Grounding rod for sacrificial appendage

CA 02867397 2016-05-12

GROUNDING ROD FOR SACRIFICIAL APPENDAGE

[001]

Field of the Invention

[002] In general, the present invention relates to a grounding rod for a sacrificial appendage of an electrical cable connector, such as a splicing connector for joining two or more electrical cables. More particularly, aspects described herein relate to an electrical cable connector that includes a feature for enabling personnel to ensure that the connector is de-energized and which can be removed and replaced with a ground rod to which a grounding device can be connected to ground the system.

Background

[003] Medium and high voltage electrical connectors and components typically operate in the to 35 kilovolt (kV) range. Because such voltages are potentially very dangerous, it is typically necessary for personnel to confirm that power is disconnected before commencing work or repair. Know methods of visual or physical de-energizing confirmation include “spiking the cable,” in which a grounded spike is driven through the cable and into the conductor or a grounded hydraulic cable cutter is used to physically cut the cable in half. Unfortunately, after a cable is “spiked,” the utility is required to replace the cable or increase its length by adding a

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 splice and additional cable in order to reconnect to the system. This is costly and time consuming. Additionally, once it is confirmed that the system has been de-energized, it must be connected to system ground in order to be safely serviced. In currently used splicing connectors, one leg of the spliced connection must first be disconnected, and then a grounding device, such as a ground clamp, can be attached in order to connect the splice to system ground. Because this requires partially disassembling the splice, it is a time consuming practice.

Summary of the Invention

[004] The present invention provides a grounding rod for a sacrificial appendage of medium and high voltage electrical cable connectors, such as “I”, “Y” and Ή” splicing connectors. The sacrificial appendage is cut to confirm that the system has been de-energized, and then a cap of the appendage is removed and replaced with a grounding rod to which a grounding device is attached so that the splicing connector and any attached cables can be connected to system ground.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[005] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side elevation view of a completely assembled splicing cable connector with a sacrificial appendage of the present invention.

[006] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation view of a sacrificial cap of the present invention. [007] FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of a sacrificial cap of the present invention.

[008] FIG. 4 is a side elevation view of a splicing cable connector with a cut-through sacrificial appendage of the present invention.

CA 02867397 2014-10-15

[009] FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a splicing cable connector with a removed cut-through sacrificial appendage of the present invention.

[0101 FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of a ground rod of the present invention.

[Oil] FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of a ground rod with a molded cap of the present invention.

[012] FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of a ground rod being installed on a sacrificial appendage connection portion and connected to system ground of the present invention.

[013] FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of a ground rod with a molded cap being installed on a sacrificial appendage connection portion and connected to system ground of the present invention.

[014] FIG. 10 is a side elevation view of a new, intact sacrificial appendage being installed on a sacrificial appendage connection portion of the present invention.

[015] FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of a new, intact sacrificial appendage which has been installed on a sacrificial appendage connection portion of the present invention.

[016] FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a sequence of events to properly use a sacrificial appendage of the present invention.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment(s)

[017] The above and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will now be discussed in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and appended claims, which are to be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which identical reference characters designate like elements throughout the views.

CA 02867397 2014-10-15

[018] Shown in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a power cable splicing connector 100 configured in a manner consistent with the implementations described herein. As shown in FIG. 1, power cable splicing connector 100 may include a four-way yoke 102 for enabling connection of power cables 104-1, 104-2, 104-3 and 104-4 (collectively “power cables 104,” and individually “power cable 104-x”). For example, power cable 104-1 may be a supply cable and cables 104-2 to 104-4 may be load cables. Other types of power cable splicing connectors may be configured in accordance with implementations described herein, such as three-way yoke connectors, two-way yoke connectors, etc.

