Vibration dampening material and uses for same

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WO 2006/041892

PCT/US2005/035774

[0001]

[0002]

VIBRATION DAMPENING MATERIAL AND USES FOR SAME

BACKGROUND

[0003] The present invention is directed to a material adapted to reduce vibration and, more specifically, to a material adapted to dissipate and evenly distribute vibrations transmitted.

[0004] Handles of sporting equipment, bicycles, hand tools, etc. are often made of wood, metal or polymer that transmit vibrations that can make the items uncomfortable for prolonged gripping. Sporting equipment, such as bats, padding, balls, footwear (such as shoes, skates, boots, rollerblades, sandals, slippers) insoles and sidewalls, also transmit vibrations during the impact that commonly occurs during athletic contests. These vibrations can be problematic in that they can potentially distract the player's attention, adversely effect performance, and/or injure a portion of a player's body.

[0005] Rigid polymer materials are typically used to provide grips for tools and sports equipment. The use of rigid polymers allows users to maintain control of the equipment but is not very effective at reducing vibrations. While it is known that softer materials provide better vibration regulation characteristics, such materials do not have the necessary rigidity for incorporation into sporting equipment, hand tools, shoes or the like. This lack of rigidity allows unintended movement of the equipment encased by the soft material relative to a user's hand or body.

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[0006] Prolonged or repetitive contact with excessive vibrations can injure a person. The desire to avoid such injury can result in reduced athletic performance and decreased efficiency when working with tools.

[0007] Clearly what is needed is a vibration dissipating material adapted to regulate vibration that provides the necessary rigidity for effective vibration distribution; that can dampen and reduce vibrational energy; and that exhibits superior vibration dissipation.

[0008] SUMMARY

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention is directed to materials for use in items that regulate and dissipate vibration. Each of the materials, and then their uses on certain items will be described first in summary, and then in detail.

[0010] The first material comprises first and second elastomer layers; and a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers. The reinforcement layer comprising a layer of high tensile strength fibrous material.

[0011] The second material comprises first and second elastomer layers and a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers. The reinforcement layer has a plurality of high tensile strength fibrous material connected to the first and second elastomer layers and located between the first and second elastomer layers. The high tensile strength fibrous material is generally compliant only in a direction generally

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 perpendicular to the major material surface so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction. The high tensile strength fibrous material is also generally interlocked in and generally held in position by the first and second elastomer layers. Finally, the high tensile strength fibrous material generally distributes impact energy parallel to the major material surface and into the first and second elastomer layers.

[0012] The third material comprises a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially free of voids therein; a second elastomeric layer which includes an aramid material therein and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, wherein the aramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening; and a third elastomeric layer disposed on the second elastomeric layer and adapted for gripping.

[0013] The fourth material comprises a first elastomeric layer adapted to absorb vibration, the first elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids therein;

[0014] a second elastomeric layer which includes an aramid material therein and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, the aramid material comprising a plurality of individual strips of aramid of different sizes, wherein the aramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, the second elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids therein; and [0015] a third elastomeric layer that is disposed on the second elastomeric layer, the third elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids.

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[0016] The fifth material comprises: a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially free of voids therein; a second elastomeric layer that includes an aramid material therein and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, wherein the aramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening; and a third elastomeric layer disposed on the second elastomeric layer.

[0017] The sixth material comprises: a first elastomeric layer adapted to absorb vibration, the first elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids therein;

[0018] a second elastomeric layer which includes an aramid material therein and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, the aramid material comprising a plurality of individual strips of aramid of different sizes, wherein the aramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, the second elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids therein; and [0019] a third elastomeric layer that is disposed on the second elastomeric layer, the third elastomeric layer being substantially free of voids.

[0020] The seventh material comprises: a first layer adapted to absorb vibration and being formed by an elastomer that is substantially free of voids therein;

[0021] a second layer which includes an aramid material therein and that is disposed on the first layer, the aramid material comprising a plurality of individual strips of aramid of generally equal sizes, wherein the aramid material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, the second layer being

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 substantially free of voids therein, the plurality of individual aramid strips being generally parallel to each other; and

[0022] a third layer formed by an elastomer that is substantially free of voids.

[0023] The eighth material comprises: a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially free of voids therein;

[0024] a second layer including fiberglass material and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, wherein the fiberglass material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, wherein the fiberglass material forms a substantially imperforate sheet; and

[0025] a third elastomeric layer disposed on the second elastomeric layer. [0026] The ninth material comprises: a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially non-porous;

[0027] a second layer including a fiberglass material and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, wherein the fiberglass material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, wherein the fiberglass material forms a plurality of individual strips that are generally co-aligned within a common plane that extends generally throughout the second layer; and

[0028] a third elastomeric layer disposed on the second elastomeric layer. [0029] The tenth material comprises: a first elastomeric layer of vibration absorbing material which is substantially free of voids therein;

[0030] a second layer including high tensile strength fibrous material and that is disposed on the first elastomeric layer, wherein the high tensile strength

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PCT/US2005/035774 fibrous material distributes vibration to facilitate vibration dampening, wherein the high tensile strength fibrous material forms a substantially imperforate sheet; and

[0031] a third elastomeric layer disposed on the second elastomeric layer. [0032] The eleventh material comprises: first and second elastomer layers;

and

[0033] a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers, the reinforcement layer comprising a cloth layer formed of a plurality of woven high tensile fibrous material, the plurality of woven high tensile fibrous material being connected to the first and second elastomer layers generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers, the cloth layer being generally compliant only in a direction generally perpendicular to the first major surface so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction, wherein the high tensile fibrous material generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first major surface and into the first and second elastomer layers.

[0034] The twelfth material comprises: first and second elastomer layers;

and

[0035] a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers, the reinforcement layer comprising a cloth layer formed of fiberglass, the fiberglass being connected to the first and second elastomer layers generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers, the cloth layer

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 being generally compliant only in a direction generally perpendicular to the first major surface so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction, wherein the fiberglass generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first major surface and into the first and second elastomer layers.

[0036] The thirteenth material comprises: first and second elastomer layers; and

[0037] a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers, the reinforcement layer comprising a cloth layer formed of a plurality of woven high tensile fibrous material, the plurality of woven high tensile fibrous material being connected to the first and second elastomer layers generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers, the cloth layer being generally compliant only in a direction generally perpendicular to the first major surface so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction, the cloth layer is generally interlocked in and generally held in position by the first and second elastomer layers, wherein the high tensile fibrous material generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first major surface and into the first and second elastomer layers.

[0038] The fourteenth material comprises: first and second elastomer layers; and

[0039] a reinforcement layer disposed between and generally separating the first and second elastomer layers, the reinforcement layer comprising a cloth layer formed of a plurality of woven high tensile fibrous material, the plurality of

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 woven high tensile fibrous material being connected to the first and second elastomer layers generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers, the cloth layer being generally compliant only in a second direction so as to be generally non energy storing in the second direction, wherein the high tensile fibrous material generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first direction and into the first and second elastomer layers.

[0040] The fifteenth material comprises: an elastomer layer having a first plurality of fibers therein; and

[0041] a support structure penetrated by and embedded on and/or within the elastomer layer, the support structure being semi-rigid and supporting the elastomer layer.

[0042] The sixteenth material comprises: an elastomer layer; and [0043] a support structure penetrated by and embedded on and/or within the elastomer layer, the support structure being formed of a second elastomer having a higher durometer than the elastomer layer such that the support structure is semi-rigid and supporting the elastomer layer.

[0044] The seventeenth material comprises: a first elastomer layer; and [0045] a support structure penetrated by and embedded on and/or within the elastomer layer, the support structure being semi-rigid or rigid and supporting the elastomer layer, the support structure having a first plurality of particles therein.

[0046] The eighteenth material comprises: a first elastomer layer; and

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[0047] a support structure formed by a second elastomer layer, the support structure being located and configured to support the first elastomer layer. [0048] The nineteenth material comprises: a first elastomer layer; and [0049] a support structure located and configured to support the elastomer layer, the support structure having a first plurality of gel particles therein. [0050] The twentieth material comprises: a tape body being stretchable along the longitudinal axis from a first position to a second position, in which the tape body is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position, the tape body comprising:

[0051] a first elastomer layer defining a tape length, as measured along the longitudinal axis, of the tape body;

[0052] a support structure disposed within the elastomer layer generally along the longitudinal axis in an at least partially non linear fashion while the tape body is in the first position so that a length of the support structure, as measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the tape length of the first elastomer layer; and

[0053] wherein when the tape body is stretched into the second position, the support structure is at least partially straightened so that the support structure is more linear, relative to when the tape body is in the first position, the straightening of the support structure causing energy to be dissipated and generally preventing further elongation of the elastomer layer along the longitudinal axis past the second position, the support structure comprising a plurality of fibers.

