LAN, switch, switching method, and method for service node

The local area network and the switch, the method for the switch, and the method of the service node. This application is an invention patent with application number 99815577.2, application date December 19, 1999, and invention title "Structural cable system improvement" Divisional application.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a local area network, and in particular to a local area network switch, a local area network and a method for serving local area network nodes and a method for providing power through the local area network.

BACKGROUND Structural cable systems are often used in the infrastructure construction of public facilities. Such systems provide a standardized but flexible platform for use in dynamic communication environments. Generally, structured cable systems use twisted copper wires installed in accordance with predetermined standards. Structured cable systems used to be used for telephone, data communications, alarms, security protection, and access control.

The currently constructed infrastructure constitutes an Ethernet local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN) to transmit and distribute high-bit-rate data communication signals between network devices. Network devices or components may include hubs, switches, wiring bridges, routers, interconnection equipment, various devices equipped with network interface cards (NIC), data servers, desktop personal computers, portable computers, and other various devices. Kind of network equipment. Among them, what all these devices have in common is that they all require power in order to operate. In each case, the power consumed by these devices is supplied by internal or external batteries, or supplied by alternating current (AC) power provided by electric utilities.

Today, all basic network devices that are not automatically fed, that is, including internal or external storage batteries, need to be connected to a power source in addition to one or more network connections. The condition that the network device needs to be connected to the power source complicates the installation and increases its cost. In addition, this condition restricts the location of network components to where there are power wiring and data network wiring. Finally, two individual networks must be established and maintained, both connected to network devices. One of the network supply

200410043473.6 No. Power, another network provides connection to the data communication network.

In addition, in order to allow network devices to operate even in partial or complete power outages or power failures, each network device must be added to an internal battery backup system, or must be connected to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Depending on the use, such as when used with IP or local area network (LAN) phones, the number of network devices that must be operated during a building's power outage may be very high.

Therefore, it is best to enable every non-battery-operated network device, except for connecting to a network, no longer need to be connected to an AC public power source (that is, a standard AC power socket). This can significantly reduce the number of cables, AC sockets and related wiring, thus simplifying the installation of network devices. In addition, this can also provide a cost-effective means to provide an uninterrupted power supply for multiple network devices.

It must be pointed out here that the data communication network infrastructure originally designed is to be most effectively used to transmit high-bandwidth and low-power data communication signals instead of transmitting power. The IEEE 802.3 standard stipulates that the voltage transmitted by the transmission cable must be insulated and balanced with reference to the grounding at both ends. Category 3 to Category 5 LAN cables, RJ-45 connectors, line interfaces of network devices, and all IEEE 802.3-compliant devices in the network, the power transmission capacity originally designed is not sufficient to operate most of them Network device.

Therefore, any plan that wants to use local area network infrastructure equipment to simultaneously solve power distribution and provide network data communication should propose the following points: (1) When using local area network infrastructure equipment for power distribution, the network bit error rate (bit error rate, BER) exceeds the allowable level, and must not interfere with normal data communication in any way; (2) The power on the basic equipment of the local area network must not cause any harm or danger to users and network maintenance personnel; (3) the basis of the local area network The power on the equipment must not be harmful or cause damage to standard local area network equipment that is not designed to receive power from the data communication network; and (4) The increase in power on the data communication network must not reduce the reliability of the network.

There are already systems in the technical field that use power networks to transmit data communication signals. The transmission line carrier system is well known, and its function can superimpose relatively high-frequency data signals on low-frequency power cables. However, these systems were originally designed to operate on power lines, which are quite different from local area networks. The design and structure of the local area network medium is to transmit data communication signals. Therefore, its cables, connectors, circuit interface circuits and terminal devices are not designed to handle high power. This is the same as superimposing low energy level data on the transmission line network.

200410043473.6 The first letter signal is quite different.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of a prior art data communication network, in which the network device is coupled to a public AC main power source. The network in this example is used to illustrate various network elements commonly found in a local area network environment. This network is generally numbered 3010, which includes a WAN and/or local area network combination hub 3012, which is coupled to an IP phone server 3014 and/or one or more other service providers 3015, and is also connected to a local area network The junction bridge/router 3016 is coupled. The local area network bridge/router 3016 is connected to an AC power source via an electrical plug 3022. The function of the IP telephone server 3014 is to provide telephone services to a number of Internet or IP telephones 3052, 3036, and 3028.

The local area network bridge/router 3016 is coupled to two local area network hubs or switches 3018>3020. The IP phones 3028, 3036, laptop or other portable computers 3032 and desktop computers 3040 are coupled to the local area network hub/switch 3018 via a network data connection 3031. The local area network hub/switch 3018 is connected to another AC power source via an electrical plug 3024. The IP phones 3028 and 3036, the laptop computer 3032 and the desktop computer 3040 are respectively connected to an AC power source via electrical plugs 3030, 3038, 3034, and 3042.

The local area network hub/switch 3020 is also connected to an individual AC power source via an electric plug 3026. A video camera 3044 (such as a standard video camera or a web camera), a laptop computer 3048 and an IP phone 3052 are connected to the local area network hub/switch 3020 via a dedicated network data connection 3047. The camcorder 3044, the portable computer 3048 and the IP telephone 3052 are respectively connected to an AC power source via electrical plugs 3046, 3050, and 3054.

It can be found from the above that each network device needs an individual data communication connection and is connected to a power source. The data network connection is to use standard local area network cables to connect custom hubs, switches, routers, etc. in a normal way. Power is supplied to each network device through several AC main power sockets. Therefore, each network device must be equipped with at least two public power switches, one is connected to the data communication network, and the second is connected to the AC power network.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is proposed in view of the above-mentioned circumstances.

200410043473.6 According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a local area network switch, which serves a number of local area network nodes, and the several local area network nodes are connected to the switch via a communication cable to provide data communication. The local area network switch includes: a coupling circuit for coupling power to a communication cable without actually interfering with data communication; a current limiting circuit, which is connected to the coupling circuit and controls the transmission to the communication cable via the coupling circuit Line current, the current limit circuit provides a first current limit level that has never been exceeded and a second current limit level that has not been exceeded for a predetermined period of time; and the power management and control unit, which inquires It intends to transmit power to at least one node through a communication cable to detect whether the characteristics of the node allow it to receive power through the communication cable; wherein, the local area network switch is connected to several local area networks via the communication cable. At least one of the network nodes provides at least some power.

The network as described above, wherein the current limiting circuit is connected to the coupling circuit via a filter circuit.

The network as described above, wherein the local area network switch is used to provide the at least some power in response to the query.

The local area network as described above, wherein the query of at least one node includes measuring the voltage of the node being inquired and detecting whether the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold.

The present invention also provides a local area network, including: a number of local area network nodes; a local area network switch; and a communication cable, which connects the several nodes to the switch to provide data communication; the local area network The switch provides at least some power to at least some of the several local area network nodes via the communication cable. The local area network switch includes a coupling circuit for coupling power to the communication cable. Does not interfere with data communication; a current limit circuit, which is connected to the coupling circuit and controls the current transmitted to the communication cable via the coupling circuit, the current limit circuit provides a first current limit level that has never been exceeded and A second current limit level that has not been exceeded for more than a predetermined period of time; and the power management and control unit, which inquires at least one node to which it intends to transmit power through a communication cable, to detect whether the characteristics of the node are Allow it to receive power through the communication cable.

200410043473.6 The network as described above, wherein the current limiting circuit is connected to the coupling circuit via a filter circuit.

The local area network as described above, wherein the query of at least one node includes measuring the voltage across the communication cable connected to the node inquired and detecting whether the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold.

In the local area network as described above, a node where the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold is marked as an external voltage supply node.

The local area network as described above, wherein the local area network switch is used to provide the at least some power in response to the query.

The present invention also provides a method for a local area network switch to provide at least some power to at least some of a number of local area network nodes connected to the switch via a communication cable to provide data communication, The method includes: inquiring at least one node to which it intends to transmit power through a communication cable to detect whether the characteristics of the node allow it to receive power through the communication cable; coupling the power to the communication cable, but not actually Interfering with data communication; and controlling the current transmitted to the communication cable via the coupling step, including providing a first current limit level that has never been exceeded and a second current limit level that has not been exceeded for more than a predetermined period of time , Thereby providing at least some power to at least some of the several nodes via the communication cable.

The method as described above, wherein the step of coupling power to the communication cable is completed in response to the query.

The method as described above, which further includes connecting the current limiting circuit that performs the current control to the coupling circuit that performs the power coupling via a filter circuit.

The method as described above, wherein the inquiry of at least one node includes: measuring the voltage of the node being inquired; and detecting whether the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold.

The present invention also provides a method for serving local area network nodes, including: providing a number of local area network nodes, a local area network switch, and a communication cable connecting the several nodes to the switch to provide data communication, the local area network The network switch is used to provide at least some power to at least some of the several nodes via the communication cable; query at least one node to which it intends to transmit power through the communication cable to detect the characteristics of the node

200410043473.6 Whether it is allowed to receive power through the communication cable; to couple the power to the communication cable without actually interfering with data communication; and to control the current transmitted to the communication cable via the coupling circuit, including providing a never exceeded A first current limit level of and a second current limit level that has not been exceeded for more than a predetermined period of time.

The method as described above, which further includes connecting the current limiting circuit that performs the current control to the coupling circuit that performs the power coupling via a filter circuit.

The method as described above, wherein the query includes: measuring the voltage across the communication cable connected to the node inquired; and detecting whether the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold.

In the method as described above, the node where the measured voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold is marked as an external voltage supply node.

The method as described above, wherein the step of coupling power to the communication cable is completed in response to the query.

The present invention also discloses the following technical solutions: a local area network, which includes: a number of local area network nodes;-a local area network switch; a power supply subsystem; Nodes are connected to the switch to provide data communication; and the power supply subsystem includes a power management and control unit for managing power supplied to at least a part of the plurality of local area network nodes through the communication cable; Wherein, the power supply subsystem provides power to at least one of the plurality of nodes via the communication cable via a twisted pair of cables that are not used for data communication; the power supply subsystem couples the power to the communication cable The power supply subsystem basically does not interfere with data communication, and the power supply subsystem includes a current limiting circuit for controlling the current transmitted to the communication cable; wherein the power management and control unit inquires that it intends to transmit to it through the communication cable At least one node of power to detect whether the characteristics of the node allow it to receive power through the communication cable.

Using the network equipment of the present invention can be simplified and lower cost, because the required power cables,

200410043473.6 The number of electrical sockets and AC power supplies or adapters has been greatly reduced. In addition, each network device, terminal and other network architecture equipment can be located regardless of the presence or location of the AC socket.

The system of the present invention also greatly reduces the cost of providing uninterrupted backup power to important network devices and terminals in the event of a power outage or power failure. This is because the transmission of backup power from a small number of points in the network via the local area network infrastructure equipment, that is, the supply of power from an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), is far more important than connecting every important network component to its own UPS or backup power line. Much more efficient. An often valid assumption is that only a relatively small part of the network components, such as hubs, switches, routers, etc., will need to be connected to a dedicated uninterrupted power supply, while other important network components are received by the local area network infrastructure equipment. Its operating power.

Another advantage of the present invention is that it can reduce the security conditions and costs of the network terminal equipment, because thereafter, it can be fed from the low voltage transmitted from the local area network infrastructure equipment. This is contrary to the current method of providing internal or external 110/220VAC power. In the current method, the network device must be verified by one or more testing institutions, such as the Underwriters Laboratory (UL). With regard to IP phones, which are becoming more and more common today, supplying power from the local area network allows IP phones to have an uninterrupted power supply, just like the general analog phones connected to the popular public dial-up telephone network (PSTN) today.

The following disclosures are presented to illustrate the equipment and methods for generating, transmitting and managing power on local area network infrastructure equipment designed for digital communication purposes. The function of the present invention is to reduce any possible interference to data communication and maintain compatibility with IEEE 802.3 and other related standards.

The power supply system on the local area network of the present invention operates on a high-bandwidth data communication network, that is, operates at speeds of 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1000Mbps. Of course, it is more sensitive to noise, network bandwidth, near-end and additional crosstalk. In addition, the present invention takes into account the limitations of modern various local area networks on cable length, that is, in the public dial-up telephone network (PSTN), integrated service digital network (ISDN) and high bit rate digital subscriber loop (HDSL) The length of the cable in the communication line ranges from hundreds of meters to several kilometers. The present invention discloses a novel remote power feeding method that is more suitable for shorter traction cable laying routes.

In addition, the power distribution on the local area network can be transmitted like direct current (DC) or low-frequency AC voltage. In either case, the interference to the data communication signal will be minimal. In data communication

200410043473.6 The power transmitted on the first cable can be transmitted by one or more spare pairs in the cable. Ethernet communication requires 2 wire pairs (4 wires) to be implemented. If a 4-wire pair (8 wires) category 3, 4, or 5 cable is used, there are 2 wire pairs that are not used for data communication. When transmitting power, one or more pairs of cables can be used. Or, if the data cable only includes two wire pairs, use one or two of the available wire pairs, that is, use the receiving line and the transmission line for power distribution. Therefore, according to the present invention, power can be transmitted on any combination of used and/or unused twisted pairs in the data communication cable.

Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a local area network is provided. The local area network includes a hub, a number of nodes, a communication cable connecting the nodes and the hub to provide data communication, and a power distributor; the power distributor can provide at least part of operating power via the communication cable For at least a part of the nodes.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least a part of a structural cable system.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is located in the hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is located outside the central hub.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is partially located in the central hub and partially located outside the central hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor supplies operating power, including backup power, to at least a part of the nodes through a communication cable.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and each node via the coupler.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication hub, and the power distributor is also located in the hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, wherein the power distributor is also located in the hub and includes a power source and a coupler, and the coupler couples the power supplied by the power source to the A communication cable, which also transmits data from a data communication hub.

The data communication hub preferably includes a local area network switch, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater.

200410043473.6 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of nodes includes at least one of the following node types: wireless local area network access points, emergency lighting system components, paging speakers, CCTV cameras, alarm sensors, door sensors, storage Take control units, laptops, IP phones, hubs, switches, routers, monitors, and PC and workstation memory backup files 713. According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication set The power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node via the coupler, and the coupler includes a number of couplers, each of which is Connect one of the output terminals of the power supply.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the data communication concentrator through the coupler. Node, and the combiner includes several couplers and several filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a filter.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the data communication concentrator through the coupler. Node, and the combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several smart power allocation and reporting circuits (Smart Power Allocation and Reporting Circuit, SPEAR), each coupler is connected through a filter and a SPEAR One of the output terminals of the power supply.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a combiner and a power supply, and the power supply includes a power-off backup device.

In addition/or, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and the coupler It includes several couplers and several filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the data communication concentrator through the coupler. Node, and the combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler passes through a filter

200410043473.6 The first wave device and a SPEAR are connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply.

Preferably, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and the coupler It includes several couplers and several filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

In addition/or, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and the coupler It includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR.

Preferably, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and the coupler It includes several couplers and several filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

In addition/or, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and the coupler It includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide power along the communication cable without degrading the quality of digital communication to an unacceptable level.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least a pair of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the power is transmitted on a twisted pair, and data is also transmitted along the twisted wire.

Preferably, the hub includes a data communication hub, the power distributor includes a power interface and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication hub and the node via the power interface, and the power interface It includes several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each filter is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a SPEAR.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least two pairs of twisted pair

200410043473.6 is connected to each node, where the twisted pair for power transmission is different from the twisted pair for data transmission.

Preferably, the hub includes a data communication hub, the power distributor includes a power interface and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication hub and the node via the power interface, and the power interface It includes several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each filter is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a SPEAR.

In addition/or, the hub includes a data communication hub, the power distributor includes a power interface and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication hub and the node via the power interface, and the power interface It includes several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR), and each SPEAR is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the data communication concentrator through the coupler. Node, and the combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, And each coupler has at least two ports, one of which is connected to a port of the data communication concentrator, and the other port is connected to one of the several nodes via the communication cable.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a local area network node used in a local area network is also provided. The local area network includes a hub, a number of nodes, a communication cable connecting the nodes and the hub to provide digital communication, and a power distributor; the power distributor can provide at least Part of the operating power is provided to at least a part of the nodes. The local area network node includes a communication cable interface. This interface can receive both power and data, and respectively provide power to a node power input and provide Data to a node data input terminal.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is located in the hub. In addition/or, the power distributor is located outside the hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the node can perform node-start sleep mode operation during spontaneous power management. Preferably, the node has a function when the node starts the sleep mode operation of spontaneous power management, that is, it can measure the time period TD1 since the previous node activity. If TD1 exceeds a first threshold and no user or system input prohibits sleep mode operation

200410043473.6 At the time of the first operation, the node was operated in sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

In addition/or, the node may have a function in the node-start sleep mode operation of spontaneous power management, that is, it can measure the time period TD2 since the previous node communication. If TD2 exceeds a first threshold and no user or system input prohibits sleep mode operation, the node then operates in sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the node is operating, its function can normally operate the node in a regularly occurring time slot, and operate the node in a sleep mode at a time outside the regularly occurring time slot.

In addition, the node can also operate in sleep mode due to perceived error conditions. Preferably, the function of the node allows the node to periodically perform self-testing. If the node passes the test, it will operate in the normal way. However, if the node fails the test, it operates in sleep mode.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the node can perform the power distributor startup sleep mode operation during spontaneous power management. Preferably, the node has a function when the power distributor of the spontaneous power management starts the sleep mode operation, that is, it can measure the time period TD1 since the previous node activity. If TD1 exceeds a first threshold and no user or system input prohibits sleep mode operation, the node then operates in sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node can have a function in the sleep mode operation of the power distributor for spontaneous power management, that is, it can measure the time period TD2 since the previous node communication_OIf TD2 exceeds a first threshold and no user or system input prohibits sleep mode operation, the node then operates in sleep mode to reduce power consumption.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the node allows the power distributor to periodically perform tests on the node. If the node passes the test, it will operate in the normal way. However, if the node fails the test, it operates in sleep mode.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable interface is inside at least one of the plurality of nodes.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable interface is outside at least one of the plurality of nodes.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide power along the communication cable without degrading the quality of digital communication to an unacceptable level.

200410043473.6 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least a pair of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the power is transmitted on a twisted wire, and data is also transmitted along the twisted wire.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least two pairs of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the twisted pair for transmitting power is different from the twisted pair for transmitting data.

Preferably, the function of the power distributor can provide power along the communication cable without degrading the quality of digital communication to an unacceptable level.

In addition, the communication cable may include at least a pair of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the power is transmitted on a twisted pair, and the data is also transmitted along the twisted wire.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least two pairs of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the twisted pair for transmitting power is different from the twisted pair for transmitting data.

Preferably, the function of the power distributor can provide power along the communication cable without degrading the quality of digital communication to an unacceptable level.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least a pair of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the power is transmitted on a twisted pair, and data is also transmitted along the twisted wire.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least two pairs of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the twisted pair for transmitting power is different from the twisted pair for transmitting data.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler, a management and control unit, and a power supply, and the communication cable is connected to the data communication via the coupler Concentrator and node, the combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR), each coupler is connected to one of the power sources via a filter and a SPEAR The output terminal, and the function of the SPEAR can report to the management and control unit the current consumption of the node connected to it.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, and the SPEAR The role can limit the supply and connection

200410043473.6 The maximum current of the connected node.

Alternatively, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node via the coupler , The combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR; When the SPEAR connected node displays an overcurrent condition after a programmable time period, the SPEAR function can automatically cut off its connection with the node.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power supply, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node via the coupler , The combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR; When the node connected to the SPEAR displays an overcurrent condition after a programmable time, the SPEAR function can automatically cut off the power of the node, and automatically reconnect the node when the node no longer displays the overcurrent condition Of electricity.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power supply, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node via the coupler , The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output end of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, and the SPEAR includes a current sensor and most comparators. The current sensor receives a voltage input Vin from a power supply and generates a signal that is proportional to the current passing through the current sensor; the comparator receives the signal from the current sensor and also receives the reference voltage Vrefo from each reference voltage source. Preferably, the reference voltage source is a programmable reference voltage source and receives control input from the management and control circuit.

