy, super-quality tissue and towel products, the air drying method has become a new method of capital investment choice.

In the papermaking process, fabric lifting has been used as a way to affect product performance. The papermaking process includes mechanical or extrusion dewatering of the paper web. See, US Patent Nos. 4689119 and 4551199 to Weldon; 4,490,054 to Klowak; and Edwards et al. 6287426. It is difficult to effectively transfer the high or medium consistency paper web to the dryer, which hinders the operation of the fabric lifting process. Further patents related to fabric generation include the following: 4834838, 4482429 and 4445638. Also note: U.S. Patent No. 6,350,349 to Hermans et al. discloses wet transfer of a paper web from a rotating transfer surface to a fabric.

Regarding the papermaking process, fabric molding has also been used as a way to provide texture and bulk. In this regard, a method of embossing a paper web during a wet press event can be seen in US Patent No. 6610173 to Lindsey et al., which results in asymmetric protrusions of the deflection guide corresponding to the deflection element. The '173 patent reports that different speeds of transfer during radial compression events have the effect of improving the molding and embossing of the paper web with deflection elements. According to reports, the tissue paper web produced has a set of special physical and geometric properties, such as a dense network of patterns and a repetitive pattern protrusion with an asymmetric structure. Regarding wet molding of paper webs using textured fabrics, see also the following U.S. patents: Wendt et al. 6017417 and 5672248; Hermans et al. 5508818 and Trokhan 4637859. For the use of fabrics used to impart texture to most of the dried sheet, see, Drew et al., US Patent No. 6585855 and US Publication No. US2003/00064_o

U.S. Patent No. 5,503,715 to Trokhan et al. discloses a cellulosic fiber structure having multiple regions where the basis weight of the paper is different from each other. According to reports, this structure has a substantially continuous network with a high paper basis weight, and a discrete area with a low paper basis weight defining a range of discrete areas with a medium paper basis weight. The cellulosic fibers forming the area where the basis weight of the paper is low may be oriented radially with respect to the center of the area. The paper can be formed by using forming belts with different flow resistance sections. The area of the paper, the basis weight of the paper is usually inversely proportional to the flow resistance of the forming belt section, thereby forming such areas. The sections with different flow resistance provide the liquid carrier with suspended cellulose fibers to be selectively discharged through different sections of the forming belt. A similar structure is reported in US Patent No. 5935381, which is also Trokhan, in which different fiber types are used

200380104819.2 came to realize its features.

More generally, a method of manufacturing a dry product is disclosed in US Patent No. 5,607,551 of Farrington, Jr, et al., which discloses a completely dry product that has not been given. According to the '551 patent, an aqueous suspension stream of papermaking fibers is deposited on the forming fabric and partially dewatered to a consistency of about 10%. The wet paper web is then transferred to a transfer fabric traveling at a slower speed than the forming fabric in order to impart increased stretch to the paper web. The paper web is then transferred to an all-dry fabric, where it is dried to a final consistency of about 95% or greater.

U.S. Patent No. 5510002 of Hermans et al. discloses a variety of fully dry lifting products. For example, in conjunction with Figure 2 teaches the full dry/wet pressing method of making thin paper, in which an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers is deposited on a forming fabric, dewatered in the pressing gap between a pair of felts, and then passed through air Wet tension on the dried fabric for subsequent air drying. The completely dried paper web is glued to the Yangqi dryer, further dried and stirred to obtain the final product.

The following patents also disclose all-dried rumination products: Morgan, Jr.'s US Patent No. 3994771; Mortoη's US Patent No. 4102737; and Trokhan's US Patent No. 4529480«, which are disclosed in these patents The method generally includes forming a paper web on a foraminous carrier, heating and pre-drying the paper web, applying the paper web to a Yang Qi dryer with a radial gap partially determined by the embossed fabric, and drying in Yang Qi Make the product stir in the container. A relatively permeable paper web is typically required, which makes it difficult to use recycled furnish to the extent that may be desired. The transfer to the Yangqi dryer is typically carried out at a web consistency of about 60% to about 70%.

The conventional all-drying method does not make full use of the advantages of the drying potential of the Yangqi dryer. This is partly due to the difficulty of adhering the partially dried paper web with the intermediate consistency to the high-speed rotating surface during the transfer to the cylinder. , Especially from the surface of open mesh fabrics where the fabric contacts less than 50% of the paper web. The dryer is therefore limited to operating at speeds below its potential and the impinging jet velocity of the heated air within the hood is much lower than those used in conventional wet pressure ("CWP") technology.

As mentioned above, fully dried products tend to show increased bulk and softness; however, thermal dehydration with hot air tends to be energy-intensive and requires relatively permeable substrates. Therefore, from

200380104819.2 From the perspective of the first energy, the wet pressing operation in which the paper web is mechanically dewatered is preferred, and it is easier to apply to furnishes containing recycled fibers, which tend to form paper webs with lower permeability than virgin fibers. The Yang Qi dryer can be used more effectively because the paper web is transferred to it at a consistency of about 30% that can make the paper web adhere firmly for drying.

Wet/wet or dry start-up processes have been widely used, which can be seen in all papermaking documents described below. Many improvements involve increasing the bulk and absorbency of squeezed dehydrated products, which are typically partially dehydrated using papermaking felts.

U.S. Patent No. 5,851,353 to Fiscus et al. teaches a method of drying a wet paper web for tissue paper products in a can type, in which a partially dewatered wet paper web is bound between a pair of molded fabrics. The bound wet paper webs, for example, from about 40% consistency to at least about 70% consistency are processed on multiple tank dryers. The sheet-molded fabric protects the paper web from direct contact with the can dryer and influences on the paper web.

US Patent No. 5087324 to Awofeso et al. discloses a layered layered paper towel that includes a dense first layer of a chemical fiber blend and a second layer of a bulky curved fiber blend integrated with the first layer. Floor. The first and second layers improve the absorption speed and water retention capacity of paper towels. The method of forming the layered layered web of paper towel material includes directly feeding the first furnish to the wire web and feeding the second furnish of the bulky curved fiber blend directly to the first furnish on the wire web. After that, the paper web of the paper towel is puffed and embossed.

US Patent No. 5494554 to Edwards et al. shows the formation of wet-pressed tissue paper webs used in facial tissues, bath towels, paper towels or the like, which are produced by forming a layered wet tissue paper, in which the second forming layer The consistency is significantly lower than that of the first forming layer. The resulting improvement in wet forming allows uniform debonding during the dry lifting process, which in turn provides a significant improvement in softness and reduction of lint. The wet-pressed tissue paper manufactured by the method of the '554 patent is internally debonded, which is measured by the high pore volume index. See also U.S. Patent No. 3432936 to Cole et al. The method disclosed in the '936 patent includes: forming a new paper web on a forming fabric; wet pressing the paper web; drying the paper web on a Yangqi dryer; ; And make the product dry; this method is similar in many respects to Hostetler's US Patent No. 4,356,059.

According to the present invention, it has been found that by re-arranging the wet paper web suitable for random appearance

The process operated under the conditions of 200380104819.2 can significantly improve the absorption and bulk density of the wet-pressed paper web by making the wet-laid fabric of the paper web, while maintaining high speed, thermal efficiency and wet-pressing technology's tolerance to the ingredients of recycled fibers. And stretch.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in part to a method of manufacturing a base sheet for absorbent cellulose paper products such as towels, tissues, and the like, which involves squeezing and dewatering the virgin paper web, followed by reprocessing a fiber sequence suitable for random appearance. Distributed into a paper web with a predetermined local change in basis weight and a fiber-oriented paper web structure imparted by the fabric raising step, at any place with an intermediate consistency of about 30 to about 60%, the paper web is wet-laid or ribbon-shaped. Ruminate. Preferably, a lifting adhesive suitable for high-speed transfer of paper webs of intermediate consistency, such as a poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyamide adhesive as described below, is then used to bond the paper webs to the Yang Qi dryer. on. Unexpectedly, it has been discovered that some adhesives can be used to transfer and adhere the paper web of intermediate consistency to the Yang Qi dryer, which is sufficient to provide high-speed operation and high jet speed for the collision of the paper web in the Yang Qi dryer hood. Drying, as a result, the dryer is effectively used. The adhesive is hygroscopic, rewettable, and preferably does not substantially crosslink during use. Depending on the operating parameters, wet strength resin is included in the papermaking furnish.

The paper web produced by the present invention shows an open inter-fiber microstructure that mimics the microstructure of a dry product in many respects, and the paper web has no mechanical dehydration during its formation stage, that is to say, a consistency of less than about 50% . The product of the present invention shows high absorbency and CD stretch, which is much higher than conventional extrusion dehydrated products. Without intending to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the method of the present invention is suitable for restructuring the inter-fiber structure of the squeezed-dewatered paper web into an open microstructure that shows an increased absorbency And cross machine-direction stretching. Can make the product have very high longitudinal stretch, and very high longitudinal stretch contributes to unique tactile properties.

The CD modulus of the product of the present invention reaches its maximum value at a low CD strain, which is less than 1% in most cases, which is the same as the product produced by CWP; however, while increasing the CD strain, the CD of the product of the present invention The modulus is maintained at a high value, which is different from CWP products, where the CD modulus decays rapidly under increasing strain until the product fails.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the method for manufacturing a belt-shaped wicking absorbent cellulose sheet includes:

200380104819.2 Squeeze and dehydrate the papermaking ingredients to form a new paper web with random distribution of papermaking fibers; apply the dewatered paper web with the appearance of random fiber distribution to the inverted surface moving at the first speed; use a patterned lifting belt , At a consistency of about 30% to about 60%, the paper web from the transfer surface is stripped; under pressure, it occurs in the striped gap defined by the transfer surface and the stripe. The raising step, wherein the raising belt travels at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface. The belt pattern, the gap parameter, the delta speed and the consistency of the paper web are selected so that the paper web is rusted due to the surface and redistributed on the blasting belt to form a paper web with a net with a localized paper A plurality of interconnected areas with different basis weights, including at least (i) a plurality of partial fiber-rich umbrella-shaped areas with a high paper basis weight, and the umbrella-shaped area passes through (ii) a plurality of partial connection areas with a lower paper basis weight Interconnected, the fiber orientation of the connecting area is biased in the direction between the umbrella-shaped areas; and the paper web is dried. Generally, the method is operated at a fabric yield of at least about 10%, typically at least about 20%, and in many cases, at least about 40, 60%, or at least about 80%.

In a typical embodiment, an integument area of fibers is provided whose orientation is biased toward and sometimes along the MD. The connecting area and the covering area are colligating areas between the fiber-rich umbrella-shaped areas, as can be seen especially in the scanning electron micrographs attached to the present invention. Generally, a plurality of fiber-rich areas and binding areas recur in a regular pattern of interconnected fiber areas of the entire paper web, where the fiber orientations of the fiber-rich areas and the binding areas are different from each other. In some cases, the fibers in the fiber-rich areas are substantially oriented in the CD direction, and many fiber-rich areas have a higher local basis weight than the bundled areas. Preferably, at least a part of the binding area is composed of fibers oriented substantially in the MD direction, and there are repeated patterns therein, including a plurality of fiber-rich areas, the fiber orientation of which is biased toward the longitudinal direction of the first type of multiple binding areas, And its fiber orientation is biased to the longitudinal direction, but deviates from the fiber orientation of the first type of multiple binding areas. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the plurality of binding regions is oriented substantially in the MD direction, and the fiber-rich region exhibits a plurality of U-shaped folds across the longitudinal direction. The product is suitably produced in which the pick-up belt is a pick-up fabric equipped with a CD joint (knuckle), which determines the knuckle surface across the longitudinal direction, such as the distribution of fiber-rich areas. It should be the arrangement of CD joints on the fabric. Therefore it is also preferable to push against the transfer surface

200380104819.2 The fabric support spokes of the first movable fabric are deformable spokes, preferably deformable spokes with a polymer covering layer whose thickness is at least 25% of the nip length, and sometimes 50% of the nip length.

The CD stretch of the paper web is usually about 5% to about 20%, with CD stretch of about 5% to about 10% sometimes being typical. In many preferred cases, the CD stretch of the paper web is about 6% to about 8%₀ It is possible to provide MD stretching with high characterization of the product of the present invention. The MD stretch of the paper web can be at least about 15%, at least about 25 or 30%, at least about 40%, and at least about 55% or higher MD stretch. For example, in some cases, the MD stretch of the paper web can be at least about 75 or 80%. In many embodiments, the paper web is also characterized by an MD/CD tensile ratio of less than about 1.1, usually about 0.5 to about 0.9, or about 0.6 to about 0.8.

It is preferable to select the feeding conditions of the paper web so that the fibers are redistributed into areas with different basis weights. Suitably, the paper web is tapered at a consistency of about 35% to about 55%, and more preferably at a consistency of about 40% to about 50%. The band or fabric splay gap pressure is about 20 to about 100 PLI, generally, preferably about 40 PLI to about 80 PLI, and more typically the splay gap pressure is about 50 PLI-about 70 PLL in order to promote a more uniform fabric splay In the blasting condition, use the supporting spokes with soft covering to press the fabric onto the transfer surface in the radiating gap of the fabric, especially in wide machines that require large spoke diameters to provide a clearer radiating angle. Typically, the sprouting belt can be supported in the sprouting gap with supporting spokes, the surface hardness of which is based on the Pusey and Jones hardness scale, ranging from about 20 to about 120. The blasting belt can be supported in the blasting gap with supporting rods, and the surface hardness of the supporting rod is about 25 to about 90 based on the Pusey and Jones hardness scale. Likewise, fabric nucleation gaps typically extend over a distance of at least about 1/2" in the longitudinal direction, and typically extend over a distance of about 2".

In another aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a fabric-based absorbent cellulose sheet includes: squeezing and dewatering the papermaking furnish to form a new paper web; applying the dewatered paper web to a rotary transfer rotating at a first speed On the surface of the cylinder, so that the surface velocity of the cylinder is at least about 100Ofp, at a consistency of about 30 to about 60%, the high-impact fabric is determined by the transfer cylinder and the feeding fabric. Inside, the paper web fabric from the transfer cylinder is lifted up, wherein the lifted fabric travels at a second slower speed than the transfer cylinder, wherein the paper web fabric from the transfer cylinder

200380104819.2 The paper web of the first cylinder is raised and rearranged on the raising fabric; and the paper web is dried, wherein the paper web has an absorbency of at least about 5 g/g and a CD stretch of at least about 4%. Generally, the surface speed of the transfer cylinder is at least about 2000 fpm, sometimes the surface speed of the transfer cylinder is at least about 3000 fpm or 4000 fpm and sometimes 6000 fpm or higher. Preferred product features include those in which the absorbance of the paper web is from about 5 g/g to about 12 g/g or in which the absorbency (g/g) of the paper web is at least about 0.7 times the specific volume (cc/g) of the paper web For example, the absorptivity (g/g) of the paper web is about 0.75-0.9 times the specific volume (cc/g) of the paper web. In combination with the extruded dehydrated product of the present invention, the absorbency of 6g/g, 7g/g and 8g/g can be easily achieved. Although the paper web of the present invention does not require a significant amount of wet strength resin to achieve absorbency, the aqueous furnish may include a wet strength resin, such as the polyamide epichlorohydrin resin described below. Typically, the virgin paper web is wet pressed with the papermaking felt through it before being applied to the transfer cylinder, while the paper web is applied to the transfer cylinder optionally with a shoe press to dewater it. If desired, any spoke within the transfer gap can be a shoe-shaped press spoke. When using a napping fabric, the napping gap typically extends over a distance corresponding to at least 2 times the distance between the weft yarns (CD filaments) of the fabric, such as where the fabric The starting gap extends over a distance corresponding to at least 4 times the distance between the weft yarns of the starting fabric, or where the fabric starting gap is at least 4 times the distance between the weft yarns corresponding to the starting fabric

Extend over 10, 20 or 40 times the distance. Since the wet strength resin is not required for absorption, the towel material of the present invention can be washed.

The preferred method involves the transfer of the paper web from the feeder belt to the drying cylinder at a consistency of about 30 to about 60%, and the use of absorbent, rewettable paper webs that are fixed to the drying cylinder are used. A wet adhesive is a method of adhering the paper web to the drying cylinder; drying the paper web on the drying cylinder; and making the paper web from the drying cylinder nuisance. Preferably, the adhesive is a substantially non-crosslinked adhesive and includes poly(polyvinyl alcohol) as a viscous component, but the adhesive may include about 10 to about 10 to about 10% based on the resin content in the adhesive. 90% poly(vinyl alcohol). More typically, the given adhesive includes poly(vinyl alcohol) and at least a second resin, and wherein the weight ratio of poly(vinyl alcohol) to the combined weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the second resin is at least about 3. : 4, or still more preferably, wherein the starting adhesive includes poly(vinyl alcohol) and at least a second resin, and wherein the combination of poly(vinyl alcohol) to poly(vinyl alcohol) and the second resin The weight ratio is at least about 5:6. In many preferred embodiments, poly(vinyl alcohol)

200380104819.2 The weight ratio of the combined weight of the first (vinyl alcohol) and the second resin is at most about 7:8. Therefore, the giving adhesive essentially consists of poly(vinyl alcohol) and an amide polymer, wherein one or more modifiers are optionally included in the method specifically described below. Suitable modifiers include quaternary money complexes with at least one acyclic amide.

As mentioned above, the typical production speed can be at least about 500 fpm, at least about 100 ofpm or higher production line speed. Due to the use of a specific adhesive, the step of drying the paper web on the drying cylinder includes the drying of the paper web with high-speed hot air impinging on the paper web in a drying hood around the drying cylinder. The jet velocity of the impinging air is about 15000fpm-about 30,000fpm, so that the Yang Qi dryer can reach about 20 (lbs. water/ftMir)-about 501bs. water/ft²-hr speed to dry the paper web.

The method of the present invention can be operated at an Aggregate Crepe of at least about 10%; at least about 20%; at least about 30%; at least about 40%; at least about 50, 60, 70, 80% or higher.