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[0054] The twenty-first material comprises: a tape body being stretchable along the longitudinal axis from a first position to a second position, in which the tape body is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position, the tape body comprising:

[0055] a first elastomer layer defining a tape length, as measured along the longitudinal axis, of the tape body;

[0056] a support structure disposed at least partially within the elastomer layer generally along the longitudinal axis in an at least partially non linear fashion while the tape body is in the first position so that a length of the support structure, as measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the tape length of the first elastomer layer; and

[0057] wherein when the tape body is stretched into the second position, the support structure is at least partially straightened so that the support structure is more linear, relative to when the tape body is in the first position, the straightening of the support structure causing energy to be dissipated and generally preventing further elongation of the elastomer layer along the longitudinal axis past the second position.

[0058] Each of these materials could be used alone of in various combinations to reduce vibrations in the goods described herein.

[0059] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be better understood

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred. It is understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentality shown. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the material of the present invention; and

[0062] Figure 2 is perspective view of the material of Figure 1 configured to form a grip.

[0063] Figure 3 is an elevational view of a baseball bat having a cover in the form of a sleeve on the handle area in accordance with this invention;

[0064] . Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmental cross-sectional view of the bat and sleeve shown in Figure 3;

[0065] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the results in the application of shock forces on a cover in accordance with this invention;

[0066] Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing an alternative sleeve mounted on a different implement;

[0067] Figure 7 is a view similar to Figures 4 and 6 showing still yet another form of sleeve in accordance with this invention; Figure 8 is a crosssectional longitudinal view showing an alternative cover in accordance with this invention mounted on a further type of implement;

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[0068] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional longitudinal view showing an alternative cover in accordance with this invention mounted on a further type of implement;

[0069] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional end view of yet another cover in accordance with this invention;

[0070] Figure 10 is an elevational view of a hammer incorporating an abrasive dampening handle in accordance with this invention; Figure 8 is an elevational view showing a portion of a handlebar incorporating a vibration dampening cover in accordance with this invention;

[0071] Figure 11 is an elevational view showing a portion of a handlebar incorporating a vibration dampening cover in accordance with this invention; the handlebar grip can include an attached insert (that is also formed of the material of the present invention) that is located inside of a hollow in the handlebar to effectively cause the handlebar structure to become another layer of the material of the present invention (for example, if the handlebar is formed of a composite, then the composite material would just form another layer of the material of the present invention);

[0072] Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11 of yet another practice of this invention;

[0073] Figures 13-16 are plan views of various forms of the intermediate force dissipating layer which is used in certain practices of this invention; [0074] Figure 17 is a perspective view of a portable electronic device case having a panel formed from the material of the present invention; the panel can

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 form the entire case, or just portions of the case, without departing from the scope of the present invention; the illustrated case can be used with laptops, cell phones, GPS devices, portable music playing devices, such as MP3 players, walkie talkies, hand held video games, or the like without departing from the present invention;

[0075] Figure 18 is a plan view of a shoe insert formed from the material of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 19 is a perspective view of a shoe having a panel formed from the material of the present invention; while the panel is shown proximate to the heel of the shoe, the panel's size and placement can vary without departing from the scope of the present invention; for example, the panel can be positioned along a sidewall of the shoe, in the sole or mid-sole of the shoe, on the toe of the shoe, in the tongue of the shoe, or the panel can form the entire upper portion of the shoe, or the like;

[0077] Figure 20 is a perspective view of a firearm with a grip having at least a panel formed by the material of the present invention; the grip can be entirely formed by the material of the present invention; while the grip is shown on a handgun, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the grip can be used on any rifle, shotgun, paint ball gun, or projectile launching device without departing from the present invention; the firearm grip can be a separate wrap around grip or can be a grip attached and/or molded to the firearm;

[0078] Figure 21 is a perspective view of a sock having panels formed by the material of the present invention; the panels can be of any size and

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 configuration; the panels can form the sock itself or be attached to an underlying fabric, such as a cotton weave;

[0079] Figure 22 is a perspective view of a kneepad having a panel formed by the material of the present invention; the panel can be of any size and configuration; the panels that are formed by the material of the present invention can be integrated in any type of kneepad or other article of clothing;

[0080] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of the material of the present invention that may be used to form a panel, covering, casing, or container as taken along the line 23-23 of Figures 17-22 and 24-30; [0081] Figure 24 is a perspective view illustrating a panel formed by the material of the present invention used to cover a dashboard, and/or a floorboard of an automobile; the panel can be used in a boat, plane, motorcycle, all terrain vehicle, train, racing vehicle, or the like and can be used in any part of a vehicle, such as a seat, roll bar, floor panel, speaker insulation, engine mounts, or the like without departing from the present invention;

[0082] Figure 25 is a perspective view of a roll bar for use with a vehicle that incorporates the material of the present invention as padding thereover; the roll bar padding may include a panel of the material of the present invention or may be formed entirely of the material of the present invention;

[0083] Figures 26-30 are perspective views of tape or other wrapping material that may include a panel of or that may be entirely made of the material of the present invention;

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[0084] Figure 31 is a perspective view of a headband formed, at least in part, by the material of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the headband of Figure 31 as taken along the line 32-32 in Figure 31;

[0086] Figure 33 is a side elevational view of a helmet including panels formed by the material of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 34 is a perspective, partially broken away view of a cycling helmet incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 35 is a perspective view of a glove suitable for use with at least one of a baseball and a softball; the glove incorporates the material of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 36 is a perspective view of a weightlifting glove that incorporates the material of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 37 is a front elevation view of a jersey incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0091] Figure 38 is an elevational view of athletic shorts incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 39 is a elevational view of a golf glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0093] Figure 40 is a elevational view of a rope handling glove or a rescue services glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0094] Figure 41 is a elevational view of a batting glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

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[0095] Figure 42 is a elevational view of a lady's dress glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0096] Figure 43 is a elevational view of a ski mitten incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 44 is a elevational view of a lacrosse glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 45 is a elevational view of boxing glove incorporating the material of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 46 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating a single layer vibration dissipating material with a support structure embedded therein, the material extends along a longitudinal portion of an implement and covers a proximal end thereof; [00100] Figure 47 is a cross-sectional view of the material of Figure 46 separate from any implement, padding, equipment or the like;

[00101] Figure 47A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention with the support structure embedded thereon and the vibration dissipating material penetrating the support structure; [00102] Figure 47B is cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention with the support structure embedded within the vibration dissipating material and the vibration dissipating material penetrating the support structure, the support structure is positioned off center within the vibration dissipating material;

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[00103] Figure 48 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the support structure as taken along the lines 48-48 of Figure 47, the support structure is formed of polymer and/or elastomer and/or fibers, either of which may contain fibers, passageways extend through the support structure allowing the vibration dissipating material to penetrate the support structure;

[00104] Figure 49 is cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the support structure as viewed in a manner similar to that of Figure 48 illustrating a support structure formed by woven fibers, passageways through the woven fibers allow the support structure to be penetrated by the vibration dissipating material;

[00105] Figure 50 is cross-sectional view of another alternate support structure as viewed in a manner similar to that of Figure 48, the support structure formed by plurality of fibers, passageways past the fibers allow the vibration dissipating material to penetrate the support structure;

[00106] Figure 51 is a side elevational view of the support structure of Figure 48;

[00107] Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating a single layer vibration dissipating material with a support structure embedded therein, the material extends along a longitudinal portion of an implement and covers a proximal end thereof; [00108] Figure 53 is a cross-sectional view of the material of Figure 52 separate from any implement, padding, equipment or the like;

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[00109] Figure 53A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention with the support structure embedded thereon and the vibration dissipating material penetrating the support structure; [00110] Figure 53B is cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention with the support structure embedded within the vibration dissipating material and the vibration dissipating material penetrating the support structure, the support structure is positioned off center within the vibration dissipating material;