[0191 In one implementation, yoke 102 of power cable splicing connector 100 may include a central conductor 106 and a number of splice openings 108-1 to 108-4 (collectively “splice openings 108,” and individually “splice opening 108-x”). Central conductor 106 may be formed of a suitably conductive material, such as copper, aluminum or other conductive alloy. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, central conductor 106 may include outwardly extending portions 110-1 to 110-4 (collectively “outwardly extending portions 110,” and individually “outwardly extending portion 110-x”) that project from respective splice openings 108-x. As described in additional detail below, central conductor 106 may connect each of power cables 104-x to each other power cable 104-x, such that voltage applied to one cable is transferred to each other cable.

[020] Outwardly extending portions 110 may be configured to receive connector portions of power cables 104. For example, each extending portion 110-x may include a spade portion 111 having a threaded bore 112 therein for receiving a connector bolt 114. In one configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 1, outwardly extending portion 110-1 extends oppositely from outwardly extending portion 110-2 and outwardly extending portion 110-3 extends oppositely from outwardly extending portion 110-4. Furthermore, outwardly extending portions 110-1 and 110-2

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 may be oriented parallel to outwardly extending portions 110-3 and 110-4, respectively. Such a configuration may provide for compact splicing or splitting of a power supply cable (e.g., cable 104-1) to multiple load cables (e.g., cables 104-2 to 104-4).

[021| As shown in FIG. 1, each splice opening 108-x includes a cable receptacle interface that includes a substantially cylindrical flange or cuff portion configured to frictionally engage a cable receptacle 116-x (individually, cable receptacle 116-x, or collectively, cable receptacles 116). For example, an inside diameter of a forward end of cable receptacle 116-x may be sized to frictionally engage the cuff portion of splice opening 108-x. Each cable receptacle 116-x may be substantially cylindrical and may be configured to surround and protect an interface between power cables 104 and extending portions 110.

[022J Yoke 102 may include an outer shield 120 formed from, for example, a peroxide-cured synthetic rubber, commonly referred to as EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer). Within shield 120, yoke 102 may included an insulative inner housing 122, typically molded from an insulative rubber or epoxy material. Central conductor 106 may be enclosed within insulative inner housing 122.

[023] Regarding cable receptacles 116, each cable receptacle 116-x may include an EPDM outer shield 124 and an insulative inner housing 126, typically molded from an insulative rubber or epoxy material. Cable receptacle 116-x further includes a conductive or semi-conductive insert 128 having a bore there through. Upon assembly, cable receptacle 116-x surrounds the interface between power cable 104-x and outwardly extending portion 110-x. In one implementation, a forward end of insert 128 may be configured to frictionally engage outwardly extending portion 110-x of central conductor 106 upon assembly of splicing connector 100, thereby ensuring the electrical integrity of splicing connector 100.

CA 02867397 2014-10-15

[024] Referring to power cables 104, a forward end of each power cable 104-x may be prepared by connecting power cable 104-x to a crimp connector 130. Crimp connector 130 may include a substantially cylindrical assembly configured to receive a cable conductor 132 of power cable 104-x therein. During preparing of power cable 104-x, a portion of crimp connector 130 may be physically deformed (e.g., crimped) to fasten crimp connector 130 to cable conductor 132.

Crimp connector portion 130 may include a forward spade portion 134 configured to be securely fastened to the spade portion 111 of outwardly extending portion 110-x of central conductor 106. For example, forward spade portion 134 may include a bore (not shown) configured to align with bore 112 in spade portion 111. Connector bolt 114 may be inserted through the bore and into threaded bore 112 during assembly of splice connector 100.

[025] As shown in FIG. 1, each of the prepared power cables 104 may further include an adapter 138 disposed rearwardly relative to crimp connector 130. Adapter 138 may be affixed to power cable 104-x and may provide a frictional engagement with a rearward portion of cable receptacle 116-x. In one implementation, adapter 138 may be formed of an insulative material, such as rubber or epoxy.

