Faucet handle with angled interface

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FAUCET HANDLE WITH ANGLED INTERFACE

Background and Summary of the Invention

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to faucets. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to faucets having a handle that rotates about an angled interface to adjust a water parameter.

[0002] Conventional faucets have traditionally included handles or levers to transfer mechanical motion to a mixing valve or to on/off valves for controlling water activation, flow rate, and/or temperature. Such mechanical coupling has limited the types of motion available for such faucet handles or levers.

[0003] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a faucet assembly includes a faucet body having a liquid pathway therein. A selector attachment base includes a longitudinal base axis and defines a selector movement plane. A selector is coupled to the selector attachment base, the selector having a longitudinal selector axis and supported for movement between a plurality of configurations to control a parameter of liquid through the liquid pathway of the faucet body. Movement of the selector between the plurality of configurations is achieved via rotation about a rotational axis that is perpendicular to the selector movement plane. The longitudinal selector axis is oriented at a first angle relative to the rotational axis, and the longitudinal selector axis is oriented at a second angle relative to the longitudinal base axis. The first angle is substantially constant and the second angle varies as the selector moves between the plurality of configurations.

[0004] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a faucet assembly includes a spout assembly having a hub defining a vertical axis, a liquid pathway extending within the hub, and a handle attachment base extending perpendicular to the hub and defining a horizontal axis, the handle attachment base including an end having a first mounting surface. The faucet assembly further includes a temperature control handle operably coupled to the handle attachment base for rotation from a first position defining a first temperature setting and a second position defining a second temperature setting, the temperature control handle including an end having a second mounting surface. The first mounting surface and the second mounting surface define a handle movement plane angularly oriented intermediate the vertical axis of the hub of the spout assembly and the horizontal axis of the handle attachment base of the spout assembly.

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-2[0005] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a faucet assembly is provided including a spout assembly including a handle attachment portion having a longitudinal axis, the spout assembly having handle coupled to the handle attachment portion, the handle having a longitudinal axis, the handle having a first position in which the longitudinal axis of the handle attachment portion is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the handle, the handle having a second position in which the longitudinal axis of the handle attachment portion is colinear with the longitudinal axis of the handle.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a faucet includes a handle attachment base having a longitudinal base axis, and a handle coupled to the handle attachment base. The handle has a longitudinal handle axis and is supported for rotation about a rotational axis. The rotational axis is angularly offset from the longitudinal base axis and the longitudinal handle axis, such the angular position of the longitudinal handle axis relative to the longitudinal base axis varies as the handle is rotated about the rotational axis.

[0007] Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the presently perceived best mode of carrying out the disclosure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0008] The detailed description of the drawings particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:

[0009] Fig. 1 a is a perspective view of an illustrative faucet of the present disclosure, showing a control handle in a first or off position;

[0010] Fig. lb is a perspective view similar to Fig. la, showing the control handle in a second or intermediate temperature position;

[0011] Fig. lc is a perspective view similar to Fig. lb, showing the control handle in a third or hot temperature position;

[0012] Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the faucet of Fig. 1;

[0013] Fig. 3a is a detailed perspective view showing the relative positions of the handle axis, the base axis, and the rotational axis, with the handle in the first position of Fig. la;

[0014] Fig. 3b is a detailed perspective view similar to Fig. 3a, with the handle in the second position of Fig. lb;

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-3 [0015] Fig. 3c is a detailed perspective view similar to Fig. 3b, with the handle in the third position of Fig. lc;

[0016] Fig. 4 is a partially exploded perspective view of the faucet of Fig. 1, with a partial cut-away of the delivery spout to show the water conduit extending therethrough;

[0017] Fig. 5a is a perspective view of an illustrative temperature circuit assembly;

[0018] Fig. 5b is an exploded perspective view of the temperature circuit assembly of

Fig. 5a;

[0019] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the faucet hub of Fig. 2, showing an illustrative temperature circuit assembly and handle interface;

[0020] Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the faucet hub of Fig. 6, showing the illustrative temperature circuit assembly and handle interface;

[0021] Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the illustrative handle interface of

Fig. 6;

[0022] Fig. 9a is a perspective view of an illustrative faucet of the present disclosure including a pair of control handles, showing each of the control handles in a first or off position; [0023] Fig. 9b is a perspective view similar to Fig. 9a, showing each of the control handles in a second or intermediate flow position; and

[0024] Fig. 9c is a perspective view similar to Fig. 9b, showing each of the control handles in a third or full flow position.