In addition, the output of the plurality of comparators can be supplied to a current limiter and switch. The current limiter and switch receive the input voltage Vin via the current sensor and provide a current-limiting voltage output Vouto

200410043473.6 In addition, the output of the comparator is supplied to the management and control circuit as a monitoring input, providing information about the DC current flowing through SPEAR.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power supply, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node via the coupler , The coupler includes several couplers, each coupler includes at least a pair of transformers, each transformer has a center tap on its secondary coil, and the DC voltage is fed through the center tap to each of the twisted pairs connected there. One wire.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The coupler includes a plurality of couplers, and each coupler includes at least one transformer. The transformer is characterized in that it includes a secondary coil and a capacitor. The secondary coil is divided into two separate windings. The capacitor is connected between the two separate windings. When used for high-frequency signals, the capacitor is effectively connected to the two windings in series, but when used for DC, Then the two windings are effectively isolated.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes a pair of capacitors, which effectively block DC from entering the data communication concentrator.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes two pairs of capacitors, which effectively block DC from entering the data communication concentrator.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes an automatic balancing capacitorless and transformerless common mode coupling circuit.

Preferably, the communication cable interface includes a separator and a pair of transformers, each transformer has a center tap in its primary coil, and DC can be drawn from each wire connecting the twisted pair at the center tap through the center tap. Voltage.

200410043473.6 In addition/or, the communication cable interface includes a separator. The separator includes at least one transformer and a capacitor. The transformer is characterized by including a primary coil, the primary coil is divided into two separate windings, and the capacitor is connected between the two separate windings when used for high-frequency signals. , The capacitor effectively connects the two windings in series, but when it is used for DC, it effectively isolates the two windings.

In addition, the communication cable interface includes a separator composed of a pair of capacitors. The capacitor effectively blocks DC from entering a data input terminal of the node connected to it.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable interface includes a separator composed of two pairs of capacitors. The capacitor effectively blocks DC from entering a data input terminal of the node connected to it.

In addition/or, the communication cable interface includes a divider, and the divider includes an auto-balancing capacitorless and transformerless common mode coupling circuit.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node can be operated with two functions: all functions and sleep mode functions.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node includes a controller, a switch, a monitoring circuit, at least one power supply, and a node circuit; wherein the switch receives a control input from the controller, the controller The control input from the sensor and the control input from the monitoring circuit are received, and the monitoring circuit is continuously powered by the at least one power source.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node also includes a power source, wherein the power source includes at least one rechargeable energy storage element.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a local area network is further provided. The network includes a hub, a plurality of nodes, a communication cable connecting the plurality of nodes and the hub to provide data communication, and a power distributor; the The function of the power distributor can provide at least part of the operating power to at least a part of the nodes through the communication cable, and the power distributor includes a power management function.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management function can manage the power supply to at least a part of the nodes through the communication cable. Preferably, the power management function can monitor and manage the power consumption of each node. In addition, the power management function can sense over-current conditions and perform power cuts according to appropriate needs.

200410043473.6 According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management function can operate in at least one of a non-autonomous power management mode and an autonomous power management mode. Preferably, in the non-autonomous power management mode operation, if the power distributor senses that the available power is insufficient to transmit power to each node on the communication cable, it can supply a reduced amount of power to at least one Part of the node. In addition, the power distributor also provides control input to each node, so that each node operates in a reduced power mode.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spontaneous power management mode operates to control the reduced amount of available power when certain activities are reduced.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management function includes at least one of the following functional elements: querying the connection between the node to be used to transmit power by the communication cable and the communication cable; at least according to the communication cable and the node The query result of the connection and the predetermined parameters are used to set the individual voltage and current limits of each node; send appropriate signal messages to the remote node; and report the status of the line connected to the node to a management workstation.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management function also includes at least one of the following functional elements: corresponding to the line to be used to transmit power by the communication cable, when there is no power transmission on the line, the power distributor is Measure the voltage at the output. If the absolute value of the voltage is higher than a predetermined programmable threshold, the line is classified as a voltage with an external source on it. If the absolute value of the voltage is not higher than the predetermined programmable threshold, the current limit is set to a predetermined programmable value, and power is transmitted along the line. Subsequently, at at least a predetermined programmable time, the voltage and current of the line are measured at an output terminal of the power distributor, and the state of the node and the line connected to the node is determined according to the aforementioned measured value. Preferably, the determination of the node and line status includes at least one of the following determinations: NO LOAD: means that the measured values of T1, T2, and T3 are all VOUT>V2 and the absolute value I0<I2_o Short circuit (SHORT CIRCUIT): means that the measured values of Tl, T2, and T3 are all V0UT<V3 and the absolute value I0>I3_o Network interface card load (NIC LOAD): refers to V0UTT3<V4 and absolute value I0TKI0T2<I0T3o POL LOAD: refers to VOUTT1>V5 and V0UTT2>V5 and

200410043473.6 No.

VOUTT3>V5, and the absolute value IOTDI5 or the absolute value 10T2>I5 or the absolute value IOT3>I5.

Among them: No load condition means that the node is not connected to the line.

"Short circuit" refers to the line upstream of the node or within the node, and there is a short circuit across its positive and negative conductors.

The load condition of the network interface card means that there is a network interface card line transformer cross-line connection on the node.

The "power supply load on the local area network refers to a cross-line connection of a power supply divider on the local area network on the node.

V0 is the voltage of the line at the output end of the power distributor.

VI is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, the highest peak value of the measured voltage V0UT can reach this value for a few minutes.

V2 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is located at the output terminal of the power distributor and there is no load connected between the voltage +V0UT and -V0UT, the lowest value of the measured voltage V0UT can last for a few minutes. Up to this value.

V3 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when a resistor is connected between the voltage +V0UT and -V0UT at the output terminal of the power distributor, the highest peak value of the measured voltage V0UT can be measured for a few minutes. Up to this value.

V4 is a predetermined programmable value; preferably, when no power is transmitted on the line, and when a resistor is connected between the voltage +V0UT and -V0UT at the output terminal of the power distributor, the highest peak value of the voltage V0UT is measured, This value can be reached for a few minutes.

V5 is a predetermined programmable value, which represents the typical threshold value of VIN, and the node power supply starts to operate at this value.

V0UTT1 is the VOUTo measured at the first time Τ1

V0UTT2 is the VOUTo measured at the second time T2

V0UTT3 is the VOUTo measured at the third time T3

10 is the current flow of the line at the output end of the power distributor.

IL1 is the predetermined programmable value output by the power distributor of the line.

12 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is

200410043473.6 When no load is connected to the output terminal of the first source distributor, measure the maximum peak value of current 10, which can reach this value for several minutes.

13 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when a resistor is connected between +V0UT and -V0UT at the output of the power distributor, the minimum value of the measured current 10 can last for a few minutes. This value.

15 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is located at the output end of the power distributor and no load is connected, the maximum peak value of the measured current 10 can reach this value for several minutes.

I0T1 is 10ο measured at time Τ

IOT2 is 10ο measured at time T2.

IOT3 is 10 measured at time T3. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management function includes a function for monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation, and this function includes sensing the current of each node. Preferably, the function of monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation includes sensing the current of each node in a usual cyclic manner. In addition, the function of monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation also includes sensing the current of each node and comparing the sensing current with the programmable predetermined reference value of each circuit.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, each node can be classified as over current, low current or normal. The overcurrent category includes programmable and adjustable thresholds.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the normal category includes at least one of the following subcategories: active mode, sleep mode, and low power mode.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation can be based on at least one of the following functions to control the operation of nodes classified as overcurrent: If the current at a node exceeds a normal overcurrent If the current threshold reaches at least a predetermined time, the power to the node is cut off after the predetermined time; the current to a node must not exceed a high overcurrent threshold; and the difference between a general overcurrent threshold and the high overcurrent threshold At least one intermediate threshold is defined between, and the predetermined time to cut off the power and which intermediate threshold is exceeded are a function of the relationship.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation can be based on at least one of the following functions to control the operation of nodes classified as low current:

200410043473.6 After detecting a low current node, the current supply to the node is terminated within a relatively short period of time. The predetermined time is selected to avoid improper response to noise.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the local area network includes the following function of monitoring the total current: when in parallel, the total current supplied to all nodes on all lines is monitored, and the total current is compared with a programmable predetermined reference value, Based on this comparison, the power distributor and the nodes connected to it are classified as overcurrent or normal.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overcurrent category includes a programmable and adjustable threshold.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of monitoring and managing power consumption during normal operation can be based on at least one of the following functions to control the operation of the power distributor classified as overcurrent: if the total current exceeds a general total If the current threshold reaches at least a predetermined time, the power supply to at least some nodes is reduced or cut off after the predetermined time, and no matter what, the total current must not exceed a high total overcurrent threshold, that is, exceed the general total overcurrent threshold The threshold.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor forms a part of the hub. Alternatively, the power distributor does not form part of the hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate threshold is defined between the general total over-current threshold and the high total over-current threshold, and the predetermined time to cut off the power is determined as a function of which intermediate threshold is exceeded.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can classify an external monitoring system to report each node and the current amount of the power distributor. Preferably, the function of the distributor can notify each node that its current supply is about to change. In addition/or, the function of the power distributor can be to provide at least one of all functional operations and inorganic energy operations to individual nodes during non-spontaneous power management operations.

In addition, the power distributor can operate in accordance with at least some of the following functions: preliminary determination of the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node, determination of current total power consumption (TPC) and current total available power (TPA) Relationship between. If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, it will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority Power supply to individual nodes. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask if there is a new node that needs power. If a new node needs power and another node with a priority lower than the new node is currently receiving power

200410043473.6 The first force is to cut off the power of nodes with lower priority and turn on the power of nodes with higher priority.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full functional operation or non-independent operation to individual nodes in accordance with the emergency override principle during non-spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following function during non-spontaneous power management operations: sensing that it is located at a known node in urgent need of power, and then giving the known node the highest priority.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can provide at least one of full functional operation or non-independent operation according to the priority principle of waiting sequence control during non-spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions during non-spontaneous power management operations: initially determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node, and determine the current total power consumption (TPC) The relationship with the total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority order of the waiting sequence control; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the priority order will be followed The basis for cutting off the power supply to individual nodes one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, it is asked whether a new node needs power, and if a new node needs power, the new node is added to the end of the waiting sequence.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of all functional operations or non-independent power management operations in accordance with the principle of time-sharing priority during non-spontaneous power management operations. In addition/or, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following functions during non-spontaneous power management operations: Preliminarily determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node, and determine the current total power consumption (TPC) The relationship with the total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority of time-sharing; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the priority will be followed The foundation cuts off the power supply to individual nodes one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask if there are new nodes that need power; if a node with a lower priority is perceived to have received power for a longer time and exceeds a predetermined minimum Time, and it is currently receiving power, the power of the lower priority node is cut off, and the power of the higher priority node is turned on.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can be notified in advance.

200410043473.6 Point, the power supplied to it will be changed. In addition, the function of the power distributor can provide at least one of full function operation and reduction function operation for individual nodes during non-spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate according to at least part of the following functions: Preliminarily determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node, determine the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current available The relationship between total power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the power will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority. Power supply for individual nodes. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether there is a new node that needs power or whether there is a node that needs additional power; if a new node needs power or a node needs additional power, and a priority is A node lower than the new node is currently receiving power, then the power of the lower priority node is reduced, and power is supplied to the new node or power is added to the node that needs additional power.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can provide at least one of full function operation or reduced function operation to individual nodes according to the emergency override principle during non-spontaneous power management operations. In addition/or, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following function during non-spontaneous power management operations: it senses that it is located at a known node in urgent need of power, and then gives the known node the highest priority.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full function operation or reduced function operation according to the priority principle of waiting sequence control during non-spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions during non-spontaneous power management operations: initially determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node; determine the current total power consumption (TPC) The relationship with the total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, based on the priority order of the waiting sequence control, power is supplied to other nodes one by one or additional power is supplied to each node currently receiving power; if TPC/TPA is greater than one and higher than the first The second threshold of the threshold reduces the power supply to individual nodes one by one on the basis of priority. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether there is a new node that needs power or whether there is a node that needs additional power; if a new node needs power or a node needs additional power, then the node Add to the end of the waiting sequence.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can be used for non-spontaneous electricity

200410043473.6 During the first force management operation, according to the principle of time-sharing priority, provide at least one of all function operations or reduced function operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions during non-spontaneous power management operations: initially determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node; determine the current total power consumption (TPC) The relationship with the total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, based on the priority of time-sharing, supply additional power to each node or supply power to other nodes one by one; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, On the basis of priority, the power supply to individual nodes is reduced one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask if there are nodes that need additional power or if there are new nodes that need power; if a node with a lower priority is perceived to have received longer power If the time exceeds a predetermined minimum time, and it is currently receiving power, the power supply of the lower priority node is reduced, and power is supplied to the higher priority node.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can be used to provide at least one of full functional operation and inorganic energy operation to individual nodes during spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can be operated in accordance with at least some of the following functions: according to a power reserve plan to initially determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node; determine the current total power consumption (TPC) The relationship with the total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, it will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority Power supply to individual nodes. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether a new node needs power; if a new node needs power and another node with a priority lower than the new node is currently receiving power, Then cut off the power of the lower priority node and turn on the power of the higher priority node.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of all functional operations or non-energy operations to individual nodes in accordance with the emergency override principle during spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, during spontaneous power management operations, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions: sensing that it is located at a known node in urgent need of power, and then giving the known node the highest priority.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the function of the power distributor can be used for spontaneous power management operations, according to the priority principle of waiting sequence control, to provide at least all functional operations

200410043473.6 One of the first or inorganic energy operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following functions during spontaneous power management operations: according to a power reserve plan, the total power available for use and the total power currently supplied to each node are preliminarily determined; the current total power is determined The relationship between power consumption (TPC) and total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority order of the waiting sequence control; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the priority will be followed The basis for cutting off the power supply to individual nodes one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, it is asked whether a new node needs power, and if a new node needs power, the new node is added to the end of the waiting sequence.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full-function operations or non-function operations in accordance with the principle of time-sharing priority during spontaneous power management operations. In addition/or, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following functions during spontaneous power management operations: According to a power reserve plan, the total available power and the total power currently supplied to each node are preliminarily determined; the current total power is determined The relationship between power consumption (TPC) and total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority order of time-sharing; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the order of priority will be followed The foundation cuts off the power supply to individual nodes one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether there is a new node that needs power; if a node with a lower priority is perceived to have received power for a longer period of time and exceeds a predetermined minimum Time, and it is currently receiving power, the power supply of the lower priority node is cut off, and the power of the higher priority node is turned on.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full function operation and reduction function operation for individual nodes during spontaneous power management operations. In addition/or, the power distributor can operate in accordance with at least part of the following functions: according to a power reserve plan to preliminarily determine the total power it can use and the total power currently supplied to each node; determine the current total power consumption The relationship between (TPC) and total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, the pairs will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority. Power supply for individual nodes. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether there is a new node that needs power or whether there is a node that needs additional power; if a new node

200410043473.6 The first need for power or a node needs additional power, and a node with a priority lower than the new node is currently receiving power, then the power of the lower priority node is reduced, and power is supplied to the new node or needs additional power The nodes increase power.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full-function operations or reduced-function operations to individual nodes according to the emergency override principle during spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, during spontaneous power management operations, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions: sensing that it is located at a known node in urgent need of power, and then giving the known node the highest priority.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full function operation or reduced function operation in accordance with the priority principle of waiting sequence control during spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate in accordance with the following functions during spontaneous power management operations: according to a power reserve plan, the total power available for use and the total power currently supplied to each node are preliminarily determined; the current total power is determined The relationship between power consumption (TPC) and total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, it will supply power to other nodes one by one or supply additional power to each node currently receiving power based on the priority order of the waiting sequence control; if TPC/TPA is greater than one, it is higher than the first The second threshold of the threshold reduces the power supply to individual nodes one by one on the basis of priority. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask whether a new node needs power or whether any node needs additional power; if a new node needs power or a node needs additional power, then the node Add to the end of the waiting sequence.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide at least one of full function operation or reduced function operation in accordance with the principle of time-sharing priority during spontaneous power management operations. Preferably, the power distributor can operate according to the following functions during the spontaneous power management operation: according to a power reserve plan, the total power available for use and the total power currently supplied to each node are preliminarily determined; the current total power is determined The relationship between power consumption (TPC) and total current available power (TPA). If TPC/TPA is less than a first threshold, based on the priority of time sharing, additional power is supplied to each node or other nodes one by one; if TPC/TPA is greater than a second threshold higher than the first threshold, On the basis of priority, the power supply to individual nodes is reduced one by one. However, if TPC/TPA is between the first and second thresholds, ask if any node needs to

200410043473.6 The first need for additional power or whether there is a new node needs power; if a lower priority node is perceived to have received power for a long time and exceeds a predetermined minimum time, and it is currently receiving power, then reduce the power Power supply to nodes with low priority and supply power to nodes with higher priority.

Preferably, the power distributor includes a power management and control unit that monitors and controls the power supplied to different nodes via the communication cable.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor includes a management workstation, which functions to manage the operation of the power management and control unit.

Preferably, the management workstation manages the operation of multiple power management and control units.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management and control unit communicates with different nodes via a data communication hub, thereby managing the current power usage mode of each node.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management and control unit communicates with different nodes via control messages, which are decoded at each node and used to control whether all or part of the functions are provided at each node.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management and control unit can sense that the power distributor has no main power available, and send a control message to make each node operate in a standby or reduced power mode.

Preferably, the node includes basic circuits that are required for operation of all functions and reduction functions, and non-basic circuits that are not required for operation of reduction functions.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node includes a switch and a controller, the switch can selectively operate non-basic circuits, and the controller controls the operation of the switch. Preferably, the node also includes a power source, wherein the controller can operate in response to the output of the power source. Additionally/or alternatively, the node may also include a sensor, wherein the controller is operable in response to input received from the sensor.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor can sense the voltage level of the power supplied to the power source. In addition, the sensor can also sense the control signal transmitted from the power distributor through the communication cable to the place.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller receives a control input from the power source, and when the main power source is indicated to be available for use, the switch is operated to supply power to the basic circuit and the inverter.

200410043473.6 The two basic circuits; and when the controller receives a control input from the power supply, which indicates that no main power supply is available, but the sensor indicates that sufficient power is available via the communication cable, the controller operates the switch to make Power is supplied to both the basic circuit and the non-basic circuit. Preferably, the controller receives a control input from a power source, where it is indicated that no main power source is available for use via the power source, and the sensor indicates that sufficient power is not available, the controller will operate the switch with the highest priority. The power is supplied to the basic circuit; if there is additional power available in addition to the power required by the basic circuit, the additional power is supplied to the non-basic circuit through the switch.