[00111] Figure 54 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating a single layer of vibration dissipating material with a support structure embedded therein; the support structure is disposed within the vibration dissipating material generally along a longitudinal axis in an at least partially non linear fashion so that a length of the support structure, as measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the length of the vibration dissipating material as measured along the longitudinal axis, of the material body;

[00112] Figure 55 is an enlarged broken away view of the area enclosed by the dashed lines labeled Fig. 54 in Figure 54 and illustrates that the overall support structure can actually be formed by a plurality of individual stacked support structures (which can be the same or different from each other) or a successive plurality of stacked fibers and/or a successive plurality of stacked cloth layers;

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[00113] Figure 56 is a cross-sectional view of the material of Figure 54 stretched along the longitudinal axis into a second position, in which the material body is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position; the straightening of the support structure causes energy to be dissipated and preferably generally prevents further elongation of the material along the longitudinal axis past the second position;

[00114] Figure 57 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating a more linear support structure within the material while the material is in the first position; the more linear arrangement of the support structure in the material, relative to that shown in Figure 54, reduces the amount of elongation that is possible before the material stops stretching and effectively forms a brake on further movement;

[00115] Figure 58 is a cross-sectional view of the material of Figure 57 stretched along the longitudinal axis into the second position, in which the material is elongated along the longitudinal axis by a predetermined amount; because the support structure was more linear while the material was in the first position, relative to the material shown in Figure 56, it is preferred that the amount of elongation of the material when the material is in the second position is reduced relative to the material shown in Figures 54 and 56;

[00116] Figure 59 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating the support structure with an adhesive layer generally over its major surfaces to allow the elastomer material to be secured thereto rather than molded and/or extruded thereover;

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[00117] Figure 60 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention illustrating the support structure, or ribbon material, positioned between two spaced elastomer layers with the support structure's peaks molded, fastened, and/or otherwise affixed to the elastomer layer at a plurality of locations; air gaps are preferably present about the support structure to facilitate longitudinal stretching of the material; alternatively, the support structure can be secured only at its lateral ends (i.e., the left and right ends of the support structure viewed in Figure 60) to the elastomer layers so that the remainder of the support structure moves freely within an outer sheath of elastomer material and functions as a spring/elastic member to limit the elongation of the material;

[00118] Figure 61 is another embodiment of the vibration dissipating material of the present invention and is similar to the material shown in Figure 60, except that the support structure's peaks are secured to the elastomer layers via an adhesive layer;

[00119] Figure 62 is another embodiment of the vibration dissipating material of the present invention and illustrates the vibration dissipating material and any accompanying adhesive actually physically breaking when the support structure is elongated into the second position; the breaking of the vibration dissipating material results in further energy dissipation and vibration absorption in addition to that dissipated by the support structure;

[00120] Figure 63 is another embodiment of the vibration dissipating material of the present invention and illustrates that the support structure, or

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 ribbon material, can be disposed in any geometry within the vibration dissipating material; additionally, individually rigid squares, buttons, or plates (not shown) can be positioned on one side of the material to further spread impact force along the surface of the material prior to the dissipation of vibration by the material in general; additionally, such buttons, plates, or other rigid surfaces can be attached directly to a mesh or other flexible layer that is disposed over the material shown in Figure 63 so that impact force on one of the rigid members causes deflection of the entire mesh or other layer for energy absorption prior to vibration absorption by the material; the section line labeled 53-53 in this Figure signifies that it is possible that the support structure shown in Figure 63 is generally the same as that illustrated in Figure 53;

[00121] Figure 64 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the material of the present invention and illustrates that the support structure can be positioned generally along an outer surface of the vibration dissipating material without departing from the scope of the present invention; Figure 64 also illustrates that a breakable layer (i.e., a paper layer) or a self fusing adhesive layer can be located on one surface of the material; when a self fusing layer is located on one surface of the material, the material can be wrapped so as to allow multiple adjacent wrappings of the material to fuse together to form an integral piece; if desired, the integral piece may be waterproof for use with swimming or the like;

[00122] Figure 65 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the vibration dissipating material with a shrinkable layer of material disposed on a

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 major surface thereof; the shrinkable material can be a heat shrinkable material or any other type of shrinking material suitable for use with the present invention; once the material is properly positioned, the shrinkable layer can be used to fix the material in position and, preferably, can also be used as a separate breakable layer to further dissipate vibration in a fashion similar to the breakable layer described in connection with Figure 62;

[00123] Figure 66 is another embodiment of the vibration dissipating material of the present invention and illustrates the shrinkable layer disposed within the vibration dissipating material; the shrinkable layer can be a solid layer, a perforated layer, a mesh or netting, or shrinkable fibers;

[00124] Figure 67 is another embodiment of the vibration absorbing material of the present invention and illustrates the shrinkable layer being disposed over peaks of the support structure with an optional vibration absorbing layer thereover;

[00125] Figure 68 is a cross-sectional view of the material of Figure 67 when the shrinkable layer has been shrunk down over the support structure after the material is placed in a desired configuration; although the optional additional vibration absorbing material is not shown in Figure 68, it can be left in position above the shrinkable layer to form a protective sheath or also pulled down into the gaps between the peaks of the support structure;

[00126] Figure 69 illustrates the material of the present invention configured as athletic tape with an optional adhesive layer;

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[00127] Figure 70 illustrates the material of the present invention as a roll of material/padding/wide wrap material or the like with an optional adhesive layer thereon;

[00128] Figure 71 illustrates the material of the present invention configured as a knee handage;

[00129] Figure 72 illustrates the material of the present invention with an optional adhesive layer configured as a finger and/or joint bandage; while various bandages, wraps, padding, materials, tapes, or the like are shown, the material of the present invention can be used for any purpose or application without departing from the scope of the present invention;

[00130] Figure 73 illustrates the material of the present invention used to form a foot brace;

[00131] Figure 74 illustrates the material of the present invention wrapped to form a knee supporting brace;

[00132] Figure 7 5 illustrates additional layers of material used to brace the ligaments in a person's leg;

[00133] Figure 76 illustrates the material of the present invention used to form a hip support;

[00134] Figure 77 illustrates the material of the present invention used to form a shoulder brace; and

[00135] Figure 78 illustrates the material of the present invention wrapped to form a hand and wrist brace; while the material of the present invention has been shown in conjunction with various portions of the person's body, those of

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that the material of the present invention can be used as an athletic brace, a medical support, or a padding for any portion of a person's body without the departing from the scope of the present invention.

[00136] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[00137] Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The term “implement,” as used in the specification and in the claims, means “any one of a baseball bat, racket, hockey stick, softball bat, sporting equipment, firearm, or the like.” The above terminology includes the words above specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import. Additionally, the words “a” and “one” are defined as including one or more of the referenced item unless specifically stated otherwise. [00138] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, wherein like numerals indicate like elements throughout, there is shown a preferred embodiment of a material adapted to regulate vibration according to the present invention, generally designated 10. Briefly stated, the material 10 of the present invention is formed by at least a first elastomer layer 12A and a layer of high tensile strength fibrous material 14. The material 10 can be incorporated into athletic gear, grips for sports equipment, grips for tools, and protective athletic gear. The panels 305 of the material 10 can be incorporated into the various items disclosed in this application. The panel defines an outer perimeter 314 and may extend throughout the entire item, that is the panel 305 may actually form the entire

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 shoe insert, case, or other item. Alternatively, multiple panels can be separately located on an item. More specifically, the material 10 can be used: to form grips (or to form part of a grip or to form a panel 305 included in a grip) for a tennis racquet, hockey sticks, golf clubs, baseball bats or the like; to form protective athletic gear for mitts, headbands, helmets, knee pads 323 (shown in Figure 22), umpire padding, shoulder pads, gloves, mouth guards, pads, or the like; to form seats or handle bar covers for bicycles, motorcycles, or the like; to form boots for skiing, roller blading or the like; to form clothing (such as shirts, gloves, pants, etc.) or padded liners or footwear 311 (shown in Figure 19), such as shoe soles

313, shoe uppers 315, shoe lowers, shoe pads, ankle pads, toe pads 317, shoe inserts, and to provide padding 319 to socks 321 (shown in Figure 21), such as sock bottoms; to form padding 307 (shown in Figure 17) for portable electronics, such as cell phone cases, PDA cases, laptop cases, gun cases, radio cases, cassette cases, MP3 player cases, calculator cases; to form padding for speakers; to provide padding 325 (see Figure 24) and soundproofing for automobiles 327, such as providing pole and/or roll bar padding 329 (shown in Figure 25) in vehicles, such as automobiles, boats, trucks, all terrain vehicles, etc., providing insulation panels 329 for cars, for use in engine mounts; to form grips 309 (shown in Figure 20) for firearms, hand guns, rifles, shotguns, or the like; to form grips for tools such as hammers, drills, screw drivers, circular saws, chisels or the like; and to form part or all of bandages and/or wraps 331 (shown in Figures 26-30). The material of the present invention 10 can also be used for soundproofing rooms, homes, airplanes, music studios, or the like.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

[00139] The material 10 is preferably generally non elastic in a direction generally perpendicular X to a major material surface 316A (shown in Figure 23) and thus, does not provide a spring like effect when experiencing impact force. It is preferred that the material 10 is generally compliant in the direction X which is perpendicular to the major material surface 316A, 316B so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction X. It is preferred that the reinforcement layer generally distribute impact energy parallel to the major surfaces 316A, 316B and into the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B.