Detailed Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figs, la-lc show a spout assembly 12 of an electronic faucet 10 of the present disclosure. In certain illustrative embodiments, the electronic faucet 10 comprises a touch faucet. In the following description, the term touch faucet is meant to indicate that flow through the faucet 10 is activated by a user touching an outer surface of the faucet 10. The user's touch may be detected by a capacitive sensor. In other illustrative embodiments, the electronic faucet 10 may be activated by other user interfaces, for example, through infrared (IR) sensors or a manual handle. In addition to spout assembly 12, faucet 10 includes other pieces, both seen and unseen by a user and both above and below a mounting surface 11, such as a sink deck.

[0026] Fig. 2 shows an illustrative electronic faucet 10 and its components. Spout assembly 12 illustratively includes faucet body or delivery spout 14, selector or handle 16, water

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-4parameter control circuit assembly 18, water conduit 20, mounting shank 22, base spacer 24, and gasket 26. Faucet 10 further illustratively includes mounting bracket 78, spacer 80, nut 82, and electronic flow controller 84.

[0027] Figs. 3a-3c show additional details of the faucet 10 with handle 16 in the various angular positions or configurations of Figs, la-lc, respectively. More particularly, Figs, la and 3 a illustrate the faucet 10 in an off mode or setting with the handle 16 in a first angular position or configuration. Figs, lb and 3b illustrate the faucet 10 in a mixed temperature mode or setting, with the handle 16 in a second or intermediate angular position or configuration. Figs, lc and 3c illustrate the faucet 10 in a full hot temperature mode or setting, with the handle 16 in a third or fully rotated angular position or configuration.

[0028] Illustrative delivery spout 14 includes body or hub 27, base 28, water temperature indicator window 29, handle attachment base 30, and upper extension 32. Hub 27 is illustratively hollow and constructed from an electrically conductive metal or other electrically conductive material (e.g., a polymer including an electrically conductive filler). Hub 27 may telescope into upper extension 32 as shown in Fig. 6. Upper extension 32 forms a familiar curved faucet shape. Base 28 is sized, shaped, and located to engage mounting surface 11. However, in certain installations, such as those where mounting surface 11 is constructed from metal, base spacer 24 is employed to prevent direct contact of delivery spout 14 with mounting surface 11 for electrical isolation as further discussed herein. Base 28 defines a plane along its lower edge. When assembled to mounting surface 11, the base plane lies along the top of mounting surface 11.

[0029] Water temperature indicator window 29 is a translucent member constructed from glass, thermoplastic, or other material. Water temperature indicator window 29 is disposed in delivery spout 14 on a side thereof that is most often expected to be facing the user (in the same direction as the curve of upper extension 32).

[0030] In the illustrative embodiment of Figs. 1-8, handle attachment base 30 generally extends horizontally to the right (as viewed from the front) from hub 27. Handle attachment base 30 has a longitudinal base axis 39 that is illustratively perpendicular to a longitudinal axis 31 of the hub 27, from which handle attachment base 30 extends (Figs. 6 and 7). The end of handle attachment base 30 farthest from hub 27 presents a handle interface surface 34, supporting handle 16 for rotation about rotational axis 35. Illustratively, rotational axis 35

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-5 extends perpendicularly to handle interface surface 34. Handle interface surface 34 faces upwardly from longitudinal base axis 39 at an angle, illustratively forty-five degrees, such that the lower side of the handle attachment base 30 extends farther away from hub 27 than the upper side of handle attachment base 30. Handle attachment base 30 includes an attachment bore 36 disposed therein. Attachment bore 36 is at least partially threaded and extends perpendicularly to handle interface surface 34 along rotational axis 35.