The preferred product includes a paper web containing the following cellulose fibers: (i) a plurality of localized umbrella-shaped fiber-rich areas with a relatively high paper basis weight, which are mutually connected by (ii) a plurality of local connection areas with a relatively low paper basis weight. The fiber orientation of the connecting area is biased along the direction between the umbrella-shaped areas interconnected here. Optionally, a plurality of fiber covering areas spanning the umbrella area of the paper web and the connecting area of the paper web are further provided so that the paper web has a substantially continuous surface. In contrast to the fibers in the connection area, the fibers in the covered area show a tendency to MD orientation. These products may have an absorbency of at least about 5g/g, a CD stretch of at least about 4%, and an MD/CD stretch ratio of less than about 1.1, and exhibit a maximum CD modulus at a CD strain of less than 1% At least about 4% of the CD strain, maintain its maximum CD modulus at least 50% of the CD modulus. Preferably, the absorbent paper web maintains a CD modulus of at least 75% of its peak CD modulus at a CD strain of 2%, and has an absorbency of about 5 g/g to about 12 g/g. In some embodiments, the paper web defines an open mesh structure that can be impregnated with a polymer resin, such as a curable polymer resin.

In another embodiment, there is provided an absorbent sheet made from a papermaking furnish that exhibits an absorbency of at least about 5 g/g, a CD stretch of at least about 4%, and less than about 1.1 MD/CD stretch ratio, where the sheet shows less than 1% CD strain

200380104819.2 The first maximum CD modulus, and at least about 4% CD strain, maintain its maximum CD modulus at least 50% of the CD modulus. Preferably, the absorbent sheet maintains a CD modulus of at least 75% of its peak CD modulus at a CD strain of 2%, and exhibits the above-mentioned properties. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a product made from a papermaking furnish. An absorbent sheet, the papermaking furnish exhibiting an absorbency of at least about 5 g/g, a CD stretch of at least about 4%, an MD stretch of at least about 15%, and an MD/CD stretch ratio of less than about 1.1.

Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to absorbent sheets made from papermaking furnishes that exhibit an absorbency of at least about 5 g/g, a CD stretch of at least about 4%, and a higher than its initial MD modulus. MD rupture modulus (that is, its initial modulus peak under low strain), such as where the sheet exhibits an MD rupture modulus of at least about 1.5 times its initial MD modulus, or where the sheet exhibits An MD rupture modulus of at least about 2 times its initial MD modulus. The more preferred absorbent sheet of the present invention exhibits an absorbency of at least about 6 g/g, still more preferably at least 7 g/g, and most preferably 8 g/g or higher.

In many of its applications, the method of the present invention can be used to produce single-layer tissue paper by: squeezing and dewatering papermaking ingredients to form a new paper web with the usual random appearance of papermaking fibers; applying random appearance The dewatered paper web of fiber distribution is moved to the turning surface moving at the first speed; the patterned puffing belt is used to make the paper web from the transfer surface belt-like feeding at a consistency of about 30 to about 60%; Under pressure, a scalping step occurs in the belt-shaped lifting gap defined between the transfer surface and the lifting belt, where the lifting belt travels at a second speed slower than the speed of the transfer surface, and the belt pattern, Crane gap pressure, delta speed and paper web consistency in order to make the paper web rustle due to the surface and redistribute it on the take-up belt to form a paper web with a net with a plurality of local paper weights different The interconnected area includes at least (i) a plurality of partial umbrella-shaped areas with a high paper basis weight, and the umbrella-shaped areas are interconnected by (ii) a plurality of partial connection areas with a lower paper basis weight. The fiber orientation of the connected areas is biased along the direction between the umbrella-shaped areas, and (iii) where the fabric is given more than about 25%; the paper web is dried to form a base sheet with an MD stretch greater than about 25% and a characteristic paper basis weight ; And the base sheet is converted into a single-layer tissue paper product, wherein before the conversion, the single-layer tissue product has a paper basis weight lower than that of the base sheet, and before the conversion, the MD stretch is lower than

200380104819.2 It is more preferred that the MD stretch of the base sheet is at least about 40%. Single-layer tissue products generally have an MD stretch of less than 30% and in some embodiments less than 20%.

Two or more layers of tissue paper are similarly produced by the following method: squeezing and dewatering the papermaking ingredients, Form a nascent paper web with a generally random appearance of papermaking fibers; apply the dewatered paper web to a turning surface moving at a first speed; use a patterned take-up belt, at a consistency of about 30 to about 60%, The paper web on the transfer surface is striped; wherein under pressure, the lifting step takes place within the ribbon-shaped thread gap defined between the transfer surface and the lifting belt, wherein the lifting belt is higher than the transfer surface The second speed is slow, and the belt pattern, the gap pressure and other gap parameters, delta speed and the consistency of the paper web are selected, so that the paper web can be grounded on the surface and redistributed on the belt to form A paper web with a net having a plurality of interconnected regions with different local paper basis weights, including at least (i) a plurality of local fiber-rich umbrella-shaped regions with high paper basis weight, the umbrella-shaped area passing ( ii) A plurality of localized connection areas with a low paper basis weight are interconnected, and the fiber orientation of the connection areas is biased in the direction between the umbrella-shaped areas, and (iii) where the fabric rise is greater than about 25%; dry paper web , Forming a base sheet with MD stretch greater than about 25% and a characteristic paper basis weight; and converting the base sheet into a multilayer tissue paper product, wherein the η layer is made from the base sheet, and η is 2 or 3, wherein The MD stretch of the multilayer tissue product is lower than the MD stretch of the base sheet. The paper basis weight of 2 or 3 (h) layer tissue products is η times smaller than that of the base sheet. Furthermore, the MD stretch of the base sheet is at least about 30% or 40% , The MD stretch of thin paper products is less than 30%, or the MD stretch of thin paper products is less than 20%.

Single and multilayer tissue paper products exhibit unique tactile properties, which are not seen in conventionally produced absorbent sheets; in the preferred case, these products are calendered. In the case of CWP thin paper, since the thickness of the thin paper increases under a given basis weight, there is a point where the softness will inevitably deteriorate. As a general rule, when the thickness of 12 layers of tissue paper in microns is divided by m²The ratio expressed by the basis weight of the paper exceeds about 95, the softness deteriorates. The tissue paper product of the present invention can be manufactured with a ratio of 12 layers of tissue paper thickness/paper basis weight greater than 95, that is, between 95 to 120 or greater than 120, and there is no noticeable loss of softness.

In some preferred embodiments, the method of the present invention is performed on a three-fabric machine and uses a forming spoke with a vacuum.

200380104819.2 The foregoing and further aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar symbols indicate similar components and therein: Figure 1 is a photomicrograph (8x) of an open mesh paper web made according to the present invention, the open mesh paper The web includes a plurality of areas with high paper basis weights connected by areas with low paper basis weight extending therebetween; Fig. 2 is a photomicrograph showing an enlarged detail (32x) of the paper web of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is placed on the manufacturing paper web The photomicrograph (8x) of the open-mesh paper web of Figure 1 on the used starting fabric;

Figure 4 is a photomicrograph showing the paper web of the present invention with a basis weight of 191bs/ream produced under a 17% fabric starting; Figure 5 shows a paper basis of 191bs produced under a 40% fabric basis /Ream of the paper web of the present invention; Figure 6 is a photomicrograph of the paper web of the present invention showing a basis weight of 271bs/ream produced under 28% fabric fluffing; Figure 7 is the absorbent sheet of the present invention The surface image (10X) of the material, showing the area where the sample surface and cross-sectional SEM are taken; Figure 8-10 is the surface SEM of the material sample taken from the sheet seen in Figure 7;

Figures 11 and 12 are SEM of the sheet shown in Figure 7 in a cross-section across the MD;

Figures 13 and 14 are SEMs of the sheet shown in Figure 7 in a section along the MD;

Figures 15 and 16 are also the SEM of the sheet shown in Figure 7 in a section along the MD;

Figures 17 and 18 are SEMs of the sheet shown in Figure 7 in a cross-section across the MD;

Figure 19 is a schematic plan view of a paper machine implementing the present invention; Figure 20 is a schematic plan view of another paper machine implementing the present invention; Figures 21, 22 and 23 are schematic views illustrating additional improvements of the paper machine implementing the present invention; Figure 24 And 25 are graphs of the absorbance contrast of the product of the present invention and representative data of other products; Figure 26 is a graph of the ratio of GMT and MD/CD stretch ratio to fabric;

200380104819.2 Figure 27 is a chart of SAT capacity and paper thickness versus feed ratio; Figure 28 is a chart of paper thickness versus feed ratio for various ingredients and fabric support (feeding) spokes; Figure 29 is a chart of paper thickness versus feed ratio; For various ingredients and support (g/g), the SAT capacity is compared to the ratio of the fabric; Figure 30 is the ratio of SAT (g/g) to the fabric for various ingredients and support (g/g) Figure 31 is a graph showing the ratio of GM rupture modulus to fabric for various ingredients and supporting (starting) spokes; Figure 32 is a graph showing the ratio of GM rupture modulus to fabric For the transformation of fabrics and supporting (feeding) spokes, MD stretching is a graph of the ratio of fabric rise; Figures 33 and 34 are photomicrographs of cross-sections of conventional wet-pressed paper webs in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively; 35 and 36 are cross-sectional photomicrographs of a conventional fully dried paper web along the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively; Figures 37 and 38 are cross-sectional photomicrographs of the paper web fed by the high-impact fabric of the present invention in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively; Figure 39 is a photomicrograph of the surface of a conventional fully dry sheet; Figure 40 is a photomicrograph of the surface of a sheet raised by a high-impact fabric prepared according to the present invention; Figure 41 is a photomicrograph of the surface of a conventional wet-pressed sheet Photographs; Figures 42, 43 and 44 are graphs of the applied stress vs. CD strain and modulus vs. CD strain for the absorbent sheet of the present invention and a conventional wet-pressed sheet; Figures 45, 46, and 47 include graphs of applied stress vs. CD strain and modulus vs. CD strain for another absorbent sheet of the present invention and a conventional all-dry sheet; Figures 48 and 49 include graphs for For various sheets of the present invention, the applied stress vs. MD strain and modulus vs. MD strain are graphs; Figures 50, 51, and 52 include various products and products of the present invention for relatively low elongation at break. For conventional wet-pressed products and dry products, the applied stress has an effect on MD strain and modulus

200380104819.2 The graph of MD strain; and Figures 53, 54 and 55 include the relative high tensile elongation value of the present invention for various products of the present invention and conventional wet-pressed products and dry products, the applied stress Graph of MD strain and modulus versus MD strain.

The present invention is illustrated in various aspects in the attached drawings.

The detailed description is for illustrative purposes only, and in conjunction with many embodiments, the present invention is disclosed in detail below. Modifications to the specific embodiments listed in the appended claims that are within the spirit and scope of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

By referring to Figures 1-18, one can understand the method of the present invention and the products produced therefrom. Fig. 1 is a photomicrograph of an open mesh paper web 1 with a very low paper basis weight, which has a plurality of umbrella-shaped areas 2 with relatively high paper basis weight interconnected by a plurality of connection areas 3 with lower paper basis weight. The cellulose fibers of the connecting area 3 have a biased orientation along the direction in which they extend between the umbrella-shaped areas 2, which can be best seen in the enlarged view of FIG. 2. In view of the fact that the nascent paper web has obvious random fiber orientation when it is formed, and the fact that most of it is transferred to the transfer surface undisturbed before being fed from the wet method, the changes in orientation and local paper basis weight are surprising . At extremely low paper basis weights, the resulting ordered structure can be clearly seen, in which the paper web 1 has an open part 4, so it is an open mesh structure.

Fig. 3 shows the paper web together with the take-up fabric 5, in which the fibers in the spoke gap are fed in the wet-process after being generally randomly formed to a consistency of 40-50% or before being taken up from the transfer cylinder Redistribute on the fabric 5 of the origin.

Although it is easy to observe the structure of the product of the present invention including umbrella-shaped and reoriented areas in the embodiment of the open mesh with very low paper basis weight, the ordered structure of the product of the invention can also be seen when the paper basis weight is increased, in which the fiber The coverage area of 6 bridges the umbrella area and the connection area, which can be seen in Figs. 4-6, resulting in a substantially continuous surface of the sheet 7, which can be seen in Figs. 4 and 6, where the darker The area has a lower basis weight, and the almost pure white area is relatively squeezed fibers.

The influence of processing variables and so on can also be understood from Figures 4-6. Figures 4 and 5 both show the 191b sheet; however, in terms of the change in paper basis weight, the pattern is more prominent in Figure 5

200380104819.2 came out of the 191b sheet; however, in terms of the change in paper basis weight, the pattern is more prominent in Figure 5 because the fabric kick is much higher (40% vs. 17%). Similarly, Fig. 6 shows the higher paper basis weight web (271b) under 28% turbulence, in which the umbrella shape, connection and coverage areas are all protruding.

By referring to Figures 7-18, we can still further understand the redistribution of fibers from the usual random arrangement into a patterned distribution, which includes the orientation bias and the fiber-rich regions corresponding to the ribbon structure.

Figure 7 is a photomicrograph (10X) of the cellulose paper web of the present invention from which a series of samples were prepared, and a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) was taken to further show the microstructure. On the left side of Fig. 7, the surface areas from which the SEM surface images 8, 9 and 10 are prepared are shown. In these SEMs, it can be seen that the fibers in the connection area have a deflection along their direction between the umbrella-shaped areas. Orientation, which was noted earlier from the relevant photomicrographs. It is further seen in Figures 8, 9 and 10 that the formed coverage area has a fiber orientation along the longitudinal direction. Figures 11 and 12 show this feature quite surprisingly.

11 and 12 are cross-sectional views taken along the line XS-A of FIG. 7. It can be seen that, especially at 2Q0 times magnification (Figure 12), the fibers are oriented toward the viewing plane or longitudinal direction, because most of the fibers are cut when the sample section is taken.

Figures 13 and 14, the cross section along the line XS-B of the sample of Figure 7, particularly show fewer short fibers in the middle part of the photomicrograph, again indicating the MD orientation bias in these areas.

15 and 16 are cross-sectional SEMs along the line XS-C of the sample of FIG. 7. It can be seen from these figures that the umbrella-shaped area (on the left) is "stacked" into a higher local basis weight. In addition, it can be seen from the SEM in Fig. 16 that many fibers are cut in the umbrella-shaped area (left side), indicating the reorientation of the fibers in the direction transverse to the MD in this area, in this case along CD direction. In addition, it is worth noting that as the fiber moves from left to right, many of the fiber ends observed decrease, indicating that the fiber is oriented toward the MD as it leaves the umbrella area.

17 and 18 are SEMs of the cross section taken along XS-D of FIG. 7. It can be seen here that when the fiber moves across the CD, the fiber orientation deviation changes. On the left, in the connection or coverage area, many "ends" are seen, which indicates MD bias. In the middle, as an umbrella

200380104819.2 first approached another connection area, and the short fibers became larger again, again indicating an increased MD bias.

Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the fiber of the present invention can be achieved by selecting the appropriate consistency, fabric or belt pattern, dropout parameters, and the delta speed, the speed difference between the transfer surface and the starting belt. Redistribute. Under some conditions, a delta speed of at least about 100 fpm ^ 200 fpm, 500 fpm> 100 Ofpm, 1500 fpm, or even 2000 fpm may be required to achieve the desired combination of fiber redistribution and performance, which will become apparent from the discussion that follows. In many cases, a delta velocity of about 5000 fpm to about 2000 fpm is sufficient.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail in conjunction with many embodiments.

The terms used herein are given with their common meanings and the definitions listed immediately below, unless otherwise stated.

The terms "cellulose", "cellulose sheet" and the like are meant to include any product that incorporates papermaking fibers having cellulose as a main component. "Papermaking fibers" include virgin pulp or recycled cellulose fibers or fiber mixtures containing cellulose fibers. Fibers suitable for making the paper web of the present invention include: non-wood fibers, such as cotton fibers or cotton derivatives, abaca, South African kenaf, sabai grass, flax, spice grass, straw, jute fiber, bagasse , Milkweed seed fiber and pineapple leaf fiber; and wood fibers such as those obtained from deciduous trees and conifers, including softwood fibers, such as northern and southern softwood kraft paper fibers; hardwood fibers, such as floor trees and maples , Birch, poplar, etc. Papermaking fibers can be released from the raw materials by any one of many chemical pulping processes that are skilled in the art, including sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, polysulfide, caustic soda pulping, etc. If necessary, the pulp can be bleached by chemical means including chlorine, chlorine dioxide, oxygen, etc. The products of the present invention may include blends of conventional fibers (whether derived from virgin pulp or recycled sources) and high roughness lignin-rich tubular fibers, such as bleached chemical thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP). Terms such as "furnishings" refer to aqueous compositions that include papermaking fibers, wet strength resins, debonders, and the like for making paper products.

The term used herein to squeeze and dewater a paper web or furnish refers to by wet pressing on a dewatering felt, for example, in some embodiments, when the spokes between the press spoke and the shoe press

200380104819.2 When in the first gap, the paper web is in contact with the papermaking felt through mechanical pressure continuously applied on the surface of the paper web, thereby mechanically dewatering. In other typical embodiments, the squeezing and dewatering of the paper web or furnish is performed on the printing or other fabrics in the transfer gap, wherein the paper web is transferred to the drying cylinder so that the furnish is simultaneously squeezed and dehydrated And applied to the rotating cylinder. When using printed fabrics, the transfer pressure can be higher in selected areas of the paper web. The term "squeeze dehydration" is used to distinguish it from a process in which the initial dehydration of the paper web is mainly performed thermally, which is similar to, for example, US Patent No. 4529480 to Trokhan and US Patent No. 5607551 to Farrington et al. The situation is the same. Squeezing and dewatering the paper web means, for example, by applying pressure thereon to remove water from the virgin paper web having a consistency of less than 30% or about, and/or by applying pressure thereon to increase the consistency of the paper web by about 15% or more. high.

Unless otherwise stated, "paper basis weight", BWT, bwt, etc. refer to the weight of the product in 3000 square feet. Likewise, percentages or similar terms (%) refer to weight percentages based on dry weight, that is, in the absence of free water, this corresponds to 5% humidity in the fiber.