[026] Consistent with implementations described herein, yoke 102 may include a sacrificial appendage 148 projecting there-from. In one implementation, sacrificial appendage 148 may project substantially perpendicularly from outwardly extending portions 110, so as to be relatively free of encumbrances. When it is necessary for work to be performed on any of power cables 104 (or devices connected to power cables 104), a worker may cut through sacrificial appendage 148 (e.g., with a hydraulic cable cutter, or similar tool) to ensure that the electrical system that the splicing connector 100 is connected to has been properly de-energized and is, therefore, safe to work on. Once the sacrificial appendage 148 has been cut, and a portion (to be 6

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 described in detail below) has been removed, a sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 is then exposed projecting outwardly from yoke 102 (see FIG. 5). In one implementation, sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 may be integrally formed with inner housing 122 and may include a contact 154 provided therein. Contact 154 may extend into a corresponding portion of central conductor 106, such as via a threaded bore provided in central conductor 106. Contact 154 may include a female thread 155 at an outer end thereof for receiving a sacrificial cap 156 and for receiving a ground rod 151 for grounding the system, to be described below.

[027] As shown in FIG. 1, sacrificial cap 156 may include an EPDM outer shield 158 and an insulative inner housing 160, typically molded from an insulative rubber or epoxy material. Sacrificial cap 156 may further include a sacrificial conductor 162 received within a rearward portion of inner housing 160. Furthermore, a forward portion of sacrificial cap 156 may include a cavity 164 therein, shown in FIG. 2, for engaging a projecting portion of sacrificial appendage connection portion 152.

[028] A forward portion of outer shield 158 and inner housing 160 may be configured to surround and protect an interface between sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 and sacrificial conductor 162. In one implementation, a forward end of outer shield 158 and inner housing 160 may be configured to frictionally engage a stepped or notched outer configuration of sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 upon assembly of splicing connector 100, thereby ensuring the electrical integrity of splicing connector 100.

[029] Consistent with implementations described herein, sacrificial conductor 162 may include a conductive threaded male protrusion 166 extending axially there-from. As described above, the projecting portion of contact 154 of sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 may include threaded female cavity 155. Male protrusion 166 may correspond to threaded female

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 portion 155 in contact 154 to couple contact 154 to sacrificial conductor 162, thereby conductively connecting sacrificial conductor 162 to central conductor 106 of yoke 102. In other implementations, the male/female relationship may be reversed.

[030] In one implementation, a cut-through region 168 may be provided in an outer portion of sacrificial cap 156 in a region overlying at least a portion of sacrificial conductor 162, as shown in FIG. 2. In some implementations, indicia 169 relating to cut-through region 168 may be provided on a surface of outer shield 158, shown in FIG. 3, for indicating that a user is to cut through sacrificial cap 156 at cut-through region 168.

[031] When it is necessary for work to be performed on any of power cables 104 (or devices connected to power cables 104), a worker may cut through sacrificial cap 156 at cut-through region 168 (e.g., with a grounded hydraulic cable cutter, or similar tool) to ensure that the electrical system that splicing connector 100 is connected to has been properly de-energized, and is, therefore, safe to work on. When it is time to re-energize splicing connector 100, the cutthrough sacrificial cap 156 may be discarded and a new or replacement sacrificial cap 156 may be installed, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.

[032] After the sacrificial cap 156 has been cut at the cut-through region 168, shown in FIG. 4, to ensure that the system has been properly de-energized, a worker must then connect the system to system ground in order for the splicing connector 100 to be safely serviced. Rather than disassembling a leg of the splicing connector 100, as is the current method to connect the system to system ground, the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 and its corresponding threaded female cavity 155 can accept a ground rod 151 (once the cut-through sacrificial cap 156 has been removed, as shown in FIG. 5) as a convenient way of grounding the system without having to disassemble the splicing connector 100 and having to connect a grounding device to 8