The material 10 is preferably designed to reduce sensible vibration (and thus generally dampen and divert energy away from the object or person covered by the material).

[00140] The first elastomer layer 12A acts a shock absorber by converting mechanical vibrational energy into heat energy. The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 redirects vibrational energy and provides increased stiffness to the material 10 to facilitate a user's ability to control an implement 20 encased, or partially encased, by the material 10. It is preferred, but not necessary, that the high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 be formed of aramid material.

[00141] In one embodiment, the composite material 10 may have three generally independent and separate layers including the first elastomer layer 12A and a second elastomer layer 12B. Elastomer material provides vibration damping by dissipating vibrational energy. Suitable elastomer materials include, but are not limited urethane rubbers, silicone rubbers, nitrile rubbers,

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 butyl rubbers, acrylic rubbers, natural rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, and the like. In general, any suitable elastomer material can be used to form the first and second elastomer layers without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example the elastomer layers may be thermoset elastomer layers. Alternatively, the elastomer layers 12A, 12B can be thermoplastic or any material suitable for thermoforming. For example, when manufacturing some shaped articles, such as a golf club grip, it may be more efficient to first form the material 10 as a generally flat piece or sheet of material 10 which could then be reformed or thermoformed into the desired shaped article. Additionally, the material 10 may include a shrink wrap or shrinkable layer therein and/or thereon. The shrinkable layer can be heat and/or water activated.

[00142] The material 10 can include additional layers thereover, such as a generally rigid material or the like. For example, one or more generally rigid plates of rigid material can be positioned over the material 10 to distribute impact force over an increased amount of the material. This can be useful when using the material in umpire vests, bulletproof vests, shoulder pads, shoes, or in any other application where a generally rigid outer layer is desired.

[00143] The softness of elastomer materials can be quantified using Shore A durometer ratings. Generally speaking, the lower the durometer rating, the softer the material and the more effective an elastomer layer is at absorbing and dissipating vibration because less force is channeled through the elastomer. When a soft elastomer material is squeezed, an individual's fingers are imbedded in the elastomer which increases the surface area of contact between the user's

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 hand and creates irregularities in the outer material surface to allow a user to firmly grasp any implement 20 covered, or partially covered, by the material. However, the softer the elastomer layers 12A, 12B, the less control a user has when manipulating an implement 20 covered by the elastomer. If the elastomer layer is too soft (i.e., if the elastomer layer has too low of a Shore A durometer rating), then the implement 20 may rotate unintentionally relative to a user's hand or foot. The material 10 of the present invention is preferably designed to use first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B having Shore A durometer ratings that provide an optimum balance between allowing a user to precisely manipulate and control the implement 20 and effectively damping vibration during use of the implement 20.

[00144] It is preferable, but not necessary, that the elastomer used with the material 10 have a Shore A durometer of between approximately ten (10) and approximately eighty (80). It is preferred that the first elastomer layer have a Shore A durometer of between approximately ten (10) and approximately twentyfive (25) and that the second elastomer layer has a Shore A durometer of between approximately twenty-five (25) and approximately forty-five (45).

[00145] The first elastomer layer 12A is preferably used to slow down impact energy and to absorb vibrational energy and to convert vibrational energy into heat energy. This preferably, but not necessarily, allows the first elastomer layer to act as a pad as well as dissipate vibration. The second elastomer layer 12B is also used to absorb vibrational energy, but also provides a compliant and comfortable grip for a user to grasp (or provides a surface for a portion of a user's

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 body, such as the under sole of a user's foot when the material 10 is formed as a shoe insert).

[00146] In one embodiment, the first elastomer layer 12A preferably has Shore A durometer of approximately fifteen (15) and the second elastomer layer has a Shore A durometer of approximately forty-two (42). If the first and second elastomer have generally the same Shore A durometer ratings, then it is preferable, but not necessary, that the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B have a Shore A durometer of fifteen (15), thirty-two (32), or forty-two (42). [00147] The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 is preferably, but not necessarily, formed of aramid fibers. The fibers can be woven to form a cloth layer 16 that is disposed between and generally separates the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The cloth layer 16 can be formed of aramid fibers, high tensile strength fibers, fiberglass, or other types of fiber. It is preferred that the cloth layer 16 does not have suitable rigidity for use as an open gridwork having any significant energy storage capability. It is preferred that the material which forms the reinfocement layer 14 is generally bonded to the elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The cloth layer 16 preferably generally separates the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B causing the material 10 to have three generally distinct and separate layers 12A, 12B, 14. The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 blocks and redirects vibrational energy that passes through one of the elastomer layers 12A or 12B to facilitate the dissipation of vibrations. The high tensile strength fibers 18 redirect vibrational energy along the length of the fibers 18. Thus, when the plurality of high tensile strength

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 fibers 18 are woven to form the cloth layer 16, vibrational energy emanating from the implement 20 that is not absorbed or dissipated by the first elastomer layer 12A is redistributed evenly along the material 10 by the cloth layer 16 and then further dissipated by the second elastomer layer 12B.

[00148] The cloth layer 16 is preferably generally interlocked in, generally affixed to, or generally fixed in position by the elastomer layers 12A, 12B in order for the cloth layer 16 to block and redirect vibrational energy to facilitate dissipation of vibrations.

[00149] It is preferable that the high tensile strength fibers 18 be formed of a suitable polyamide fiber of high tensile strength with a high resistance to elongation. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that any aramid fiber suitable to channel vibration can be used to form the high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 without departing from scope of the present invention. Additionally, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that loose fibers or chopped fibers can be used to form the high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 without departing from the scope of the present invention. The high tensile strength fibrous material may also be formed of fiberglass. The high tensile strength fibrous material preferably prevents the material 10 from substantially elongating in a direction parallel to the major material surfaces 316A, 316B during use. It is preferred that the amount of elongation is less than ten (10%) percent. It is more preferred that the amount of elongation is less than four (4%) percent. It is most preferred that the amount of elongation is less than one (1%) percent.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

[00150] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that the material 10 can be formed of two independent layers without departing from the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the material 10 can be formed of a first elastomer layer 12A and a high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 (which may be woven into a cloth layer 16) that is disposed on the first elastomer 12A.

[00151] Referring to Figures 18 and 23, the material 10 may be configured and adapted to form an insert 310 for a shoe. When the material 10 is configured to form a shoe insert 310, the material 10 is preferably adapted to extend along an inner surface of the shoe from a location proximate to a heel of the shoe to the toe of the shoe. In addition to forming a shoe insert 310, the material 10 can be located along the sides of a shoe to protect the wearer's foot from lateral, frontal, and/or rear impact.

[00152] When the material of the present invention forms an insert 310 for a shoe, the insert 310 includes a shoe insert body 312 having a generally elongated shape with an outer perimeter 314 configured to substantially conform to a sole of the shoe so that the shoe insert body 312 extends along an inner surface of the shoe from a location proximate to a heel of the shoe to a toe of the shoe. The shoe insert body 312 is preferably generally planar and formed by a reinforced elastomer material 10 that regulates and dissipates vibration. The shoe insert body 312 has first and second major surfaces 316A, 316B. The reinforced elastomer material 10 preferably includes first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. In one embodiment it is preferred that the first and second elastomer layers

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 are generally free of voids therein and/or that the elastomer layers are formed by thermoset elastomer.