[0031] With further reference to Figs. 6-8, handle attachment base 30 further includes axle bore 38 defined therein that extends from handle interface surface 34 to within hub 27. Axle bore 38 illustratively extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 39 of handle attachment base 30 but is vertically offset therefrom. Handle attachment base 30 further includes teeth clearance bore 41 proximate the intersection of axle bore 38 and attachment bore 36. Clearance bore 41 extends in an arc (e.g., forming a semi-circle) about attachment bore 36 for providing space to allow teeth 76 of handle 16, discussed below, to be received therein.

[0032] Axle 44 extends within axle bore 38. Axle 44 includes a distal end 46 that includes a plurality of teeth 47 disposed radially thereon. A sealing o-ring 49 is illustratively supported at distal end 46 of axle 44. Axle 44 further includes proximal end 48 that presents interface surfaces, illustratively notches 50, designed and shaped to interface with and seat within gear hub 52 such that relative rotation of axle 44 to gear hub 52 is not permitted (i.e., rotatably couples axle 44 with gear hub 52)(Figs. 5a and 5b).

[0033] Passage bore 40 extends throughout delivery spout 14, including hub 27, upper extension 32, and base 28. Passage bore 40 thereby provides a passageway that extends from the lower end of base 28 to an open or outlet end 42 of upper extension 32. At the lower end of base 28, passage bore 40 presents a threaded portion 54.

[0034] With reference to Figs. 4 and 8, handle 16 includes trim piece or cover 56, handle body 58, bushing 60, o-ring 62, and bolt 64. Trim piece 56 illustratively has an outer diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of handle attachment base 30. Trim piece 56 is largely hollow and presents bore 66 therein sized to snuggly (e.g., through a friction fit) receive handle body 58 therein. Trim piece 56 is illustratively constructed from a conductive material, such as a metal. Handle body 58 is comprised of a main body 68 and an extension portion 70. Main body 68 is sized (length and diameter) to be received within bore 66. Extension portion 70 is disposed at a proximal end of handle body 58 and is designed to extend out of trim piece 56 to prevent

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-6direct contact of trim piece 56 and handle attachment base 30. Both trim piece 56 and handle body 58 present an angled base interface surface 71, illustratively at forty-five degrees, relative to a longitudinal axis 72 of handle 16. A selector movement plane 73 is defined intermediate the handle interface surface 34 and the base interface surface 71 and extends parallel thereto. Proximal end of extension portion 70 includes a plurality of teeth 76 disposed in an arc and sized, shaped, and located to interface with teeth 47 of axle 44.

[0035] Proximal end of main body 68 and extension portion 70 includes an attachment bore 74 therein. Attachment bore 74 is sized to receive bushing 60 and o-ring 62 therein. Bolt 64 is further received within an inner bore of bushing 60 as shown in Figs. 6-8. Bolt 64 further extends into attachment bore 36 to threadably secure handle 16 to handle attachment base 30. Once so attached, teeth 76 are positioned to interface with teeth 47 of axle 44. Furthermore, once so attached, handle 16 is able to freely rotate about bushing 60 and against handle attachment base 30. Such rotation causes teeth 76 to induce rotation in axle 44. A stop pin 77 is illustratively coupled to extension portion 70 to rotate with handle 16 (Fig. 8). By engaging limit surfaces 79a and 79b, stop pin 77 limits rotational travel of handle 16 (e.g., to 180 degrees). [0036] Water parameter control circuit assembly 18 illustratively comprises a temperature/flow circuit assembly and is further illustrated in Figs. 5a and 5b. Water parameter control circuit assembly 18 illustratively includes a sleeve or support sheath 86, a circuit board 88, a first gear 90, and a second gear 92. Support sheath 86 is substantially cylindrical, having an outer diameter sized to fit within passage bore 40 of hub 27. Support sheath 86 also includes an inner passage 87 that permits tube 124 of water conduit 20 to pass therethrough. Support sheath 86 further includes a recessed side that provides a mounting surface for circuit board 88, first gear 90, and second gear 92. More specifically, support sheath 86 provides a first hub 96 upon which first gear 90 rotatably mounts, a second hub 98 upon which second gear 92 rotatably mounts, calibration hub 99, and circuit board clips 100 that retain circuit board 88 thereto. While circuit board 88 is illustratively mounted to support sheath 86 via clips 100, other conventional fasteners may be substituted therefor.