In addition/or, the monitoring circuit can receive user input indicating that the node is to be used, or receive a control message via a communication cable, where the instruction needs to be operated in full function mode, and can respond to the input or message to enable the switch to let the switch The node circuit operates in a full-function mode.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor can sense the voltage level of the power supplied to the at least one power source.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensor can sense the control signal transmitted from the power distributor via the communication cable to the sensor.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node circuit includes a basic node circuit and a non-basic node circuit. The switch also includes a basic node circuit switch and a non-basic node circuit switch. Preferably, when the controller receives a control input from at least one power source, which indicates that a main power source is available for use, the controller can operate the basic node circuit switch and the non-basic node circuit switch to supply power To both the basic node circuit and the non-basic node circuit. When there is no main power source available via the at least one power source, but the sensor indicates that sufficient power is available via the communication cable, the controller can operate the basic node circuit switch and the non-basic node circuit switch to supply power To both the basic node circuit and the non-basic node circuit.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the controller receives a control input from at least one power source, which indicates that no main power is available via the at least one power source, and the sensor indicates that sufficient power is not available, the controller may Operate the basic node circuit switch so that appropriate power is supplied to the basic node circuit with the highest priority. If there is additional power in addition to the power required by the basic node circuit, the additional power is passed through the non-basic node circuit. The node circuit switch is supplied to the non-basic node circuit.

200410043473.6 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the node can operate in one of three modes; when both basic and non-basic node circuits are active, all function modes are used; when the basic node circuit is active, basic function modes are used ; When at least part of the basic node circuit is inoperative, the sleep function mode is used.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power supply provides limited backup power. In addition/or, when there is only a very limited amount of power available for transmission on the communication cable, the power supply can allow the node to operate intermittently.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a local area network power distributor for use in a local area network, the local area network including a hub, a plurality of nodes, and connecting the plurality of nodes and the hub to provide digital data therebetween A communication cable for communication; the function of the power distributor can provide at least part of the operating power to at least a part of the nodes through the communication cable.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is located in the hub.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor is located outside the central hub. Alternatively, the power distributor is partially located in the center and partially located outside the center.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor supplies operating power, including backup power, to at least a part of the nodes through a communication cable.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and each node via the coupler.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication hub, and the power distributor is also located in the hub.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, wherein the power distributor is also located in the hub and includes a power source and a coupler, and the coupler couples the power supplied by the power source to the A communication cable, which also transmits data from a data communication hub.

Preferably, the combiner includes a plurality of couplers, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coupler includes several couplers and several

200410043473.6 No. filter, each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

In addition, the combiner can also include several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR. .

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor includes a power source, and the power source includes a power-off backup device.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combiner includes a plurality of couplers and a plurality of filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

Preferably, the combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR), and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a filter and a SPEAR .

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combiner includes a plurality of couplers and a plurality of filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter.

In addition, the combiner can also include several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR. .

In addition, the combiner may also include several couplers and several filters, and each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a filter.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power distributor functions to provide power along the communication cable without degrading the quality of digital communication to an unacceptable level.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least a pair of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the power is transmitted on a twisted pair, and data is also transmitted along the twisted wire.

Preferably, the power distributor includes a power interface and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the power interface, and the power interface includes a plurality of filters and a plurality of smart Power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR), each filter is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a SPEAR.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable includes at least two pairs of twisted wires connected to each node, wherein the twisted pair for transmitting power is different from the twisted pair for transmitting data.

200410043473.6 According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication hub, the power distributor includes a power interface and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication hub and the data communication hub via the power interface. Node, and the power interface includes a number of filters and a number of smart power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR), and each filter is connected to an output terminal of the power supply via a SPEAR.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, and each The coupler has at least two ports, one of which is connected to a port of the data communication hub, and the other port is connected to one of the several nodes via a communication cable.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler, a management and control unit, and a power supply, and the communication cable is connected to the data communication via the coupler Concentrator and node, the combiner includes several couplers, several filters and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR), each coupler is connected to one of the power sources via a filter and a SPEAR The output terminal, and the function of the SPEAR can report to the management and control unit the current consumption of the node connected to it.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, and the SPEAR Its function can limit the maximum current supplied to the node connected to it.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, the The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR; when it is connected to the SPEAR The connected node goes through a programmable

200410043473.6 When the over-current condition is displayed after the predetermined time, the SPEAR can be operated to automatically cut off its connection with the node.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, the The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to one of the output terminals of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR; when it is connected to the SPEAR When the connected node displays an overcurrent condition after a programmable time, the SPEAR can operate to automatically cut off the power of the node, and automatically reconnect the node's power when the node no longer displays the overcurrent condition.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, The combiner includes several couplers, several filters, and several intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR). Each coupler is connected to an output terminal of the power supply through a filter and a SPEAR, and the SPEAR Including a current sensor and most comparators. The current sensor receives a voltage input Vin from a power source and generates a signal that is proportional to the current passing through the current sensor; the comparator receives the signal from the current sensor and also receives the reference voltage Vref from each reference voltage source_o Preferably, the reference voltage source is a programmable reference voltage source and receives control input from the management and control circuit.

In addition, the output of the plurality of comparators can be supplied to a current limiter and switch. The current limiter and switch receive the input voltage Vin via the current sensor and provide a current-limiting voltage output Vouto. In addition, the output of the comparator can be supplied to the management and control circuit as a monitoring input to provide the DC current flowing through SPEAR Information.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, and The coupler includes several couplers, each coupler includes at least a pair of transformers, each transformer has a center tap on its secondary coil, and the DC voltage is fed through the center tap to each of the twisted pairs connected there. wire.

200410043473.6 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power supply, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the data communication concentrator through the coupler. Node, and the coupler includes several couplers, each coupler includes at least one transformer, and the transformer is characterized in that it includes a secondary coil and a capacitor. The secondary coil is divided into two separate windings. The capacitor is connected between the two separate windings. When used for high-frequency signals, the capacitor is effectively connected to the two windings in series, but when used for DC, Then the two windings are effectively isolated.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, And the combiner includes a pair of capacitors, which effectively block DC from entering the data communication concentrator.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, And the combiner includes two pairs of capacitors, which effectively block DC from entering the data communication concentrator.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hub includes a data communication concentrator, the power distributor includes a coupler and a power source, and the communication cable connects the data communication concentrator and the node through the coupler, And the combiner includes an automatic balancing capacitorless and transformerless common mode coupling circuit.

Preferably, the power distributor includes a power management function.

In addition, the power distributor includes a power management and control unit that monitors and controls the power supplied to different nodes via communication cables.

In addition, the power distributor may include a management workstation, which functions to manage the operation of the power management and control unit.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the management workstation manages the operation of multiple power management and control units.

Preferably, the power management and control unit communicates with different nodes via a data communication hub, thereby managing the current power usage mode of each node.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power management and control unit is controlled by

200410043473.6 The first message is to communicate with different nodes. The control message is decoded at each node and used to control whether to provide all or part of the function at each node.

In addition, the power management and control unit can sense that the power distributor has no main power available, and send a control message to make each node operate in a standby or reduced power mode.

In addition, the node includes basic circuits that are required for all functions and decrement function operations, and non-basic circuits that are not required for decrement function operations.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for setting up a local area network is provided. The method includes the steps of: providing a hub, providing a plurality of nodes, and using a communication cable to connect the plurality of nodes and the hub to Provide data communication, and operate a power distributor to provide at least part of operating power to at least a part of the plurality of nodes via the communication cable.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for setting up a local area network node in a local area network. The method includes the steps of: providing a hub, providing a plurality of nodes, and using a communication cable to connect the plurality of nodes. Nodes are connected to the hub to provide digital communication, and a power distributor is operated to provide at least part of operating power to at least some of the nodes via the hub and the communication cable; the local area network node includes a A communication cable interface, which can receive power and data, and respectively provide power to a node power input terminal and data to a node data input terminal.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for setting up a local area network is provided. The method includes the steps of: providing a hub, providing a plurality of nodes, and connecting the plurality of nodes and the hub with a communication cable Data communication is provided, and a power distributor is operated to provide at least part of operating power to at least a part of the nodes through the communication cable; the power distributor includes a power management function.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for setting a local area network power distributor for use in a local area network. The method includes the steps of: providing a hub, providing a plurality of nodes, and connecting the plurality of nodes. A communication cable for digital communication is provided between each node and the hub, and the power distributor functions to provide at least part of the operating power to at least some of the nodes through the communication cable.

According to the present invention is to provide a system system, the system may be in a data communication apparatus based cable

200410043473.6 First power distribution to one or more power-consuming network devices; this system includes a data communication cable network, a power source, and at least one power/data combiner coupled to the power source and the data communication cable network The function of the at least one power/data combiner can generate a low-frequency power signal, and this low-frequency power signal is injected into the data communication signal received from the data communication cable network to generate a power/data combined signal, the power/ The data combined signal is then output to the data communication cable network and at least one power/data separator. The at least one power/data separator can receive the power/data combined signal and extract and separate the original data communication signal and low-frequency power from it. signal.

The data communication network may include a local area network (local area network) based on an Ethernet network. The implementation of the power/data combiner can be a stand-alone unit, incorporated into a local area network (local area network) hub, or incorporated into a local area network (local area network) switch.

The power/data combiner may include a number of dedicated data input ports and a number of data plus power output ports, and each data input port and data plus power output port forms a separate channel. In addition, the power/data combiner can receive power from an AC mains socket, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), or another power/data combiner.

The power/data combiner includes a variety of filtering high-frequency noise and pulsation, sensing low-frequency power signal current, connecting low-frequency power signals to the power/data combined output signal, and cutting off the low-frequency power signal and the power/data combined output signal connection , And a device that detects the no-load and overload conditions of the power/data combined output signal.

The system further includes a management unit, which can monitor and provide power to the power/data combiner and the power/data separator located in the data communication cable network via the data communication cable network.

The power/data separator can be implemented as a stand-alone unit or incorporated into a network device. The power/data combiner may include an AC/DC or DC/DC power converter to convert the derived low-frequency power signal into one or more output voltages.

According to the present invention, there is also provided a method for distributing power to one or more power-consuming network devices on a data communication cable infrastructure; the method includes the steps of: generating a low-frequency power signal from a power source, Low-frequency power signals are injected into the data communication signals transmitted on the data communication cable network to generate a power/data combined signal, which combines the power/data

200410043473.6 The first signal is transmitted to the data communication cable network, receives the power/data combined signal transmitted on the data communication cable network, and divides the power/data combined signal to separate from the low-frequency power signal and generate the data communication signal .

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data communication network includes a local area network (local area network) based on an Ethernet network. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power source includes an AC main power socket. The power source may also include an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the following steps: filtering high-frequency noise and pulsation from the low-frequency power signal, and sensing low-frequency power Signal current, connect the low-frequency power signal and the power/data combined signal, cut off the connection between the low-frequency power signal and the power/data combined signal, detect the no-load and overload conditions on the power/data combined signal, and convert the low-frequency power signal that comes out Into one or more output voltages.

According to the present invention, a system is further provided, which can distribute power to one or more power-consuming network devices on data communication cable infrastructure; this system includes a data communication cable network, a power source, and a power source from the power source. A device that generates a low-frequency power signal, a combiner device coupled to the data communication cable network, injects the low-frequency power signal into the data communication signal transmitted on the data communication cable network to generate a power/data combined signal Combiner device, regulator device that regulates the injection of the low-frequency power signal into the data communication signal (the regulation includes, but is not limited to, stopping the injection of the low-frequency power signal and limiting its current), and derives low-frequency power from the power/data combined signal Signal and output the original data communication signal and low-frequency power signal extraction device.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data communication network includes a local area network (local area network) based on an Ethernet network. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power supply device can be switched from an AC main power socket Receive power. The power device can also receive power from an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combiner device includes a device for filtering high frequency noise and pulsation.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regulator device includes a device for sensing the current of the low-frequency power signal.

200410043473.6 According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regulator device includes a device for detecting no-load and overload conditions on the output power/data combined signal.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system also includes a management unit, which can monitor and provide power to the power/data combiner and power/data separator located in the data communication cable network via the data communication cable network .

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extraction device includes an AC/DC power converter, which can convert the extracted low-frequency power signal into one or more output voltages.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extraction device includes a DC/DC power converter, which can convert the extracted low-frequency power signal into one or more output voltages.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS From the detailed description of the following drawings, the present invention can be better understood. The drawings include: Figures 1A and 1B are simplified block diagrams showing two alternative local area network embodiments, including a power supply, which The function can be used to provide power to each node of the local area network on a communication cable constructed and operated according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B are simplified block diagrams showing two alternative local area network embodiments, It includes a power source, which functions as a communication cable constructed and operated according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention to provide power to each node in the local area network; Figures 3A and 3B are the embodiments of Figure 1A and Figure 1B, respectively A simplified block diagram of using a central hub; Figures 4A and 4B are simplified block diagrams of using a central hub and a power subsystem in the embodiments of Figures 2A and 2B, respectively; Figure 5 is a simplified block diagram showing Figures 3A, 3E, 4A, The smart power configuration and reporting circuit used in the 4B embodiment; FIG. 6 is a simplified schematic diagram of the embodiment in FIG. 5; FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are simplified block diagrams showing the embodiments in FIGS. 1A and 2A and FIGS. IB and 2B, respectively The local area network node interface circuit used; Figures 8A-8G are simplified block diagrams and schematic diagrams of different embodiments of the combiner used in the embodiments of Figures 3A and 4A;

200410043473.6 Figures 9A-9G are simplified block diagrams and schematic diagrams of different embodiments of combining the divider used in the embodiments of Figures 1A, 2A, and 7A with the combiner of Figures 8A-8G; Figures 10A and 10B are simplified block diagrams , Respectively show two alternative communication network embodiments, including the power supply and management of the communication cable line constructed and operated according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figures 11A and 11B are simplified block diagrams, respectively showing two An alternative local area network embodiment, which includes a power supply and management unit, which functions to supply power to each node in the local area network on a communication cable; Figure 12A and Figure 12B are the ones used in the embodiment of Figure 10A and Figure 10B, respectively Simplified block diagram of the hub; Figures 13A and 13B are simplified block diagrams of the hub and power supply and management subsystems used in the embodiments of Figures 11A and 11B, respectively; Figures 14A and 14B are implementations of Figures 10A, 10B, 11A, and 11B A simplified block diagram of two different node architectures used in the example; Figure 15 is a simplified block diagram of a node architecture that combines the features shown in Figures 14A and 14B; Figure 16 is a schematic flow chart showing Figures 10A and 10B > The power management of the network shown in 11A and 11B in normal operation and reduced power mode; Figure 17 is a schematic flow chart showing a step in the flow chart shown in Figure 16; Figures 18A and 18B are together a schematic flow chart showing a preferred embodiment of the query and initial power supply function shown in Figure 17; Figures 19A, 19B, 19C, and 19D are schematic flow charts, each of which shows a method for The possible mechanisms for performing all the functional or inorganic operations in the non-spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16; FIGS. 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D are outline flowcharts, which respectively show a method for performing the steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16 The possible mechanisms for all functions or reduced function operations in the non-spontaneous power management steps; Figures 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D are schematic flowcharts, which respectively show a way to perform the spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart in Figure 16 Possible opportunities for nodes to start sleep mode operation

200410043473.6 first configuration; Figures 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D are schematic flowcharts, which respectively show a possible mechanism for performing the centrally activated sleep mode operation in the spontaneous power management step in the flowchart of Figure 16; Figures 23A, 23B, 23C and 23D are schematic flowcharts, which respectively show a possible mechanism for performing all functions or inorganic energy priority operations in the spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of Fig. 16; Figs. 24A, 24B, 24C, and 24D are schematics Flow chart, which respectively show a possible mechanism for performing the priority sequence operation of all functions or reduction functions in the spontaneous power management step in the flowchart of FIG. 16; FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a prior art data communication Network example, in which each network device is coupled to a public power AC main power supply; Figures 26A and 26B are block diagrams showing an example of a data communication system constructed according to the present invention, in which each network device receives power on the same cable Connection and network connection; Figure 27 is a block diagram showing the power/data combiner unit that puts power into the data communication infrastructure; and Figure 28 is a block diagram showing the separation of power and power/data separation of the data communication infrastructureDeviceunit.

Brief description of drawing number:

10: Central

12: Desktop computer

16: Fax machine

20: Computer

30: Power Subsystem

34: LAN switcher

60: Central

62: Desktop computers

66: Fax machine

11: Communication cable

14: Web camera

18: IP telephone

22: Server

32: power supply

36: Combiner

61: Communication cable

64: Web camera

68: IP telephone

200410043473.6 No.

70: Computer 72: Server

80: Power Subsystem

82: power supply

84: Local area network switch 86: Power interface

100: Hub 101: Communication cable

112: Desktop type 114: Hub camera

116: Fax machine 118: Local area network telephone

120: Computer 122: Server

130: power supply subsystem 132: power supply

134: local area network switch 136: combiner

142, 144, 146, 148, 149: external divider

150: Hub 151: Communication cable

162: Desktop type 164: Hub camera

166: Fax machine 168: Local area network telephone

170: Computer 172: Server

180: Power Subsystem 182: Power

184: Local area network switch 186: Power interface

192, 194, 196, 198, 199: external connector

220: Coupler 222: Filter

224: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

226: Central Management and Control Subsystem

272: Filter

274: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

276: Central Management and Control Subsystem

320: Coupler 322: Filter

324: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

326: Central Management and Control Subsystem

372: Filter

374: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR376: Central management and control subsystem

200410043473.6 No.

400: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

402: Current sensor 404: Comparator

406: Programmable reference voltage source 407: Bus

408: Current limiter and switch 409: A/D converter

410: Timer 412: Flip-flop

500: network node 502: data transceiver

504: Power source fed by the main power source 506: Other components

508: Separator 510: Power source fed by communication cable

550: Network node 552: Data transceiver

554: Power source fed by the main power source 556: Other components

558: Connector 560: Power supplied by the communication cable

600: Coupler 610: Transformer

620: Coupler 630: Transformer

632: Secondary coil 634, 636: Winding

640: Capacitor 650: Coupler

660: Capacitor 670: Coupler

680, 690: Capacitor 700: Coupler

702, 704: adjustable active balance circuit (active filter)

706, 708: Induction and control circuit

710: isolation transformer

1600: Divider 1610: Transformer

1620: Separator 1630: Transformer

1632: Primary coil 1634, 1636: Winding

1640: Capacitor 1650: Separator

1660: Capacitor 1670: Separator

1680, 1690: Capacitor 1700: Separator

1702, 1704: adjustable active balance circuit (active filter)