[00153] A reinforcement layer 14 is disposed between and generally separates the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The reinforcement layer 14 may include a layer formed of a plurality of high tensile strength fibrous material. Alternatively, the reinforcement layer may be formed of aramid, fiberglass, regular cloth, or the like. The reinforcement layer may be formed by woven fibers. In one embodiment, it is preferred that the reinforcement layer consist of only a single cloth layer of material.

[00154] The woven high tensile strength fibrous material is preferably connected to the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The cloth layer is generally compliant only in a direction X generally perpendicular to the first major surface 316A so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction X. Wherein the high tensile strength fibrous material 14 generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first major surface 316A and into the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The reinforcement layer 14 preferably prevents the shoe insert 310 from substantially elongating during use. The reinforced elastomer 10 can also be used as a sole for footwear or as part of a sole or insole for footwear. The reinforced elastomer can also be used to provide padding within or along a side or upper portion of a shoe or boot.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

[00155] Referring to Figures 4, 9, 10, and 20, the material 10 may be configured and adapted to form a grip 22 for an implement such as a bat, having a handle 24 and a proximal end 26 (i.e., the end proximal to where the bat is normally gripped). The material 10 is preferably adapted to enclose a portion of the handle 24 and to enclose the proximal end 26 of the bat or implement 20. When grip is used with a firearm the grip can be a wrap around grip or can be attached and/or molded to the firearm. As best shown in Figure 2, it is preferable that the grip 22 be formed as a single body that completely encloses the proximal end of the implement 20. The material 10 may be also be configured and adapted to form a grip 22 for a tennis racket or similar implement 20 having a handle 24 and a proximal end 26.

[00156] Referring to Figures 1-3, when the material of the present invention is directed to one of the types of grips described in this application (e.g., a gun grip, tool grip, golf club grip, etc.), the grip 22 includes a grip body 318 having a generally tubular shape configured to cover a portion of the associated device. As such, the grip body 318 can have a generally circular, oval, rectangular, octagonal, polygonal cross-section or the like. The grip body 318 is formed by a reinforced elastomer material 10 that regulates and dissipates vibration. The grip body 318 defines a first direction Y, tangential to an outer surface 320 of the grip body 318, and a second direction Z, generally perpendicular to the outer surface 320 of the grip body 318.

[00157] The reinforced elastomer material 10 includes first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. A reinforcement layer 14 is disposed between and

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 generally separates the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. In some embodiments, the elastomer layer is generally free of voids and/or is a thermoset elastomer. The reinforcement layer 14 preferably includes a layer of high tensile strength fibrous material. The high tensile strength fibrous material can be woven into a cloth, chopped, or otherwise distributed. Instead of the reinforcement layer 14 being formed by high tensile strength fibrous material, the reinforcement layer 14 can be formed by a layer of fiberglass, aramid, or any other suitable material.

[00158] The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 is connected to the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers. This preferably prevents sliding movement between the reinforcement layer 14 and the elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The cloth layer is preferably generally compliant only in the second direction Z so as to be generally non energy storing in the second direction Z. The high tensile fibrous material generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first direction Y and into the first and second elastomer layers. This causes vibrational energy to be reduced and dampened rather than bounced back against the hand grasping the grip. [00159] While the grip 22 will be described below in connection with a baseball or softball bat, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the grip 22 can be used with any of the equipment, tools, or devices mentioned above without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

[00160] When the grip 22 is used with a baseball or softball bat, the grip 22 preferably covers approximately seventeen (17) inches of the handle of the bat as well as covers the knob (i.e., the proximal end 26 of the implement 20) of the bat. The configuration of the grip 22 to extend over a significant portion of the bat length contributes to increased vibrational damping. It is preferred, but not necessary, that the grip 22 be formed as a single, contiguous, one-piece member. [00161] The baseball bat (or implement 20) has a handle 24 including a handle body 28 having a longitudinal portion 30 and a proximal end 26. The material 10 preferably encases at least some of the longitudinal portion 30 and the proximal end 26 of the handle 24. The material 10 can be produced as a composite having two generally separate and distinct layers including a first elastomer layer 12A and a high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 (which may be a woven cloth layer 16) disposed on the elastomer layer 12A. The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 is preferably formed of woven fibers 18. The second elastomer layer 12B may be disposed on a major surface of the high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 opposite from the first elastomer layer

12A.

[00162] As best shown in Figure 2, a preferred grip 22 is adapted for use with an implement 20 having a handle and a proximal handle end. The grip 22 includes a tubular shell 32 having a distal open end 34 adapted to surround a portion of the handle and a closed proximal end 36 adapted to enclose the proximal end of the handle. The tubular shell 32 is preferably formed of the material 10 which dissipates vibration. The material 10 preferably has at least

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 two generally separate layers including a first elastomer layer 12A and a high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 (which fibers 18 may be woven to form a cloth layer 16) disposed on the first elastomer layer 12A.

[00163] Referring to Figures 17-22 and 24-30, when the material of the present invention is directed to one of the types of padding described above (e.g., speaker padding and/or insulation, shoe padding, electronic device cases, mouth guards, umpire protective gear, car interior padding, rollover bar padding, or the like, tool grip, golf club grip, etc.), the padding or item may include a panel 305 formed by a panel body 324 preferably having a generally planar shape. The panel body is preferably configured for placement in a particular location or for covering a portion of an associated device or object. It is preferable that the panel body is flexible so that shaped objects can be wrapped therein. As such, the panel body 324 may be bent around a generally circular, oval, rectangular, octagonal, or polygonal shaped object.

[00164] The panel body 324 is formed by a reinforced elastomer material that regulates and dissipates vibration. As shown in Figures 4 and 20, the panel body 324 defines a first direction Y, tangential, or parallel, to an outer surface of the padding body 324, and a second direction Z, generally perpendicular to the outer surface of the panel body. The reinforced elastomer material includes first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. A reinforcement layer 14 is disposed between and generally separates the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. In one embodiment the elastomer layers 12A, 12B are preferably free of voids and/or formed by a thermoset elastomer. The reinforcement layer 14 preferably

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 includes a layer of high tensile strength fibrous material. The high tensile strength fibrous material can be woven into a cloth, chopped, or otherwise distributed. Instead of the reinforcement layer 14 being formed by high tensile strength fibrous material, the reinforcement layer 14 can be formed by a layer of fiberglass, aramid, or any other suitable material. The high tensile strength fibrous material layer 14 is connected to the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. The reinforcement layer 14 is preferably generally compliant only in the second direction so as to be generally non energy storing in the second direction Z. The reinforcement layer 14 generally distributes impact energy parallel to the first direction Y and into the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. This causes vibrational energy to be reduced and dampened rather than bounced back. It is preferable that the reinforcement layer 14 prevents the padding from elongating during impact. The panel body 324 can form part or all of a cell phone case, a laptop case, a shoe sidewall, protective umpire gear, a mouth guard, knee pads, interior panels for automobiles or the like.

[00165] Multiple methods can be used to produce the composite or vibration dissipating material 10 of the present invention. One method is to extrude the material by pulling a high tensile strength fibrous cloth layer 16 from a supply roll while placing the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B on both sides of the woven high tensile strength fibrous cloth 16. A second method of producing the material 10 of the present invention is to mold the first elastomer layer 12A

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 onto the implement 20, then to weave an aramid fiber layer thereover, and then to mold the second elastomer layer 12B thereover.

[00166] Alternatively, a cloth layer 16 can be pressured fit to an elastomer layer to form the material 10. Accordingly, the cloth layer 16 can be generally embedded in or held in place by the elastomer layer. The pressured fitting of the reinforcement layer, or fabric layer, 14 to an elastomer preferably results in the reinforcement layer, or fabric layer, 14 being generally interlocked in and/or bonded in position by the elastomer. Thus, the cloth layer can be generally interlocked with the elastomer layer. It is preferable that the high tensile strength cloth generally not be able to slide laterally between the first and second elastomer layers. The cloth layer in the resulting material would be generally fixed in position. One of ordinary skill in the art would realize that the cloth layer 14 in the resulting material would be generally interlocked and/or bonded in position by the elastomer 12A, 12B. Alternatively, the material 10 can be assembled by using adhesive or welding to secure the elastomer layer(s) to the reinforced layer.