[0037] Circuit board 88 illustratively includes a light emitting diode (LED) 102, a clip

104, a pin interface 106, and a potentiometer 108. LED 102 may comprise a pair of LED's (e.g., a red LED and a blue LED), that are electrically coupled to circuit board 88 and configured to selectively emit red, blue, and various combinations of red and blue (purples, violets, etc..) to

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-7indicate the temperature of water being delivered by faucet 10. LED 102 is illustratively aligned behind water temperature indicator window 29. Clip 104 is illustratively conductive and spring biased. In the illustrative embodiment, clip 104 is doubled over to have a spring-like section that, when placed within passage bore 40, will engage the inner surface of hub 27 to provide electrical coupling therebetween.

[0038] Pin interface 106 is shown as an eight pin interface. One pin is electrically coupled to LED 102 to transmit power to the red LED 102. A second pin is electrically coupled to LED 102 to transmit power to the blue LED 102. A third pin is coupled to circuit board 88 to transmit an I²C Clock signal. A fourth pin is coupled to circuit board 88 to transmit 3.3V power. A fifth pin provides ground to circuit board 88. A sixth pin is coupled to potentiometer 108 and transmits I²C data thereon. A seventh pin provides a 1.8V dial reference voltage for potentiometer 108. An eighth pin is coupled to clip 104 and various other sensing circuitry, such as a capacitive sensor for transmitting an indication that a user has touched delivery spout 14. Pin interface 106 receives a header of a pin wire 110 (Fig. 2) coupled to electronic flow controller 84.

[0039] With reference to Fig. 5b, potentiometer 108 is electrically coupled to circuit board 88 and contains a rotatable keyway 111 centrally located therein. Keyway 111 is sized and shaped to receive a keyed post 112 of second gear 92. Rotation of keyed post 112 causes rotation of rotatable keyway 111 to alter the resistance presented by potentiometer 108 to circuit board 88.

[0040] First gear 90 is generally circular with gear hub 52 located centrally thereon and including radially outwardly extending teeth 113. Gear hub 52 defines a central bore 114 therethrough. As most easily seen in Figs. 5a and 5b, gear hub 52 includes retaining fingers 115, illustratively presenting a sinusoidal surface, to interface with interface surfaces or notches 50 of axle 44. Accordingly, when proximal end of axle 44 is received in central bore 114, axle 44 and first gear 90 are rotatably coupled. Central bore 114 further receives first hub 96 such that first gear 90 is rotatably supported by support sheath 86. When mounted on first hub 96, and circuit board 88 is mounted on support sheath 86, first gear 90 is secured to water parameter control circuit assembly 18. Furthermore, when secured, gear hub 52 extends through a hole 117 in circuit board 88.

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-8[0041] Similarly, second gear 92 is generally circular with keyed post 112 located centrally thereon and including radially outwardly extending teeth 119. Second gear 92 further includes a hub bore 116 defined therein to permit mounting of second gear 92 on second hub 98 (Figs. 5 and 7). Mounting gears 90, 92 on hubs 96, 98 provide that the teeth 113, 119 of gears 90, 92 engage such that rotation of first gear 90 induces rotation in the second gear 92. Accordingly, rotation of axle 44 is translated to potentiometer 108 via gears 90, 92. Second gear 92 further includes calibration groove 93 defined therein (Fig. 7). Calibration groove 93 is positioned such that when second gear 92 is mounted on second hub 98, calibration hub 99 is received within calibration groove 93. Calibration groove 93 defines an arc within second gear 92, but illustratively does not define a closed circle. Ends of calibration groove 93 may define movement stop points or limits for second gear 92 that may be calibrated with potentiometer

108, as further detailed herein.