The thickness of the paper reported here is the thickness of 8 sheets, unless otherwise specified. The laminated sheet is subjected to paper thickness measurement around the central part of the laminated body. Preferably, the sample is conditioned for at least about 2 hours at a relative humidity of 50% in an atmosphere of 23°C±1.0°C (73.4.±1.8°), and then the Thwing-Albert Model 89-II-JR is used. Or the Progage Electronic Thickness Tester with a 2-in (50. 8-mm) diameter measuring head, a dead weight load of 539±10g and a descent speed of 0.231in./sec. Regarding finished product testing, each finished sheet to be tested must have the same number of layers when the product is sold. Select and stack 8 sheets together. Regarding the test of napkins, the napkins are fully unfolded before lamination. Regarding the test of the base sheet leaving the winder, each sheet to be tested must have the same number of layers when it leaves the winder for production. Select and stack 8 sheets together. For the test of the base sheet leaving the paper machine reel, a single layer must be used. Select and stack together 8 sheets calibrated on the MD. On traditionally embossed or printed products, try to avoid measuring in these areas, if at all possible. The specific volume is determined by the basis weight of the paper and the thickness of the paper.

200380104819.2 to measure the thickness of the first sheet.

A simple absorbance tester is used to measure the absorbance of the product of the present invention. A simple absorbency tester is a particularly useful device for measuring the hydrophilicity and absorption properties of tissue samples, napkins or towels. In this test, a tissue paper, napkin or towel sample code with a diameter of 2.0 inches is placed between a flat plastic cover on the top and a sample plate with a groove on the bottom. Secure tissue, napkin, or towel samples in place through a 1/8 inch wide circumferential edge area. The sample is not squeezed through the clamp. Deionized water at 73°F was introduced into the sample through a tube with a diameter of 1 mm at the center of the bottom sample plate. The water is 5mm below the hydrostatic head. At the beginning of the measurement, the pulse introduced by the instrument device caused the flow. The water is then sucked into the tissue, napkin or towel sample radially outward by capillary action from this central entry point. When the water inhalation speed drops below 0.005g water/5 seconds, the test is terminated. The amount of water removed from the container and absorbed by the sample is weighed and reported as g water/n? sample or g water/m? sheet. In practice, use M/K System Inc. Gravimetric Absorbency Testing System₀ This is a commercial system obtained from M/K System Inc., 12 Garden Street, Danvers, Mass, 01923. The WAC or water absorption capacity, also called SAT, is actually measured by the instrument itself. WAC is defined as the point where the weight versus time graph has a zero slope, that is, the point when the sample stops absorption. The test termination criterion is expressed as the maximum change in the weight of water absorbed within a fixed period of time. This is an estimate of essentially zero slope in the weight versus time graph. This program uses the change of 0.005g in a 5-second interval as the termination criterion; unless otherwise specified "Slow Sat", in this case the cut-off criterion is 1mg within 20 seconds₀ The water absorption rate is measured in seconds and is the time it takes for the sample to absorb 0.1 g of water droplets distributed on its surface through an automated sprayer. The sample is preferably conditioned at 23°C±1°C (73.4±1.8°F) and 50% relative humidity. For each sample, a 43x3 inch test specimen was prepared. Place each sample in the sample holder so that the high-intensity lamp is aimed at the sample. 0.1 ml of water is deposited on the surface of the sample and the stopwatch is started. When water is absorbed (this can be indicated by the lack of further reflection of light from the droplet), the stopwatch is terminated and the time closest to 0.1 second is recorded. Repeat the procedure for each sample, and average the results for that sample.

Adopt standard Instron test equipment or other suitable elongation tensile testers that can be manufactured in various ways, typically used for conditioning at 50% relative humidity and 23°C (73.4)

200380104819.2 The first stretch, its ratio, modulus of rupture, stress and strain. For the measurement of modulus, the tension tester runs at a crosshead speed of 2in/min, and for the measurement of tension, it runs at a crosshead speed of 10in/min. . In order to calculate the relative modulus values and to make Figures 42-55, a 1-inch wide sample was pulled at a speed of 0.5 inches per minute in order to obtain a large number of data points. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, stretching refers to stretching at break (elongation). The modulus of rupture is the ratio of peak load to elongation at peak load.

GMT refers to the geometric average of CD and MD stretching.

Measure the tensile energy absorption (TEA) according to the TAPPI test method T494 om-01 _oThe initial MD modulus refers to the maximum MD modulus below 5% strain.

The wet stretch is measured by the Finch cup method or usually in accordance with the dry stretch process, by first drying the sample at or around 100°C, and then using Payne Sponge Device before the stretch measurement, applying 1.5 to the width of the sample Inches of hose to measure wet stretch. The latter method is referred to herein as the sponge method. The Finch cup method uses a thin strip of tissue paper with a width of 3 inches, which is folded into a loop, clamped in the Finch cup, and then immersed in water. A Finch cup (obtained from Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Philadelphia, Pa.) was installed on a tensile tester equipped with a 2.0 pound load cell having a Finch clamped by the lower jaws of the tester. The edge of the cup and one end of the thin paper ring clamped in the upper jaw of the tension tester. The sample is immersed until it has been adjusted to_PH7. 0.+-.0.1 in water, and test tensile after 5 seconds of immersion time.

The wet or dry stretch ratio is simply the ratio of the values determined by the aforementioned method. Unless otherwise stated, the tensile properties are the properties of the dried sheet.

The pore volume and/or pore volume ratio referred to below are determined by saturating the sheet with a non-polar liquid and measuring the amount of liquid absorbed. The volume of liquid absorbed is equal to the volume of pores inside the sheet structure. As described below, the weight gain percentage (WPI) is expressed as the liquid (g) absorbed per gram of fiber in the sheet structure multiplied by 100. More specifically, for each single-layer sheet sample to be tested, 8 sheets are selected and a 1 inch x 1 inch square (1 inch in the longitudinal direction and 1 inch in the transverse direction) is cut. For multi-layer product samples, each layer is measured as an independent object. Multi-layer samples should be divided into independent individual layers and 8 pieces from each layer position for testing. Weigh and record the dryness when each sample is closest to 0.000lg

200380104819.2 The first heavy. Place the sample at a specific gravity of 1.875g/cm³P0R0FII?¹Liquid (obtained from Coulter Electronics Ltd., Northwell Drive, Luton, Beds, UK; Part No. 9902458) in a dish. After 10 seconds, grab the sample at the very edge of one corner (2mm) with a forge, and remove the liquid. Hold the sample at the top of the corner and allow the excess liquid to drip for 30 seconds. To remove any excess final droplets, tap (less than 1/2 second contact) the lower corner of the sample on #4 filter paper (Whatman Lt., Maidstone, UK). Weigh the sample immediately within 10 seconds and record the weight closest to 0.000lg. For each sample, the PWI (expressed in g POROFIL/g fiber) is calculated as follows:

PWI=[(W2-WJ/WJ χ 100% where "W]" is the dry weight of the sample in grams; and "W2" is the wet weight of the sample in grams.

The PWI of all 8 independent samples is determined as described above, and the average of the 8 samples is the PWI of the sample.

The pore volume ratio is calculated by dividing the PWI by 1.9 (fluid density), expressing the ratio as a percentage, and the pore volume (g/g) is simply the weight increase ratio; that is, PWI divided by 100.

Throughout and in the claims, when we refer to nascent paper webs (or use similar terms) with a significantly random fiber orientation distribution, we refer to the results obtained when the furnish is deposited on the forming fabric using known forming techniques The distribution of fiber orientation. When inspected with a microscope, the fibers give the appearance of random orientation. Even depending on the speed of the jet onto the wire web, there may be significant deviations toward the longitudinal orientation, which makes the longitudinal tensile strength of the paper web exceed the transverse tensile strength.

Fpm refers to feet per minute, and consistency refers to the weight percentage of fibers in the paper web. The 10% consistency virgin paper web is 10wt% fiber and 90wt% water.

The fabric starting ratio is the expression of the speed difference between the starting fabric and the transfer cylinder or surface, and it is defined as the ratio of the transfer cylinder speed to the starting fabric speed calculated as follows: Fabric starting ratio = transfer cylinder Speed*Finning fabric speed The fabric starting rate can also be expressed as a percentage calculated as follows:

200380104819.2 The first fabric reel percentage = fabric reel ratio-1 X 100% reel crepe is a measure of the speed difference between the Yang Qi dryer and the winder on which the paper is wound, and Measured in a similar way: Winding ratio = Yang Qi dryer speed + Winder speed, and Winding ratio% = Winding ratio-1x100% Similarly, the gathering ratio is defined as : Aggregation ratio = transfer cylinder speed * winder speed, and aggregation ratio = aggregation ratio -1 X 100% The aggregation ratio expressed as a percentage is found in the sheet produced by the method of the present invention Characterization of the final MD stretch. The contribution to the total MD stretch can be broken down into the two main contribution components, fabric and winding contribution by using ratios. For example, if the transfer cylinder speed is 5000fpm, the starting fabric speed is 4000fpm, and the winding is 3600fpm, the following values will be obtained: Aggregate feed ratio 5000/3600=1.39 (39%) Fabric feed ratio 5000 /4000=1. 25 (25%) Winding ratio 4000/3600=1. 11 (11%)

PLI or pli refers to the force (pounds) per line foot.

Speed refers to the speed difference.

According to ASTM D 531, the Pusey and Jones hardness (dents) are measured and refer to the number of dents (standard samples and conditions).

The parameters of the roller gap include without limitation the rolling gap pressure, the spoke gap length, the supporting spoke stiffness, the fabric approach angle, the fabric departure angle, the uniformity and the delta velocity between the surface of the gap.

The gap length refers to the length on which the surface of the gap is in contact.

According to the present invention, an absorbent paper web is produced by dispersing papermaking fibers in an aqueous furnish (slurry) and depositing the aqueous furnish on the forming wire of a paper machine. Any suitable forming machine can be used. For example, a broad but non-exhaustive list includes moon bud edge lace forming machines, C-wrap double-wire forming machines, S-turn double-wire forming machines, suction breast roll former ), Fourdrinier forming machine or any forming structure known in the art. The forming fabric can be any suitable porous member, including single

200380104819. 2 First layer fabric, double layer fabric, three layer fabric, photopolymer fabric and so on. Non-exhaustive background technologies for forming fabrics include U.S. Patent Nos. 4157276, 4605585, 4161195,

3545705、

3549742、

3858623、

4041989、 4071050、

4112982、

4149571、

4182381、

4184519、

4314589、

4359069、

4376455、

4379735、

4453573、

4564052、

4592395、

4611639、

464074L·

4709732、

475939L·

4759976、

4942077>

4967085、

4998568、

5016678、

5054525、

5066532、

5098519、

5103874、

5114777、

516726E

5199467、

5211815、

5219004、

5245025、

527776L· 5328565

519926L· and 5379808, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. A particularly useful forming fabric of the present invention is Voith Fabrics Forming Fabric manufactured by Voith Fabrics Corporation, Shreveport, LA

2164。

The foam forming of the water-containing ingredients on the forming wire net or fabric can be used as a way to control the permeability or pore volume of the sheet during wet draping. Foam molding technology is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4543156 and Canadian Patent No. 2053505, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. The foamed fiber furnish is made from an aqueous slurry of fibers mixed with a foamed liquid carrier just before it is introduced into the flow box. The pulp slurry supplied to the system has a consistency in the range of about 0.5 to about 7 wt% fiber, preferably in the range of about 2.5 to about 4.5 wt%. Through simple mixing from natural vortex and inherent mixing in the process element, the pulp slurry is added to the foaming liquid, which includes water, air and a surfactant containing 50-80% air by volume, To form a foamed fiber ingredient with a consistency in the range of about 0.1 to about 3% by weight. The addition of pulp as a low consistency slurry results in excess foaming liquid recovered from the forming wire. Excess foaming liquid is discharged from the system and can be used elsewhere or processed for the recovery of surfactants from it.

The ingredients may contain chemical additives to change the physical properties of the produced paper. These chemicals are well known to those skilled in the art and can be used in any known combination. Such additives can be surface modifiers, softeners, debonding agents, strength aids, latexes, sunscreens, optical brighteners, dyes, pigments, sizing agents, barrier chemicals, retention aids, non-solvents ( insolubilizer), organic or inorganic crosslinking agents or combinations thereof; the chemicals optionally include polyols, starches, PPG esters, PFG esters, phospholipids, surfactants,

200380104819.2 The first polyamine, HMCP or similar.

The pulp can be mixed with strength modifiers such as wet strength agents, dry strength agents, and debonding/softening agents, among others. Suitable wet strength agents are known to those skilled in the art. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive list of useful strength aids includes pyrrolidone resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins, polyamide epichlorohydrin resins, and the like. A thermosetting polyacrylamide is produced by reacting acrylamide with diallyl dimethyl ferric chloride (DADMAC) to produce a cationic polyacrylamide copolymer, which finally reacts with glyoxal , To produce cationic cross-linked wet strength resin, glyoxylated polyacrylamide. Usually in the U.S. Patent Nos. Coscia et al. These materials are disclosed in 3556932 and Williams et al. 3556933, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Such resins are commercially available from Bayer Corporation under the trade name PAREZ 631NC. Different molar ratios of acrylamide/-DADMAC/glyoxal can be used to produce cross-linked resins, which are used as wet strength agents. In addition, other dialdehydes can replace glyoxal to produce thermoset wet strength characteristics. Particularly useful is polyacrylamide epichlorohydrin wet strength resin, an example of which is sold under the trade names Kymene 557LX and Kymene 557H by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delaware and Amres® sold by Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. These resins and methods of making the resin are disclosed in US Patent No. 3700623 and US Patent No. 3772076, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In Espy's Wet Strength Res ins and Their Application (L. Chan, Editor, 1994) Chapter 2: Alkaline-Curing Polymeric Amine-Epichlorohydrin gives an in-depth description of the polymer epihalohydrin resin, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Westfelt discloses a reasonable comprehensive list of wet strength resins in Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Vol. 13, p. 813, 1979, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

A suitable temporary wet strength agent can also be included. A comprehensive but non-exhaustive list of useful temporary wet strength agents includes aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, including glyoxal, malondialdehyde, butanedialdehyde, glutaraldehyde and dialdehyde starches, as well as substituted or reacted starches, The reaction product of disaccharides, polysaccharides, chitosan, or other reacted polymers of monomers or polymers having aldehyde groups and optionally nitrogen groups. Representative nitrogen-containing polymers (which can suitably react with aldehyde-containing monomers or polymers) include vinyl amides, acrylamides, and related nitrogen-containing polymers. These polymers give aldehyde-containing reaction products

200380104819.2 The positive charge of the first object. In addition, other commercially available temporary wet strength agents may be used, such as PAREZ 745 manufactured by Cyte, and those disclosed in, for example, US Patent No. 4,605,702.

The temporary wet strength resin may be any of various water-soluble organic polymers containing aldehyde units and cationic units used to increase the dry and wet strength of paper products. Such resins are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4675394, 5240562, 5138002, 5085736, 4981557, 5008344, 4603176, 4983748, 4866151, 4804769 and 5217576. Modified starches sold under the trade names CO-BOND®1000 and CO-BOND®1000Plus by the National Starch and Chemical Company of Bridgewater, NJ can be used. Before use, it can be maintained at a temperature of about 2400°F and about

2. An aqueous slurry of about 5% solids at pH 7 for about 3.5 minutes to prepare a water-soluble polymer of cationic aldehyde. Finally, the slurry can be quenched and diluted by adding water to produce a mixture of about 1.0% solids at less than about 130°F.

Other temporary wet strength agents also available from National Starch and Chemical Company are sold under the trade names CO-BOND®1600 and CO-BOND®2 300. These starches are provided in the form of aqueous colloidal dispersions and do not require preheating before use.

Temporary wet strength agents such as glyoxylated polyacrylamide can be used. By reacting acrylamide with diallyl dimethyl chloride (DADMAC), a temporary wet strength agent such as glyoxylated polyacrylamide is produced to produce a cationic polyacrylamide copolymer, the cationic polyacrylamide The copolymer finally reacts with glyoxal to produce cationic crosslinked temporary or semi-permanent wet strength resin, glyoxylated polyacrylamide. These materials are generally disclosed in Coscia et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 3,556,932 and Williams et al., 3,556,933, both of which are incorporated by reference. This type of resin is commercially available from Cytec Industries under the trade name PAREZ 631NC. Different molar ratios of acrylamide/DADMAC/glyoxal can be used to produce cross-linked resins, which are used as wet strength agents. In addition, other dialdehydes can replace glyoxal to create wet strength characteristics.

Suitable dry strength agents include starch, guar gum, polyacrylamide, methylcellulose and the like. Particularly useful is methylcellulose, an example of which is sold under the trade name Hercules CMC by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Delware. According to one embodiment, the pulp may contain about 0 to about 151 b/ton dry strength agent. According to another embodiment,

200380104819.2 The first pulp may contain about 1 to about 51b/ton dry strength agent.

Suitable debonding agents are also known to those skilled in the art. Detackifiers or softeners can also be incorporated into the pulp or sprayed on the paper web after it is formed. The present invention can also be used with softener materials, including, but not limited to, amidoamine salts derived from partially acid-neutralized amines. This material is disclosed in US Patent No. 4720383. Evans, Chemistry and Industry, July 1969 5 El, ρρ. 893-903; Egan, J. Am. 0i 1 Chemist's Soc., Vol. 55 (1978), pp. 118-121; and J. Trivedi et al. Am. Oil Chemist's Soc., June 1981, pp. 754-756 (herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) proves that softeners are often only commercially available in the form of complex mixtures rather than simple compounds. Although the following discussion will focus on the main substances, it should be understood that in practice, commercially available mixtures are often used.