1706, 1708: induction and control circuit

1710: Isolation Transformer 2010: Central

200410043473.6 No.

2012: Desktop Computer 2014: Web Camera

2016: Fax machine 2018: IP telephone

2020: Computer 2022: Server

2030: Power Subsystem 2032: Power

2034: local area network switch 2036: combiner

2037: Coupler and filter unit

2038: Power Management and Control Unit

2040: Management Workstation 2060: Hub

2062: Desktop computer 2064: Web camera

2066: Fax machine 2068: IP telephone

2070: Computer 2072: Server

2080: Power Subsystem 2082: Power

2084: local area network switch 2086: power interface

2087: Filter unit 2088: Power management and control unit

2090: Management Workstation 2100: Hub

2112: desktop computer 2114: hub camera

2116: Fax machine 2118: Local area network telephone

2120: Computer 2122: Server

2130: Power Supply and Management Subsystem 2132: Power Supply

2133: Power Management and Control Unit

2134; local area network switch 2136: combiner

2137: Coupler and filter unit

2140: Management workstation

2142, 2144, 2146, 2148, 2150: external divider

2150: Hub 2160: SPEAR controller

2162: Desktop computer 2162: Bus

2164: hub camera 2164: microprocessor

2166: fax machine 2166: memory

2168: local area network telephone 2168: communication circuit

200410043473.6 No.

2170: Computer 2172: Server

2180: Power Supply and Management Subsystem 2182: Power Supply

2183: Power Management and Control Unit

2184: local area network switch 2186: power interface

2187: Filter unit 2190: Management workstation

2192, 2194, 2196, 2198, 2199: external connector

2224: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

2274: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

2276: SPEAR controller 2278: bus

2280: Microprocessor 2282: Memory

2284: Communication circuit

2324: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

2360: SPEAR Controller 2362: Bus

2364: Microprocessor 2366: Memory

2368: Communication circuit

2374: Intelligent power configuration and reporting circuit SPEAR

2376: SPEAR controller 2378: bus

2380: Microprocessor 2382: Memory

2384: Communication circuit 2400: Basic circuit

2402: Non-basic circuit 2404: Node circuit

2406: power supply 2410; switcher

2412: Power supply 2414: Controller

2416: Sensor 2436: Power

2438: Switcher 2440: Nodal circuit

2442: Power supply 2444: Controller

2446: Sensor 2448: Monitoring circuit

2500: Basic circuit 2502: Non-basic circuit

2504: Nodal circuit 2506: Power supply

2508: Switcher 2510: Switcher

200410043473.6 No. Power 2514: Controller Sensor 2540: Monitoring Circuit Network 3012: WAN/Local Area Network Hub

IP phone server 3015: service provider LAN bridge/router 3018, 3020: LAN hub/switch electric plug 3024: electric plug electric plug 3028: Internet/IP phone electromechanical plug 3031: network data connection lap Type or other portable computer electrical plug 3036: Internet/IP telephone electrical plug 3040: Desktop computer electrical plug 3044: Video camera electrical plug 3047: Special wiring for network data Portable computer 3050: Electrical plug Internet/IP Telephone 3054: electric plug network 3061: service provider

IP phone server 3064: WAN/local area network hub LAN bridge/router 3068: electric plug cable integral power/data combiner hub/switcher electric plug 3076: IP phone cable 3078: power/data separator

IP telephone 3082: data cable power cable 3086: power/data cable cable integrated power/data combiner hub/switcher power/data cable 3094: power/data separator portable computer 3098: power cable data cable 3102: IP phone

200410043473.6 No.

3104: power/data cable 3106: local area network hub/switcher

3108: Electric plug 3110: Data cable

3112: IP phone 3114: electric plug

3116: Data cable 3118: Desktop computer

3120: Electric plug 3122: Data cable

3124: Desktop computer 3126: Electric plug

3128: Local area network hub/switch 3130: Electric plug

3132: Data cable 3134: Cable connection

3136: Network ready-to-use camcorder 3138: Data/power cable

3140: Power/data separator 3142: IP telephone

3144: Data cable 3146: Power cable

3148: Power/Data Cable 3150: Desktop Computer

3152: Data Cable 3154: Power/Data Cable

3156: Power/Data Separator Unit

3158: IP phone 3160: power cable

3162: Data cable 3164: Power supply management unit on the local area network

3166: Data cable

3168: Stand-alone power/data combiner unit

3170: Electric plug 3171: Uninterruptible power supply UPS

3172: Electric plug 3180: Power/data combiner unit

3181: Line interface circuit 3182: Filtering and protection circuit

3184: Power supply 3186: Controller

3188: output port 3190: input port

3192: Connector/Cable 3200: Power/Data Separator

3202: Line interface circuit 3204: Controller

3206: Filtering and protection circuit 3208: Power converter

3210: data + power input port 3212: data communication output port

3214: Power Transmission Port

200410043473.6 Detailed description of the preferred embodiment Now please refer to the simplified block diagram of FIG. 1A, which shows a local area network constructed and operated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1A, the provided local area network (local area network) includes a hub 10, and the hub 10 is coupled to a number of local area network nodes by a cable 11 (preferably a structured cable system), such as a desktop Type computer 12, a web camera 14, a fax machine 16, a local area network telephone (also referred to as an IP telephone) 18, a computer 20, and a server 22.

The cable 11 is preferably a conventional local area network cable, which has four pairs of twisted copper wires under the same sheath. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, as will be described below, at least one of the four pairs of twisted copper wires is used to transmit data and power to each node of the network. Usually two of them are used to transmit data and power along each line connecting the hub and each node, the third pair is only used to transmit data, and the fourth pair is reserved as a backup, neither transmitting data nor transmitting power.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power supply subsystem 30 is provided, which functions to provide at least part of the operation or backup power to the plurality of communication cables through the hub 10 and the communication cables connecting the hub and different local area network nodes. At least part of the nodes.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the sub-system 30 is located inside the hub 10 and includes a power supply 32. The power supply 32 supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The communication cable connects a local area network switch 34 with different local area network nodes via a coupler 36. The combiner couples the power supplied by the power supply 32 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication from the switch 34 passes through the coupler 36, and is substantially undisturbed.

As can be seen from the figure, according to a typical local area network structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable 11 from the hub 10 to the desktop computer 12, the facsimile machine 16 and the computer 20 can transmit data and The communication cable from the hub 10 to the hub camera 14 and the local area network telephone 18 can transmit both data and operating power, and the communication cable from the hub to the server 22 only transmits data.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A is that data and power are transmitted on the same twisted copper wire.

We can understand that in the local area network nodes 12-20, the power is received on the communication cable

Each node of 200410043473.6 includes a separator to separate power and data. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, each divider is usually inside each node and is not individually designated, but we can understand that individual dividers can also be used.

Please refer now to the simplified block diagram of FIG. 1B, which shows a local area network constructed and operated in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1B, the local area network (local area network) provided therein includes a hub 60, and the hub 60 is coupled to a number of local area network nodes by a cable 61 (preferably a structured cable system), such as a desktop Type computer 62, a web camera 64, a fax machine 66, a local area network telephone (also referred to as an IP telephone) 68, a computer 70, and a server 72.

The cable 61 is preferably a conventional local area network cable, which has four pairs of twisted copper wires under the same sheath. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, it is different from the structure described with reference to FIG. 1A, and as will be described below, at least one of the four pairs of twisted copper wires is dedicated to transmitting power to each node in the network, and at least One pair is dedicated to transferring data. Usually two pairs are used exclusively for data transmission, and the other two pairs are used exclusively for supplying power along each line connecting the hub and each node.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power supply subsystem 80 is provided, which functions to provide at least part of the operation or backup power to the plurality of communication cables 61 through the hub 60 and the communication cables 61 connecting the hub and different local area network nodes. At least some of the nodes.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, the subsystem 80 is located inside the hub 60 and includes a power supply 82. The power supply 82 supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The communication cable connects a local area network switch 84 to different local area network nodes via a power interface 86. The power supply interface 86 distributes the power supplied by the power supply 82 to at least some of the nodes in the local area network along the twisted pair of the communication cable 61 that is not used for data transmission. The two-way data communication from the switch 84 passes through the power interface 86 and is substantially undisturbed.

It can be seen from the figure that, according to a typical local area network structure for the construction and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cables 61 from the hub 60 to the desktop computer 62, the fax machine 66 and the computer 70 can be along individual Twisted wires transmit both data and backup power, and the communication cable 61 from the hub 60 to the hub camera 64 and the local area network telephone 68 can be along individual twisted wires

200410043473.6 For both data transmission and operating power, the communication cable 61 from the hub 60 to the server 72 only transmits data.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B is that data and power are transmitted on different twisted copper wires in each communication cable line.

It can be understood from the figure that each local area network node 62-70 that receives power on the communication cable 61 includes a connector for connecting the twisted pair of power transmission to a node power supply, and in addition to connecting the data transmission pair The data input terminal of twisted wire and node. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1B, each connector is usually inside each node and not specified otherwise, but we can understand that separate connectors can also be used therein.

It can be understood from the figure that the two embodiments of a system shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, in which power is provided to a number of local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. Figures 2A and 2B show two other embodiments of a system in which power is provided to several local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. The local area network shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B includes a power source, which can provide power to each node of the local area network on the communication cable.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, there is a conventional hub 100, which does not provide power on the communication cable 101; there is a power subsystem 130 outside the hub 100, which includes a power supply 132, which supplies operation via the communication cable 101 Power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes. The communication cable connects the local area network switch 134 of the conventional hub 100 and the coupler 136 in the power subsystem 130, and connects the coupler 136 to different local area network nodes. The combiner 136 supplies the power provided by the power source 132 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication sent by the local area network switch 134 passes through the combiner 136, and is substantially free from interference.

The cable 101 is preferably a conventional local area network cable, which has four pairs of twisted copper wires under the same sheath. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, as will be described below, at least one of the four pairs of twisted copper wires is used to transmit data and power to each node of the network. Usually two pairs are used to transmit data and power along each line connecting the power subsystem 130 and each node. The third pair is only used to transmit data, and the fourth pair is reserved as a backup, neither transmitting data nor transmitting. electricity.

200410043473.6 It can be seen from the figure that in the typical local area network arrangement of the configuration and operation according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cables from the power subsystem 130 to the desktop computer 112, the fax machine 116 and the computer 120 101 can transmit both data and backup power, and the communication cable 101 from the power subsystem 130 to the hub camera 114 and the local area network telephone 118 can transmit both data and operating power, the communication cable from the hub 100 to the server 122 The line only transmits data and can pass through the subsystem 130, but it is not necessary.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A is that data and power are transmitted on the same twisted copper wire.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, each local area network node 112-120 receiving power is provided with an external divider coupled to the communication cable to separate data and power. The external divider combined with each node 112-120 is designated by the reference numerals 142-149. Each divider has a communication cable input terminal and separate data output terminals and power output terminals. As we can understand, in the nodes 112-120, part or all of the internal separators can be selectively provided, and the nodes 112-120 can also be provided with part or all of the external separators.

As we can understand, in addition to the aforementioned local area network nodes, the present invention can also be used with any other suitable nodes, such as wireless local area network access points, emergency lighting system components, paging speakers, CCTV cameras, alarm sensors, door sensors, and storage devices. Take control units, laptop computers, network components (such as hubs, switches and routers), monitors and memory backup units used by personal computers and workstations.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, there is a conventional hub 150, which does not provide power on the communication cable 151; there is a power subsystem 180 outside the hub 150, which includes a power supply 182, which supplies operation via the communication cable 151 Power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes. The communication cable connects the local area network switch 184 of the conventional hub 150 and the power interface 186 in the power subsystem 180, and connects the power interface 186 to different local area network nodes. The power interface 186 distributes the power supplied by the power supply 182 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication sent by the local area network switch 184 passes through the power interface 186, and is substantially free from interference.

The cable 151 is preferably a conventional local area network cable, which has four pairs of twisted copper wires under the same sheath. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, the arrangement is opposite to the arrangement described in FIG. 2A above,

200410043473.6 As described below, among the four pairs of twisted copper wires, at least one pair is dedicated to transmitting power to each node of the network, and at least one pair is dedicated to transmitting data. Usually two pairs are used to transmit data exclusively along each line connecting the hub and each node, and the other two pairs are used to exclusively supply power along each line connecting the hub and each node.

It can be seen from the figure that, in a typical local area network arrangement of construction and operation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cable 151 from the hub 150 to the desktop computer 162, the facsimile machine 166 and the computer 170 can transmit Both data and backup power. The communication cables from the hub 150 to the hub camera 164 and the local area network telephone 168 can transmit both data and operating power. The communication cables from the hub 150 to the server 172 only transmit data. It can pass through the sub-system 180, but it is not necessary.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B is that data and power are transmitted on different twisted copper wires in each communication cable line.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, each local area network node 162-170 that receives power is provided with an external connector for respectively providing data and power from the communication cable. The external connectors combined with the nodes 162-170 are designated by reference numbers 192-199, respectively. Each connector has a communication cable input terminal and separate data output terminals and power output terminals. We can understand that some or all of the nodes 162-170 can be selectively provided with internal connectors, and the nodes 162-170 can also be partially or completely provided with external connectors.

As we can understand, in addition to the aforementioned local area network nodes, the present invention can also be used with any other suitable nodes, such as wireless local area network access points, emergency lighting system components, paging speakers, CCTV cameras, alarm sensors, door sensors, and storage devices. Take control units, laptop computers, network components (such as hubs, switches and routers), monitors and memory backup units used by personal computers and workstations.

Please refer now to FIG. 3A, which is a simplified block diagram of a hub, such as the hub 10 used in the embodiment of FIG. 1A. The hub 10 preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch 34, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is connected to the coupler 36. The combiner 36 generally includes a number of couplers 220, and each coupler 220 is connected to a smart power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR) 224 via a filter 222. Each SPEAR 224 is connected to a power source 32 to receive power therefrom. I can understand that the power supply 32

200410043473.6 The first position can be outside the hub 10. The power supply 32 can be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

Each coupler 220 has two ports. One port is preferably connected to a port of the local area network switch 34, and the other port is preferably connected to a local area network node via a communication cable.

The function of the coupler 220 is preferably to couple power to the communication cable without substantially interfering with the data communication on the communication cable.

The role of the filter 222 is preferably to avoid unfavorable inter-port and inter-pair coupling (that is, so-called crosstalk), and to block noise generated by the power supply 32 from entering the communication cable. Alternatively, the filter 222 may not be provided.

Preferably, a central management and control subsystem 226 (usually in the form of a microcontroller) controls the operation of the power supply 32, the local area network switch 34, the coupler 220, the filter 222, and the SPEAR 224.

Please refer now to FIG. 3B, which is a simplified block diagram of a hub, such as the hub 60 used in the embodiment of FIG. 1B. The hub 60 preferably includes a conventional and commercially available local area network switch 84, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is coupled to the power interface 86. The power interface 86 usually includes a number of filters 272, and each filter 272 is connected to a smart power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR) 274. Each SPEAR 274 is connected to a power source 82 to receive power therefrom. As we can understand, the location of the power source 82 can be outside the center 60. The power supply 82 may be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The role of the filter 272 is preferably to avoid unfavorable inter-port coupling (also known as "crosstalk), and to block noise generated by the power supply 82 from entering the communication cable.

Preferably, a central management and control subsystem 276 (usually in the form of a microcontroller) controls the operation of the power supply 82, the local area network switch 84, the filter 272, and the SPEAR 274.

It can be seen from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3B that the coupler is not provided because the power and data are transmitted on separate twisted pairs. The data transmitted on the conductor via the power interface is largely unaffected by the operation of the power interface.

Please refer now to FIG. 4A, which is a simplified block diagram of the hub 100 and the power subsystem 130 used in the embodiment of FIG. 2A. The hub 100 preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch 134, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and

200410043473.6 is engaged with the coupler 136. The combiner 136 usually includes a number of couplers 320, and each coupler 320 is connected to a smart power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR) 324 through a filter 322. Each SPEAR 324 is connected to a power supply 132 to receive data from there. electricity. As we can understand, the location of the power source 132 can be outside the hub 100. The power supply 132 can be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

Each coupler 320 has two ports. One port is preferably connected to a port of the local area network switch 134, and the other port is preferably connected to a local area network node via a communication cable.

The function of the coupler 320 is preferably to couple power to the communication cable without substantially interfering with the data communication on the communication cable.

The role of the filter 322 is preferably to avoid unfavorable inter-port and inter-pair coupling (also known as "crosstalk), and to block noise generated by the power supply 132 from entering the communication cable.

Preferably, a central management and control subsystem 326 (usually in the form of a microcontroller) controls the operation of the power supply 132, the coupler 320, the filter 322, and the SPEAR 324.

Please refer now to FIG. 4B, which is a simplified block diagram of the hub 150 and the power subsystem 180 used in the embodiment of FIG. 2B. The hub 150 preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch 184, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater and is connected to the power interface 186. The power interface 186 usually includes a number of filters 372, and each filter 372 is connected to a smart power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR) 374. Each SPEAR 374 is connected to a power supply 182 (Figure 2B) to receive power from there. . As we can understand, the location of the power supply 182 may be outside the power supply subsystem 180. The power supply 182 may be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The role of the filter 372 is preferably to avoid unfavorable inter-port and inter-pair coupling (also known as "crosstalk), and to block noise generated by the power supply 182 from entering the communication cable.

Preferably, a central management and control subsystem 376 (usually in the form of a microcontroller) controls the operation of the power supply 182, filter 372, and SPEAR 374.

It can be seen from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B that the coupler is not provided because the power and data are transmitted on separate twisted pairs. The data transmitted on the conductor via the power interface is largely unaffected by the operation of the power interface.

We can understand that the power supply 32 (Figure 3A), the power supply 82 (Figure 3B), and the power supply 132 (Figure 4A)

200410043473.6 The first power supply 182 (Figure 4B) is along a pair of conductors (one of which is a positive conductor, indicated by a + sign; the other is a negative conductor, indicated by a-sign) to provide output power to SPEAR 224 (Figure 3A) , SPEAR 274 (Figure 3B), SPEAR 324 (Figure 4A) and SPEAR 374 (Figure 4B). The voltage supplied to the positive conductor and the negative conductor is represented by +Vin and -Vin, respectively, and the difference between them is represented by Vin.

Now please refer to Figure 5, which is a simplified block diagram of the smart power configuration and reporting circuit (SPEAR) 400 used in the embodiments of Figures 3A, 3B and Figures 4A, 4B, especially when the DC current is coupled to the communication cable .

The SPEAR 400 preferably includes a current sensor 402 that receives a voltage input +Vin from a power source and generates a signal that is proportional to the current passing through the current sensor 402. The voltage input -Vin received from the power supply 32 (Figure 3A), 82 (Figure 3B), 132 (Figure 4A) or 182 (Figure 4B) provides a voltage output -Vout, which is usually the same as the voltage input -Vin.

The output of the current sensor 402 is supplied to a plurality of comparators 404, and the comparators 404 also receive various reference voltages Vref from each programmable reference voltage source 406 (usually implemented in an A/D converter). The programmable reference voltage source 406 compares It is better to receive control inputs from the management and control circuits 226 (FIG. 3A), 276 (FIG. 3B), 326 (FIG. 4A), and 376 (FIG. 4B) via a bus 407. Alternatively, the voltage source 406 need not be programmable.

The output of the comparator 404 is sent to a current limiter and switch 408. The switch receives the input voltage Vin via the current sensor 402 and provides a current-limiting voltage output Vout. The output voltage +Vout and -Vout are used as inputs to lead to an analog. A digital (A/D) converter 409, where the digital indication of Vout, that is, the difference between +Vout and -Vout, is preferably output to the management and control circuit 226 (Figure 3A), 276 via the bus 407 (Figure 3B), 326 (Figure 4A) and 376 (Figure 4B). The output of the comparator 404 is preferably output to the management and control circuit 226 (Figure 3A), 276 (Figure 3B), 326 (Figure 4A) and 376 (Figure 4B) via the bus 407, as a monitoring input, providing information about the flow through SPEAR Information about the DC current.

The output of some comparators 404 is directly supplied to the current limiter and switch 408, and the output of other comparators 404 is supplied to the current limiter and switch 408 via a timer 410 and a flip-flop 412. The output is directly supplied to the current limiter and the comparator 404 of the switch 408 to provide a relatively high threshold immediate current limit, while the output is supplied to the current limiter and the comparator 404 of the switch 408 via a timer 410 and a flip-flop 412 Provides a relatively low threshold delay action to cut off the current.

200410043473.6 The first flip-flop 412 responds to external inputs. These external inputs enable the management and control circuits 226 (Figure 3A), 276 (Figure 3B), 326 (Figure 4A) and 376 (Figure 4B) to remotely limit the current through the bus 407 And the operation of the switch 408.

As we can understand, the SPEAR circuit described above can also be operated on the negative wire. In this case, a short-circuit wire should be connected between Vin and Vout.

We can further understand that the components of SPEAR can also be constructed in another order.

Now please refer to FIG. 6, which shows a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 5. Since the same reference numerals are used in FIGS. 5 and 6, the schematic diagram of FIG. 6 should be self-explanatory. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, no other text descriptions are provided here.