[0042] Referring further to Fig. 2, water conduit 20 includes aerator assembly 118, o-ring

120, distal fitting 122, tube 124, and proximal fitting 126. Aerator assembly 118 may comprise a conventional faucet aerator that threadably couples to the distal or outlet end 42 of upper extension 32. O-ring 120 is disposed between aerator assembly 118 and distal fitting 122 in assembly and prevents leaks at the connection therebetween. Tube 124 extends from distal fitting 122 through spout assembly 12, and water parameter control circuit assembly 18 to proximal fitting 126. Proximal fitting 126 is illustratively a quick connect fitting sized and shaped to be readily connected and disconnected from a quick connect receiver 130 of electronic flow controller 84.

[0043] Electronic flow controller 84 illustratively includes a housing 132, pin wire port

109, quick connect receiver 130, power connector 134, hot water inlet 136, cold water inlet 138, and at least one electrically operably valve 140. In certain illustrative embodiments, the valve 140 comprises a mixing valve or a cycling valve configured to receive and mix water flow from hot water and cold water inlets 136 and 138. In other illustrative embodiments, the valve 140 comprises a pair of proportional valves, one for controlling hot water flow from hot water inlet 136 and one for controlling cold water flow from cold water inlet 138. Pin wire 110 is illustratively coupled to electronics 139 within housing 132 by being received in pin wire port 109. Quick connect receiver 130 illustratively receives proximal fitting 126 and is secured thereto by retaining clip 141. Quick connect receiver 130 serves as a water outlet from

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-9electronic flow controller 84. Quick connect receiver 130 readily releases proximal fitting 126 upon release of retaining clip 140. Power connector 134 readily couples to power source via a nine-Volt battery type coupler. A temperature sensor 142, illustratively a thermistor, is configured to measure water temperature downstream of valve 140. More particularly, temperature sensor 142 is positioned within housing 132 in the passageway fluidly coupling valve 140 to receiver 130.

[0044] Water inlets 136, 138 couple to household hot and cold water supplies. The valve

140 selectively opens and closes to allow water from inlets 136, 138 to flow to receiver 130. In the illustrative embodiment, valve 140 is a cycling valve including a disc (not shown) rotatable by an electric motor, wherein rotation in a counterclockwise direction causes the disc to initiate flow and then provide water exclusively from the cold water inlet 136, to a mix of water from the cold water and hot water inlets 136 and 138, to water exclusively from the hot water inlet 138 (i.e., off setting, to a cold water temperature setting, to a mixed water temperature setting, to a hot water temperature setting). Electronics 139 within housing 132 may include a processor for controlling operation of the valves 140 to dictate the flow and temperature of the water output at receiver 130 and ultimately at outlet 42 of delivery spout 14.

[0045] During assembly, aerator assembly 118, o-ring 120, and distal fitting 122 are coupled to tube 124 and placed in passage bore 40. Water conduit 20 is fed through inner passage 87 of water parameter control circuit assembly 18 and out of base 28. Proximal fitting 126 is then attached to tube 124.

[0046] Pin wire 110 is passed through nut 82, spacer 80, mounting bracket 78, gasket 26, (optionally base spacer 24 as discussed below), and shank 22 and then seated within pin interface 106 of circuit board 88. Support sheath 86 is then inserted into passage bore 40 of hub 27 such that gear hub 52 axially aligns with axle bore 38. Axle 44 is then inserted into axle bore 38 such that interface surfaces 50 of proximal end 48 engage gear hub 52. Indicator window 29 is also inserted into hub 27 to seat within support sheath 86. Shank 22 is then threadably engaged to threaded portion 54 of base 28 to further retain water parameter control circuit assembly 18 within passage bore 40.