Quasoft 202-JR is a suitable softener material, which can be obtained by alkylating the condensation product of oleic acid and diethylenetriamine. Insufficient use of alkylating agent (such as diethyl sulfate) and only one step of alkylation, followed by adjustment of pH to protonate the synthesis conditions of non-ethylated substances, resulting in cationic ethylated and anionic non-ethylated substances Composition of the mixture. A small proportion (for example, about 10%) of the obtained amidoamine is cyclized into an imidazine compound. Since only the imiche part of these materials is a quaternary compound, the composition as a whole is pH sensitive. Therefore, in the practice of the present invention using such chemicals, the pH in the flow box should be about 6-8, more preferably 6-7, and most preferably 6.5-7.

Quaternary compounds, such as dialkyl dimethyl quaternary plating salts, are also particularly suitable when the alkyl group contains about 10 to 24 carbon atoms. The advantage of these compounds is that they are relatively insensitive to pH.

Biodegradable softeners can be used. Representative biodegradable cationic softeners/debonding agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,312,522, 5,415,737, 5262007, 5,264,082, and 5,223,096, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The compound is a diester of a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound, a quaternary amine ester, and a biodegradable vegetable oil-based ester functionalized with a quaternary chlorinated diester dicoryl dimethyl ferric chloride It is a representative biodegradable softener.

In some embodiments, particularly preferred debonding agent compositions include a quaternary amine component and a nonionic surfactant.

200380104819.2 The first newborn paper web is typically dehydrated on a papermaking felt. Any suitable blanket can be used. For example, the felt may have a double bottom weave, a triple bottom weave, or a laminated bottom weave. The preferred felts are those with a laminated bottom weave design. A particularly useful wet press felt of the present invention is AMFLex 3 manufactured by Voith Fabric. The background technology in the press felt field includes U.S. Patent Nos. 5,565,797, 5,368,696, 4,973,12, 5,023,132, 5225269, 5182164, 5372876, and 5,618,612₀The differential pressure blanket disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,533,437 to Curran et al. can also be used.

Suitable give-up fabrics include single-layer, multi-layer or composite materials, preferably open mesh structures. The fabric may have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) On the side of the fabric that is in contact with the wet web (the "top" side), the number (count) of single longitudinal (MD) yarns per inch is 10- 200, and the number of single yarns per inch (CD) is also 10-200; (2) The single yarn diameter is typically less than 0.050 inches; (3) On the top side, the highest in the MD knot The distance between the point and the highest point of the CD knot is about 0. 001 -About 0.02 or 0.03 inches; (4) There may be knots formed by either MD or CD single yarns between these two levels. The knots give the appearance of a three-dimensional mountain/gorge appearance, which is (5) The fabric can be oriented in any suitable way to achieve the desired effect in terms of processing and product properties; long warp knots can be on the top side to increase The MD ridge in the product, or if more CD ridges are desired, so that when the paper web is transferred from the transfer cylinder to the take-up fabric, the take-up characteristics are affected, and the long weft can be on the top side And (6) the fabric can show some pleasing geometric patterns, which are typically repeated every 2-50 warps. Suitable commercially available coarse fabrics include many fabrics manufactured by Asten Johnson Forming Fabrics, Inc., including without limitation Asten934, 920, 52B, and Velostar V-800. As described below, spitting tape can also be used.

The blasting adhesive used on the Yang Qi cylinder can be matched with the medium humidity paper web, when it is dried to 95% consistency or higher on the cylinder, preferably on the cylinder with a high-volume drying hood. , To promote the transfer from the quilted fabric to the Yang Qi and firmly fix the fabric to the Yang Qi cylinder. The adhesive is critical to stable system operation at high production speeds, and is a hygroscopic, rewettable, and substantially non-crosslinked adhesive. Examples of preferred adhesives include the general class of poly(ethylene) described in Soerens et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,528,316

200380104819.2 No. alcohol) those adhesives. Other suitable adhesives were disclosed in the pending U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/372255, filed on April 12, 2002, under the title "Improved Creping Adhesive Modifier and Process for Producing Paper Products (Attorney Docket No. 2394)" The disclosures of the '316 patent and the '255 patent are hereby incorporated by reference. Suitable adhesives are optionally provided with modifiers and the like. It is preferable that, in many cases, little or no crosslinking agent is used in the adhesive; so that the resin is substantially non-crosslinkable in use.

The starting binder may include thermosetting or non-thermosetting resins, film-forming semi-crystalline polymers and optionally inorganic crosslinking agents and modifiers. Optionally, the generating adhesive of the present invention may also include any components known in the art, including, but not limited to, organic crosslinking agents, oils, surfactants or plasticizers.

The generation modifier that can be used includes a quaternary complex containing at least one acyclic amide. The quaternary complex may also contain one or more nitrogen atoms (or other atoms) that can react with the alkylating or quaternizing agent. These alkylating or quaternizing agents may contain 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 acyclic amide-containing groups. Use the following structure to represent an amide-containing group: ο

II r₇- C_NH- where R? and R8 are acyclic molecular chains of organic or inorganic atoms.

The preferred acyclic bisamide organoiron complex may have the following formula:

R]- C_NHR₅One hr- NH-C-R₂ <4 where R] and R2 can be long-chain acyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups; R3 and & can be long-chain acyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups, halogen, hydroxide, alkoxylation Fatty acid, alkoxylated fatty alcohol, polyethylene oxide or organic alcohol group; and R5 and R6 may be long-chain acyclic saturated or unsaturated aliphatic groups. Based on the total solids of the tacky adhesive composition, the modifier ranges from about 0.05% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 20%, and most preferably from about 1%

200380104819.2 No.

-Approximately 18% of the amount is present in the adhesive.

Modifiers include those available from Goldschmidt Corporation of Essen/Germany or Process Application Corporation based on Washington Crossing, PA. Suitable starting modifiers from Goldschmidt Corporation include, but are not limited to, VARISOFT®222LM, VARISOFT®222, VARISOFT®110, VARISOFT®222LT, VARISOFT®110DEG, and VARISOFT®238. Suitable starting modifiers from Process Application Corporation include, but are not limited to, PALS0FT 580 FDA or PALSOFT 580C.

Other generation modifiers used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, those compounds described in WO 01/85109, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The starting adhesives usable in accordance with the present invention include any thermosetting or non-thermosetting resin known in the art. The resin of the present invention is preferably selected from thermosetting and non-thermosetting polyamide resins or glyoxylated polyacrylamide resins. The polyamide used in the present invention may be a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated polyamide.

The polyamide resin that can be used in the present invention may include the same type of polyaminoamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin as the total type used in the wet strength resin. For example, the title of H. Epsy is Alkaline-Curing Polymeric Amine-Epichlorohydrin Resins, Chapter 2 of Wet Strength Resins and Their Applications^w PAE resins are described in, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The preferred PAE resins that can be used in the present invention include epihalohydrin, preferably epichlorohydrin, and water-soluble polyamides having secondary amino groups (which are derived from polyalkylene polyamines) and containing about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms The saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is a water-soluble polymer reaction product.

A non-exhaustive list of non-thermosetting cationic polyamide resins can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,338,807 to Epsy et al., and is incorporated herein by reference. A non-thermosetting resin can be synthesized by directly reacting a polyamide aqueous solution of dicarboxylic acid and methyl bis (3-aminopropyl) amine with epichlorohydrin. The carboxylic acid may include saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having about 2-12 carbon atoms, including, for example, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid (pilemic), Suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid and terephthalic acid. Adipic acid and glutaric acid are preferred, with adipic acid being most preferred.

200380104819.2 The ester of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and aromatic dicarboxylic acid (such as phthalic acid), and the combination of such dicarboxylic acid or ester can be used.

The thermosetting polyamide resin useful in the present invention can be produced from the reaction product of an epihalohydrin resin and a polyamide containing a secondary or tertiary amine. In the preparation of this resin, dicarboxylic acid is first reacted with polyalkylene polyamine, optionally in an aqueous solution, under conditions suitable for producing water-soluble polyamide. By reacting the water-soluble amide with epihalohydrin, especially epichlorohydrin, the preparation of the resin is completed to form a water-soluble thermosetting resin.

The preparation of the water-soluble thermosetting polyamide-epihalohydrin resin is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,926,116, 3,058,873, and 3,772,076 to Kiem, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Polyamide resins can be based on DETA instead of general polyamines. Two examples of this polyamide resin structure are given below. Structure 1 shows two types of end groups: diacid and monoacid groups:

<img file="CN100465375C_D0001.tif" />

Structure 1 Structure 2 shows a polymer with one end group based on a diacid group and the other end group based on a nitrogen group:

Structure 2 Note that although both structures are based on DETA, other polyamines can be used to form the polymer, including those that can have tertiary amide side chains.

The viscosity of the polyamide resin is about 80 to about 800 centipoise and the total solids is about 5% to about 40%. The polyamide resin is present in the supply adhesive of the present invention in an amount of about 0% to about 99.5%. According to another embodiment, the polyamide resin is present in the supply adhesive in an amount of about 20% to about 80%. In yet another embodiment, based on the total solids of the starting adhesive composition, the polyamide resin is present in the starting adhesive in an amount of about 40% to about 60%.

Available from Ondeo-Nalco Corporation in Naperville, Illinois, and

200380104819.2 No.

Hercules Corporation of Wilmington, Delware obtains the polyamide resin used in the present invention. The generating binder resins from Ondeo-Nalco Corporation that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, CREPECCEL® 675NT. CREPECCEL® 675P and CREPECCEL® 690HA_o Suitable starting adhesives available from Hercules Corporation include, but are not limited to, HERCULES 82-176&gt; Unisoft 805 and CREPETROL A-6115.

Other polyamide resins that can be used in the present invention include, for example, those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,961,781 and 6,133,405, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The starting adhesive may also include film-forming semi-crystalline polymers. The film-forming semi-crystalline polymers useful in the present invention may be selected from, for example, hemicellulose, cetomethylcellulose, and most preferably include polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). The average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used in the adhesive can be about 13,000 to about 124,000 Daltons. According to one embodiment, the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol is about 80% to about 99.9%. According to another embodiment, the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol is about 85%-95%. In yet another embodiment, the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol is from about 86% to about 90%. In addition, according to one embodiment, the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol measured using a 4% aqueous solution at 20° C. is about 2 to about 100 centipoise. According to another embodiment, the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol is about 10 to about 70 centipoise. In yet another embodiment, the viscosity of polyvinyl alcohol is about 20 to about 50 centipoise.

Typically, polyvinyl alcohol is present in the starting adhesive in an amount of about 10%-90% or 20%-about 80% or higher. In some embodiments, based on the total solids of the adhesive composition, polyvinyl alcohol is present in the adhesive in an amount of about 40% to about 60% by weight.

Polyvinyl alcohols that can be used in the present invention include those available from Monsanto Chemical Co. and Celanese Chemical. Suitable polyvinyl alcohols available from Monsanto Chemical Co. include Gelvatols, which include, but are not limited to, GELVATOL 1-90, GELVATOL 3-60, GELVATOL 20-30. GELVATOL 1-30. GELVATOL 20-90 and GELVAT0L 20-60_oRegarding Gelvatols, the first number represents the percentage of polyvinyl acetate remaining and the next series of numbers when multiplied by 1000 gives the value corresponding to the average molecular weight.

200380104819.2 Celanese Chemical's polyvinyl alcohol products (previously known as Air Products from Air Products until October 2000) that can be used in starting adhesives are listed as follows:

Table ί Polyvinyl alcohol used for the adhesive

<td>grade</td><td>% Degree of hydrolysis,</td><td>Viscosity</td><td>pH</td><td>Maximum volatile matter%</td><td>Maximum Ash 30</td>

<td>Super hydrolysis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Celvol 125</td><td>99.3+</td><td>28-32</td><td>5.5-7.5</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 165</td><td>99.3+</td><td>62-72</td><td>5.5-7.5</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Fully hydrolyzed</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Celvol 103</td><td>98.0-98.8</td><td>3.5-4.5</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 305</td><td>9&amp;0-9&amp;8</td><td>45-5.5</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 107</td><td>98.0-98.8</td><td>5.5-6.6</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 310</td><td>98.0-98.8</td><td>9.0-11.0</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 325</td><td>98.0-98.8</td><td>2&amp;0-32.0</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Celvol 350</td><td>98.0-98.8</td><td>62-72</td><td>5.0-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>1.2</td>

<td>Moderate hydrolysis</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Celvol 418</td><td>91.0-93.0</td><td>14.5-19,5</td><td>4.5-7.0</td><td>5</td><td>0.9</td>

<td>Celvol 425</td><td>95.5-96.5</td><td>27-31</td><td>4.5-6.5</td><td>5</td><td>0.9</td>

<td>Partially hydrolyzed</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Celvol 502</td><td>87.0-89.0</td><td>3.0-3.7</td><td>4.5-6.5</td><td>5</td><td>0.9</td>

<td>Celvol 203</td><td>87.0-89.0</td><td>3.545</td><td>4.5-6.5</td><td>5</td><td>0.9</td>

<td>Celvol 205</td><td>87.0-89.0</td><td>5.2-6.2</td><td>4.5-6.5</td><td>5</td><td>0.7</td>

<td>Celvol 513</td><td>86Ό-89.0</td><td>13-15</td><td>4.5-6.5</td><td>5</td><td>0.7</td>

<td>Celvol 523</td><td>87.0-89.0</td><td>23-27</td><td>4.0-6.0</td><td>5</td><td>0.5</td>

<td>Celvol 540</td><td>87.0-89.0</td><td>45-55</td><td>4.0-6.0</td><td>5</td><td>0.5</td>

% Aqueous solution, starting at 20%, the binder may also include one or more inorganic cross-linking salts or cross-linking agents. In the context of the present invention, it is considered that it is best to use little or no such additives. A non-exhaustive list of polyvalent metal ions includes calcium, shellfish, titanium, foil, ytterbium, iron, cobalt, cobalt, zinc, zinc, tin, tin, corrugated metal, iron, iron, selenium, and selenium. Mixtures of metal ions can be used. Preferred anions include acetate, formate, hydroxide, carbonate, chloride, sulfide, iodide, sulfate, tartrate and phosphate. An example of a preferred inorganic crosslinking salt is a wrong salt. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the available zirconium salt may be selected from zirconium compounds having a +4 valence state, such as zirconium iron carbonate, zirconium acetylacetonate, zirconium acetate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium sulfate, zirconium phosphate, zirconium potassium carbonate, and phosphoric acid. Sodium aluminum and sodium tartrate. Suitable wrong compounds include, for example, in the U.S. Patent

200380104819.2 No.

Those described in No. 6207011, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The inorganic cross-linking salt may be present in the adhesive agent in an amount of about 0% to about 30%.

In another embodiment, the inorganic crosslinking agent may be present in the adhesive agent in an amount of about 1% to about 20%. In yet another embodiment, the inorganic cross-linking salt may be present in the foaming adhesive in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight based on the total solids of the foaming adhesive composition. The wrong compounds usable according to the present invention include those available from EKA Chemicals Co. (formerly Hopton Industries) and Magnesium Elektron, Inc. Suitable commercial compounds available from EKA Chemicals Co. are AZCOTE 5800M and AZCOTE 5000, and commercial compounds available from Magnesium Elektron, Inc. are AZC or KZC.

Optionally, the damper binder of the present invention may include any other known components, including, but not limited to, organic crosslinking agents, base oils, surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, humectants, enhancers Plasticizer or other surface treatment agents. An extensive but non-exhaustive list of organic crosslinking agents includes glyoxal, maleic acid liver, bismaleimide, bisacrylamide, and epihalohydrin. The organic crosslinking agent may be a cyclic or acyclic compound. Plasticizers that can be used in the present invention may include propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and glycerin.

The priming adhesive can be applied as a single composition or can be applied in the form of its individual components. More specifically, the polyamide resin can be applied independently of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and modifiers.

The typical operating conditions of the papermaking process described herein may include a water flow rate of about 120 to about 200 gallons per minute per inch of head box width. KYMENE SLX wet strength resin can be added at the storage pump of the machine chamber (chest) at a speed of about 201bs/ton, and at the same time downstream of the machine chamber, but CMC-7MT is added before the blower pump. Add CMC-7MT at a rate of about 31bs/ton.

If a twin-wire forming machine is used as shown in Figure 19, the nascent paper web is conditioned with a vacuum box and steam hood until it reaches a solid content suitable for transfer to a dewatering felt. The new paper web can be transferred to the felt with the aid of vacuum. In the moon bud-shaped lace forming machine, these steps are not needed because the new paper web is formed between the forming fabric and the felt. After further fabric raising as described below, the paper web can be pressed onto the Yang Qi dryer in a pattern at a pressure of about 200 to about 400 pounds per line inch (pli). The Yang Qi dryer can be conditioned with a binder containing about 40% polyvinyl alcohol, about 60% PAE, and about 1.5% modifier. Polyvinyl alcohol typical

200380104819.2 The first place is a low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (87-89% hydrolyzed) obtained from Air Products under the trade name AIRV0L 523. PAE is a 16% aqueous solution of a 100% cross-linked polyaminoamide epichlorohydrin copolymer of adipic acid and diethylene triamine, which is obtained from Ondeo-Na 1co under the trade name NALCO 690HA. The starting modifier can be a mixture of 47% 2-phenoxyethyl bis(2-alkylamidoethyl) methyl iron sulfate and an alkyl group containing stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Other acyclic alkyl and alkoxy amides and diamides, which are available from Process Applications, Ltd. under the trade name PALSOFT 580C.₀ 0040g/m²The amount applied. After the paper web is transferred to the Yangqi dryer, pressurized steam is used to heat the Yangqi dryer and the high-speed air chamber to dry it to a solid content of about 95% or about. The scraper is used to squeeze the paper web and wind it on the winder. The linear load at the starting blade and the cleaning blade can be, for example, about 50 pli_o 19 is a schematic diagram of the paper machine 10, which has a conventional double-wire forming section 12 suitable for implementing the present invention, a felt run device (felt run) 14, a shoe press section 16, a raw fabric 18 and Yang Qi dryingDevice20. The forming portion 12 includes a pair of forming fabrics 22, 24 supported by a plurality of rods 26, 38, 30, 32, 34, 36 and forming spokes 38. The flow box 40 provides papermaking furnish to the gap 42 between the forming roller 38 and the crane 26 and the fabric. The furnishes form a nascent paper web 44, which is dewatered on the fabric with vacuum assistance, for example by a vacuum box 46.