[00167] It is preferred that the woven high tensile strength fibers are connected to the first and second elastomer layers generally uniformly throughout to provide substantially complete coverage between the first and second thermoset elastomer layers. The cloth layer is generally non energy storing in a direction generally perpendicular to a major material surface. This results in the vibrational energy being generally evenly redistributed throughout the material by the cloth layer. This is due to the high tensile strength fibers

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 transmitting/storing energy unidirectionally along the length of the fiber and generally not storing energy in a direction generally perpendicular to the length of the fiber or perpendicular to a cloth layer formed by the fibers.

[00168] In other words, the cloth layer 16 is preferably compliant generally only in a direction generally perpendicular to a major material surface so as to be generally non energy storing in the direction perpendicular to the major material surface and to generally distribute energy parallel to the major material surface and into the first and second elastomer layers. The present invention preferably generally dissipates vibration throughout the material to prevent bounce back (e.g., to avoid having a runner's feet absorb too much vibration during athletics). [00169] In some cases the high tensile fibrous material can be pulped to form an imperforate sheet that may be secured in position between the first and second elastomer layers 12A, 12B. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that any known method of making composite or vibration dissipating materials can be used to form the material 10.

[00170] The covering of the proximal end of an implement 20 by the grip 22 results in reduced vibration transmission and in improved counter balancing of the distal end of the implement 20 by moving the center of mass of the implement 20 closer to the hand of a user (i.e., closer to the proximal end 26). This facilitates the swinging of the implement 20 and can improve sports performance while reducing the fatigue associated with repetitive motion.

[00171] Figures 3-4 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention.

As shown therein a cover in the form of a sleeve 210 is mounted on the handle or

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 lower portion 218 of a baseball bat 210. Sleeve 210 is premolded so that it can be fit onto the handle portion of the bat 212 in a quick and convenient maimer. This can be accomplished by having the sleeve 210 made of a stretchable or resilient material so that its upper end 214 would be pulled open and could be stretched to fit over the knob 217 of the bat 212. Alternatively, or in addition, sleeve 210 may be provided with a longitudinal slit 16 to permit the sleeve to be pulled at least partially open and thereby facilitate snapping the sleeve 210 over the handle 218 of the bat 212. The sleeve would remain mounted in place due to the tacky nature of the sleeve material and/or by the application of a suitable adhesive on the inner surface of the sleeve and/or on the outer surface of handle 218.

[00172] A characterizing feature of sleeve 210, as illustrated in Figures 3-4, is that the lower end of the sleeve includes an outwardly extending peripheral knob 2220. Knob 220 could be a separate cap snapped onto or secured in any other manner to the main portion of sleeve 210. Alternatively, knob 220 could be integral with and molded as part of the sleeve 210.

[00173] In a broad practice of this invention, sleeve 210 can be a single layer. The material would have the appropriate hardness and vibration dampening characteristics. The outer surface of the material would be tacky having high friction characteristics.

[00174] Alternatively, the sleeve 210 could be formed from a two layer laminate where the vibration absorbing material forms the inner layer disposed against the handle, with a separate tacky outer layer made from any suitable high friction material such as a thermoplastic material with polyurethane being

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 one example. Thus, the two layer laminate would have an inner elastomer layer which is characterized by its vibration dampening ability, while the main characteristic of the outer elastomer layer is its tackiness to provide a suitable gripping surface that would resist the tendency for the user's hand to slide off the handle. The provision of the knob 220 also functions both as a stop member to minimize the tendency for the handle to slip from the user's hand and to cooperate in the vibration dampening affect.

[00175] Figure 4 illustrates the preferred form of multilayer laminate which includes the inner vibration absorbing layer 222 and the outer tacky gripping layer 224 with an intermediate layer 226 made of a stiffening material which dissipates force. If desired layer 226 could be innermost and layer 224 could be the intermediate layer. A preferred stiffening material would be aramid fibers which could be incorporated in the material in any suitable manner as later described with respect to Figures 13-16. However, fiberglass or any high tensile strength fibrous material can be used as the stiffening material forming the layer. Additionally, in one embodiment, the stiffening layer is substantially embedded in or held in place by the elastomer layer(s).

[00176] Figure 5 schematically shows what is believed to be the affect of the shock forces from vibration when the implement makes contact such as from the bat 212 striking a ball. Figure 5 shows the force vectors in accordance with a three layer laminate, such as illustrated in Figure 4, wherein elastomeric layers

222,224 are made of a silicone material. The intermediate layer 226 is an aramid layer made of aramid fibers. The initial shock or vibration is shown by the

CA 02583309 2007-04-05

WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 lateral or transverse arrows 228 on each side of the sleeve laminate 210. This causes the elastomeric layers 222,224 to be compressed along the arc 230. The inclusion of the intermediate layer 226 made from a force dissipating material spreads the vibration longitudinally as shown by the arrows 232. The linear spread of the vibration causes a rebound effect which totally dampens the vibration.

[00177] Laboratory tests were carried out at a prominent university to evaluate various grips mounted on baseball bats. In the testing, baseball bats with various grips were suspended from the ceiling by a thin thread; this achieves almost a free boundary condition that is needed to determine the true characteristics of the bats. Two standard industrial accelerometers were mounted on a specially fabricated sleeve roughly in positions where the left hand and the right hand would grip the bat. A known force was delivered to the bat with a standard calibrated impact hammer at three positions, one corresponding to the sweet spot, the other two simulating miss hits located on the mid-point and shaft of the bat. The time history of the force as well as the accelerations were routed through a signal conditioning device and were connected to a data acquisition device. This was connected to a computer which was used to log the data.

[00178] Two series of tests were conducted. In the first test, a control bat (with a standard rubber grip, WORTH Bat - model #C405) was compared to identical bats with several Sting-Free grips representing practices of the invention. These Sting-Free grips were comprised of two layers of pure silicone

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 with various types of high tensile fibrous material inserted between the two layers of silicone. The types of KEVLAR, a type of aramid fiber that has high tensile strength, used in this test were referenced as follows: 005, 645, 120, 909. Also, a bat with just a thick layer of silicone but no KEVLAR was tested. With the exception of the thick silicone (which was deemed impractical because of the excessive thickness), the 645 bat showed the best reduction in vibration magnitudes.

[00179] The second series of tests were conducted using EASTON Bats (model #BK8) with the 645 KEVLAR in different combinations with silicone layers: The first bat tested was comprised of one bottom layer of silicone with a middle layer of the 645 KEVLAR and one top layer of silicone referred to as

111. The second bat test was comprised of two bottom layers of silicone with a middle layer of KEVLAR and one top layer of silicone referred to as 211 . The third bat tested was comprised of one bottom layer of silicone with a middle layer of KEVLAR and two top layers of silicone referred to as 112. The 645 bat with the 111 configuration showed the best reduction in vibration magnitudes. [00180] In order to quantify the effect of this vibration reduction, two criteria were defined: (I) the time it takes for the vibration to dissipate to an imperceptible value; and, (2) the magnitude of vibration in the range of frequencies at which the human hand is most sensitive.

[00181] The sting-free grips reduced the vibration in the baseball bats by both quantitative measures. In particular, the 645 KEVLAR in a 111 configuration was the best in vibration reduction. In the case of a baseball bat,

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 the 645 reduced the bat's vibration in about 1/5 the time it took the control rubber grip to do so. The reduction in peak magnitude of vibration ranged from 60% to 80%, depending on the impact location and magnitude.

[00182] It was concluded that the 645 KEVLAR grip in a 111 combination reduces the magnitude of sensible vibration by 80% that is induced in a baseball bat when a player hits a ball with it. This was found to be true for a variety of impacts at different locations along the length of the bat. Hence, a person using the Sting-Free grips of the invention would clearly experience a considerable reduction in the sting effect (pain) when using the Sting-free grip than one would with a standard grip.

[00183] In view of the above tests a particularly preferred practice of the invention involves a multilayer laminate having an aramid such as KEVLAR, sandwiched between layers of pure silicone. The above indicated tests show dramatic results with this embodiment of the invention. As also indicated above, however, the laminate could comprise other combinations of layers such as a plurality of bottom layers of silicone or a plurality of top layers of silicone, other variations include a repetitive laminate assembly wherein a vibration dampening layer is innermost with a force dissipating layer against the lower vibration dampening layer and then with a second vibration dampening layer over the force dissipating layer followed by a second force dissipating layer, etc. with the final laminate layer being a gripping layer which could also be made of vibration dampening material. Among the considerations in determining which laminate

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 should be used would be the thickness limitations and the desired vibration dampening properties.