[0047] Once axle 44 is inserted, it is rotated either to a full clockwise or full counterclockwise position. The full clockwise/counterclockwise position is determined when respective ends of calibration groove 93 of second gear 92 abut calibration hub 99. This full

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- 10clockwise/counterclockwise position is then used to properly attach handle body 58 in either a full hot or off position, respectively. Accordingly, the hot/cold/off position of handle body 58 will properly correspond to the rotation of keyway 111. In other words, potentiometer 108 is properly calibrated to the rotational position of handle 16.

[0048] Handle body 58 attachment is achieved by aligning it such that attachment bore aligns with attachment bore 36 and teeth 76 of extension portion 70 of handle body 58 engage teeth 47 of distal end 46 of axle 44. Bushing 60 is then located within attachment bore 74 and teeth clearance bore 41 and bolt 64 is placed within bushing 60 and threadably secured to attachment bore 36. Once handle body 58 is secured to handle attachment base 30, trim piece 56 is secured on handle body 58. As previously noted, handle body 58 is constructed from a nonconductive material. Accordingly, handle body 58 electrically isolates trim piece 56 from delivery spout 14. Thus, a user may touch handle 16 and not cause activation of valve 140 by the capacitance sensor (e.g., toggle the on/off setting of faucet 10).

[0049] Faucet 10 is then ready for mounting to mounting surface 11. If mounting surface is a metal surface, base spacer 24 is mounted on shank 22. Base spacer 24 has a height that prevents base 28 from contacting mounting surface 11 when mounted. As noted, faucet 10 is a touch faucet. As discussed in more detail herein, a user's touch of delivery spout 14 causes activation and deactivation of flow in faucet 10 by controlling operation of valve 140. Without the use of base spacer 24 with a metal mounting surface 11, a user's touch of mounting surface 11 could unintentionally cause activation or deactivation of flow in faucet 10. Gasket 26 is located under base 28 (or under base spacer 24 if used) to seal delivery spout 14 to mounting surface 11.

[0050] Under mounting surface 11, mounting bracket 78 receives shank 22 and is positioned flush to the underside of mounting surface 11. Spacer 80 may also be placed on shank 22 and abutted to mounting bracket 78. Nut 82 is threadably engaged to shank 22 and is tightened to clamp delivery spout 14, shank 22, mounting bracket 78, and spacer 80 to secure delivery spout 14 on mounting surface 11.

[0051] Electronic flow controller 84 is illustratively mounted below mounting surface 11.

As previously noted, pin wire 110 is mounted in pin interface 106. Proximal fitting 126 is secured in receiver 130. Hot and cold water supplies are coupled to hot water inlet 136 and cold

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- 11 water inlet 138, respectively. A power source, such as a battery pack (not shown) is attached to power connector 134.

[0052] In operation, a user pulls or rotates handle 16 out of the first or off position (vertical position as shown in Figs, la and 3a) to start water flow from faucet 10. In the first position, the longitudinal handle axis 72 extends at angle a to rotational axis 35, and extends at angle β to longitudinal base axis 39. In the illustrative embodiment, angle a is 45 degrees and angle β is 90 degrees when handle is in the first position of Figs, la and 3a. Once initiated, water flow in the illustrative faucet 10 may be arrested or stopped by returning handle 16 to the vertical position or by touching delivery spout 14. A user's touch of delivery spout 14, via the electrical connection provided by clip 104, alters the capacitance of a circuit (e.g., capacitive sensor) at least partially disposed on circuit board 88. This change in capacitance is communicated to electronic flow controller 84 via pin wire 110. Electronic flow controller 84 interprets this change in capacitance as a call to toggle the on/off setting of the flow condition of faucet 10. Electronic flow controller 84 then opens (or closes) valve 140 to toggle flow condition of faucet 10.