The virgin fabric is directed onto the papermaking felt 48 supported by the plurality of rollers 50, 52, 54, 55, and the felt is brought into contact with the shoe-shaped press spoke 56. The paper web has a low consistency when transferred to the felt. The transfer may be assisted by a vacuum; for example, the roller 50 may be a vacuum assembly (if required) or a liquid feeding or vacuum shoe stick known in the art. When the paper web reaches the shoe press, its consistency is 10-25%, preferably 20-25% or about, when it enters the gap 58 between the shoe press spoke 56 and the transfer roller 60. If necessary, the transfer spoke 60 may be heated. The roller 56 can be a conventional suction pressure crane instead of a shoe-shaped pressing roller. If a shoe press is used, it is desirable and preferred that the spoke 54 be a vacuum so as to effectively remove water from the felt when the felt enters the shoe press's spoke gap, because the water from the ingredients will be pressed in the shoe press The machine roller is squeezed into the blanket. In any case, it is generally desirable to use a vacuum spoke at 54 to ensure that the paper web and the felt remain in contact during the change of direction.

200380104819.2 can be understood by those skilled in the art from the figure.

With the aid of the pressure shoe roller 62, the paper web 44 is wet pressed onto the felt in the spoke gap 58. Thus, the paper web is squeezed and dewatered at 58 typically by increasing the consistency by 15 or more points at this stage of the process. The structure shown at 58 is generally referred to as a shoe press; the cylinder 60 related to the present invention operates as a transfer cylinder, in which the transfer cylinder is operated, and the paper web 44 is operated at a high speed, typically 100Ofpm-6000fpm Transfer to the fabric from the rusty fabric.

The cylinder 60 has a smooth surface 64 which may be equipped with an adhesive and/or a release agent as needed. The paper web 44 adheres to the transfer surface 64 of the cylinder 60, wherein as the paper web continues to travel in the longitudinal direction indicated by the arrow 66, the cylinder 60 rotates at a high angular velocity. Within the cylinder, the paper web 44 has a generally random fiber appearance distribution.

The direction 66 is referred to as the machine direction (MD) of the paper web and paper machine 10; and the cross machine direction (CD) is the direction of the plane of the paper web perpendicular to the MD.

The paper web 44 typically enters the spoke gap 58 with a consistency of 10-25% or about and is dewatered and dried to a consistency of about 25 to about 70, at which point it is transferred to the lifting fabric 18, as shown in the figure.

The fabric 18 is supported on the plurality of rollers 68, 70, 72 and the press spokes 74 and forms a fabric feeder gap 76 with the transfer cylinder 60, as shown.

The raising fabric defines the distance between the raising interstices within which the raising fabric 18 is suitable for contact with the roller 60, that is, enough pressure is applied to the paper web against the transfer cylinder. To this end, the supporting (or feeding) spoke 70 may be equipped with a soft deformable surface, which will increase the length of the web gap and increase the fabric angle between the fabric and the sheet, and the contact point or Shoe-shaped press spokes can be used as sticks 70 to increase effective contact with the paper web in the high-impact fabric forming spokes 76, where the paper web 44 is transferred to the fabric 18 and travels in the longitudinal direction. . By using different equipment at the gap of the lifting rod, the fabric lifting angle or the exit angle of leaving the lifting gap can be adjusted. Therefore, by adjusting these rod gap parameters, the nature and amount of fiber redistribution can be affected, and delamination/debonding that may occur at the fabric starting gap 76 can be achieved. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to reconstruct the z-direction inter-fiber features, while in other cases, it may be desirable to achieve performance only in the plane of the paper web. The parameters of the blasting roller gap can affect the distribution of fibers in the paper web in various directions, including the changes in the z-direction and the MD and CD. In any case, from the transfer circle

200380104819.2 The transfer of the first tube to the terry fabric is high-impact, because the fabric advances at a slower speed than the paper web and undergoes significant speed changes. Typically, during the transfer from the transfer cylinder to the fabric, the fabric is lifted from anywhere from 10-60% and even higher.

The starting gap 76 usually extends anywhere from about 1/8" to about 2", and typically 1 /2" to 2". For a tumbled fabric having 32 CD strands per inch, the paper web 44 then encounters about 4-64 weft filaments anywhere in the gap.

The radial gap pressure in the rod gap 76, that is, the load between the support rod 70 and the transfer rod 60, is suitably 20-100, preferably 40-70 pounds per line inch (PLI).

After the fabric is raised, the paper web continues to travel along the MD66, where it is wet pressed onto the Yang Qi cylinder 80 in the transfer gap 82. The transfer at the gap 82 occurs at a paper web consistency of usually about 25 to 70%. At these consistency, it is difficult to adhere the paper web to the surface 84 of the cylinder 80, which is strong enough to completely remove the paper web from the fabric. This aspect of the method is important, especially when it is desired to use a high-speed drying hood and maintain high-impact dampening conditions.

In this regard, it is noted that the conventional TAD method does not use a high-speed cover, because sufficient adhesion to Yang Qi cannot be achieved.

It has been found that, according to the present invention, a specific adhesive is used with a medium-humidity paper web (2570% consistency) to fully adhere it to the Yang Qi to facilitate the high-speed operation of the system and the high jet velocity impact air drying. In this regard, the poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyamide adhesive composition as described above is applied at 86 as needed.

The paper web is dried by impinging air on the Yangqi cylinder 80 (which is a drying cylinder) and by means of the high jet velocity in the Yangqi cover 88. When the cylinder rotates, the paper web 44 is lifted from the cylinder by the squeegee 89 and wound around the curling web 90. The wavy lifting scraper can be used to carry out the step of lifting the paper by the Yang Qi dryer, as disclosed in US Patent No. 5690788, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. It shows that the use of a wavy feed scraper produces several advantages when used in the production of tissue paper products. Generally speaking, when compared with the equivalent tissue paper products produced by the conventional scraper, the thin paper products used for the wavy scraper have higher paper thickness (thickness), increased CD stretch and high Pore volume. All of these changes produced by the use of wavy doctor blades tend to be related to the improved softness feel of tissue paper products.

200380104819.2 First, when the wet process is used, impingement air dryers, full dry dryers or multiple tank dryers can be used instead of Yang Qi dryers. Impingement air dryers are disclosed in the following patents and applications, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference:

U.S. Patent No. 5865955 by IIvespaaet et al.

U.S. Patent No. 5968590 by Ahonen et al.

U.S. Patent No. 6001421 by Ahonen et al.

U.S. Patent No. 6119362 by Sundqvist, etc., titled Wet Crepe, U.S. Patent Application No. 09/733172 for Impingment-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, is now U.S. Patent No. 6432267_O The all-dry unit is well known in the art and is disclosed in Cole et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,432,936, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, as in U.S. Patent No. 5,851,353 (which discloses a tank drying system).

Figure 20 shows a preferred paper machine 10 used in conjunction with the present invention. The paper machine 10 is a loop forming machine for three kinds of fabrics, which has a forming part 12 that is commonly referred to in the art as a lunar lace. The forming part 12 includes a forming wire 22 supported by a plurality of spokes, such as 32,35. The forming part also includes forming spokes 38 that support the papermaking felt 48 to form the paper web 44 directly on the felt 48₀The felt running device 14 extends to the shoe press section 16, where the moist paper web is deposited on the support roller 60 as described above. After that, before depositing on the Yangqi dryer 20 in another press nip 82, the paper web 44 is napped on the fabric 18 in the nip 76 of the fabric nip. In some embodiments, the system includes vacuum turning spokes 54; however, the three loop-forming systems can be constructed in various ways, where no turning spokes are required. This feature is especially important in conjunction with the rebuild of the paper machine, because of the cost of re-arranging related equipment, namely pulping or fiber processing equipment and/or large and expensive drying equipment such as Yang Qi dryers or multiple tank dryers Make the modification too expensive, unless the improvement can make it compatible with the existing equipment. In this regard, various improvements and modifications to the paper machine 10 of FIG. 20 can be made in conjunction with the description of FIGS. 21, 22 and 23.

FIG. 21 is a partial schematic view of the forming part 12 in the paper machine 10 of FIG. 20. The forming spoke 38 is a kind of vacuum spoke, where the application of vacuum is illustrated at 39. Edge-shaped flower in the moon bud

200380104819.2 The heavy sheet on the first side forming machine usually refers to the felt carrying excess water. In shoe press operation, this extra water increases the possibility of crushing in the crevices of the press. The most common is to use a suction spoke with a relatively high blanket wrap before the shoe press nip to remove excess water. The roller requires a relatively large amount of vacuum to lower the felt water to the point where the radial gap will not squeeze out. The use of vacuum forming rollers eliminates the need for further vacuum to be applied to the felt, as the paper web travels through the device. In this way, the applied vacuum can be used more effectively to reduce the water in the carpet. The increased efficiency also comes from another device. In the forming part of a modern crescent-shaped lace forming machine, the forming fabric tension can be as high as 70 pounds per thread inch. If the diameter of the forming roller is, for example, 50 inches, and the tension in the forming fabric is 50 pli, the auxiliary pressure applied to the sheet is about 2 psi (P, psi=T, pli/Radius, in or P=50/25 =2)_o This advantageous additional 2 psi is added to the existing vacuum at the "expensive" end of the vacuum curve to improve the economics of the process.

Installing soft covering spokes 35 inside the forming fabric loop of the lunar bud-shaped lace forming machine can further assist in pushing the felt water into the vacuum forming spokes, and thus further improve the dehydration of the felt without adding more expensive vacuum power. This structure is shown in Figures 21 and 22. Note that the assisted dewatering by fabric stretching is on the order of about 2 psi; for example, in the present invention, if a soft cover roller (for uniform CD matching) shows a 1-inch wide spoke gap, then load the spoke To a relatively low level, such as 20pli, the extra pushing pressure on the water in the blanket is 10 times that of the fabric alone, and in terms of vacuum pressure or required flow, it will no longer be worthwhile. In fact, this additional load may actually reduce the air exchange volume encountered at a given pressure drop.

As a further way to reduce the complexity of the forming part, in FIG. 21, soft covering spokes, such as spokes 35, can be used as fabric revolving spokes, as shown in FIG. 22. The stick 35 can function as a pressing stick and a rotating spoke for forming the wire web 22. Usually in a lunar bud edge lace forming machine, this will not be feasible, because the blanket-gauge separation vacuum pulse is required to effectively transfer the sheet from the forming wire to the blanket. However, in the present invention, the vacuum inside the forming crane can help transfer and make the forming part as compactly constructed as required.

As shown in Figure 23, still further flexibility is achieved by tilting the blanket 48 upwards. In Fig. 23, the rollover running device provided in the spoke gap 58 and the shoe shape shown at 16

200380104819.2 The first press. The paper machine 10 can be constructed here. By omitting the vacuum radiation as shown in Fig. 19 or Fig. 20, the existing equipment can be maximized, so that fabric cleaning or other equipment can be arranged as needed to improve the existing equipment during the construction process. Minimize the need for equipment.

Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the high impact pick-up of the paper web at the fabric feed-nip is the outstanding feature of the present invention, in which the paper web is rearranged on the fabric and the inter-fiber bonding of the fabric is reshaped. , In order to achieve high bulk density and water absorption, despite the fact that the paper web is squeezed or mechanically dewatered to a relatively high consistency on the papermaking felt in the shoe press. Therefore, it is possible to avoid excessive squeezing caused by accumulation and squeezing when Yang Qi is in the suction pressure spoke. According to the properties of the paper webs listed below, it can be understood that the paper web produced by the method of the present invention exhibits unexpectedly high bulk density, water absorption, and stretch in the case of extrusion dehydrated products.

Table 2 below includes the typical operating conditions of the paper machine 10; and Table 3 lists the product properties of the high-impact fabric.

Tables 4 and 5 summarize the selected products, and compare them with existing products in Table 6 and Figures 24 and 25 (which are graphs of water absorption contrast). Figures 26-32 show the effect of fabric priming ratio and various other variables on the performance achieved by the present invention.

200380104819.2 No.

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200380104819.2 No.

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200380104819.2 No.

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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

200380104819.2 No.

<td>sample</td><td>Paper basis weight lb/3000ft^A2</td><td>Paper thickness: 8 sheets mils/8 sht</td><td>Tension MDβ/3ίη</td><td>Stretch MD%</td><td>Tension CDg/3in</td><td>Stretch CD%</td><td>Tension GMg/3 in.</td><td>Dry Rabbi%</td><td>Wet pull Finch curing-CDβ/3 in.</td>

<td>1-1</td><td>19.8^</td><td>^r 62.88</td><td>4606</td><td>1&amp;5</td><td>3133</td><td>5.2</td><td>3780</td><td>1.523 force 10</td><td>996.92</td>

<td>1-2</td><td>2056</td><td>► 61.86</td><td>4684</td><td>22.1</td><td>3609</td><td>5.2</td><td>4111</td><td>1.2981323</td><td>],266.53</td>

<td>1-3</td><td>20.68</td><td>60.00</td><td>4474</td><td>23.7</td><td>3836</td><td>5.1</td><td>4137</td><td>1.1687330</td><td>1,204.89</td>

<td>Bu 4</td><td>20.6S</td><td>61.46</td><td>4409</td><td>26,4</td><td>3978</td><td>4.6</td><td>4188</td><td>1.1090470</td><td>1,227.87</td>

<td>1-5</td><td>2O.5C</td><td>62.60</td><td>4439</td><td>23.6</td><td>3863</td><td>5.1</td><td>4140</td><td>1.1502550</td><td>995.75</td>

<td>1-6</td><td>20.19</td><td>62.44</td><td>3793</td><td>23.5</td><td>3598</td><td>5.5</td><td>3693</td><td>1Ό538107</td><td>955.01</td>

<td>1-7</td><td>20.50</td><td>61.94</td><td>3895</td><td>25.2</td><td>3439</td><td>5.3</td><td>3660</td><td>1.1323913</td><td>999.16</td>

<td>1-8</td><td>20.80</td><td>60.58</td><td>3904</td><td>24.8</td><td>3608</td><td>5.5</td><td>3752</td><td>1.0820923</td><td>969.49</td>

<td>1-9</td><td>20.68</td><td>57.72</td><td>3986</td><td>23.6</td><td>3350</td><td>5.3</td><td>3652</td><td>1.1906527</td><td>978.24</td>

<td>1-10</td><td>20.69</td><td>62.14</td><td>3800</td><td>23.6</td><td>3282</td><td>5.5</td><td>3531</td><td>1.1589873</td><td>824.23</td>

<td>1-11</td><td>22.35</td><td>6&amp;48</td><td>2905</td><td>25.6</td><td>2795</td><td>5,0</td><td>2849</td><td>1.0410453</td><td>723.88</td>

<td>2-1</td><td>19.58</td><td>77.44</td><td>3218</td><td>24.0</td><td>3847</td><td>4.7</td><td>3518</td><td>0.8369987</td><td>1,130.23</td>

<td>2-2</td><td>20.23</td><td>62.04</td><td>3926</td><td>25.7</td><td>3078</td><td>5.6</td><td>3477</td><td>1.2757220</td><td>843.49</td>

<td>2-3</td><td>20.44</td><td>60.06</td><td>4240</td><td>24.9</td><td>2729</td><td>5.5</td><td>3401</td><td>1.5554780</td><td>809.07</td>

<td>2-4</td><td>19.50</td><td>57.50</td><td>3504</td><td>24.5</td><td>3097</td><td>4.9</td><td>3292</td><td>1.1345120</td><td>832.34</td>

<td>2-5</td><td>19.91</td><td>61.20</td><td>3668</td><td>25.4</td><td>3068</td><td>4.9</td><td>3354</td><td>1.1959187</td><td>1,046.25</td>

<td>2-6</td><td>20.50</td><td>59.48</td><td>3611</td><td>25.9</td><td>3563</td><td>5.4</td><td>3587</td><td>1.0141063</td><td>1,078.93</td>

<td>2-7</td><td>20.37</td><td>60.48</td><td>4132</td><td>23.2</td><td>3616</td><td>4.4</td><td>3864</td><td>1.1433700</td><td>982.13</td>

<td>2-8</td><td>20.84</td><td>61.56</td><td>3761</td><td>26.5</td><td>3559</td><td>5.0</td><td>3658</td><td>1.0581430</td><td>1,08&amp;29</td>

<td>2-9</td><td>20.13</td><td>56.38</td><td>4008</td><td>23.2</td><td>3950</td><td>4.6</td><td>3976</td><td>1.0163267</td><td>1,103.56</td>

<td>2-10</td><td>20.19</td><td>60.28</td><td>3921</td><td>23.2</td><td>3658</td><td>4,4</td><td>3786</td><td>1.0737743</td><td>1,176.74</td>

<td>2-11</td><td>20.01</td><td>5&amp;08</td><td>4061</td><td>21.2</td><td>3725</td><td>4.5</td><td>3887</td><td>1,0922847</td><td>1,239.30</td>

<td>242</td><td>20.34</td><td>62.30</td><td>3644</td><td>22.3</td><td>3353</td><td>4.2</td><td>3494</td><td>1.0901400</td><td>1,055.76</td>

<td>2-13</td><td>19.36</td><td>56.52</td><td>3474</td><td>23.1</td><td>3254</td><td>4.2</td><td>3358</td><td>1.0724343</td><td>115.79</td>

<td>3-1</td><td>20.03</td><td>67.00</td><td>2547</td><td>24.7</td><td>2432</td><td>4.4</td><td>2488</td><td>1.0486153</td><td>71.69</td>

<td>3-2</td><td>19.37</td><td>55.22</td><td>3607</td><td>21.8</td><td>3588</td><td>4.2</td><td>3596</td><td>1.0064937</td><td>99.86</td>

<td>3-3</td><td>19.54</td><td>56.16</td><td>3519</td><td>20.3</td><td>3372</td><td>4.4</td><td>3444</td><td>1.0445673</td><td>92.77</td>

<td>3-4</td><td>15.13</td><td>51.18</td><td>2873</td><td>23.7</td><td>3016</td><td>4.4</td><td>2943</td><td>0.9522983</td><td>659.93</td>