[00184] The various layers could have different relative thicknesses. Preferably, the vibration dampening layer, such as layer 222, would be the thickest of the layers. The outermost gripping layer, however, could be of the same thickness as the vibration dampening layer, such as layer 224 shown in Figure 4 or could be a thinner layer since the main function of the outer layer is to provide sufficient friction to assure a firm gripping action. A particularly advantageous feature of the invention where a force dissipating stiffening layer is used is that the force dissipating layer could be very thin and still achieve its intended results. Thus, the force dissipating layer would preferably be the thinnest of the layers, although it might be of generally the same thickness as the outer gripping layer. If desired the laminate could also include a plurality of vibration dampening layers (such as thin layers of gel material) and/or a plurality of stiffening force dissipating layers. Where such plural layers are used, the various layers could differ in the thickness from each other.

[00185] Figures 3-4 show the use of the invention where the sleeve 210 is mounted over a baseball bat 212 having a knob 217. The same general type structure could also be used where the implement does not have a knob similar to a baseball bat knob. Figure 6, for example, illustrates a variation of the invention wherein the sleeve 210A would be mounted on the handle 218A of an implement that does not terminate in any knob. Such implement could be various types of athletic equipment, tools, etc. The sleeve 210 A, however, would still have a knob

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2220A which would include an outer gripping layer 224A, an intermediate force dissipating layer 226A and an inner vibration dampening layer 222A. In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the handle 218A extends into the knob 220A. Thus, the inner layer 222A would have an accommodating recess 34 for receiving the handle 218A. The inner layer 222A would also be of greater thickness in the knob area as illustrated.

[00186] Figure 7 shows a variation where the sleeve 210B fits over handle 218B without the handle 218B penetrating the knob 220B. As illustrated, the outer gripping layer 224B would be of uniform thickness both in the gripping area and in the knob. Similarly, the intermediate force dissipating layer 226B would also be of uniform thickness. The inner shock absorbing layer 222B, however, would completely occupy the portion of the knob inwardly of the force dissipating layer 226B since the handle 218B terminates short of the knob

2220B.

[00187] Figure 8 shows a variation of the invention where the gripping cover 236 does not include a knob. As shown therein, the gripping cover would be mounted over the gripping area of a handle 238 in any suitable manner and would be held in place either by a previously applied adhesive or due to the tacky nature of the innermost vibration dampening layer 240 or due to resilient characteristics of the cover 236. Additionally, the cover might be formed directly on the handle 238. Figure 10, for example, shows a cover 236B which is applied in the form of tape.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

[00188] As shown in Figure 8 the cover 236 includes one of the laminate variations where a force dissipating layer 242 is provided over the inner vibration dampening layer 240 with a second vibration dampening layer 244 applied over force dissipating layer 242 and with a final thin gripping layer 246 as the outermost layer. As illustrated, the two vibration dampening layers 240 and 244 are the thickest layers and may be of the same or differing thickness from each other. The force dissipating layer 242 and outer gripping layer 244 are significantly thinner.

[00189] Figure 9 shows a cover 236A mounted over a hollow handle 238A which is of non-circular cross-section. Handle 238A may, for example, have the octagonal shape of a tennis racquet.

[00190] Figure 10 shows a further cover 236B mounted over the handle portion of tool such as hammer 248. As illustrated, the cover 236B is applied in tape form and would conform to the shape of the handle portion of hammer 248. Other forms of covers could also be applied rather than using a tape. Similarly, the tape could be used as a means for applying a cover to other types of implements.

[00191] Figure 11 illustrates a cover 236C mounted over the end of a handlebar, such as the handlebar of various types of cycles or any other device having a handlebar including steering wheels for vehicles and the like. Figure 11 also illustrates a variation where the cover 236C has an outer contour with finger receiving recesses 252. Such recesses could also be utilized for covers of other types of implements.

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[00192] Figure 12 illustrates a variation of the invention where the cover 236D is mounted to the handle portion of an implement 254 with the extreme end 256 of the implement being bare. This illustration is to show that the invention is intended to provide a vibration dampening gripping cover for the handle of an implement and that the cover need not extend beyond the gripping area. Thus, there could be portions of the implement on both ends of the handle without having the cover applied to those portions.

[00193] In a preferred practice of the invention, as previously discussed, a force dissipating stiffening layer is provided as an intermediate layer of a multilayer laminate where there is at least one inner layer of vibration dampening material and an outer layer of gripping material with the possibility of additional layers of vibration dampening material and force dissipating layers of various thickness. As noted the force dissipating layer could be innermost. The invention may also be practiced where the laminate includes one or more layers in addition to the gripping layer and the stiffening layer and the vibration dampening layer. Such additional layer(s) could be incorporated at any location in the laminate, depending on its intended function (e.g., an adhesive layer, a cushioning layer, etc.).

[00194] The force dissipating layer could be incorporated in the laminate in various manners. Figure 13, for example, illustrates a force dissipating stiffening layer 258 in the form of a generally imperforate sheet. Figure 14 illustrates a force dissipating layer 260 in the form of an open mesh sheet. This is a particularly advantageous manner of forming the force dissipating layer where it

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 is made of KEVLAR fibers. Figure 15 illustrates a variation where the force dissipating layer 262 is formed from a plurality of individual strips of material 264 which are parallel to each other and generally identical to each other in length and thickness as well as spacing. Figure 16 shows a variation where the force dissipating layer 266 is made of individual strips 268 of different sizes and which could be disposed in a more random fashion regarding their orientation. Although all of the strips 268 are illustrated in Figure 14 as being parallel, nonparallel arrangements could also be used.

[00195] The vibration dampening grip cover of this invention could be used for a wide number of implements. Examples of such implements include athletic equipment, hand tools and handlebars. For example, such athletic equipment includes bats, racquets, sticks, javelins, etc. Examples of tools include hammers, screwdrivers, shovels, rakes, brooms, wrenches, pliers, knives, handguns, air hammers, etc. Examples of handlebars include motorcycles, bicycles and various types of steering wheels.

[00196] A preferred practice of this invention is to incorporate a force dissipating layer, particularly an aramid, such as KEVLAR fiber, into a composite with at least two elastomers. One elastomer layer would function as a vibration dampening material and the other outer elastomer layer which would function as a gripping layer. The outer elastomer layer could also be a vibration dampening material. Preferably, the outer layer completely covers the composite. [00197] There are an almost infinite number of possible uses for the composite of laminate of this invention. In accordance with the various uses the

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 elastomer layers may have different degrees of hardness, coefficient of friction and dampening of vibration. Similarly, the thicknesses of the various layers could also vary in accordance with the intended use. Examples of ranges of hardness for the inner vibration dampening layer and the outer gripping layer (which may also be a vibration absorbing layer) are 5-70 Durometer Shore A. One of the layers may have a range of 5-20 Durometer Shore A and the other a range of 30-70 Durometer Shore A for either of these layers. The vibration dampening layer could have a hardness of less than 5, and could even be a 000 Durometer reading. The vibration dampening material could be a gel, such as a silicone gel or a gel of any other suitable material. The coefficient of friction as determined by conventional measuring techniques for the tacky and non-porous gripping layer is preferably at least 0.5 and may be in the range of 0.6-1.5. A more preferred range is 0.7-1.2 with a still more preferred range being about 0.81. The outer gripping layer, when also used as a vibration dampening layer, could have the same thickness as the inner layer. When used solely as a gripping layer the thickness could be generally the same as the intermediate layer, which might be about 1/20 to 1/4 of the thickness of the vibration dampening layer. [00198] The grip cover of this invention could be used with various implements as discussed above. Thus, the handle portion of the implement could be of cylindrical shape with a uniform diameter and smooth outer surface such as the golf club handle 238 shown in Figure 6. Alternatively, the handle could taper such as the bat handle shown in Figures 3-4. Other illustrated geometric shapes include the octagonal tennis racquet handle 238A shown in Figure 9 or a

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 generally oval type handle such as the hammer 248 shown in Figure 10. The invention is not limited to any particular geometric shape. In addition, the implement could have an irregular shape such as a handle bar with finger receiving depressions as shown in Figure 11. Where the outer surface of the implement handle is of non-smooth configuration the inner layer of the cover could press against and generally conform to the outer surface of the handle and the outermost gripping layer of the cover could include its own finger receiving depressions. Alternatively, the cover may be of uniform thickness of a shape conforming to the irregularities in the outer surface of the handle.