[0053] The user may adjust the position of handle 16 to indicate a desired water temperature. Positioning or rotating handle 16 just barely out of vertical, calls for water at the coldest setting. A user may pull or rotate handle 16 towards him/her to adjust the temperature setting, wherein increased rotation toward the horizontal position of Figs, lc and 3c increases the temperature setting. Pulling handle 16 causes rotation of handle 16 about bolt 64 and bushing 60. This rotation allows infinitely adjustable positioning of handle 16.

[0054] Figs, lb and 3b show a second or intermediate position of handle 16 defining a mixed or intermediate water temperature setting. More particularly, handle 16 has been rotated from the first position of Fig. 3a about rotational axis 35 by approximately 80 degrees. Potentiometer 108 detects the rotated position of handle 16 in the manner detailed herein, such that controller 84 causes valve 140 to provide mixed water flow from both hot water inlet 136 and cold water inlet 138 thereby providing an intermediate temperature to water provided to outlet end 42 of delivery spout 14. As illustrated in Fig. 3b, angle a between longitudinal handle axis 72 and rotational axis 35 is maintained at 45 degrees. However, angle β between longitudinal handle axis 72 and longitudinal base axis 39 varies as handle 16 is rotated. In Fig.

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- 123b, angle β is substantially equal to 65 degrees. In other words, angle a stays substantially constant, while angle β varies as handle 16 is rotated about rotational axis 35.

[0055] Figs, lc and 3c show handle 16 in a third or hot temperature position (horizontal position as shown in Figs, lc and 3c) that calls for water at the hottest setting. More particularly, handle 16 has been rotated from the second position of Fig. 3b about rotational axis 35 by approximately 100 degrees. In other words, handle 16 has been rotated from the first position of Fig. 3a about rotational axis 35 by approximately 180 degrees. Potentiometer 108 detects the rotated position of handle 16 in the manner detailed herein, such that controller 84 causes valve 140 to provide mixed water flow from only hot water inlet 136 thereby providing a hot temperature to water provided to outlet end 42 of delivery spout 14. As illustrated in Fig. 3c, angle a between longitudinal handle axis 72 and rotational axis 35 is maintained at 45 degrees. However, angle β between longitudinal handle axis 72 and longitudinal base axis 39 varies as handle 16 is rotated. In Fig. 3c, angle β is substantially equal to 0 degrees, since the longitudinal handle axis 72 is coaxially aligned with the longitudinal base axis 39. As noted above, angle a stays substantially constant, while angle β varies as handle 16 is rotated about rotational axis 35 from the first position of Fig. 3a, through the second position of Fig. 3b, to the third position of Fig. 3c.

[0056] The rotation of handle 16 and the rotation of attached teeth 76 induces rotation of axle 44 via teeth 47. Rotation of axle 44 causes rotation of first gear 90 which causes rotation of second gear 92. Rotation of second gear 92 causes rotation of rotatable keyway 111. Rotation of rotatable keyway 111 alters the resistance of potentiometer 108 as seen by circuit board 88. The resistance of potentiometer 108 seen by circuit board 88 is communicated to electronic flow controller 84 via pin wire 110. Electronic flow controller 84 then adjusts valve 140 that gate hot water inlet 136 and cold water inlet 138 to adjust the temperature of the water output at receiver 130 and therefore outlet end 42 of delivery spout 14. Temperature sensor 142 provides feedback to circuit board 88 of water temperature at the outlet of valve 140.

[0057] More particularly, temperature sensor 142 is also present within electronic flow controller 84. The temperature sensor 142 detects the temperature of the water delivered to receiver 130. The temperature sensor 142 also outputs an electrical signal indicative of the sensed temperature. Electronic flow controller 84 interprets this electrical signal and outputs another electrical signal on pin wire 110. This signal on pin wire 110 operates to control the

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- 13 color of light emitted by led 102. Light emitted by LED 102 shines through water temperature indicator window 29 to be viewable by the user. LED 102 provides a blue light to indicate relatively cold water. LED 102 provides a red light to indicate relatively hot water. LED 102 provides mixtures of red and blue light (purple, violet, etc.) to indicate the spectrum between hot and cold.