<td>3-5</td><td>14.95</td><td>52Ό6</td><td> 2663</td><td>§</td><td>1992</td><td>5.0</td><td>^2299</td><td>1.3529480</td><td>628：42</td>

<td>3-6</td><td>14.93</td><td>52.20</td><td>2692</td><td>22.8</td><td>2181</td><td>5.0</td><td>2422</td><td>1.2362143</td><td>653.00</td>

<td>3-7</td><td>14.70</td><td>53.12</td><td>2626</td><td>23.7</td><td>2260</td><td>4.8</td><td>2436</td><td>1.1617173</td><td>688.65</td>

<td>3-8</td><td>15.15</td><td>53.68</td><td>2500</td><td>233</td><td>2319</td><td>5.5</td><td>2407</td><td>1.0789143</td><td>575.97</td>

<td>3-9</td><td>15.08</td><td>54.02</td><td>2525</td><td>23.6</td><td>2273</td><td>5.2</td><td>2396</td><td>1.1105663</td><td>575.91</td>

<td>3-10</td><td>15.11</td><td>53Ό4</td><td>2453</td><td>23.3</td><td>2202</td><td>4.8</td><td>2323</td><td>1.1156770</td><td>625.81</td>

<td>3-11</td><td>15.54</td><td>53.12</td><td>2721</td><td>24.4</td><td>2337</td><td>5.2</td><td>2522</td><td>11638033</td><td>674.02</td>

<td>3-12</td><td>15.54</td><td>54.04</td><td>2524</td><td>23.2</td><td>2268</td><td>5.4</td><td>2387</td><td>1.1276000</td><td>715.30</td>

<td>3-13</td><td>16.03</td><td>57.40</td><td>2319</td><td>24.9</td><td>1822</td><td>4.9</td><td>2054</td><td>1,2758480</td><td>529.99</td>

200380104819.2 Table 3 (continued)-

<td>sample</td><td>Paper basis weight lb/3000ft^A2</td><td></td><td>Tension MD trap in</td><td>Stretch MD%</td><td>Tension CDg/3in</td><td>Stretch CD%</td><td>Tension GM</td><td>Dry Rabbi%</td><td>Wet pull Hnch curing-CDg/3 in.</td>

<td>4-1</td><td>15.19</td><td>56.72</td><td>2243</td><td>26』</td><td>2081</td><td>5.7</td><td>2159</td><td>1.0810010</td><td>574.78</td>

<td>4-2</td><td>15.23</td><td>56.62</td><td>2517</td><td>27.2</td><td>2387</td><td>5.4</td><td>2450</td><td>1.0549993</td><td>62445</td>

<td>4-3</td><td>16,42</td><td>68.26</td><td>2392</td><td>36.2</td><td>2628</td><td>5.7</td><td>2506</td><td>0.9109697</td><td>686.76</td>

<td>4-4</td><td>16.27</td><td>62.82</td><td>2101</td><td>35.7</td><td>2198</td><td>6.0</td><td>2149</td><td>0.9562577</td><td>550.84</td>

<td>4-5</td><td>1&amp;66</td><td>80.40</td><td>2055</td><td>52.6</td><td>2692</td><td>6.0</td><td>2352</td><td>0.7643983</td><td>604.63</td>

<td>4-6</td><td>17.54</td><td>78.22</td><td>1741</td><td>545</td><td>2326</td><td>6.0</td><td>2011</td><td>0.7499683</td><td>606.87</td>

<td>4-7</td><td>15.69</td><td>73.08</td><td>1350</td><td>53.9</td><td>2085</td><td>7.5</td><td>1677</td><td>0.6474557</td><td>495.32</td>

<td>4-8</td><td>13.43</td><td>67.62</td><td>918</td><td>48.1</td><td>1569</td><td>7.8</td><td>1200</td><td>0.5849340</td><td>441.99</td>

<td>4-9</td><td>17.37</td><td>81.92</td><td>1651</td><td>53.0</td><td>2262</td><td>6.0</td><td>1932</td><td>0.7304977</td><td>346.16</td>

<td>440</td><td>17.96</td><td>8342</td><td>2397</td><td>55.2</td><td>1693</td><td>7.5</td><td>2014</td><td>1.4165033</td><td>453.38</td>

<td>5-1</td><td>15.25</td><td>53.80</td><td>3133</td><td>28.5</td><td>1403</td><td>7.4</td><td>2096</td><td>2.2372990</td><td>417.16</td>

<td>5-2</td><td>15.30</td><td>52.22</td><td>2763</td><td>28.9</td><td>1969</td><td>6.4</td><td>2332</td><td>1.4042303</td><td>540.96</td>

<td>5-3</td><td>15.27</td><td>54.42</td><td>2739</td><td>27.9</td><td>1949</td><td>6.2</td><td>2310</td><td>1.4051727</td><td>584,31</td>

<td>5-4</td><td>14.26</td><td>49.20</td><td>2724</td><td>22.3</td><td>1911</td><td>6.0</td><td>2280</td><td>1.4301937</td><td>492.39</td>

<td>5-5</td><td>15.01</td><td>51.50</td><td>2871</td><td>245</td><td>1846</td><td>6.3</td><td>2302</td><td>1.5558130</td><td>493.79</td>

<td>5-6</td><td>16.32</td><td>66.38</td><td>2675</td><td>39.0</td><td>2164</td><td>7.2</td><td>2406</td><td>1.2364763</td><td>591.34</td>

<td>5-7</td><td>16.35</td><td>64.66</td><td>2652</td><td>38.6</td><td>2025</td><td>6.7</td><td>2317</td><td>1.3098210</td><td>616.83</td>

<td>5-8</td><td>16.99</td><td>64.76</td><td>2495</td><td>38.6</td><td>2061</td><td>6.9</td><td>2268</td><td>1.2104890</td><td>641.85</td>

<td>5-9</td><td>17.05</td><td>64.70</td><td>2570</td><td>39.0</td><td>2121</td><td>8.1</td><td>2335</td><td>1.2114943</td><td>627.03</td>

<td>5-10</td><td>19.74</td><td>81.54</td><td>2445</td><td>59.0</td><td>2615</td><td>&amp;3</td><td>2528</td><td>0.9348707</td><td>696.55</td>

<td>5-11</td><td>17.61</td><td>79.06</td><td>2010</td><td>58.1</td><td>2164</td><td>7.9</td><td>2085</td><td>0.9286937</td><td>583.19</td>

<td>5-12</td><td>16.42</td><td>74.80</td><td>1763</td><td>56.7</td><td>1835</td><td>7.3</td><td>1799</td><td>0.9618313</td><td>459.98</td>

<td>5-13</td><td>15.89</td><td>74.26</td><td>1554</td><td>56.1</td><td>1686</td><td>7.9</td><td>1616</td><td>0.9264103</td><td>502.56</td>

<td>5-14</td><td>14.13</td><td>59,58</td><td>1603</td><td>35.2</td><td>1540</td><td>8.3</td><td>1571</td><td>1.0418210</td><td>433.09</td>

<td>5-15</td><td>14,45</td><td>59,60</td><td>1851</td><td>36.6</td><td>1722</td><td>7.9</td><td>1785</td><td>1.0752183</td><td>454.11</td>

<td>6-1</td><td>15.42</td><td>64.70</td><td>2002</td><td>36.1</td><td>1649</td><td>7.6</td><td>1817</td><td>1.2143843</td><td>448.91</td>

<td>6-2</td><td>13.79</td><td>59,50</td><td>1773</td><td>33.2</td><td>1491</td><td>7.2</td><td>1625</td><td>1.1921810</td><td>467.44</td>

<td>6-3</td><td>13.88</td><td>60.78</td><td>1865</td><td>343</td><td>1459</td><td>6.5</td><td>1649</td><td>12790833</td><td>402.48</td>

<td>6-4</td><td>17.21</td><td>53.80</td><td>3739</td><td>21.3</td><td>2441</td><td>6.2</td><td>3021</td><td>1.5312243</td><td>524.07</td>

200380104819.2 Section 3 (continued)

<td rowspan="24"></td><td>sample</td><td>Wet stretched sponge curing-CDg/3 in</td><td>Saturation slow ratio capacity g/m^A2</td><td>Modulus GM g/% stretch</td><td>Modulus of rupture GMgms/%</td><td>SAT capacity</td><td>Water absorption rate 0.1 mLS</td><td>Void volume ratio</td><td>Void volume%</td><td>TEA.MD mm-gm/ mm^A2</td><td>TEA . CDmm-gm/ mm^rt2</td>

<td>1-1</td><td>1,0377</td><td></td><td></td><td>386.04</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4,925</td><td>1.246</td>

<td>1-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>379.43</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.629</td><td>1.407</td>

<td>1-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>381.02</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.647</td><td>1.447</td>

<td>1-4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>374.25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.154</td><td>1.393</td>

<td>1-5</td><td>1,11445</td><td>134Ό35</td><td>89.6</td><td>373.07</td><td></td><td>15.1</td><td>2.557</td><td>485.919</td><td>5.891</td><td>1.530</td>

<td>1-6</td><td>923.31</td><td>143.739</td><td>84.4</td><td>330.65</td><td>334.019</td><td>9.7</td><td>2.370</td><td>450.291</td><td>5.357</td><td>1.552</td>

<td>1-7</td><td>986.41</td><td>148.014</td><td>64.2</td><td>316.10</td><td>328.262</td><td>17.7</td><td>2.749</td><td>522.405</td><td>5.483</td><td>1.390</td>

<td>1-8</td><td>955.90</td><td>152.619</td><td>62.8</td><td>322.44</td><td>336.485</td><td>16.1</td><td>3.120</td><td>592.786</td><td>5.525</td><td>1.529</td>

<td>1-9</td><td>979.37</td><td>173,341</td><td>107.3</td><td>329.09</td><td></td><td>11.6</td><td>2.574</td><td>489.077</td><td>5.329</td><td>1.333</td>

<td>1-10</td><td>807.69</td><td>202.780</td><td>82.7</td><td>318.25</td><td></td><td>5.8</td><td>2.503</td><td>475.539</td><td>5.350</td><td>1.340</td>

<td>141</td><td>760.64</td><td>228,436</td><td>49.6</td><td>252.46</td><td></td><td>10.1</td><td>2.605</td><td>495.028</td><td>3.899</td><td>0.904</td>

<td>2-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>333.44</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4,770</td><td>1.379</td>

<td>2-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>289.77</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.442</td><td>1.355</td>

<td>2-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>290.39</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.594</td><td>1.106</td>

<td>2-4</td><td>892.06</td><td></td><td>73.5</td><td>304.75</td><td>338.788</td><td>12.1</td><td>2.447</td><td>464.953</td><td>4.849</td><td>1.100</td>

<td>2-5</td><td>1,134,95</td><td></td><td>73.4</td><td>303.38</td><td>344.215</td><td>14.1</td><td>2.602</td><td>494.364</td><td>5.135</td><td>1.111</td>

<td>2-6</td><td>1,185.72</td><td></td><td>74.0</td><td>299.38</td><td>338.295</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.500</td><td>475.079</td><td>5.099</td><td>1.382</td>

<td>2-7</td><td></td><td></td><td>84.1</td><td>388.22</td><td>324.809</td><td>8.3</td><td>2.742</td><td>520.947</td><td>5.415</td><td>1.183</td>

<td>2-8</td><td>1,083.57</td><td></td><td>74.1</td><td>322.48</td><td>332.539</td><td>16.5</td><td>2.350</td><td>446,534</td><td>5.307</td><td>1362</td>

<td>2-9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>380.20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.310</td><td>1.442</td>

<td>2-10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>378.20</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.986</td><td>1.246</td>

<td>2-11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>407.80</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.997</td><td>1.313</td>

<td>2-12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>367.66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4,710</td><td>1.107</td>

<td></td><td>243</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>341.00</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.334</td><td>1.050</td>

<td></td><td>3-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>237.83</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.141</td><td>0,810</td>

<td></td><td>3-2' '</td><td></td><td>~ —.</td><td></td><td>374.55</td><td>One by one--</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.587</td><td>-17185</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>361.95</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.289</td><td>1.174</td>

<td></td><td>Μ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>281.81</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.992</td><td>1.074</td>

<td></td><td>L5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>206.59</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.625</td><td>0.721</td>

<td></td><td>J-6</td><td>624.93</td><td></td><td>96.9</td><td>23434</td><td>287.806</td><td>23.6</td><td>3.060</td><td>581.457</td><td>3.535</td><td>0.857</td>

<td></td><td>1-7</td><td>687.75</td><td></td><td>110.3</td><td>230.28</td><td>283.201</td><td>15.6</td><td>3.505</td><td>665,997</td><td>3.642</td><td>0.878</td>

<td></td><td>-8</td><td>658.71</td><td></td><td>91.4</td><td>213.35</td><td>287.477</td><td>20.8</td><td>2.876</td><td>546.462</td><td>3.412</td><td>0.991</td>

<td>2</td><td>-9</td><td>605.18</td><td></td><td>96.0</td><td>215.30</td><td>276.787</td><td>20.4</td><td>2.676</td><td>508.501</td><td>3.655</td><td>0.922</td>

<td>3</td><td>40</td><td>735.02</td><td></td><td>109.2</td><td>228.44</td><td>287.477</td><td>13.3</td><td>2.709</td><td>514.787</td><td>3.447</td><td>0.823</td>

<td>3</td><td>-11</td><td>726.30</td><td></td><td>95.0</td><td>224.41</td><td>284.516</td><td>21.8</td><td>3.416</td><td>648.993</td><td>3.938</td><td>0.927</td>

200380104819.2 Table 3 (continued)

<td>sample</td><td>Wet stretched sponge curing-CDg/3in</td><td>Saturation is slow. Ratio capacity g/m^A2</td><td>Modulus GM per cent stretch</td><td>Cracking amount W/%_ break GM period</td><td>SAT capacity 2</td><td>Water absorption rate 0.1 mLS</td><td>Void volume ratio</td><td>Void volume%</td><td>TEA . MDmm-gm/ mm^A2</td><td>TEA CDmm-gm/ mm^rt2</td>

<td>3-12</td><td>710.84</td><td></td><td>99.8</td><td>211.56</td><td>298.824</td><td>10.8</td><td>2.844</td><td>540.334</td><td>3.520</td><td>0.974</td>

<td>3-13</td><td>588.92</td><td></td><td>84.S</td><td>194.08</td><td>293.397</td><td>11.7</td><td>3.070</td><td>583.215</td><td>3.268</td><td>0.673</td>

<td>4-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>17634</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.631</td><td>0.927</td>

<td>4-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>199.09</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.073</td><td>1.013</td>

<td>4-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>174.98</td><td>352.932</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.516</td><td>1.169</td>

<td>4-4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>147.74</td><td>393.882</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.107</td><td>1.008</td>

<td>4-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>132.27</td><td>446.180</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.908</td><td>1.233</td>

<td>4-6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>111.11</td><td>421512</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.267</td><td>1.043</td>

<td>4-7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>85.12</td><td>376.614</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.232</td><td>1.188</td>

<td>4-8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>62.19</td><td>363.622</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2839</td><td>0.906</td>

<td>4-9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>107.93</td><td>451.443</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.779</td><td>1.008</td>

<td>440</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>100,33</td><td>466.245</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>6.235</td><td>0.994</td>

<td>5-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>139.92</td><td>296.522</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.808</td><td>0.830</td>

<td>5-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>167,96</td><td>292.082</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.561</td><td>0.980</td>

<td>5-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>176.21</td><td>287.970</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.497</td><td>0.960</td>

<td>5-4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>197.34</td><td>258.038</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.783</td><td>0,918</td>

<td>5-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>191.14</td><td>282.872</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.276</td><td>0.909</td>

<td>5-6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>142.92</td><td>342.406</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.165</td><td>1.274</td>

<td>5-7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>143.42</td><td>334.841</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.191</td><td>1.058</td>

<td>5-8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>139.58</td><td>346.024</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.533</td><td>1.078</td>

<td>5-9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>128.05</td><td>329.414</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.854</td><td>1.256</td>

<td>5-10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>114.09</td><td>446.016</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7.192</td><td>1.764</td>

<td>5-11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>95.91</td><td>397.171</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.944</td><td>1.290</td>

<td>5-12</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>89.77</td><td>386.482</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>5.377</td><td>1.006</td>

<td>5-13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>7&amp;57</td><td>381.712</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.773</td><td>1.006</td>

<td>5-14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>93.20</td><td>298.660</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.608</td><td>0.938</td>

<td>5-15</td><td></td><td>_________</td><td></td><td>107.14</td><td>304.087</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.247</td><td>1.041</td>

<td>6-1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>110.50</td><td>340.926</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3696</td><td>0.981</td>

<td>6-2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>109.51</td><td>306.060</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.280</td><td>0.848</td>

<td>6-3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>107.86</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3.491</td><td>0.727</td>

<td>64</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>262.56</td><td>289.450</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>4.764</td><td>1.204</td>

200380104819.2 Table 3 (continued)

<td>sample</td><td>Quantitative paper raw material g</td><td>Saturation ratio g/s^A0.5</td><td>Top S when saturated</td><td>Modulus of rupture CDgms/%</td><td>Modulus of rupture MDgms/%</td><td>Modulus MD per cent stretch</td><td>Saturation slow ratio g/s^A0.5</td><td>Saturation slow ratio time S</td><td>Modulus CD0% Car elongation</td>

<td>1-1</td><td>1.50ί</td><td>&gt;</td><td></td><td>616.35</td><td>243.93</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>1-2</td><td>1.57(</td><td>)</td><td></td><td>67&amp;34</td><td>21224</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>1-3</td><td>1.562</td><td></td><td></td><td>767.81</td><td>189.09</td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>1-4</td><td>1.56^</td><td></td><td></td><td>83&amp;85</td><td>166.97</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>1*5</td><td>1.55C</td><td>)</td><td></td><td>735.66</td><td>189.20</td><td>33.9</td><td>0.0097</td><td>760.7</td><td>236.7</td>