Now please refer to FIG. 7A, which shows a simplified block diagram of the local area network node interface circuit used in the embodiments of FIGS. 1A and 2A, and takes the external dividers 142-149 as an example. As we can understand, the circuit of FIG. 7A may also be built in a local area network node, for example, as shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 7A shows typical components of a network node 500, including a data transceiver 502, a power supply 504 fed by a main power supply, and various other components 506, depending on the function of the node. The interface circuit usually includes a divider 508. The function of the divider 508 can receive data and power on the communication cable, provide a data output to the data transceiver 502, and provide another power output to a power source 510 fed by the communication cable. The power supply 510 preferably forms a part of the network node 500, and preferably can supply power to the data transceiver 502 and any other possible suitable circuits.

Now please refer to FIG. 7B, which shows a simplified block diagram of the local area network node interface circuit used in the embodiments of FIGS. IB and 2B, and takes the external connectors 192-199 as an example. As we can understand, the circuit shown in FIG. 7B may also be built in a local area network node, for example, as shown in FIG. 1B.

FIG. 7B shows typical components of a network node 550, including a data transceiver 552, a power supply 554 fed by a main power supply, and various other components 556, depending on the function of the node. The interface circuit usually includes a connector 558. The function of the connector 558 is to receive data and power on the communication cable, provide a data output to the data transceiver 552, and provide another power output to a power supply 560 fed by the communication cable. The power supply 560 preferably forms a part of the network node 550, and preferably can supply power to the data transceiver 552 and any other possible suitable circuits.

200410043473.6 Please refer to FIGS. 8A-8E, which show simplified block diagrams of different embodiments of the coupler used in the embodiments of FIGS. 3A and 4A. The common purpose of these different embodiments is to couple the DC power to the communication cable without affecting the balance along the communication cable, and at the same time only produce the smallest change in the line impedance, and prevent the line transformer coupled to the line from occurring. Saturated or burned.

Figure 8A illustrates a coupler 600, such as coupler 220 (Figure 3A) or coupler 320 (Figure 4A). This type of coupler is suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Each coupler includes a pair of additional transformers 610. The transformer 610 is usually a 1:1 transformer, and is characterized in that its secondary coil has a center tap through which the DC voltage is fed to two twisted pairs of wires.

This structure can maintain the balance of the circuit and prevent the iron core from being saturated. This structure has another advantage, that is, since the two wires of the twisted pair transmit the same voltage at the same time, the short circuit occurring along the line will not cause electrical overload. Another advantage of this structure is that if a local area network node is not specifically used to receive power on the twisted pair, it will not cause the local area network node to burn. FIG. 8B illustrates a coupler 620, such as a coupler 220 (FIG. 3A) or a coupler 320 (FIG. 4A) suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Each coupler includes a pair of additional transformers 630. The transformer 630 is usually a 1:1 transformer, and is characterized by including a secondary coil 632, which is divided into two individual windings 634 and 636. A capacitor 640 is connected between the windings 634 and 636. This capacitor can effectively connect the two windings in series for high-frequency signals, such as data signals, but can effectively isolate the two windings when used for DC.

This structure enables the two windings to transmit positive and negative voltages respectively via the same twisted pair wire. One of the advantages of this structure is that it applies a net zero DC current through the twisted pair of wires, so the magnetic field can be eliminated. Otherwise, if the twisted pair wire transmits DC current in the same direction, there will be a magnetic field.

FIG. 8C illustrates a coupler 650, such as the coupler 220 (FIG. 3A) or the coupler 320 (FIG. 4A) suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This type of coupler includes a pair of capacitors 660. The capacitor 660 effectively prevents DC from entering the local area network switch. This structure is quite simple and does not require an additional transformer.

FIG. 8D illustrates a coupler 670, such as the coupler 220 (FIG. 3A) or the coupler 320 (FIG. 4A) suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This type of coupler includes two pairs of capacitors 680 and 690. Capacitors 680 and 690 effectively prevent DC from entering the local area network to switch

200410043473.6 No. device. This structure is also quite simple and does not require an additional transformer.

This structure has another advantage, that is, since the two wires of the twisted pair transmit the same voltage at the same time, the short circuit occurring along the line will not cause electrical overload. Another advantage of this structure is that if a local area network node is not specifically used to receive power on the twisted pair, it will not cause the local area network node to burn.

FIG. 8E illustrates a coupler 700, such as the coupler 220 (FIG. 3A) or the coupler 320 (FIG. 4A) suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This type of coupler is an automatic balance common mode coupling circuit. The coupler 700 includes two pairs of adjustable active balancing circuits 702 and 704, and the two pairs of circuits respectively cooperate with the sensing and control circuits 706 and 708 to operate.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8E is that the two pairs of adjustable active balancing circuits 702, 704 that operate in cooperation with the sensing and control circuits 706 and 708, respectively, can be connected to each wire of the twisted pair to which it is coupled. Maintain exactly the same voltage.

Generally, the output terminal of a local area network switch is coupled to a communication cable via an isolation transformer 710. The isolation transformer 710 is not part of the coupler 700. When the same voltage is applied to each wire forming the twisted pair as described above, no DC voltage passes through the secondary winding of the isolation transformer 710, so no DC current flows therethrough. In this way, the DC isolation capacitor can be eliminated, thereby improving the balance and impedance matching of the coupler.

We can understand that in a theoretically ideal system, any active balance provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 8E may not be required. However, in reality, because the DC resistance along the entire communication cable system varies, the DC voltage on each wire of the twisted pair will not be exactly the same if there is no active balance, so it will cross the transformer 710 times. The secondary winding generates a DC voltage drop, which will cause the transformer 710 to saturate or burn out.

Please refer now to FIG. 8F, which shows a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment in FIG. 8E. Since the same reference numerals are used in FIG. 8E and FIG. 8F, the schematic diagram of FIG. 8F should be self-explanatory. Therefore, for the sake of simplification, no other text description is provided here.

Please refer now to FIG. 8G, which shows a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment in FIG. 8E. Since the same reference numerals are used in FIG. 8E and FIG. 8G, the schematic diagram of FIG. 8G should be self-explanatory. Therefore, for the sake of simplification, no other text description is provided here.

Now please refer to Figures 9A-9G, which show a better fit in the embodiments of Figures IA, 2A and 7A

200410043473.6 Figures 8A-8G are simplified block diagrams and schematic diagrams of various embodiments of the separators used in the combiners.

In addition to the components included in Figures 9A-9G, these dividers may also include appropriate filters to avoid crosstalk between pairs and ports.

The common purpose of these different embodiments is to release the coupling between the DC power and the communication cable without affecting the balance along the communication cable, and at the same time only produce minimal changes in its line impedance, and prevent coupling on the line The line transformer is saturated or burned out.

FIG. 9A illustrates a divider 1600, such as divider 142 (FIG. 2A), suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The separator includes a pair of additional transformers 1610 for each channel. The transformer 1610 is usually a 1:1 transformer, and is characterized in that its primary coil has a center tap through which the DC voltage is drawn from the two twisted wires.

This structure can maintain the balance of the circuit and prevent the iron core from being saturated. This structure has another advantage, that is, since the two wires of the twisted pair transmit the same voltage at the same time, the short circuit occurring along the line will not cause electrical overload. Another advantage of this structure is that if a local area network node is not specifically used to receive power on the twisted pair, it will not cause the local area network node to burn.

FIG. 9B illustrates a divider 1620, such as divider 142 (FIG. 2A), suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The separator includes a pair of additional transformers 1630 for each channel. The transformer 1630 is usually a 1:1 transformer, and is characterized by including a primary coil 1632, which is divided into two separate windings 1634 and 1636. A capacitor 1640 is connected between the windings 1634 and 1636. This capacitor can effectively connect the two windings in series for high-frequency signals, such as data signals, but can effectively isolate the two windings when used for DC.

This structure enables the two windings to transmit positive and negative voltages respectively via the same twisted pair wire. One of the advantages of this structure is that it applies a net zero DC current through the twisted pair of wires, so the magnetic field can be eliminated. Otherwise, if the twisted pair wire transmits DC current in the same direction, there will be a magnetic field.

FIG. 9C illustrates a divider 1650, such as divider 142 (FIG. 2A), suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This separator includes a pair of capacitors 1660, which can effectively block DC from entering the node circuit. This structure is quite simple and does not require an additional transformer.

FIG. 9D illustrates a divider 1670, such as divider 142 (FIG. 2A), suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This separator includes two pairs of capacitors 1680, 1690,

200410043473.6 They can effectively block DC from entering the nodal circuit. This structure is also quite simple and does not require an additional transformer.

This structure has another advantage, that is, since the two wires of the twisted pair transmit the same voltage at the same time, the short circuit occurring along the line will not cause electrical overload. Another advantage of this structure is that if a local area network node is not specifically used to receive power on the twisted pair, it will not cause the local area network node to burn.

FIG. 9E illustrates a divider 1700, such as divider 142 (FIG. 2A), suitable for use in a local area network according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This divider is an automatic balance common mode coupling circuit. The divider 1700 includes two pairs of adjustable active balancing circuits 1702, 1704, and the two pairs of circuits operate in cooperation with the sensing and control circuits 1706, 1708, respectively.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9E is that the two pairs of adjustable active balancing circuits 1702, 1704, which operate in cooperation with the sensing and control circuits 1706, 1708, respectively, can be connected to each wire of the twisted pair to which it is coupled. Maintain exactly the same voltage.

Generally, the output end of a local area network node is coupled to a communication cable via an isolation transformer 1710. The isolation transformer 1710 is not part of the separator 1700. When the same voltage is applied to each wire forming the twisted pair as described above, no DC voltage passes through the secondary winding of the isolation transformer 1710, so no DC current flows therethrough. In this way, the DC isolation capacitor can be eliminated, thereby improving the balance and impedance matching of the separator.

We can understand that in a theoretically ideal system, any active balance provided by the embodiment shown in FIG. 9E may not be required. However, in reality, because the DC resistance along the entire communication cable system varies, the DC voltage on each wire of the twisted pair will not be exactly the same if there is no active balance, so it crosses the primary of the transformer 1710 The coil generates a DC voltage drop, which will cause the transformer 1710 to saturate or burn out.

Now please refer to FIG. 9F, which shows a partial simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment in FIG. 9E, including the components 1702, 1706_oSince the same reference numerals are used in Fig. 9E and Fig. 9F, the schematic diagram of Fig. 9F should be self-explanatory. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, no other text description is provided here.

Now please refer to FIG. 9G, which shows a partial simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the embodiment in FIG. 9E, including the components 1704 and 1708 therein._οSince Figure 9E and Figure 9G are used completely

200410043473.6 With the same reference number, the schematic diagram of Figure 9G should be self-explanatory. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, no other text description is provided here.

The purpose of providing the circuits shown in FIGS. 9F and 9G is to ensure that the voltages on the two wires of the twisted pair to which they are coupled are exactly the same to prevent current from flowing through the transformer 1710 (FIG. 9E). Using the control of the components 1706 and 1708 to change the currents flowing through the active filters 1702 and 1704, respectively, this goal can be achieved by the circuits in Figs. 9F and 9G.

Now please refer to Figure 10A, which is a simplified block diagram of a communication network. The communication network includes the power supply and management of the communication cables constructed and operated according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 10A, a local area network (local area network) is provided. The network includes a hub 2010. The hub is composed of cables, preferably a structured cable system, coupled to a number of local area network nodes, such as a table. PC 2012, a web camera 2014, a fax machine 2016, a local area network telephone (also known as an IP telephone) 2018, a computer 2020, and a server 2022_o According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power supply subsystem 2030 is provided, which functions to provide at least part of the operation or backup power to the plurality of communication cables through the hub 2010 and the communication cables connecting the hub and different local area network nodes. At least part of the nodes.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10A, the subsystem 2030 is located inside the hub 2010 and includes a power supply 2032, which supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The communication cable connects a local area network switch 2034 with different local area network nodes via a coupler 2036. The combiner couples the power supplied by the power supply 2032 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication starting from the local area network switch 2034 passes through the combiner 2036, and is substantially undisturbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power management and control unit 2038 located in the hub 2010 is provided for monitoring and controlling the power supplied by the subsystem 2030 to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The power management and control unit 2038 preferably communicates with a management workstation 2040 via a local area network or WAN. The management workstation 2040 is preferably operated under the control of an operator to manage the operation of the power management and control unit 2038.

We can understand that one management workstation 2040 can manage multiple power management and control units

200410043473.6 No.

2038 operation. By providing standard local area network information to each node, the power management and control unit 2038 can also communicate with different local area network nodes via the local area network switch 2034 to manage their current power usage patterns. For example, the power management and control unit 2038 can send control messages, which are decoded at a local area network node and used by the controller in the circuit shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B to control whether to provide all or some of the functions at the node.

In a specific situation, when the power management and control unit 2038 senses that no main power can be supplied to the power source 2032, it can send a control message through the local area network switch 2034 so that different local area network nodes can be used for backup or reduction. Measured power mode operation.

It can be seen from the figure that, according to a typical local area network structure of the configuration and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cables from the hub 2010 to the desktop computer 2012, the facsimile machine 2016 and the computer 2020 can transmit data and spare The communication cable from the hub 2010 to the hub camera 2014 and the local area network phone 2018 can transmit both data and operating power, and the communication cable from the hub to the server 2022 only transmits data.

We can understand that in the local area network nodes 2012-2020, each node that receives power on the communication cable includes a separator to separate power and data. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10A, each divider is usually inside each node and is not individually designated, but we can understand that individual dividers can also be used.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10A is that data and power are transmitted on the same twisted copper wire.

As we can understand, FIG. 10A shows an embodiment of a system in which power is provided to most local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. FIG. 11A shows another system embodiment in which power is provided to most local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. Figure IIA shows a local area network, which includes a power supply and management unit, the function of this unit can supply power to the nodes of the local area network on the communication cable.

Now please refer to Figure 10B, which is a simplified block diagram of a communication network. The communication network includes the power supply and management of the communication cables constructed and operated according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 10B, a local area network (local area network) is provided, and this network includes a

200410043473.6 No. 2060, this hub is a cable, preferably a structured cable system, coupled to a number of local area network nodes, such as a desktop computer 2062, a web camera 2064, a fax machine 2066> a local area network Telephone (also known as IP telephone) 2068, a computer 2070> and a server 2072. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power supply subsystem 2080 is provided, which functions through the hub 2060 and connects the hub to different local area networks The communication cable of the network node provides at least a part of the operation or backup power to at least a part of the plurality of nodes.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10B, the subsystem 2080 is located inside the hub 2060 and includes a power supply 2082. The power supply 2082 supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The communication cable connects a local area network switch 2084 to different local area network nodes via a power interface 2086. The power interface couples the power supplied by the power source 2082 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication sent from the local area network switch 2084 passes through the power interface 2086, and is substantially undisturbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power management and control unit 2088 located in the hub 2060 is provided to monitor and control the power supplied by the subsystem 2080 to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The power management and control unit 2088 preferably communicates with a management workstation 2090 via a local area network or WAN. The management workstation 2090 is preferably operated under the control of an operator to manage the operation of the power management and control unit 2088.

As we can understand, one management workstation 2090 can manage the operations of multiple power management and control units 2088. By providing standard local area network information to each node, the power management and control unit 2088 can also communicate with different local area network nodes via the local area network switch 2084 to manage their current power usage patterns. For example, the power management and control unit 2088 can send control messages, which are decoded at a local area network node and used by the controller in the circuit shown in Figs. 14A and 14B to control whether to provide all or some of the functions at the node.

In a specific situation, when the power management and control unit 2088 senses that no main power can be supplied to the power source 2082, it can send a control message via the local area network switch 2084 so that different local area network nodes can reserve or reduce power Mode operation.

It can be seen from the figure that, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the typical local area network structure is constructed and operated from the hub 2060 to the desktop computer 2062, the fax machine 2066, and the computer 2070.

The communication cable of 200410043473.6 can transmit both data and standby power, and the communication cable from the hub 2060 to the hub camera 2064 and the local area network telephone 2068 can transmit both data and operating power, and the communication from the hub to the server 2072 The cable only transmits data.

As we can understand, in the local area network nodes 2062-2070, each node that receives power on the communication cable includes a connector to provide power and data separately. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10B, each connector is usually inside each node and is not individually designated, but we can understand that individual connectors can also be used.

A special feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10B is that data and power are transmitted on two twisted copper wires that are different for each communication cable.

As we can understand, FIG. 10B shows an embodiment of a system in which power is provided to most local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. FIG. 11B shows another system embodiment in which power is provided to most local area network nodes via a hub and communication cables connecting the hub to different local area network nodes. FIG. 11B shows a local area network, which includes a power supply and management unit. The function of this unit can supply power to the nodes of the local area network on the communication cable.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. IIA, there is a conventional hub 2100, which does not provide power on the communication cable, and has a power supply and management subsystem 2130 outside it. The power supply and management subsystem 2130 includes a power supply 2132 and a power management and The control unit 2133o power supply 2132 supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables.

The communication cable connects the local area network switch 2134 of the conventional hub 2100 and the coupler 2136 in the power and management subsystem 2130, and connects the coupler to different local area network nodes. The combiner 2136 couples the power supplied by the power source 2132 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication starting from the local area network switch 2134 passes through the coupler 2136, and is largely undisturbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a power management and control unit 2133 located in the power and management subsystem 2130 is provided. This unit monitors and controls the power supplied by the subsystem 2130 to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The power management and control unit 2133 preferably communicates with a management workstation 2140 via a local area network or WAN.

The management workstation 2140 is preferably operated under the control of an operator to manage power management

200410043473.6 The operation of the control unit 2133. As we can understand, one management workstation 2140 can manage the operations of multiple power management and control units 2133, and can also manage the operations of multiple hubs 2100.

It can be seen from the figure that, according to a typical local area network structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cables from the hub 2100 to the desktop computer 2112, the fax machine 2116, and the computer 2120 can transmit data and spare The communication cable from the hub 2100 to the hub camera 2114 and the local area network phone 2118 can transmit both data and operating power. The communication cable from the hub 2100 to the server 2122 only transmits data and can pass Subsystem 2130, but not necessary.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11A, each local area network node 2112-2120 receiving power is provided with an external divider coupled to the communication cable to separate data and power. The external divider combined with each node 2112-2120 is designated with the reference number 2142-2150, respectively. Each divider has a communication cable input terminal and separate data output terminals and power output terminals. We can understand that in the nodes 2112-2120, some or all of the internal dividers can be selectively provided, and the nodes 2112-2120 can also be partially or completely provided with external dividers.

As we can understand, in addition to the aforementioned local area network nodes, the present invention can also be used with any other suitable nodes, such as wireless local area network access points, emergency lighting system components, paging speakers, CCTV cameras, alarm sensors, door sensors, and storage devices. Take control units, laptop computers, network components (such as hubs, switches and routers), monitors and memory backup units used by personal computers and workstations.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11B, there is a conventional hub 2150, which does not provide power on the communication cable; outside the hub 2150 is a power supply and management subsystem 2180, which includes a power supply 2182 and a power management and control unit 2183_OThe power supply 2182 supplies operating power and/or backup power to different local area network nodes via communication cables.

The communication cable connects the local area network switch 2184 of the conventional hub 2150 and the power interface 2186 in the power supply and management subsystem 2180, and connects the coupler to different local area network nodes. The power interface 2186 distributes the power supplied by the power source 2182 to at least a part of the local area network nodes along the communication cable. The two-way data communication sent by the local area network switch 2184 passes through the power interface 2186, and is largely undisturbed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a power supply and management subsystem 2180

200410043473.6 The internal power management and control unit 2183 is used to monitor and control the power supplied by the subsystem 2180 to different local area network nodes via communication cables. The power management and control unit 2183 preferably communicates with a management workstation 2190 via a local area network or WAN.