[0058] Accordingly, the position of handle 16 is viewable by the user to provide a visual indication of the approximate temperature being requested. LED 102 is viewable by the user to provide a visual indication of the approximate temperature being realized at aerator assembly 118 at outlet end 42 of delivery spout 14.

[0059] Figs. 9a-9c show another illustrative embodiment faucet 210 including a delivery spout 212 extending between a pair of handles 216a, 216b. The two handle faucet 210 includes handle 216a which controls cold water flow to delivery spout 212 (illustratively through cold water inlet 138) and a hot water handle 216b which controls hot water flow to delivery spout 212 (illustratively through hot water inlet 136). Spout 212 and handles 216a, 216b are supported by mounting surface 11, illustratively a sink deck.

[0060] Handles 216a, 216b are each supported by a respective attachment base 227a,

227b along an angled interface plane 273a, 273b. In the illustrative embodiment, the interface planes 273a, 273b are angled approximately 45 degrees from horizontal. Each attachment base 227a, 227b extends vertically along a respective longitudinal base axis 239a, 239b, while each handle 216a, 216b extends along a respective longitudinal handle axis 272a, 272b. The handles 216a, 216b are each rotatable about a respective rotational axis 235a, 235b extending perpendicular to the associated interface plane 273a, 273b. More particularly, each handle 216a, 216b may be supported for rotational movement relative to respective attachment base 227a, 227b in a manner similar to the manner in which handle 16 is operably coupled to attachment base 30, as detailed above in connection with faucet 10. Additionally, handles 216a, 216b may each be configured to operably couple to water parameter control circuit assembly 18 similar to that detailed above. However, in the illustrative faucet 210, the water parameter control circuit assembly 18 is configured to communicate with electronic flow controller 84 to control flow rate through hot water inlet 136 in response to rotation of handle 216b, and to control flow rate through cold water inlet 138 in response to rotation of handle 216a through hot water inlet 136.

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- 14[0061] Fig. 9a illustrates both handles 216a, 216b in their respective first or off positions, illustratively with each longitudinal handle axis 272a, 272b extending perpendicular to the longitudinal base axis 239a, 239b in a horizontal direction. In the off position, the water parameter control circuit assembly 18 associated with each handle 216a, 216b sends a signal of handle position to the flow controller 84 which instructs respective electrically operable flow control valves 140 to block water flow through water inlets 136 and 138.

[0062] Fig. 9b illustrates both handles 216a, 216b in second or intermediate flow positions, wherein each handle 216a, 216b has been rotated by approximately 80 degrees about respective rotational axis 235a, 235b toward the user from the off position of Fig. 9a. In the intermediate flow position of Fig. 9b, the water parameter control circuit assembly 18 associated with each handle 216a, 216b sends a signal of handle position to the flow controller 84 which instructs respective electrically operable flow control valves 140 to permit restricted water flow through hot and cold water inlets 136 and 138 at an intermediate flow rate.

[0063] Fig. 9c illustrates both handles 216a, 216b in third or full flow positions, wherein each handle 216a, 216b has been rotated by approximately 100 degrees about respective rotational axis 235a, 235b toward the user from the second position of Fig. 9b. In the third position of Fig. 9c, each longitudinal handle axis 272a, 272b extends in a vertical direction and is coaxially aligned with respective longitudinal base axis 239a, 239b. The water parameter control circuit assembly 18 associated with each handle 216a, 216b sends a signal of handle position to the flow controller 84 which instructs respective electrically operable flow control valves 140 to permit full water flow through hot and cold water inlets 136 and 138.

[0064] Although the disclosure has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the scope of the disclosure as described and defined in the following claims.