<td>1-6</td><td>1.527</td><td>0.1267</td><td>51.7</td><td>653.42</td><td>167.43</td><td>31.8</td><td>0.0117</td><td>645.4</td><td>224.3</td>

<td>1-7</td><td>1.550</td><td>0.1097</td><td>68.5</td><td>632.98</td><td>157.97</td><td>27.0</td><td>0.0143</td><td>” 525.7</td><td>155.4</td>

<td></td><td>1.573</td><td>0.1090</td><td>64.0</td><td>650.43</td><td>159.84</td><td>21.9</td><td>0.0147</td><td>558.4</td><td>182.0</td>

<td>1-9</td><td>1.564</td><td></td><td></td><td>630.71</td><td>171.75</td><td>54.6</td><td>0.0133</td><td>1,48&amp;3</td><td>212.8</td>

<td>1-10</td><td>1.564</td><td></td><td></td><td>615.91</td><td>164.45</td><td>30.3</td><td>0.0197</td><td>1,360.7</td><td>225.6</td>

<td>1-11</td><td>1.690</td><td></td><td></td><td>562.56</td><td>114.48</td><td>17.1</td><td>0.0213</td><td>1,640.4</td><td>144.4</td>

<td>2-1</td><td>1.480</td><td></td><td></td><td>814.69</td><td>136.54</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-2</td><td>1.529</td><td></td><td></td><td>545.09</td><td>154.06</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-3</td><td>1.545</td><td></td><td></td><td>506.30</td><td>166.68</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-4</td><td>1.475</td><td>0.1063</td><td>80.6</td><td>642.06</td><td>145.06</td><td>24,9</td><td></td><td></td><td>217.9</td>

<td>2-5</td><td>1.505</td><td>0.1143</td><td>72.5</td><td>620.58</td><td>148.80</td><td>25.1</td><td></td><td></td><td>215.6</td>

<td>2-6</td><td>1.550</td><td>0.0847</td><td>106.2</td><td>638.62</td><td>140.40</td><td>25.1</td><td></td><td></td><td>219.8</td>

<td>2-7</td><td>1.540</td><td>0.1197</td><td>60.3</td><td>826.28</td><td>182.78</td><td>32.2</td><td></td><td></td><td>221.4</td>

<td>2-8</td><td>1.576</td><td>0.1103</td><td>67.4</td><td>726.00</td><td>143.31</td><td>22.9</td><td></td><td></td><td>240.9</td>

<td>2-9</td><td>1.522</td><td></td><td></td><td>856.84</td><td>168.81</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-10</td><td>1.527</td><td></td><td></td><td>812.16</td><td>176.14</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-11</td><td>1.513</td><td></td><td></td><td>838.71</td><td>198.30</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-12</td><td>1.538</td><td></td><td></td><td>805.74</td><td>167.77</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-13</td><td>1.464</td><td></td><td></td><td>760.44</td><td>153.34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-1</td><td>1.515</td><td></td><td></td><td>549.07</td><td>103.46</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-2</td><td>1.465</td><td></td><td></td><td>862.70</td><td>162.65</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-3</td><td>1.478</td><td></td><td></td><td>-748:20</td><td>---17549</td><td>--- - ---- -</td><td>——...........</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-4</td><td>1.144</td><td></td><td></td><td>658.49</td><td>120.60</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-5</td><td>1.130</td><td></td><td></td><td>38394</td><td>112.01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3-6</td><td>1.129</td><td>0.1193</td><td>48.8</td><td>443.89</td><td>123.80</td><td>43.4</td><td></td><td></td><td>217.1</td>

<td>3-7</td><td>1.111</td><td>0.1207</td><td>49.8</td><td>476,73</td><td>111.42</td><td>58.8</td><td></td><td></td><td>207.2</td>

<td>3-8</td><td>1.146</td><td>0.1103</td><td>555</td><td>422.57</td><td>107.74</td><td>43.9</td><td></td><td></td><td>190.3</td>

<td>3-9</td><td>1.140</td><td>0.1183</td><td>43.2</td><td>430.31</td><td>107.73</td><td>45.5</td><td></td><td></td><td>203.2</td>

<td>3-10</td><td>1.143</td><td>0.1080</td><td>5&amp;6</td><td>465.97</td><td>111.99</td><td>52.4</td><td></td><td></td><td>228.0</td>

<td>3-11</td><td>1.175</td><td>0.1067</td><td>51.9</td><td>447.41</td><td>112.72</td><td>42.1</td><td></td><td></td><td>215.1</td>

<td>3-12</td><td>1.175</td><td>0.1187</td><td>48.4</td><td>420.40</td><td>106.64</td><td>49.1</td><td></td><td></td><td>202.9</td>

<td>3-13</td><td>1.212</td><td>0.1303</td><td>48.5</td><td>400.40</td><td>94.17</td><td>36.3</td><td></td><td></td><td>198.6</td>

200380104819.2 Table 3 (continued)

<td>Sample.</td><td>Tensor material tg paper fixed original w.</td><td>Saturation ratio g/s^A0.5</td><td>5 full hours</td><td>Medical gms/%</td><td>Modulus of rupture MDgms/%</td><td>^Miao Liu%</td><td>Saturation slow ratio g/s^ft0.5</td><td>Rate and ratio between S full mantle</td><td>FA factory ";;%</td>

<td></td><td>481 _1 -J</td><td></td><td>-</td><td>60.3</td><td>13⁶8</td><td></td><td>-One plant</td><td>-</td><td>i one by one</td>

<td></td><td>2 .15</td><td>One by one t.</td><td>L</td><td>7.86_43 —1</td><td>90.6</td><td></td><td></td><td>One-</td><td>-One 1</td>

<td></td><td>⁴²·²1</td><td>5030.1-ΊΊ1</td><td>40.2_L</td><td>⁶³&amp;5</td><td>66.8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>⁴</td><td>301.2_IJ</td><td>3_85 al IL</td><td>754.</td><td>.93_703_L</td><td>98&amp;5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>-</td>

<td></td><td>1⁴¹1</td><td>671020</td><td>9⁹·3</td><td></td><td>66⁹3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>263</td><td>73 .20 o_-1</td><td>153L</td><td>*</td><td></td><td>---allΓΙ</td><td>One</td><td>-</td><td>-</td>

<td></td><td>861.1</td><td>9790.1-1</td><td>o_⁶·_3IL</td><td>28 Di82L</td><td>2825.</td><td></td><td></td><td>A Γ</td><td></td>

<td></td><td>5 a 1.01</td><td>47 .21oneοoneIL</td><td>35.L</td><td></td><td>19.27</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>9 Cattle</td><td>¹³3</td><td></td><td>946.One</td><td></td><td>⁷⁴31.7</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>One</td>

<td>W cattle</td><td>581.3_a</td><td>πυ _²³</td><td>43.4L</td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>3¹⁵¹</td><td>Force 11 α</td><td>2.15</td><td>40811</td><td></td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>7¹⁵¹</td><td></td><td>853._L</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>55</td><td>Blade 11 α</td><td>8⁴⁶·</td><td></td><td>ο&amp;9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>15-4</td><td>8.07</td><td>30⁰_</td><td>3³·5</td><td></td><td>2923.1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>5</td><td>531</td><td>force⁰</td><td>·⁴⁶⁷</td><td></td><td>TO⁹11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>4 .23</td><td>45010</td><td>6⁹·3</td><td>395.02</td><td>2⁹6</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>-7 a 5</td><td>6321Λ</td><td></td><td>8⁴⁶·</td><td></td><td>⁸⁰&amp;6</td><td>-</td><td>L</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>One</td><td>5 .28</td><td>5</td><td>60.4</td><td>7.32729L</td><td>53 65. L</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>982</td><td>97</td><td>6⁴⁸</td><td></td><td>⁹⁷56</td><td></td><td>One-</td><td>- one by one</td><td></td>

<td>15-10</td><td>9311</td><td>84011</td><td></td><td>⁴⁶131</td><td>.801</td><td></td><td>One-</td><td>-</td><td></td>

<td>11Λ5</td><td>2331</td><td>α 0.208</td><td>30.1</td><td>.30_672_</td><td>.43143</td><td>One</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>2-1</td><td>-</td><td></td><td>2³3</td><td></td><td>⁷²30.7</td><td>j---*</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3</td><td>0212</td><td>8</td><td>9.413</td><td>⁷⁸¹⁵</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>681</td><td></td><td>4⁴³</td><td></td><td>68145.</td><td>One</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>3 a⁰-</td><td>ϋi</td><td>48.8</td><td></td><td>451.7</td><td>1HJ One</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>16-1</td><td>4611</td><td>Μ</td><td>ο pine</td><td></td><td>.78</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>3·⁰⁴1*</td><td>453Γ -ο</td><td>5⁹3</td><td></td><td>54</td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>3</td><td>Μ-</td><td>「</td><td></td><td></td><td>48 a5</td><td></td><td>-</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>6-4</td><td>1χ³⁰</td><td></td><td>One 6 one⁶-5</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

200380104819.2 No.

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200380104819.2 No.

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200380104819.2 According to these tables and Figures 24 and 25, it can be seen that the paper web of the present invention exhibits higher water absorption and specific volume than conventional wet-pressed products, and is close to those properties of typical conventional all-dry (TAD) products. This comparison is further summarized in Table 6, where it can also be seen that the MD/CD dry stretch ratio of some preferred products of the present invention is unique.

Table 6 Comparison of typical paper web properties

<td>performance</td><td>Conventional wet pressure</td><td>Routine dry</td><td>High-speed fabric</td>

<td>SAT g/g</td><td>4</td><td>10</td><td>6-9</td>

<td>*Accumulation</td><td>40</td><td>120+</td><td>50-115</td>

<td>MD/CD stretch</td><td>&gt;1</td><td>&gt;1</td><td>&lt;1</td>

<td>CD stretch (%)</td><td>3-4</td><td>7-10</td><td>5-10</td>

mil/8 film Indeed, the MD/CD dry stretch ratio is unexpectedly low and can be lower than 0.5, which is significantly lower than what can usually be achieved by individually controlling the speed of jetting onto the wire net. At the same time, the CD stretch value is high. In addition, it can be seen in Table 3 that the MD stretch achieved is close to 50 and even more than 50%. In other cases, we have achieved more than 80% MD stretch while maintaining good machine operability even when recycled fibers are used. The unique properties, especially water absorption and volume, are consistent with the microstructure of the paper web observed in Figures 33-41.

Figures 33 and 34 are cross-sectional photomicrographs (100x) taken along the longitudinal direction (direction A) and across the longitudinal direction (direction B) of the paper web, which was made without using the high-impact fabric provided by the present invention. Given the situation, it is produced by conventional wet pressing. Figure 41 is a photomicrograph of the air side surface of the paper web (50x)_oIt can be seen from these photos that the microstructure of the paper web is relatively compact or dense, and there is no large interstitial volume between the fibers.

In contrast, similar photomicrographs of paper webs prepared by conventional TAD processing are shown in Figures 35, 36 and 39. It can be seen here that the microstructure of the paper web is relatively open and has a large interstitial volume between the fibers.

Figures 37 and 38 are cross-sectional photomicrographs (100x) taken along the longitudinal direction (direction A) and across the longitudinal direction (direction B) of the paper web, which was passed through the high-impact fabric on the paper machine as shown in Figure 20 It is produced by the method of origin. Figure 40 is a surface view of the paper web (50x)_oThe paper can be seen here

200380104819.2 The first sheet, like the TAD paper web in Figures 35, 36 and 39, has an open microstructure and a large interstitial volume between the fibers, which is consistent with the increased level of water absorption observed in the finished product. .

Therefore, the densification inherent in the conventional wet pressing method is overturned by the high-impact fabric threading method. Conveniently, the paper web can be dried by applying the paper web to a drying drum with a suitable adhesive and feeding the fabric from it while protecting and improving the required properties of the paper web.

In Figures 42-55, the stress/strain relationship of the products of the present invention and conventional CWP and TAD products are shown. It can be seen that the products of the present invention show unique characteristics of CD modulus and particularly large MD tensile properties. Stretch value. Stress is expressed in units of g/3'' (same as breaking tension), and strain is expressed in units of% (same as breaking tension). In conjunction with Figures 42, 43, 44, 45.46 and 47, it is noted that the CD modulus behavior of the product of the present invention is a bit like a CWP product at low strain, and peaks at less than 1% strain; however, it is different from the CWP product. Maintain high modulus under CD strain of 3-5%. The product of the present invention typically exhibits a maximum CD modulus at less than 1% strain, and is observed to maintain a peak CD modulus of at least 50% after reaching a CD strain of at least about 4%. When the CD strain increases, the CD modulus of the CWP product decreases relatively quickly from its peak modulus, while the conventional TAD product does not show the peak CD modulus at low CD strain.

In many cases, under different strain levels, the longitudinal modulus of the product of the present invention also shows unique behavior; Figures 48-55 show the MD stretch behavior. As can be seen from Figures 48-55, for some sheets, the modulus of rupture is 1.5-2 times the initial MD modulus (the maximum MD modulus at a strain less than about 5% is considered Initial MD modulus). The sample B seen in Figure 54 is particularly remarkable, where the product showed an MD modulus at break that was almost twice the original modulus of the sheet. It is believed that this high modulus under high stretch may explain the surprising runnability observed under high MD stretch conditions using the paper web of the present invention.

In Table 7 and Table 8, you can see the influence of the "hardness" of the priming spoke, that is, the "hardness" of the spoke 70 (Figure 19, Figure 20). As mentioned above, the "hardness" of the stick affects the length of the gap between the sticks. Tables 7 and 8 below list the results under various starting ratios. Although the hardness of the dropout shows some influence on the sheet properties, the influence of the fabric ratio on the sheet properties sometimes exceeds this effect.

200380104819.2 Sheet 7-"Soft" (P+J80), 21 mesh fabric

<td>Fabric rise ratio</td><td>1. 13</td><td>1. 28</td><td>1. 45</td><td>1. 60</td>

<td>Paper thickness</td><td>109</td><td>129</td><td>134</td><td>132</td>

<td>MGT</td><td>2450</td><td>1167</td><td>1215</td><td>905</td>

<td>MD/CD</td><td>3. 56</td><td>4. 54</td><td>1. 83</td><td>1. 47</td>

<td>SAT ability</td><td>475</td><td>617</td><td>632</td><td>688</td>

<td>Injection/line-to-net ratio</td><td>0. 94</td><td>0. 83</td><td>0. 94</td><td>0. 84</td>

<td>Yang Qi cover temperature</td><td>850</td><td>857</td><td>855</td><td>900</td>

<td>Winding machine humidity</td><td>1. 3</td><td>1. 5</td><td>1. 7</td><td>2. 3</td>

<td>Basis weight</td><td>25. 6</td><td>25. 7</td><td>25. 1</td><td>24. 6</td>

<td>specific volume</td><td>8. 3</td><td>9. 8</td><td>10. 4</td><td>10. 5</td>

<td>Than SAT</td><td>5. 7</td><td>7. 4</td><td>7. 8</td><td>8. 6</td>

<td>Than GMT</td><td>769</td><td>359</td><td>398</td><td>296</td>

Table 8-"Hard" (P+J80), 21 mesh fabric

<td>Fabric ratio</td><td>1. 13</td><td>1. 27</td><td>1. 44</td><td>1. 61</td>

<td>Paper thickness</td><td>94</td><td>116</td><td>126</td><td>128</td>

<td>MGT</td><td>2262</td><td>1626</td><td>1219</td><td>934</td>

<td>MD/CD</td><td>3. 41</td><td>2. 38</td><td>1. 98</td><td>1. 66</td>

<td>SAT ability</td><td>396</td><td>549</td><td>591</td><td>645</td>

<td>Injection/line-to-net ratio</td><td>0. 94</td><td>0. 96</td><td>0. 95</td><td>0. 94</td>

<td>Yang Qi cover temperature</td><td>890</td><td>875</td><td>875</td><td>875</td>

<td>Winding machine humidity</td><td>1. 5</td><td>1. 6</td><td>1. 5</td><td>2. 4</td>

<td>Basis weight</td><td>24. 0</td><td>23. 8</td><td>23. 5</td><td>23. 6</td>

<td>specific volume</td><td>7. 6</td><td>9. 5</td><td>10. 4</td><td>10. 6</td>

<td>Than SAT</td><td>5. 1</td><td>7. 1</td><td>7. 7</td><td>8. 4</td>

<td>Than GMT</td><td>774</td><td>573</td><td>410</td><td>310</td>

According to the foregoing table, it can be understood that modifications and further advantages of the specific embodiments of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. For example, one can use patterned non-porous belts instead of rusty fabrics. Throughout and in the claims,

200380104819.2 The first starting belt should be understood as a combination of fabric and non-porous structure. The initial test of using a vacuum molding box on the given fabric proved that the cost of not using (or not using) the molding box is relatively small. Therefore, solid impermeable belts can be used in place of rusty fabrics. The material that makes up the impermeable zone will allow it to be engraved either mechanically or laser. This engraving technique is well known and allows the pore structure to be optimized in any of a number of ways: sheet thickness, absorbency, fabric generation efficiency, percentage of "open" area appearing on the sheet, strength formation (continuous Line), aesthetic value to the end consumer, cleaning ability, long life, uniform pressing characteristics, etc.

Since the fabric raising step greatly affects the final properties of the base sheet, the final drying rise is not required to produce a high-quality, soft absorbent base sheet. Therefore, if it is convenient, a single-layer drying test can be used on a relatively large number of dryer tanks, and finally the dry and wet fabric is lifted up to the base sheet. It is particularly advantageous to be able to convert existing open-web paper machines cheaply and efficiently to produce relatively high-quality tissue and towel base sheets. Neither Yangqi dryer nor intermediate dryer needs to be added to the process. Typically, all requirements are to redesign the existing press section and sheet conveying path; and, where possible, slightly modify the wet end to accommodate the lower paper basis weight and higher paper weight associated with the method of the present invention. The speed of the forming machine.

In yet another embodiment, by passing the sheet through the honeycomb web designed to be dried by drawing hot air through the sheet, the sheet after the fabric take-up step is finally dried on the TAD fabric. In this embodiment, in order to reduce the operating cost, the present invention can be used to modify the existing conventional expensive equipment or to modify the existing TAD machine.