The management workstation 2190 is preferably operated under the control of an operator to manage the operation of the power management and control unit 2183. As we can understand, one management workstation 2190 can manage the operations of multiple power management and control units 2183, and can also manage the operations of multiple hubs 2150.

It can be seen from the figure that, according to a typical local area network structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication cables from the hub 2150 to the desktop computer 2162, the fax machine 2166, and the computer 2170 can transmit data and spare The communication cables from the hub 2150 to the hub camera 2164 and the local area network telephone 2168 can transmit both data and operating power. The communication cables from the hub 2150 to the server 2172 only transmit data and can pass Subsystem 2180, but not necessary.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11B, each local area network node 2162-2170 that receives power is provided with an external connector for separately providing data and power from the communication cable. The external connectors combined with each node 2162-2170 are designated with reference numbers 2192-2199, respectively. Each connector has a communication cable input terminal and separate data output terminals and power output terminals. As we can understand, in the nodes 2162-2170, some or all of the internal connectors can be selectively provided, and the nodes 2162-2170 can also be provided with some or all of the external connectors.

As we can understand, in addition to the aforementioned local area network nodes, the present invention can also be used with any other suitable nodes, such as wireless local area network access points, emergency lighting system components, paging speakers, CCTV cameras, alarm sensors, door sensors, and storage devices. Take control units, laptop computers, network components (such as hubs, switches and routers), monitors and memory backup units used by personal computers and workstations.

Please refer now to FIG. 12A, which shows a simplified block diagram of a hub, such as the hub 2010 used in the embodiment of FIG. 10A. The hub 2010 preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch, such as the local area network switch 2034 (FIG. 10A), which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is coupled to a Coupler and filter unit 2037. This unit includes a plurality of couplers 220 and filters 222, as shown in FIG. 3A, and forms a part of the coupler 2036 (FIG. 10A).

200410043473.6 The first coupler and filter unit 2037 is connected to a number of smart power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR) 2224_OEach SPEAR 2224 is connected to a power source 2032 (Figure 10A) to receive power therefrom. As we can understand, the location of the power source 2032 can be outside the hub 2010. The power supply 2032 can be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The power management and control unit 2038 (FIG. 10A) preferably includes a plurality of SPEAR controllers 2160, which are preferably connected to a microprocessor 2164, a memory 2166, and a communication circuit 2168 via a bus 2162. The communication circuit 2168 usually includes a modem. The function of the power management and control unit 2038 is preferably to control the operation of all couplers, filters and SPEAR in the combiner 2036, and to control the operation of the power supply 2032. The power management and control unit 2038 preferably communicates with the management workstation 2040 (FIG. 10A), so that the operator can control and monitor the power configured to different local area network nodes in various system operation modes.

Now please refer to FIG. 12B, which shows a simplified block diagram of a hub, such as the hub 2060 used in the embodiment of FIG. 10B. The hub 2060 preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch, such as the local area network switch 2084 (Figure 10B), this switch functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is coupled to a filter unit 2087. This unit includes multiple filters 222, as shown in Figure 3B, and forms part of the power interface 2086 (Figure 10B)₀ The filter unit 2087 is connected to a number of intelligent power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR) 2274₀Each SPEAR 2274 is connected to a power source 2082 (Figure 10B) to receive power therefrom. As we can understand, the location of the power source 2082 can be outside the hub 2060. The power supply 2082 may be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The power management and control unit 2088 (FIG. 10B) preferably includes a plurality of SPEAR controllers 2276, which are preferably connected to a microprocessor 2280, a memory 2282, and a communication circuit 2284 via a bus 2278. The communication circuit 2284 usually includes a modem. The function of the power management and control unit 2088 is preferably to control the operation of all filters and SPEAR in the power interface 2086, and to control the operation of the power source 2082. The power management and control unit 2088 preferably communicates with the management workstation 2090 (FIG. 10B), so that the operator can control and monitor the power allocated to different local area network nodes in various system operation modes.

Now please refer to FIG. 13A, which shows a simplified block diagram of the hub and power supply and management subsystem used in the embodiment of FIG. 11A. The hub 2100 (Figure 11A) preferably includes a conventional, commercially available

200410043473.6 The first commercially available local area network switch 2134, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is coupled to a coupler 2136. This coupler 2136 forms a part of the power subsystem 2130.

The combiner 2136 includes a coupler and filter unit 2137, which includes a plurality of couplers 320 and filters 322, as shown in FIG. 4A.

The coupler and filter unit 2137 is connected to a number of smart power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR) 2324. Each SPEAR 2324 is connected to a power source 2132 (FIG. 11A) to receive power therefrom. As we can understand, the location of the power supply 2132 can be outside the power supply and management subsystem 2130. The power supply 2132 can be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The power management and control unit 2133 (FIG. 11A) preferably includes a plurality of SPEAR controllers 2360. These controllers 2360 are preferably connected to a microprocessor 2364, a memory 2366, and a communication circuit 2368 via a bus 2362. The communication circuit 2368 usually includes a modem. The function of the power management and control unit 2133 is preferably to control the operation of all couplers, filters and SPEAR in the combiner 2136, and to control the operation of the power supply 2132.

The power management and control unit 2133 preferably communicates with the management workstation 2140 (FIG. 11A), so that the operator can control and monitor the power allocated to different local area network nodes in various system operation modes.

Now please refer to FIG. 13B, which shows a simplified block diagram of the hub and power supply and management subsystem used in the embodiment of FIG. 11B. The hub 2150 (FIG. 11B) preferably includes a conventional, commercially available local area network switch 2184, which functions as a data communication switch/repeater, and is coupled to a power interface 2186₀The power interface 2186 forms a part of the power subsystem 2180.

The power interface 2186 includes a filter unit 2187, which includes a plurality of filters 372, as shown in FIG. 4B.

The filter unit 2187 is connected to a number of smart power configuration and reporting circuits (SPEAR) 2374. Each SPEAR 2374 is connected to a power source 2182 (FIG. 11B) to receive power therefrom. As we can understand, the location of the power supply 2182 can be outside the power supply and management subsystem 2180. The power supply 2182 can be provided with a power-off backup device, such as a battery connector.

The power management and control unit 2183 (FIG. IIB) preferably includes a plurality of SPEAR controllers 2376.

200410043473.6 This controller 2376 is preferably connected to a microprocessor 2380, a memory 2382, and a communication circuit 2384 via a bus 2378_OThe communication circuit 2384 usually includes a modem. The function of the power management and control unit 2183 is preferably to control the operation of all filters and SPEAR in the power interface 2186, and to control the operation of the power source 2182.

The power management and control unit 2183 preferably communicates with the management workstation 2190 (FIG. 11B), so that the operator can control and monitor the power allocated to different local area network nodes in various system operation modes.

Please refer now to FIGS. 14A and 14B, which show simplified block diagrams of two different node architectures used in the embodiments of FIGS. 10A, 10E, 11A, and 11B.

The circuit included in the circuit shown in FIG. 14A is preferably included in a node, and a part of the circuit may also be included in a separator or connector coupled to the node.

Regardless of the nature of the node, for example, any node 2012-2020 in Fig. 10A, any node 2062-2070 in Fig. 10B, any node 2122-2120 in Fig. 11A, or any node 2162 in Fig. 11B 2170, usually includes the circuits required for all function operations and decrement function operations, which are referred to herein as "basic circuits" and are designated by the reference number 2400. The circuits that are not needed in the decrement function operation are referred to herein as non-basic circuits and designated by reference numeral 2402. For example, if the node includes an IP phone, the basic circuit 2400 includes a circuit that allows the user to speak and listen on the phone, while the non-basic circuit 2402 provides supplementary functions, such as automatic redial, telephone address book, and hands-free phone function.

Circuits 2400 and 2402, which are usually part of a node, are indicated by reference numeral 2404. Now explain other circuits that are not necessarily incorporated into the node. A power supply 2406 (such as the power supply 510 of FIG. 7A or the power supply 560 of FIG. 7B) is connected via a communication cable from a separator (such as the separator 508 shown in FIG. 7A) or a connector (such as the connector shown in FIG. 7B). 558) Receive power. The power supply 2406 supplies power to the basic circuit 2400 and the non-basic circuit 2402 via a switch 2410 respectively. The switch 2410 can also receive and control the power transmitted from another power supply 2412 connected to the main power supply.

The switch 2410 receives control input from a controller 2414. The controller 2414 is usually a conventional microcontroller that provides a binary output. The controller 2414 receives control input from a sensor 2416. Preferably, the controller 2414 also receives control output from the power supply 2412

200410043473.6 first entry.

The sensor 2416 can be implemented in many possible ways. For example, it can sense the level of current supplied to the power supply 2406. In addition/or, it can sense the control signal transmitted there, such as the signal transmitted from the power management and control unit 2038 via the combiner 2036 through the communication cable (FIG. 10A), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11A A signal transmitted via a communication cable. Or, it can sense the control signal sent there, such as the signal sent from the power management and control unit 2088 via the power interface 2086 through the communication cable (FIG. 10B), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11B via communication The signal transmitted by the cable.

The sensor 2416 may receive power and/or data output from the divider 508 (FIG. 7A) or the connector 558 (FIG. 7B) as input. The input received by the sensor 2416 from the data output of the divider 508 or the connector 558 may be tapped from one of the input ends of the basic circuit including the control signal decoding function, but preferably may be output from the basic circuit that provides the decoding control signal Export.

The function of the controller 2414 can be summarized as follows: When the controller 2414 receives a control input from the power supply 2412, indicating that the power supply is available for main power, it operates the switch 2410 to supply power to both the basic circuit 2400 and the non-basic circuit 2402. .

When the power supply 2412 has no main power supply, but the sensor 2416 indicates that there is sufficient power available via the communication cable, the controller 2414 operates the switch 2410 to supply power to both the basic circuit 2400 and the non-basic circuit 2402.

However, when the power supply 2412 has no main power supply and the sensor 2416 also indicates that there is insufficient power available, the controller 2414 operates the switch 2410 so that the appropriate amount of power is supplied to the basic circuit 2400 with the highest priority. If there is additional power available beyond the power required by the basic circuit 2400, it can be supplied to the non-basic circuit 2402 via the switch 2410.

Alternatively, when the controller 2414 controls the operation of the switch 2410, it may be determined not only by the available power, or not at all, but only by the control signal sensed by the sensor 2416, which is completely or partially independent of the available power.

Now referring to FIG. 14B, the circuit included in the circuit shown therein is preferably included in a node, and a part of this circuit may also be included in a separator or connector connected to the node. The power supply 2436 (such as the power supply 510 of FIG. 7A or the power supply 560 of FIG. 7B) is from a separator (such as the separator 508 shown in FIG. 7A) or from a connector (such as the power supply 560 shown in FIG. 7B) via a communication cable.

200410043473.6 No. 558) to receive power. The power supply 2436 supplies power to the circuit 2440 of the node via a switch 2438. The switch 2438 can also receive power from a power source 2442 connected to the main power source.

The switch 2438 receives control input from the controller 2444. The controller 2444 is usually a conventional microcontroller that provides a binary output. The controller 2444 receives a control input from a sensor 2446 and a control input from a monitoring circuit 2448. The monitoring circuit 2448 is continuously powered by the power supply 2436 or the power supply 2442 to sense the need of the local area network node to change the function from the sleep mode to the full function. The monitoring circuit 2448 can sense this need by receiving the user's input indicating that the node is to be used, or receiving a control message via the communication cable. The controller 2444 can also be a control input from the power supply 2442.

The sensor 2446 can be implemented in many possible ways. For example, it can sense the level of current supplied to the power supply 2446. In addition/or, it can sense the control signal transmitted there, such as the signal transmitted from the power management and control unit 2038 via the combiner 2036 through the communication cable (FIG. 10A), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11A A signal transmitted via a communication cable. Or, it can sense the control signal sent there, such as the signal sent from the power management and control unit 2088 via the power interface 2086 through the communication cable (FIG. 10B), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11B via communication The signal transmitted by the cable.

The function of the controller 2444 can be summarized as follows: if the monitoring circuit 2448 or the sensor 2446 does not indicate to the contrary, the controller 2444 operates the switch 2438 to stop the circuit 2440 from operating. If an appropriate input from the monitoring circuit 2448 or the sensor 2446 indicates that the circuit 2440 needs to be operated, the controller 2444 operates the switch 2438 to make the circuit 2440 operate.

Please refer to Figure 15 now. The circuit included in the circuit shown in FIG. 15 is preferably included in a node, and a part of the circuit may also be included in a divider connected to the node.

Regardless of the nature of the node, for example, any node 2012-2020 in Fig. 10A, any node 2062-2070 in Fig. 10B, any node 2122-2120 in Fig. 11A, or any node 2162 in Fig. 11B 2170, usually includes the circuits required for all function operations and decrement function operations, and is referred to as the basic circuit here and designated by the reference number 2500. The circuits that are not required in the decrement function operation are referred to herein as non-basic circuits" and are designated by reference numeral 2502. For example, if the node includes an IP phone, the basic circuit 2500 includes

200410043473.6 The first speaking and listening circuit, instead of the basic circuit 2502, provides supplementary functions, such as automatic redial, telephone address book and hands-free telephone functions.

Circuits 2500 and 2502, which are usually part of a node, are indicated by reference numeral 2504. Now explain other circuits that are not necessarily incorporated into the node.

A power supply 2506 (such as the power supply 510 of FIG. 7A or the power supply 560 of FIG. 7B) is connected via a communication cable from a separator (such as the separator 508 shown in FIG. 7A) or a connector (such as the connector shown in FIG. 7B). 558) Receive power. The power supply 2506 supplies power to the basic circuit 2500 via a switch 2508 and the non-basic circuit 2502 via a switch 2510, respectively._oThe switches 2508 and 2510 can also receive and control the power transmitted from another power source 2512 connected to the main power source.

The switches 2508 and 2510 each receive a control input from a controller 2514. The controller 2514 is usually a conventional microcontroller that provides a binary output. The controller 2514 receives control input from a sensor 2516. Preferably, the controller 2514 also receives control input from the power supply 2512.

The sensor 2516 can be implemented in many possible ways. For example, it can sense the level of current supplied to the power supply 2506. In addition/or, it can sense the control signal transmitted there, such as the signal transmitted from the power management and control unit 2038 via the combiner 2036 through the communication cable (FIG. 10A), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11A A signal transmitted via a communication cable. Or, it can sense the control signal sent there, such as the signal sent from the power management and control unit 2088 via the power interface 2086 through the communication cable (FIG. 10B), or from the similar circuit in the embodiment of FIG. 11B via communication The signal transmitted by the cable.

The sensor 2516 may receive power and/or data output from the divider 508 (FIG. 7A) or the connector 558 (FIG. 7B) as input. The input received by the sensor 2516 from the data input of the divider 508 or the connector 558 can be tapped from the input of the basic circuit including the control signal decoding function, but preferably can be derived from the output of the basic circuit that provides the decoding control signal .

The monitoring circuit 2540 is continuously powered by the power supply 2506 or the power supply 2512 to sense the need of the local area network node to change the function from the sleep mode to the full function. The monitoring circuit 2540 can sense this need by receiving input from the user indicating that the node is to be used, or receiving a control message through the communication cable.

200410043473.6 The function of the controller 2514 can be summarized as follows: When the controller 2514 receives a control input from the power supply 2512, indicating that the power supply is available for main power, it operates the switches 2508 and 2510 to supply power to the basic circuit 2500 and non-basic circuits. Circuit 2502 both.

When the power supply 2512 has no main power supply, but the sensor 2516 indicates that there is sufficient power available via the communication cable, the controller 2514 operates the switches 2508 and 2510 to supply power to both the basic circuit 2500 and the non-basic circuit 2502.

However, when the power supply 2512 has no main power available and the sensor 2516 also indicates that sufficient power is not available, the controller 2514 operates the switch 2508 so that the appropriate amount of power is supplied to the basic circuit 2500 with the highest priority. If the basic circuit 2500 requires power When there is extra power available, it can be supplied to the non-basic circuit 2502 via the switch 2510_ο Alternatively, when the controller 2514 controls the operation of the switch 2510, it may be determined not only by the available power, or not at all, but only by the control signal sensed by the sensor 2516, which is completely or partially independent of the available power.

If the monitoring circuit 2540 or the sensor 2516 does not indicate to the contrary, the controller operates the switch 2508 to stop the circuit 2500. If an appropriate input from the monitoring circuit 2540 or the sensor 2516 indicates that the circuit 2500 needs to be operated, the controller 2514 That is, the switch 2508 is operated to make the circuit 2500 operate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power supply 2406 in the embodiment of FIG. 14A, the power supply 2436 in the embodiment of FIG. 14B, and the power supply 2506 in the embodiment of FIG. 15 may include rechargeable energy storage elements. In this structure, these power sources can provide limited backup power for power failure or any other suitable conditions. These power supplies can also allow intermittent operation of local area network nodes when only a very limited amount of power can be transmitted on the communication cable.

Now please refer to FIG. 16, which shows a schematic flow chart of power management of the networks of FIGS. 10A, 10B, 11A, and 11B in normal operation and reduced power mode. As shown in Figure 16, the power management and control unit 2038 (Figure 10A), 2088 (Figure 10B), 2133 (Figure 11A) or 2138 (Figure 11B) manages the power supply to at least some local area network nodes via communication cables. Preferably, it is managed based on a predetermined function, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 17.

The power management and control unit 2038 (FIG. 10A), 2088 (FIG. 10B), 2133 (FIG. 11A) or 2138 (FIG. 11B) monitors and manages the power consumption of the local area network node. It can perceive

200410043473.6 No. Current status and power off according to appropriate conditions. The power management and control unit 2038 (FIG. 10A ), 2088 (FIG. 10B ), 2133 (FIG. 11A) or 2138 (FIG. 11B) can be operated in a non-autonomous power management mode or an autonomous power management mode. The operation mode is usually selected when the local area network is constructed. However, the operation mode can also be selected after the construction.

In the non-spontaneous power management mode operation, if the power management and control unit senses that there is insufficient power on the communication cable to transmit to each node in the local area network, it will supply reduced power to at least some of the local area network nodes. It can provide control messages or other control inputs to each node in the local area network to make them operate in a reduced power mode. In spontaneous power management mode operation, when certain activities are reduced, such as nights and weekends, to manage and control the reduction of available power in order to save energy costs.

In an embodiment of the spontaneous power management mode operation, it is the management that determines which nodes receive which amount of power at which time. This is an example of a non-dynamic and non-conditional reaction formula, which will not be discussed in detail in the following description.

In another embodiment of the spontaneous power management mode operation, the available power at a known moment is determined by management, and the function of the present invention regards the power controlled by this management as available power. The operation of the present invention may be similar to that of non-spontaneous power management, but its threshold and response may be different.

Now please refer to FIG. 17, which shows a preferred method of supplying power to at least some local area network nodes according to the present invention.

Hub 2010 (Figure 10A) 2060 (Figure 10B) or power supply and management subsystem 2130 (Figure 11A), 2180 (Figure 11B) after initial setting, it will query the communication cable and the nodes that want to transmit power through the communication cable The connection between.

The initial settings of the hub 2010 (Figure 10A), 2060 (Figure 10B) or the subsystems 2130 (Figure 11A), 2180 (Figure 11B) preferably include an automatic start test program to ensure that the hub 2010 (Figure 10A), 2060 (Figure 10B) the correct operation of each component or subsystem 2130 (Figure 11A), 2180 (Figure 11B) (if present) and management workstation 2040 (Figure 10A), 2090 (Figure 10B)> 2140 (Figure 11A) or The communication of 2190 (Figure 11B) determines the ideal operating parameters of the hub or subsystem for each node, and sets up an internal database, which includes the ideal operating parameters of each node. During normal system operation, use management workstations 2040 (Figure 10A), 2090 (Figure 10B), 2140 (Figure 10B)

200410043473.6 No.

The operator of 11A) or 2190 (Figure 11B) can modify the different operating parameters of each node.