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 one of the legs of the splicing connector. The ground rod 151, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, may or may not have an EPDM molded cap 149 on its end which connects to sacrificial appendage connection portion 152. If a ground rod 151 is used which has the molded cap 149, then the cap 149 covers the interface between the ground rod 151 and the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152. Regardless of whether the ground rod 151 has the molded cap 149 or not, the ground rod 151 is comprised of a threaded male protrusion 153 on its end which connects to sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, which thereby corresponds to the threaded female cavity 155 as described above. Because the threaded female cavity 155 is part of the contact 154 which extends into a corresponding portion of central conductor 106, as shown in FIG. 1, this allows for the ground rod 151 to be mechanically and conductively coupled to the splicing connector 100 when the ground rod is attached to the connection portion 152. Once the ground rod 151 is securely attached to the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, a worker may connect a grounding device, such as a grounding clamp, to ground rod 151 to ensure that the splicing connector 100 is properly connected to system ground so that it may be safely serviced. [033] Shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are two types of grounding devices which can be attached to ground rod 151 in order to connect splicing connector 100 and any attached cables to system ground. FIG. 8 shows the ground rod 151 without the molded cap 149 and FIG. 9 shows the ground rod with the molded cap 149, as previously described. Both figures show a bar type grounding clamp 172 and a ball type grounding clamp 170. The ball type grounding clamp 170 attaches to a ball end 157 of ground rod 151. The bar type grounding clamp 172 attaches to a middle portion 159 of ground rod 151. Either type of grounding clamp 170 or 172 may be used to achieve the purpose of connecting the splicing connector 100 to system ground. It is assumed that before the ground rod 151 was installed in the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, 9

CA 02867397 2014-10-15 the entire system was de-energized, which was confirmed by cutting through the sacrificial appendage cut-through region 168, as shown in FIG. 4 and described above, so that a worker could safely service the splicing connector 100. In both implementations shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the grounding clamp 170 or 172 is connected to system ground in order to ground splicing connector 100 and any attached cables once the ground clamp 170 or 172 is attached to ground rod 151. Though ground clamps 170 and 172 are the only two grounding devices shown, it is understood that other types of grounding devices may be available to attach to ground rod 151 in order to achieve the purpose of connecting splicing connector 100 to system ground.

[034] After a worker is finished servicing the grounded splicing connector 100 and any attached cables, they may then remove the ground clamp 170 or 172 from the ground rod 151. The ground rod 151 may then be removed from the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 by unscrewing the threaded male protrusion 153 from the threaded female cavity 155, and a new and intact sacrificial cap 156 may be installed on sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, connecting to sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 as described above. The placement of a new, intact sacrificial cap 156 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Once the new, intact sacrificial cap 156 is securely installed, the system may be safely energized once again. The above described invention allows for a quick and convenient manner of detecting whether or not a system has been de-energized and a way to safely and conveniently ground that same system. [035] Lastly, shown in FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a sequence of events to properly use the sacrificial appendage 148 and ground rod 151 of the splicing connector 100 described above.

The flowchart illustrates the following steps; providing the splicing connector 100 which is comprised of a sacrificial appendage connection portion 152 for a sacrificial appendage 148 that is conductively connected to the splicing connector 100, confirming that the splicing connector 10

CA 02867397 2016-05-12

100 and any equipment conductively coupled to the connector 100 is de-energized by cutting through the cut-through region 168 of the sacrificial appendage 148, removing the cut-through sacrificial appendage 148, replacing the cut-through sacrificial appendage 148 with a ground rod 151 which is releasably retained within the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, connecting a grounding clamp 170 or 172 which is connected to system ground to the ground rod 151, performing service on the splicing connector 100 or on equipment conductively coupled to the splicing connector 100, disconnecting the grounding clamp 170 or 172 from the ground rod 151, removing the ground rod 151 from the sacrificial appendage connection portion 152, replacing the ground rod 151 with a new, intact sacrificial appendage 148 and re-energizing the splicing connector 100 and any equipment conductively coupled to the connector 100.

[036] Although the invention has been described in detail above, it is expressly understood that it will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that the invention may be modified. Various changes of form, design, or arrangement may be made to the invention. Therefore, the above mentioned description is to be considered exemplary, rather than limiting, and the true scope of the invention is that defined in the following claims. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.