A further advantage of the sheet produced according to the present invention is that, especially at the relatively high delta speed during the fabric raising process, those sheets without wet strength show SAT comparable to those containing a large amount of wet strength chemicals. Absorbance. Since conventional sheets without wet strength additives tend to collapse when wet, it appears that the method of the present invention forms a sheet structure that does not collapse when wet, even without wet strength chemicals. This structure may come from an unusually high percentage of fibers arranged axially in the z-up direction of the sheet; that is, even when wet, the fibers tend to be laminated in a manner that prevents the sheet structure from collapsing, thereby maintaining sufficient The pore volume is used to obtain water retention capacity. Among other observed structures, mainly in CD

200380104819.2 A large number of fibers extending in the first direction appear to be stacked on top of each other, forming a structure that continues the thickness of several fibers, that is, the Z direction. Conventional sheets tend to stretch when wetted, while we observed that the sheets of the present invention have a lower tendency to stretch when wetted.

A further feature of the product of the present invention is that the product tends to have low or no lint.

Since most of the water-retaining ability and low modulus and high tensile characteristics of the sheet of the present invention are formed during the fabric forming step, when the sheet is still relatively wet, and because the fabric forming step is more than just molding The sheet material has a greater impact-actual structural changes have occurred at the fiber level, requiring or almost no more sheet material deterioration at the dry spawning blade. As a result, the possibility of dust is significantly reduced, because the latent dust particles generated in the fabric generation step are strongly adhered to the sheet during the final drying step. In a typical case, (due to the low total amount of sheet material adhered to the blast cylinder) provides a relatively low degree of dryness, and the relatively low degree of dryness does not release usually present in the soft Many fibers, particles or other particles that make up lint or dust in the tissues and towels. To date, we have not observed such a low level of lint associated with this highly soft tissue and towel (as possible with the product of the present invention). This combination of features is particularly ideal in soft tissues and towels used as lens cloths, glass window cleaners, and other uses where high dust content is not desired.

The base sheet manufactured by the method of the present invention can be used in different grades of products. In a typical papermaking operation, each finished product requires a specific grade of base sheet to be manufactured in a paper machine. However, the method of the present invention can produce a wide range of products from a single base sheet, as long as the desired product has suitable paper basis weight, tension, absorbency, opacity and softness properties. Lower quality products or products with lower basis weight can use the same base sheet from the paper machine as the highest quality grade. In the conversion, by simply pulling out the "stretch" of a longer high-quality sheet, until the desired target is obtained, and thus the lower grade is produced. This will be explained below in conjunction with tissue products. Because of the basics The unique properties of the sheet, so that the paper machine can obtain lower grades of products at a significantly higher level of efficiency. This technology therefore provides the opportunity to fine-tune the process for the highest degree of operating efficiency and lowest cost, while providing different grades The transformation operation caused by the change meets the flexibility and efficiency required by the consumption level with the smallest equipment or reduced time.

200380104819.2 The sheet of the present invention shows high stretch, but is also easy to wind. Typically, a sheet exhibiting high MD stretch is not easily entangled unless it has a high initial modulus. Similarly, sheets exhibiting low MD stretch suffer many breaks during winding or other processing. The sheet made according to the present invention is well wound without breaking under very high elongation (&gt;50%) and low tension (&lt;300g/3 inches). The unique properties make the sheet suitable for grades or uses that are generally considered impossible; examples include diaper (or adult care) linings, where the paper web can experience high sudden changes during processing, but still requires a low z-direction Porosity to retain the powdered superabsorbent materials commonly used in these product forms. Due to the very low modulus value and low lint shedding of the sheets of the present invention, they can provide a unique skin wipe and skin care base sheet. They show a high "surface pore volume" to capture the material wiped off the skin , And at the same time provide a high z-direction "cushion" to distribute the wiping pressure on a larger area, thereby reducing the friction nature of the paper on the skin when wiping the skin. As a skin wiper, the high sound absorption of these sheets increases the effectiveness and overall softness perception.

The present invention is particularly used for the production of various grades of tissue paper, and provides products that were impossible to achieve when using extruded dehydrated products or fully dried products (wherein both the initial investment and operating costs are significantly more expensive). select. Generally speaking, a conventional high-quality layer of thin paper does not show an MD stretch of more than 25%. The present invention can provide MD stretching much greater than 25% while maintaining excellent operability on the paper machine and during conversion. If necessary, the flow box layered feeding technology can be used to improve this operability. Conventional tissue paper manufactured by the CWP method does not show characteristic patterns, such as those of TAD fabrics, unless embossed. The present invention shows a pattern derived from the fabric, so it can be a substitute for the TAD base sheet. The fabric raising method makes it possible to change the number of winders and the fabric wrinkles entering the sheet under a given total raising ratio. Like the conventional TAD method, this method allows a compromise between softness and absorbency and has no effect on the overall yield. Like the conventional TAD method, the fabric sizing method of the present invention does not require wet strength additives to achieve increased absorbency. As mentioned earlier, we believe that this feature is due to the "stacking" of the fibers in the fabric draping step. When compared to the conventional air-drying technique of unspinning, the present invention provides significantly greater flexibility, because the pinning ratio can be changed independently of the winder speed.

Many tissue paper product forms can be produced from the base sheet of the same paper machine. For example, can be made

200380104819.2 Made a super special-grade thin paper with an MD stretch value of more than 25%. By increasing the degree of traction in the conversion part, both the basis weight and MD stretch value of the paper may decrease, while still maintaining higher than 25%, resulting in a slightly lower performance product. It can be pulled out longer to produce other grades. For example, the sheet on the winder of a paper machine can show a basis weight of 251bs/ream and an MD stretch of 45%. Assuming that the normal conversion draw is 4%, the final base sheet will show a paper basis weight of 241bs/ream and an MD stretch of 39%, and it will be commercially available in the form of ultra-super thin paper. Using the same base sheet, but changing the conversion pull-out rate resulted in the products shown in Table 9.

Table 9-Product possibilities from 251bs bwt and 45% MD stretched base sheet

<td>Description</td><td>Regular pull out</td><td>Basis weight</td><td>MD stretch</td>

<td>Super Premium</td><td>4%</td><td>24</td><td>39</td>

<td>Premium</td><td>14%</td><td>22</td><td>27</td>

<td>conventional</td><td>24%</td><td>20</td><td>17</td>

<td>especially</td><td>38%</td><td>18</td><td>5</td>

The ability to significantly change the stretch ratio also allows the production of very unique tissue papers. For example, market research indicates that there is a minimum CD tension that consumers associate with sufficient intensity. In conventional CWP and TAD methods, this CD tensile strength defines the acceptable MD tension range of the product. In some cases, these conventional methods can produce a finished product stretch ratio of about 1:1 (MD/CD=1. 1)₀The tension of the sheet shows a strong correlation with the softness of the sheet. Sheets made using the present invention exhibit unexpected tensile strength behavior. For example, it is fairly easy to produce a sheet in which the CD is twice the MD (MD/CD = 0.5). The high MD and CD stretch values from the fabric priming step allow effective conversion operations at tension values much lower than expected from conventional tissue paper, while maintaining the consumer's feeling of sufficient strength. A typical conventional sheet exhibits a sensory softness value of 18 under 1600 x 700 g tension or 1060 g GMT. Using the present invention, by utilizing the tensile properties, a sheet of similar weight can be manufactured under a tension of 600 x 600. A 600g GMT sheet will result in a base sheet with a softness significantly higher than the value 18. Using this method, the amount of "softening and washing" ingredients applied to the surface can be significantly reduced. For example, some products require up to 401bs/ton of these ingredients.

200380104819.2 to reduce them to some normal value, such as 10lbs/ton, can save at least $40/ton of cost and as much as $100/ton of product.

The high MD stretch nature of the sheet made with the present invention also reduces the total tension below what is generally considered suitable for reliable operation on papermaking and converting machines. For example, in the above example, a 600 x 600 g (MD/CD tension) sheet can be reduced to the extent that is typically seen on one of the two layers of a two-layer product. In this case, those tension values can be further reduced to the order of 400 x 400. This reduction is possible only because of a very high MD stretch value, which can enter the sheet and make it very "elastic", so it can be resisted with a lower stretch value. The abrupt fracture is typically seen within the sheet. In the practice of the present invention, chemicals such as debonding agents and softeners can be used to reduce the tension to this low level, so that various types of fibers can be used, especially low-cost fibers that are very soft. But functionalized thin paper.

The method of the present invention can be used to produce very strong, but soft tissue paper because the bending stiffness observed in these sheets is very low, which is due to the inherently low modulus values of sheets with high MD and CD stretch. of. The softness of the product can be further improved by suitable fiber preparation. Long fibers are important for strength generation, but long fibers often contribute to stiffness and sandy feel. In the method of the present invention, this problem can be overcome by restricting long fibers to a relatively low beating degree value of &lt;, preferably using the smallest fiber shortening. At the same time, in the raw material preparation zone, at relatively high consistency, hardwood (or soft) fibers may have a debonding agent applied to them₀This addition of debonding agent should be sufficient to significantly reduce the tension of the handsheet, but not so high as to completely prevent adhesion. Then, either uniformly combine the two fibers or feed in laminar flow in the flow box. In this way, the cork fibers bond to form an open network of long fibers that exhibit high tension and stretch. Hardwood fibers preferentially bond to the long fiber network rather than to themselves. These debonded fibers are attached to the outside of the sheet to obtain gorgeous tactile properties while maintaining high tension. In this method, the final tension of the sheet is controlled by the ratio of softwood and hardwood fibers used. The debonded outer surface minimizes the need to apply detergents and softeners, while reducing the impact on the paper machine, especially the drying step.

Similarly, a large amount of recycled fiber can be used to produce special grade tissue paper. Because these fibers can

200380104819.2 is treated in a manner similar to virgin fibers, therefore, these sheets show high softness while maintaining an environmentally friendly technical state.

The fabric design can be changed to significantly change the performance of the sheet. For example, relatively fine fabrics produce sheets that have very smooth surface characteristics but have a lower thickness. Rougher fabrics produce stronger fabric patterns and can produce sheets of greater thickness that exhibit greater duality. However, the larger thickness makes it possible to calender to a smooth surface while maintaining the pattern. In this way, the present invention has the potential to produce soft, strong sheets with or without obvious patterns in it.

Typically, in CWP thin paper, when the thickness is increased at a given paper basis weight, there are points where the softness of the spit is inevitably degraded. As a general rule, when the ratio of the measured thickness of 12 layers divided by the quantified paper expressed in g/m? in units of micrometers exceeds about 95, as the thickness increases, the softness usually shows noticeable Degrade. We have found that the present invention can produce a ratio of at least as high as 120, and no deterioration of softness is observed. It is considered easy to reach even higher values. As a general rule, the TAD base sheet of the present invention of similar weight can match the thickness achieved under a given paper basis weight, but the softness performance is insufficient. This is due to the fact that in the present invention, once on the fabric and once it leaves the Yang Qi drying cylinder, the base sheet is twice as thick at the consistency where the bond between the fibers is significantly affected. Ruminate. Although some TAD sheets are similarly doubled, the initial "rapid transfer" fabric lifting step seen in conventional TADs is carried out at a lower consistency than in the case of the present invention. Both TAD and UCTAD rely on "fabric swelling" of the "rapid transfer" type, typically at a consistency of 25% or less. The higher consistency makes it much more difficult to achieve fabric "filling" and achieve the required thickness using these techniques. However, even if the fiber is not squeezed in the method of the present invention, but at low consistency, the fiber still passes through the presence of free water and is dry The Campbell force in the process showed considerable bonding ability. In the TAD method, a conventional blasting blade is used to debond the sheet and leave the Yangqi dryer. In both TAD and UCTAD methods, chemicals that are either applied at the wet end or sometimes as a topical additive in the method can be used to reduce this adhesion (and usually it is). These chemicals can significantly increase the cost of papermaking. Regarding the present invention, fabric picking is typically performed at a consistency in the range of 40-50%, and at a consistency of up to about 60%. With TAD

200380104819.2 Compared with the first 25% consistency, 40 and 50% consistency means that 1/2-1/3 of free water can be obtained to bond during the drying process. Sheets disrupted by fabric fraying at these higher consistency exhibit a lower tendency to rebond and reduce or eliminate the need for chemical debonding agents, which increase cost and often Interfering with effective blade feeding makes it more difficult to achieve high softness values.

Generally speaking, the high softness in a single-layer base sheet mainly depends on an excellent formation to achieve the maximum sheet tensile strength obtainable in the fibers used. In the method of the present invention, the "shaped structure" of the sheet is changed in the fabric raising step of the rearrangement (or redistribution) of the fibers. Therefore, in some aspects, the extra effort and expense associated with careful control of the forming structure can be avoided. Winter tubes may have limitations on how "bad" this formed structure can be, but realistically speaking, in most cases, due to the rearrangement of fibers at the microscopic level during the fabric development process, the "average" formed structure is already very high. adequate. In this way, by not installing a flow box with high flow required to achieve excellent forming characteristics, considerable renovation costs and operating costs can be saved.

In single-layer products, duality is always a problem. Both the TAD and the unprovided TAD base sheet showed variable degrees of duality. This is often solved by calendering to reduce the tactile difference between the air side of the fabric and the sheet. Calendering reduces the thickness of the sheet, and in extreme cases, calendering reduces the thickness to a point where the technical specifications of the finished product are impossible to achieve. In TAD and air-dried processes that are not heated, the fabric design is critical to the thickness that can be achieved. Although with these TAD and UCTAD technologies, high-thickness sheets are possible, the appearance may become rough and may not be suitable for special-grade products. Regarding the present invention, the thickness of the sheet is mainly controlled by the amount of fabric lift applied. When using relatively "fine" fabrics, the sheets can show a high thickness without a rough appearance, making them a better premium base sheet. In addition, at a given thickness, finer fabrics show less double-sidedness and require less calendering to make them acceptable to super users.

Table 10 below shows a comparison of two-layer CWP tissue paper, single-layer TAD tissue paper, and single-layer tissue paper made according to the present invention.

200380104819.2 Table 10-Thin Paper Comparison

<td>Craft</td><td>CWP</td><td>TAD</td><td>TAD</td><td>FC (present invention)</td><td>FC (present invention)</td>

<td>Number of layers</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td>

<td>Basis weight</td><td>22. 8</td><td>21. 0</td><td>19. 2</td><td>22. 9</td><td>23. 1</td>

<td>thickness</td><td>68. 3</td><td>83. 3</td><td>83. 2</td><td>85. 9</td><td>77. 9</td>

<td>MD dry stretch</td><td>1316</td><td>731</td><td>733</td><td>645</td><td>543</td>

<td>CD dry stretch</td><td>428</td><td>467</td><td>534</td><td>469</td><td>427</td>

<td>GMT</td><td>748</td><td>584</td><td>625</td><td>549</td><td>481</td>

<td>MD stretch</td><td>16. 4</td><td>21. 9</td><td>12. 1</td><td>42. 5</td><td>41. 0</td>

<td>CD stretch</td><td>5. 6</td><td>8. 7</td><td>8. 0</td><td>6. 7</td><td>6. 6</td>

<td>Perf. Stretch</td><td>536</td><td>325</td><td>481</td><td>321</td><td>312</td>

<td>CD wet stretch</td><td>26</td><td>186</td><td>163</td><td>-</td><td>One</td>

<td>GM modulus</td><td>29. 6</td><td>14. 8</td><td>15. 2</td><td>11. 5</td><td>9. 9</td>

<td>friction</td><td>0. 424</td><td>0. 365</td><td>0. 540</td><td>0. 534</td><td>0. 544</td>

<td>Number of sheets</td><td>~ 400</td><td>〜400</td><td>~ 400</td><td>-400</td><td>~ 400</td>

<td>Rod diameter</td><td>4. 83</td><td>4. 99</td><td>4. 88</td><td>4. 91</td><td>4. 92</td>

<td>Spoke squeeze</td><td>15. 6</td><td>14. 4</td><td>12. 4</td><td>5. 7</td><td>14. 4</td>

<td>Softness</td><td>16. 4</td><td>8</td><td>17. 9</td><td>16. 4</td><td>17. 0</td>

It can be seen from Table 10 that the single-layer tissue paper of the present invention is equivalent to and superior to TAD single-layer tissue paper in many aspects. In addition, the single-layer tissue of the present invention is equivalent to and superior to two-layer CWP tissue in many aspects.

For premium two-layer tissue paper products, the present invention also provides the above-mentioned advantages related to single-layer tissue paper. The high-quality two-layer thin paper here usually does not show an MD stretch value of more than 25%; however, with the present invention, it is easy to achieve an MD stretch value much larger than 25%, and at the same time in the paper machine and in the conversion process. Maintain excellent operability in the medium. When compared with the unreeled TAD method (this method requires a change in the speed of the winder to change the rapid transfer speed and does not have a step to increase the softness), the two-layer tissue made according to the present invention is in Provides significantly greater flexibility in product design. Various grades of two-layer thin sheets can be made from a single base sheet

200380104819.2 No. paper, as shown in Table 11.

Table 11-Possibility of a two-layer product from a base sheet of 12.51bs bwt and 45% MD stretch

<td>Description</td><td>Regular pull out</td><td>Basis weight</td><td>MD stretch</td>

<td>Super Premium</td><td>4%</td><td>24</td><td>39</td>

<td>Premium</td><td>14%</td><td>22</td><td>27</td>

<td>conventional</td><td>24%</td><td>20</td><td>17</td>

<td>especially</td><td>38%</td><td>18</td><td>5</td>

Although conventional methods can produce high-quality sheets, the thickness potential of the paper of the present invention is surprisingly high because no deterioration of softness is seen at the increased thickness/basis basis weight ratio, which is in the thickness/basis basis weight ratio. It can be seen in conventional extrusion dehydrated products at around 95.

Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with many embodiments and features, modifications to the embodiments within the spirit and scope of the present invention listed in the appended claims will be obvious to those skilled in the art of.

200380104819.2