The query will be described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 18A and 18B.

If the inquired node is considered to have the characteristics of power supply on the local area network and is classified in the internal database as a node that wants to obtain transmission power through the communication cable, then set SPEAR based on the content of the internal database Parameters, and transmit power to the node via the communication cable. When necessary, suitable signal messages can be sent to the remote node, and the status of the line connected to the node can be reported to the management workstation 2040.

Then, repeat the foregoing procedures for each line on the hub 2010 or the subsystem 2130 that is to be transmitted via the communication cable.

Now please refer to FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B. These two figures together constitute a flow chart showing a preferred embodiment of the query and initial power supply function shown in FIG. 17.

As shown in Figures 18A and 18B, first, at the output end of SPEAR 224 (Figure 3A), 274 (Figure 3B), 324 (Figure 4A) or 374 (Figure 4B) corresponding to the line that wants to obtain power transmission via the communication cable, Measure the voltage. If the absolute value of the voltage is higher than a predetermined programmable threshold VI, the line is classified as a voltage with an external source on the line. In this case, no power is supplied to the line via the communication cable.

If the absolute value of the voltage is not higher than the predetermined programmable threshold VI, the SPEAR current limit 10 is set to a predetermined programmable value ILL and the SPEAR switch 408 is turned on (FIG. 5).

Then measure the voltage and current at the output of SPEAR, usually at three predetermined programmable times T1, T2, and T3. The times T1, T2, and T3 are usually determined by the time constant determined by the inductance of a typical NIC transformer and the maximum loop DC resistance of the maximum allowable communication cable length between the hub or subsystem and a node. Generally, T1, T2, and T3 are equal to 1, 2, and 10 times the above-mentioned time constant.

Typical values of Tl, T2 and T3 are 4 seconds, 8 seconds and 40 seconds respectively.

Based on these measured values, the status of the node and the line connected to it can be determined. The following is a set of typical determinations: No load (NO LOAD): means that the measured values of Tl, T2, and T3 are all V0UT>V2 and the absolute value I0<I2_o Short circuit (SHORT CIRCUIT): means that the measured values of Tl, T2, and T3 are all

200410043473.6 No.

V0UT<V3 and absolute value 10>13.

Network interface card load (NIC LOAD): refers to V0UTT3&lt;V4 and absolute value

IOTKIOT2<IOT3o POL LOAD: Refers to VOUTT1>V5 and V0UTT2>V5 and V0UTT3>V5, and the absolute value ΙΤ1>Ι5 or the absolute value ΙΤ2>Ι5 or the absolute value ΙΤ3>Ι5_ο Among them: "no load" condition means that the node is not connected to the line; short circuit" condition refers to the line upstream of the node or within the node, and there is a short circuit across the positive and negative conductors; the network interface card load condition means that there is a network on the node The interface card line transformer is cross-line connection; The power supply load condition on the local area network refers to the cross-line connection of a power supply divider on the local area network on the node;

V0 is the voltage of the line at the output end of the power distributor;

VI is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, the highest peak value of the measured voltage VOUT can reach this value for a few minutes;

V2 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is located at the output of the power distributor between the voltage +VOUT and -νουτ and no load is connected, the lowest value of the measured voltage VOUT can last for a few minutes. Up to this value

V3 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when a resistor is connected between the voltage +VOUT and -νουτ at the output terminal of the power distributor, the highest peak value of the measured voltage VOUT can be measured for a few minutes. Up to this value

V4 is a predetermined programmable value; preferably, when there is no power transmission on the line, and when a resistor is connected between the voltage +VOUT and -νουτ at the transmission end of the power distributor, the highest peak value of the measured voltage νουτ , Last a few minutes to reach this value;

V5 is a predetermined programmable value, which represents the typical threshold of VIN, and the node power supply starts to operate at this value;

VOUTT1 is the νουτ measured at the first time Τ1;

VOUTT2 is the VOUT measured at the second time T2;

200410043473.6 No.

VOUTT3 is the VOUT measured at the third time T3;

10 is the current flow of the line at the output end of the power distributor;

IL1 is the predetermined programmable value of the output terminal of the power distributor of the line;

12 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is located at the output end of the power distributor and no load is connected, the maximum peak value of the measured current 10 can reach this value for several minutes;

13 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when a resistor is connected between +V0UT and -V0UT at the output of the power distributor, the minimum value of the measured current 10 can be reached for a few minutes This value;

15 is a predetermined programmable value; when there is no power transmission on the line, and when the line is located at the transmission end of the power distributor and no load is connected, the maximum peak value of the measured current 10 can reach this value for a few minutes;

I0T1 is 10 measured at time T1;

I0T2 is 10 measured at time T2; and

I0T3 is 10 measured at time T3. Now please refer to Figures 19AT9D, 20A-20D, 21Α-21D, 22Α-22D, 23A-23D and 24A-24D, which show various different types according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Power consumption monitoring and management function. Most or all of the functions described below use a basic monitoring and management technology. Now the description is as follows: According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring and management functions of power consumption during normal operation include sensing all The current on the line. This perception is preferably carried out in a usual cyclic manner. Then compare the sensed current with the programmable preset reference value of each circuit. In addition/or, voltage can also be sensed and used for this purpose. According to this comparison result, each node can be classified as over current, low current, or normal. The overcurrent category includes programmable thresholds, such as high overcurrent and general overcurrent. The normal category may have subcategories, such as active mode, sleep mode, and low power mode.

The function of this system can control the operation of nodes classified as overcurrent in the following way: if the current at a node exceeds a general overcurrent threshold for at least a predetermined time, the power to the node is cut off after the predetermined time. The current supplied to a node must not exceed

200410043473.6 This high over-current threshold is passed first. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, different intermediate thresholds can be defined between the general over-current threshold and the high over-current threshold, and the determination of the predetermined power cut-off time is a function of which intermediate threshold is exceeded.

The function of this system can be used to control the operation of nodes classified as low current in the following way: after a low current node is detected, the current supply to the node is terminated within a relatively short period of time, and the predetermined time is selected to avoid interference. Improper response to noise.

In addition to the aforementioned functions, the system can also monitor the overcurrent of all nodes on all lines. This monitoring can be done in a centralized manner, or inferred based on the information received from the aforementioned line-by-line monitoring.

Then compare the sensed overcurrent with a programmable predetermined reference value. According to the comparison result, the entire power supply, the management subsystem 2180 and the nodes connected to it are classified as over-current or normal. The overcurrent category includes programmable thresholds, such as high overcurrent and general overcurrent.

The function of this system can be used to control the operation classified as over-current central hub or power supply and management subsystem in the following ways: if the over-current exceeds the general total over-current threshold for at least a predetermined time, the supply to at least some The power of these nodes. Under no circumstances should the total current exceed the high total overcurrent threshold. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, different intermediate thresholds can be defined between the general total over-current threshold and the high total over-current threshold, and the determination of the predetermined power cut-off time is a function of which intermediate threshold is exceeded.

In addition to the aforementioned functions, the function of the system can also continuously or intermittently report to an external monitoring system the current categorization of each node and each central or power supply and management subsystem.

In addition to the aforementioned functions, the function of the system can also notify each node of upcoming changes in the current supply of each node.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of FIGS. 19A, 19E, 19C, and 19D, each of which shows a possible mechanism for performing all functional operations or non-autonomous operations in the non-spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16.

FIG. 19A shows the basic technology for all-function operation or non-power operation in non-spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 19A, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, all electricity will be supplied one by one on the basis of priority.

200410043473.6 The first force to other nodes. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If yes, and a node with a lower priority is currently receiving power, the power supply to the node with the lower priority is cut off, and the power to the node with the higher priority is turned on.

FIG. 19B shows an all-function operation or non-energy operation technology with the principle of emergency surpassing used in non-spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The technique of FIG. 19B can be used in the functional environment of FIG. 19A.

As shown in Figure 19B, the system can perceive an emergency need for power at a known node. In this case, the known node can be given the highest priority and the function shown in Figure 19A can be applied. Once the emergency situation no longer exists, the priority order of the known node returns to its general priority order, and the function shown in FIG. 19A is operated.

FIG. 19C shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention used in non-autonomous power management to wait for the sequence to control the priority order of all functional operation or non-energy operation technology. As shown in Figure 19C, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority order controlled by the waiting sequence. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If so, add the node to the end of the waiting sequence.

FIG. 19D shows the all-function operation or non-energy operation technology based on the time-sharing priority order used in non-spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 19D, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on a time-sharing priority basis. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

200410043473.6 No. If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there is a new node that needs power. If so, and a node with a lower priority has received power for a long time and has exceeded a predetermined minimum time according to perception, and it is currently receiving power, the power of the lower priority node will be cut off and lead Pass the power of the higher priority node.

As we can understand, it is usually best to notify nodes in advance of changes in their power supply. This can be achieved by transmitting signals along the communication cable in a general data transmission mode or any other suitable mode.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of FIGS. 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D, each of which shows a possible mechanism for performing all the function operations or the reduction function operations in the non-spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16.

FIG. 20A shows a basic technique for full function operation or reduced function operation in non-autonomous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 20A, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there are nodes that require additional power or whether there are new nodes that require power. If so, and a node with a lower priority is currently receiving power, the power supply to the node with a lower priority is reduced, and power is provided to the node with a higher priority.

FIG. 20B shows an all-function operation or reduced-function operation technology with an emergency override principle for non-spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The technique of FIG. 20B can be used in the functional environment of FIG. 20A.

As shown in Figure 20B, the system can perceive that an additional power is urgently needed at a known node. In this case, the known node can be given the highest priority and the function of Fig. 20A can be applied. Once the emergency situation no longer exists, the priority order of the known node returns to its general priority order, and the function shown in FIG. 20A is operated.

Figure 20C shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention used in non-spontaneous power management to

200410043473.6 The first waiting sequence controls all function operation or decrement function operation technology in the priority order. As shown in Figure 20C, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, power is supplied to other nodes one by one or additional power is supplied to each node based on the priority order controlled by the waiting sequence, usually on the basis of advanced (waiting sequence) first supply. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there are nodes that require additional power or whether there are new nodes that require power. If so, add the node to the end of the waiting sequence.

FIG. 20D shows an all-function operation or reduced-function operation technology based on the time-sharing priority order used in non-autonomous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 20D, the system first determines the total power available to it and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total available power (TPA).

If TPC/TPA is usually less than 0.8, power is supplied to other nodes one by one on a time-sharing priority basis, or additional power is supplied to each node. Usually the node with the longest usage period is cut off first. If TPC/TPA is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPA is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there are new nodes that require power or whether there are nodes that require additional power. If so, and a node with a lower priority has received power for a long time and has exceeded a predetermined minimum time according to perception, and it is currently receiving power, the power supply of the node with a lower priority is reduced, and Provide power to nodes with higher priority.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of FIGS. 21A, 21B, 21C, and 21D, each of which shows a possible mechanism for performing the node activation sleep mode operation in the spontaneous power management step in the flowchart of FIG. 16.

Figure 21A shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to lack of activity for at least a predetermined time. As shown in FIG. 21A, first, the time period TD1 of the node since the previous activity is measured. If TD1 usually exceeds several seconds or several minutes, and no user or system prohibits sleep mode operation

200410043473.6 input, the node is operating in sleep mode, this mode of operation usually can substantially reduce the power demand.

Figure 21B shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to lack of communication for at least a predetermined time. As shown in Figure 21B, first measure the time period TD2 of the node since the previous communication_OIf the TD2 usually exceeds a few seconds or a few minutes, and there is no input from the user or the system to prohibit the sleep mode operation, the node operates in the sleep mode. This mode of operation can usually substantially reduce the power demand.

Figure 21C shows a node that responds to timing control and is active in a regularly occurring time slot. If there is no system or user input, it will operate in sleep mode. As shown in Fig. 21C, the time slot is defined as time TD3 and the remaining time is defined as TD4. The node can determine whether it is currently in the time slot TD3, and if not, that is, in the remaining time TD4, it will operate in the sleep mode.

Figure 21D shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to sensing a fault condition. As shown in Figure 21D, the node periodically performs self-tests. The purpose of self-testing may be to communicate with the hub or power supply and management subsystem. If the node passes the test, it operates in the normal way. If the node fails the test, it operates in sleep mode.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of Figures 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D, which each show a possible mechanism for executing the sleep mode initiated by the hub or the power supply and management subsystem in the spontaneous power management step in the flowchart of Figure 16 operating.

Figure 22A shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to lack of activity for at least a predetermined time. As shown in Figure 22A, first measure the time period TDL of the node from the previous activity as perceived by the central or power and management subsystem. If TD1 usually exceeds a few seconds or minutes, and there is no input from the user or the system to prohibit sleep mode operation, The node is operated in a sleep mode, which usually can substantially reduce the power demand.

Figure 22B shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to lack of communication for at least a predetermined time. As shown in Fig. 22B, first measure the time period TD2 of the node perceived by the hub or power supply and management subsystem since the previous communication. If the TD2 usually exceeds a few seconds or a few minutes, and there is no input from the user or the system to prohibit the sleep mode operation, the node operates in the sleep mode. This mode of operation can generally substantially reduce the power demand.

Figure 22C shows that a node responds to timing control from the hub or power and management subsystems

200410043473.6 The first activity in a regularly occurring time slot, if there is no system or user input, it will operate in sleep mode. As shown in Figure 22C, the time slot is defined as time TD3 and the rest of the time is defined as TD4_OThe node can determine whether it is currently in the time slot TD3, and if not, that is, in the remaining time TD4, it will operate in the sleep mode. Alternatively, the hub or the power supply and management subsystem can manage the power supply to the node according to the aforementioned timing control, thereby controlling the operation of the node.

Figure 22D shows a situation where a node is operating in sleep mode due to a fault condition sensed by the central or power and management subsystem. As shown in Figure 22D, the hub or power and management subsystem performs node tests on a regular basis. The purpose of self-testing may be to communicate with the hub or power supply and management subsystem. If the node passes the test, it operates in the normal way. If the node fails the test, it operates in sleep mode.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of FIGS. 23A, 23B, 23C, and 23D, each of which shows a possible mechanism for performing all functional operations or non-energy operations in the spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16.

FIG. 23A shows the basic technology for all-function operation or non-function operation in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 23A, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system at a known time by the management according to a power reserve plan and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current total configured power (TPL).

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If yes, and a node with a lower priority is currently receiving power, the power supply to the node with the lower priority is cut off, and the power to the node with the higher priority is turned on.

FIG. 23B shows an all-function operation or non-energy operation technology with emergency overriding principle used in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The technology of FIG. 23B can be used in the functional environment of FIG. 23A.

As shown in Figure 23B, the system can perceive an emergency need for power at a known node. here

200410043473.6 In the first case, the known node can be given the highest priority and the function shown in Figure 23A can be applied. Once the emergency situation no longer exists, the priority order of the known node returns to its general priority order, and the function shown in FIG. 23A is operated.

According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the emergency mode function can exceed any spontaneous power management restrictions.

FIG. 23C shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention used in spontaneous power management to control all functional operations or non-energy operation techniques with priority order of waiting sequence. As shown in Figure 23C, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current configuration total power (TPL). The technique of FIG. 23C can be used in the environment of FIG. 23A.

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, BeiU supplies all power to other nodes one by one based on the priority order controlled by the waiting sequence, which is usually based on the advanced (waiting sequence) first supply basis. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If so, add the node to the bottom of the waiting sequence.

FIG. 23D shows the all-function operation or non-energy operation technology based on the time-sharing priority order used in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 23D, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current configuration total power (TPL).

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on a time-sharing priority basis, usually the node with the longest period of use is cut off first. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If so, and a node with a lower priority has received power for a long time and has exceeded a predetermined minimum time according to perception, and it is currently receiving power, the power of the lower priority node will be cut off and lead Pass the power of the higher priority node.

As we can understand, it is usually best to notify nodes in advance of changes in their power supply. Use general data transmission mode or any other suitable mode to transmit along the communication cable

200410043473.6 No. signal, can achieve this purpose.

Now please refer to the outline flowcharts of FIGS. 24A, 24B, 24C, and 24D, each of which shows a possible mechanism for performing all the function operations or the reduction function operations in the spontaneous power management steps in the flowchart of FIG. 16.

FIG. 24A shows a basic technique for full function operation or reduced function operation in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 24A, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current configuration total power (TPL). The technique of FIG. 24A can be used in the environment of FIG. 23A.

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, all power will be supplied to other nodes one by one on the basis of priority. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether a new node needs power. If so, and a node with a lower priority is currently receiving power, the power supply to the node with a lower priority is reduced, and additional power is provided to the node with a higher priority.

FIG. 24B shows an all-function operation or reduced-function operation technology with an emergency override principle used in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The technique of FIG. 24B can be used in the functional environment of FIG. 24A.

As shown in Figure 24B, the system can perceive that it is located at a known node that urgently needs additional power. In this case, the known node can be given the highest priority and the function shown in Fig. 24A can be applied. Once the emergency situation no longer exists, the priority order of the known node returns to its general priority order, and the function shown in FIG. 24A is operated.

According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the emergency mode function can exceed any spontaneous power management restrictions.

FIG. 24C shows a technique used in spontaneous power management in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention to control all functions or decrement functions in the priority order of waiting sequence. As shown in Figure 24C, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current configuration total power (TPL). Figure 24C

200410043473.6 The technology can be used in the environment of Figure 23A.

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, power is supplied to other nodes one by one based on the priority order controlled by the waiting sequence, usually on the basis of advanced (waiting sequence) first supply. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be reduced one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there are new nodes that require additional power. If so, add the node to the bottom of the waiting sequence.

FIG. 24D shows the all-function operation or reduced-function operation technology based on the time-sharing priority order used in spontaneous power management according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 24D, the system first determines the total power allocated to the system and the total power currently supplied to all nodes. Then determine the relationship between the current total power consumption (TPC) and the current configuration total power (TPL). The technique of Figure 24D can be used in the environment of Figure 23A.

If TPC/TPL is usually less than 0.8, power is supplied to other nodes one by one on a time-sharing priority basis, and the node with the longest usage period is usually cut off first. If TPC/TPL is usually greater than 0.95, the power supply to individual nodes will be cut off one by one on the basis of priority.

If TPC/TPL is usually equal to or greater than 0.8, but usually less than or equal to 0.95, query whether there are new nodes that require additional power. If there is, and a node with a lower priority has received power for a long time and exceeds a predetermined minimum time according to perception, and it is currently receiving power, the power supply of the node with a lower priority is reduced, and Provide extra power to nodes with higher priority.

According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system included in the enhanced structured cable system can generate, transmit and distribute power to various elements of the network on the basic equipment of a data communication network in a building, campus or enterprise. Strengthening the power distribution and data communication on a single network can simplify and reduce the cost of network component installation, and provide a device that can supply uninterrupted or backup power to important network devices in the event of a power failure.

The following describes a device and method that can generate, transmit, and manage power on the local area network infrastructure equipment dedicated to digital communications. The effect of the present invention can reduce any possible interference to data communication and maintain compatibility with IEEE 802.3 and other related standards.

Now please refer to Figures 26A and 26B, which show the composition and structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention

200410043473.6 A simplified block diagram of a typical data communication system in operation. In this system, the network device is connected to the network by obtaining power on the same cable. This network is generally represented by the reference number 3060, which includes a WAN and/or local area network hub 3064, the hub and an IP telephone server 3062, other service providers 3061, a local area network power supply management unit 3164, and a local area network The network bridge/router 3066 is coupled. The IP telephone server 3062 can provide telephone services to a number of IP telephones connected to the network 3060. The power supply management unit 3164 on the local area network provides various administrative and power management functions for all devices in the network that have the power supply function on the local area network. The power supply management unit 3164 on the local area network will be described in more detail below.

Electricity is combined with data communication signals in a device called a power/data combiner. The combined power/data signal is transmitted via standard local area network cables, such as category 3, 4, and 5 local area network cables. This type of local area network cable conforms to EIΑ/ΤΙΑ 568A or similar cable standards. It has a split or separation Network devices with data and power functions. The data signal is input to the network port on the device, and the power is input to the power input connector on the device.

In a preferred embodiment, the power/data combiner circuit can be implemented with a stand-alone external power/data combiner unit 3168. Alternatively, the external power/data combiner unit 3168 can be implemented together with a network element such as a hub or switch, and is referred to as an integrated power/data combiner hub/switch 3072, 3090. Similarly, in one embodiment, the power The /data separator circuit can be implemented with a stand-alone external power/data separator unit 3156. Alternatively, the splitter can be incorporated into a network device, such as an IP phone 3102. Regardless of whether the power/data combiner 3168 and the power/data splitter 3156 are external independent units or are implemented by incorporating a network device, their function is akin. The function of the power/data combiner 3168 can superimpose a low-frequency power signal on a high-frequency, low-power data communication signal. The frequency of the low-frequency power signal can range from DC frequency to conventional power station frequency, that is, 50 or 60 Hz. The function of the power/data separator 3156 can separate the low-frequency power signal from the high-frequency, low-power data communication signal.

26A and 26B show a variety of alternative embodiments of the power supply system on the local area network. Not all network components have the power supply function on the local area network. Not all devices have the power supply function on the local area network. The device with the power supply function on the local area network is the power supply machine from the non-local network

200410043473.6 The first-capable device pass-through operation.

Typical network system/component uses applicable to the power supply system on the local area network of the present invention generally include (but are not limited to) any system or component connected to a local area network, more specifically, including IP or local area network telephones, digital cameras Video recorders, Web cameras, video conferencing equipment, wireless local area network products incorporating transmitters and receivers, laptop computers, workstations, and network printers. It also includes security system components, such as alarms and sensors connected to the network; remote smart home components, such as LonWork or CEBus compatible products; and various traditional data network connection equipment, such as hubs, switches, routers, and wiring bridge. Each of the devices listed above can receive their operating power from the local area network infrastructure equipment. However, the number and types of devices that can receive power from the local area network are limited by the amount of power that the local area network cable can transmit based on safety and cost factors.

The systems and subsystems included in the power supply system on the local area network can be integrated at any network level (from the network element/device level to the network hub and hub switcher level). The power supply system on the local area network can be added to a conventional local area network device, or incorporated into their own network elements, such as hubs, switches, routers, junction bridges, switchers, etc.

Some devices receive power supplied from the AC main power outlet, and some receive power on the local area network cable infrastructure. The local area network bridge/router 3066 receives AC main power via an electric plug 3068. Similarly, the integrated power/data combiner hub/switch 3072 and the conventional local area network hub/switches 3106, 3128 receive AC mains power via electrical plugs 3074, 3108, and 3130, respectively. The external power/data combiner unit 3168 receives power from the UPS 3171, and the UPS 3171 is in turn connected to the AC main power supply via an electric plug 3170. The integrated power/data combiner hub/switch 3090 receives power on the local area network cable via the cable 3088.

The integrated power/data combiner hub/switch 3072 is connected to a local area network bridge/router 3066 via a cable 3070 dedicated to data transmission. The network devices connected to the hub/switch 3072 include IP telephones 3076 and 3080. The IP telephone 3076 is connected by a power/data combined cable 3086, and a power/data separator is incorporated in the telephone. The IP telephone 3080 is connected to an external power/data separator 3078 via separate data cables 3082 and power cables 3084_oThe power/data separator 3078 is connected to the hub/switch 3072 via a cable 3077 that can transmit power and data._ο

200410043473.6 The devices coupled to the integrated power/data combiner hub/switch 3090 include a portable computer 3096 and an IP phone 3102. The portable computer 3096 is connected to an external power/data separator 3094 via a cable 3100 dedicated to data transmission and a power cable 3098. The power/data separator 3094 is connected to the hub/switcher 3090 via a cable 3092 capable of transmitting power and data. The IP phone 3102 is connected by a cable 3104 capable of transmitting power and data and incorporates a power/data separator in the phone. Please note that the hub/switch 3090 includes an internal power/data separator for separating the combined data communication signal and power signal received from the hub/switch 3072.

The traditional local area network hub/switch 3106 is connected to the junction bridge/router 3066 via a cable connection 3134, and is connected to AC power via an electric plug 3108. The network devices connected to the hub/switch 3106 include an IP telephone 3112 and desktop computers 3118 and 3124. The IP telephone is connected to the hub/switch 3106 via a cable 3110 dedicated to data transmission, and is connected to AC power via an electric plug 3114. The desktop computers 3118 and 3124 are respectively connected to the hub/switch 3106 via cables 3116 and 3122 dedicated for data transmission, and are connected to AC power via electrical plugs 3120 and 3126 respectively.

A dedicated data communication cable 3132 connects the junction bridge/router 3066 and the external power/data combiner unit 3168₀ A dedicated data communication cable 3166 connects the power/data combiner unit 3168 with a conventional local area network hub/switch 3128, and the conventional local area network hub/switch 3128 is then connected to AC power via an electric plug 3130. The power/data combiner unit 3168 is connected to a number of network devices, including a network ready-to-use camcorder 3136, IP telephone 3142, 3158, and desktop computer 3150. Each network device connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168 has a corresponding dedicated data communication connection from the power/data combiner unit 3168 to the hub/switch 3128. Under normal operating conditions, the communication signals received on the data cable 3132± are all transparently transmitted to (that is, bridged to) the data cable 3166. However, in the event of a power failure, the conventional local area network hub/switch 3128 is bypassed (bypassed), and the data communication signal is directly sent to the network device connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168.

The network-ready camcorder 3136 is connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168 via a cable 3138 that can transmit data and power. The IP telephone 3142 is connected to an external power/data separator 3140 via a separate data cable 3144 and a power cable 3146. Power/data points

200410043473.6 The first isolator 3140 is connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168 via a power/data combining cable 3148. Similarly, the IP telephone 3158 is connected to an external power/data separator 3156 via a separate data cable 3162 and a power cable 3160. The power/data separator 3156 is connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168 via a power/data combining cable 3154. The desktop computer 3150 is connected to the power/data combiner unit 3168 via a data communication cable 3152, and is connected to AC power via an electric plug 3172.

As mentioned above, the network 3060 can be designed to provide backup power in the event of a power failure. One or more UPS units can be strategically placed in the network 3060 to provide power to important network devices that must be powered in the event of a power failure, such as IP telephones, security devices connected to the network, and wireless transmitters and receivers. Local area network devices, etc. In the network example shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, the UPS unit 3171 is connected to an AC power source via an electric plug 3170 and provides power to the external power/data combiner unit 3168. Alternatively, an additional UPS unit may be placed in the network, and/or UPS 3171 can be designed to supply power to more than one power/data combiner device.

It is important to note that the cost of distributing backup power from a few points in the network via the local area network infrastructure equipment, that is, distributing the power supplied by the uninterrupted power supply, is more economical; if each important network element is connected to its own dedicated UPS, or in general The cost of establishing UPS power distribution cable systems throughout the organization outside the power network is relatively high. In the event of a power failure, UPS supplies power to important network components that require power. The power/data combiner unit can be configured in advance to supply power to the network devices that have the power supply function on the local area network when the power is cut off. This architecture can be executed locally via a management port, or remotely executed via a management unit 3164 connected to a local area network/WAN hub 3064.

It is important to note that the advantage of the system of the present invention is that it can reduce the security conditions and costs of network terminal equipment, because the local area network infrastructure equipment uses low voltage to distribute power. In the case of IP telephones, providing power on the local area network allows the IP telephones to have uninterrupted power supplies, an ordinary analog telephone connected to the PSTN in use today.

The power distributed on the local area network can be transmitted in the form of DC or low-frequency AC voltage. In either case, the transmission of power on the local area network infrastructure does not interfere with the data communication signal. The voltage on the local area network cable is kept below the peak value of 120V and the current is limited to maintain compatibility with safety standards such as UL 60950 and EN 60950.

200410043473.6 Please also note that the power transmitted on the LAN cable can be transmitted using one or more spare pairs in the cable. Ethernet communication requires two pairs (4 wires) to implement. If the cable factory is compatible with EIΑ/ΤΙΑ 568A and includes 4 wire pairs, keep 2 pairs unused. Power can be transmitted using unused one or two pairs of wires. In this case, power splitters and couplers are not necessarily required, and direct injection and extraction can be implemented. Or, if the data cable only includes two wire pairs, use the available one or two pairs of wires (that is, the receiving line and the transmission line) for power distribution.

Please refer to Figure 27, which shows a block diagram of a power/data combiner unit. The power/data combiner unit can place power on the data communication infrastructure. As mentioned above, whether the power/data combiner is implemented as an external stand-alone unit or incorporated into a network element, its functions can be combined with power signals and data communication signals to form a combined power/data signal. The following description uses an external power/data combiner as an example of the description. However, please note that the following description is also applicable to the integral embodiment.

The power/data combiner is summarized by the reference number 3180, which includes a line interface circuit 3181, a filtering and protection circuit 3182, a power supply 3184, and a controller 3186. The line interface circuit 3181 includes a number of input ports 3190 and output ports 3188, and voltage isolation is provided between all input terminals and output terminals. The input port 3190 receives a pure data signal from a hub or switch. The output port 3188 outputs the combined data and power signal to a device connected to it with a power supply function on the local area network, such as a power/data splitter or an integrated network component.

The power/data combiner unit 3180 is connected to a hub or switch of a conventional local area network 10/100/1000 BaseT via the data input port 3190. Please note that although eight data input ports are shown in the figure, the power/data combiner can include any number of data input ports, such as 16, 24, 32. The conventional hub or switch and the power/data combiner 3180 do not necessarily have the same number of ports, but are preferably the same. The function of the power/data combiner unit 3180 can inject DC or AC power into each local area network channel.

The power/data combiner unit 3180 can receive power from a general building AC power supply, UPS power, or power from another device with a power supply function on the local area network, and distribute the received power to one or more connected to it Network device. Each output channel may include an Ethernet network channel, and this channel may be dedicated to transmitting data communication signals, or dedicated to transmitting power signals, or to transmit both data communication and power signals at the same time. The circuit included in the power/data combiner unit can be

200410043473.6 Minimize any data communication interference.

The power supply 3184 is connected to an AC power source via a connector or cable 3192. Alternatively, power may be received from another power/data combiner unit. The function of the power supply 3184 can provide the energy required for the operation of the power/data combiner unit 3180 itself, and the total energy required by the network devices connected downstream of the unit 3180 and powered by the remote end. The structure of the power supply 3184 can best support the worst-case energy, that is, the maximum energy when the energy required by one channel is multiplied by the number of channels. Or, assuming that the power consumption of all channels was previously predicted, the structure of the power supply 3184 can only support a relatively small amount of power.

The function of the filtering and protection circuit 3182 allows the high frequency data communication signal to pass through from the input end to the output end without interference. The circuit 3182 prevents the low impedance output of the power supply from causing attenuation of the data communication signal, and prevents the communication signal on one channel from leaking to the other channel via the shared power supply unit 3184, which can also prevent crosstalk. The function of this circuit can also filter out high-frequency pulsation and noise caused by switching the power supply, and provide high output impedance from the power supply for high-frequency use.

Other functions of the filtering and protection circuit 3182 include: limiting the available power of each channel according to a predetermined level, sensing the current of each wire pair, minimum and maximum current threshold reference levels, imbalance or current leakage detection, and connection and The ability to cut off the power of each channel. The minimum and maximum current threshold reference levels can be fixed or controlled by a management unit, depending on the implementation and architecture of the system. One of the important functions of circuit 3182 is that it will cut off a short-circuited or faulty port so that other channels in operation are not affected.

The controller 3186 is properly programmed to manage and control the operation of each component in the power/data combiner 3180, and can provide telemetry to an external management entity. The function of this controller can communicate with management units connected locally or remotely via a network. This controller allows online modification of the power currently distributed to each channel. Other functions include status reports, such as reporting the power consumption of each channel, any channel failures, and any failures in the power/data combiner unit itself.

In the integrated embodiment, the function of the power/data combiner unit is incorporated into a conventional local area network connection hub or switch, such as 10, 100 or 1000BaseT_oThe internal power supply of the hub has been modified to support the higher load and remote feed function of normal hub operation. A line interface circuit is inserted between the output terminal and the internal network circuit of the hub. In addition, filtering and

200410043473.6 The first protection circuit is used to couple the line interface circuit and the power supply. Each standard local area network port is replaced with a data and power combined port. Such an integrated embodiment can reduce overall system cost, reduce required space, and reduce network complexity. However, such an embodiment does need to modify the conventional hub or switch.

Regardless of the external or integral embodiment, the data received by the power/data combiner is transmitted in both directions between the input end of each channel and the output end of the corresponding channel. The amount of output power allocated to each output channel can be set independently. In addition, each output channel has self-protection short-circuit and overload capability.

In addition, regarding the embodiment of the external power/data combiner, two additional local area network ports can be optionally provided. It can be configured as an input LAN port and an output LAN port, so that the two ports can be bridged to each other during normal operation. The conventional hub or switch is fed through the output port of the local area network. The input LAN port is for connecting upstream network devices, such as hubs or switches. In the event of a power failure, the power/data combiner unit cuts off the input and output LAN ports, and directs the data communication from the input LAN port to one or more output channels. Therefore, in case the upstream data hub or switch fails to operate, the continuity of data and power can still be provided.

Now please refer to Figure 28, which shows a block diagram of a power/data separator. This power/data separator can separate power from the data communication infrastructure. As mentioned earlier, the function of the power/data separator can accept a local area network channel at its input, which can transmit power and data simultaneously on the same cable; the power/data separator can divide two signals into one Power signal and a data signal. These two signals are then forwarded to the connected network device. The two output signals can include two separate cable connections, that is, one for data and the other for power supply. The data cable connection functions as a standard local area network data channel dedicated for data communication. The power cable connection can use the power drawn from the combined input to drive the electrical load. The function of the power/data separator can isolate the input voltage from the output voltage. In addition, an AC/DC or DC/DC voltage converter can be used to convert the input voltage into one or more electric frequencies to meet the specific needs of connected network devices.

The power/data separator is generally represented by the reference number 3200, which includes a line interface circuit 3202, a filtering and protection circuit 3206, a power converter 3208, and a controller

200410043473.6 No.

3204. The splitter 3200 is usually connected between the wall socket of the local area network and the network device. In terms of its function, the power/data separator 3200 can block high-frequency signals from penetrating to the power output terminal by providing a high impedance for high frequencies, allowing low-frequency and DC power signals to penetrate, and blocking high-frequency noise Conduction from the input of the power converter to the data channel.

The line interface circuit 3202 includes a data plus power input port 3210 and a data communication dedicated output port 3212. The drawn power is output through the power output port 3214. The line interface circuit 3202 receives signals from a local area network channel and provides high-pass filtering to allow data communication signals to be transmitted from the data plus power input port 3210 to the data dedicated output port 3212 without interference in both directions₀ The filtering and protection circuit 3206 provides low-pass filtering from the data plus power input port 3210 to the input terminal of the power converter 3208. The power converter 3208 receives the voltage derived from the local area network channel, and can function to convert the derived voltage into one or more output voltages. The power converter 3208 may include an AC/DC or a DC/DC voltage converter, depending on the voltage drawn from the local area network channel. The power converter can generate any number of voltages according to the specific requirements of the network devices connected to the power/data separator 3200.

The controller 3204 is properly programmed to manage and control the operation of each component in the power/data separator 3200, and provide a telemetry function to an external management entity. The function of this controller can communicate with management units connected locally or remotely via a network. Other optional functions include: status reports, such as reporting the power consumption of each channel, any channel failures, and any failures in the power/data separator itself.

In an integrated embodiment, the function of the power/data splitter unit is incorporated into a conventional network device, such as an IP or local area network telephone, a portable or desktop computer. The standard LAN port and power port are replaced by a data plus power combined port. A line interface circuit is inserted between the input port and the internal network data and power input port. In addition, filtering and protection circuits are added to couple the line interface circuit and the power supply. Such an integrated embodiment can reduce overall system cost, reduce required space, and reduce network complexity. However, such an embodiment requires modification of conventional network devices.

Assuming that each network port and node consumes the maximum configured output power at the same time, in terms of complexity and cost, it is inefficient to construct a power transmission and distribution network. In addition, this kind of power grid

200410043473.6 The first network may create a power bottleneck on the data network, and will force the use of special cables that do not conform to the standard of general local area network equipment. In addition, the equipment used to implement this type of power network is likely to exceed the thermal and power specifications of the standard network architecture equipment box, resulting in the inability to accommodate such equipment. (The standard network architecture equipment box is designed to house stackable hubs, switches, routers, and various network management units.) Therefore, the power supply system on the local area network of the present invention can use instructions when constructing a power network (1) During normal network operation, and (2) The statistical pattern of expected power consumption during emergency operation when the building is out of power.

The software included in the management unit 3164 (FIG. 26A) can be executed on any personal computer or server connected to the network. The function of this management unit can transmit telemetry and control information to various power supply components on the local area network, such as power/data combiners and splitters distributed throughout the network. The data communication network itself can transmit data messages between devices and management units with power supply functions on the local area network. The management unit provides monitoring and power supply functions. The power supply function allocates the available power resources to the managed network data services in an analogous way, and can be used to construct the power path from the source to the gully across the network.

The network administrator can decide which system method to use to deal with the network ports that show no load, overload, or leakage to the surface. The power supplied to the failed port can be temporarily cut off or limited to an acceptable value. The power suspension status can be automatically restored according to the port conditions or manually executed. Each port can be individually structured according to the system configuration structure.

Please note that each power/data combiner can be constructed for independent management or managed through external control. Each power/data combiner may include a dedicated local area network data connection or may include serial/parallel communication with a network host computer system, and the network host computer system transmits telemetry and control data to the network local area network.

In the event of a building power failure, certain network devices and nodes, such as hubs, routers, bridges, switches, etc., may need to be bypassed to maintain data and power continuity between important network nodes, terminals and devices. In most cases, the power supplied by a single large-scale local area network channel should be sufficient to operate most network devices. However, such a local area network channel may not be sufficient to operate a normal network hub/switch and all network devices connected to it at the same time. In addition, unless the local area network device receives power and data communication at the same time, it usually has no

200410043473.6 No. used. The function of the power supply system on the local area network of the present invention can maintain the power and data communication flow when the power is off. During a power outage of a building, its local area network node units, that is, hubs, switches, etc., and its network devices will switch to a reduced power operation mode. When a device is in the reduced power operation mode, its data processing bandwidth and/or processing activities will be reduced, only a few ports will be kept active, and the remaining ports will be temporarily closed in order to reduce its total power consumption. Therefore, a battery-based UPS can be used to support most important network components for a longer period of time.

Those familiar with such technologies can understand that the present invention is not limited by the content specifically shown and described above. On the contrary, the scope of the present invention includes the combination and sub-combination of the above-mentioned various features, and may include various modifications and changes that are conceivable by those familiar with this type of technology that are not in the prior art.

200410043473. 6