[00199] Referring to Figures 31 and 32, the material 10 of the present invention can be used to form part of a headband 410. The headband preferably has a peripheral outer fabric layer 412 that forms a hollow tubular shape in which the material 10 is located. Space 420 represents schematically room for one or more layers of the material 10. A particular advantage of the headband 410 is that it lends itself more readily to acceptance by users, such as children, who prefer not to wear large and cumbersome head protective gear. Although Figure 1 shows the headband 410 to be a continuous endless flexible loop, it is to be understood that the invention could be incorporated in a headband or visor where the headband or visor does not extend completely around the head three hundred and sixty degrees. Instead, the headband or visor could be made of a stiff springy material having a pair of free ends 428 separated by a gap 426. [00200] Figure 33 shows panels 305 of material 10 incorporated into a helmet 430. The panels include temple and ear covering panels 305A; forehead

CA 02583309 2007-04-05

WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 covering panels 305B; neck panels 305C; and top panels 305D. Figure 34 shows a cyclist helmet 432 with air vents 434 therein. A broken away portion of the top of the cyclist helmet shows the integration of at least one panel 305 with the helmet 432. Although two particular types of helmets are specifically discussed, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that the material 10 can be incorporated into any type of hat (such as a hard hat or a baseball cap), helmet (such as a paintball helmet, a batting helmet, a motorcycle helmet, or an army helmet) or the like without departing from the present invention. The panel 305 can be a lining for hard shell headgear, for a shell, or for a soft cap.

[00201] Figures 37 and 38 illustrate a shirt 440 and pants 444 incorporating panels 305 formed of the material 10 of the present invention. A preferred crosssection of the panels 305 is shown in Figure 23. The shirt panels 305 can vary in number and position as desired. The pants 444 preferably include multiple panels 305, including a thigh protection panel 305F; a hip protection panel 305E; and a rear protection panel 305G.

[00202] As detailed above, the material 10 of the present invention can be used to form gloves or to form panels 305 incorporated into gloves. The preferred cross-section of the glove panels 305 is also shown in Figure 23. Figure 35 illustrates a glove 436 suitable for both baseball and softball that uses panels 305 to provide protection to a palm area 437. Figure 36 illustrates a weightlifting glove 438 having panels 305 of the material 10 thereon. 9 illustrates a golf glove 446 having at least one panel 305 thereon. Figure 40 illustrates the type of glove

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448 used for rope work or by rescue services personnel with panels 305 of the material 10 of the present invention. Figure 41 shows a batting glove 450 with panels 305 thereon. The material 10 can also be used to form panels 305 for women's dress gloves 452 or ski mittens 454, as shown in Figures 42 and 43. Lacrosse gloves 456 and boxing gloves 458 can also be formed entirely of the material 10 of the present invention or can incorporate panels 305 of the material

10. Although specific types of gloves have been mentioned above, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the material 10 of the present invention can be incorporated into any type of gloves, athletic gloves, dress gloves, or mittens without departing from the scope of the present invention. [00203] With reference to Figures 46-51 in particular, it is preferred that the material 810 have a single contiguous elastomer body 812. Referring to Figure 46, the support structure has first and second major surfaces 823, 825. In one embodiment, the elastomer 812 extends through the support structure 817 so that the portion of the elastomer 812A contacting the first major support structure surface 823 (i.e., the top of the support structure 817) and the portion of the elastomer 812B contacting the second major support structure surface 825 (i.e., the bottom of the support structure) form the single contiguous elastomer body 812. Elastomer material provides vibration damping by dissipating vibrational energy. Suitable elastomer materials include, but are not limited, urethane rubbers, silicone rubbers, nitrile rubbers, butyl rubbers, acrylic rubbers, natural rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, and the like. In general, any

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 suitable elastomer or polymer material can be used to form the vibration dissipating layer 812.

[00204] Referring to Figures 47-51, the support structure 817 can be any one (or combination of) of a polymer, an elastomer, a plurality of fibers, a plurality of woven fibers, and a cloth. If the support structure 817 and the layer 812 are both polymers or both elastomers, then they can be the same or different from each other without departing from the scope of the present invention. If vibration dissipating material is 812 if formed of the same material as the support structure 817, then the support structure 817 can be made more rigid than the main layer 812 by embedding fibers 814 therein. It is preferable that the support structure 817 is generally more rigid than the vibration dissipating material 812. [00205] Referring specifically to Figure 48, the support structure 817 may be formed of an elastomer that may but does not necessarily, also have fibers 814 embedded therein (exemplary woven fibers are shown throughout portions of Figure 8). Referring to Figure 49, the support structure 817 may be formed by a plurality of woven fibers 818. Referring to Figure 50, the support structure 817 may be formed by a plurality of fibers 814. Regardless of the material forming the support structure 817, it is preferable that passageways 819 extend into the support structure 817 to allow the elastomer 812 to penetrate and embed the support structure 817. The term “embed,” as used in the claim and in the corresponding portions of the specification, means “contact sufficiently to secure thereon and/or therein.”

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[00206] Accordingly, the support structure 817 shown in Figure 47A is embedded by the elastomer 812 even though the elastomer 812 does not fully enclose the support structure 817. Additionally, as shown in Figure 47B, the support structure 817 can be located at any level or height within the elastomer 812 without departing from the scope of the present invention. While the passageways 819 are shown as extending completely through the support structure 817, the invention includes passageways 819 that extend partially through the support structure 817.

[00207] Referring again to Figure 47A, in one embodiment, it is preferred that the support structure 817 be embedded on the elastomer 812, with the elastomer penetrating the support structure 817. The support structure 817 being generally along a major material surface 838 (i.e., the support structure 817 is generally along the top of the material).

[00208] The fibers 814 are preferably, but not necessarily, formed of aramid fibers. Referring to Figure 49, the fibers 814 can be woven to form a cloth 816 that is disposed on and/or within the elastomer 812. The cloth layer 816 can be formed of woven aramid fibers or other types of fiber. The aramid fibers 814 block and redirect vibrational energy that passes through the elastomer 812 to facilitate the dissipation of vibrations. The aramid fibers 818 redirect vibrational energy along the length of the fibers 818. Thus, when the plurality of aramid fibers 818 are woven to form the cloth 816, vibrational energy emanating from the implement 820 that is not absorbed or dissipated by the elastomer layer 812

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 is redistributed evenly along the material 810 by the cloth 816 and preferably also further dissipated by the cloth 816.

[00209] It is preferable that the aramid fibers 818 are formed of a suitable polyamide fiber of high tensile strength with a high resistance to elongation. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that any aramid fiber suitable to channel vibration can be used to form the support structure 817 without departing from scope of the present invention. Additionally, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that loose aramid fibers or chopped aramid fibers can be used to form the support structure 817 without departing from the scope of the present invention. The aramid fibers may also be formed of fiberglass or the like.

[00210] When the aramid fibers 818 are woven to form the cloth 816, it is preferable that the cloth 816 include at least some floating aramid fibers 818. That is, it is preferable that at least some of the plurality of aramid fibers 818 are able to move relative to the remaining aramid fibers 818 of the cloth 816. This movement of some of the aramid fibers 818 relative to the remaining fibers of the cloth converts vibrational energy to heat energy.

[00211] With reference to Figures 52-53, the elastomer layer 912 acts as a shock absorber by converting mechanical vibrational energy into heat energy. The embedded support structure 917 redirects vibrational energy and provides increased stiffness to the material 910 to facilitate a user's ability to control an implement 920 encased, or partially encased, by the material 910. The elastomer layer 912, 912A, or 912B may include a plurality of fibers 914 (further described

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 below) or a plurality of particles 915 (further described below). The incorporation of the support structure 917 on and/or within the material 910 allows the material 910 to be formed by a single elastomer layer without the material 910 being unsuitable for at least some of the above-mentioned uses. The support structure 917 may also include a plurality of fibers 914 or a plurality of particles 915. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that additional layers of material can be added to any of the embodiments of the present invention disclosed below without departing from the scope of the invention.

[00212] In the situation where the support structure 917 is formed by a second elastomer layer, the two elastomer layers can be secured together via an adhesive layer, discreet adhesive locations, or using any other suitable method to secure the layers together. Regardless of the material used to form the support structure 917, the support structure is preferably located and configured to support the first elastomer layer (see Figures 53-53B).

[00213] It is preferred that the material 910 have a single contiguous elastomer body 912. Referring to Figure 52, the support structure has first and second major surfaces 923, 925. In one embodiment, the elastomer 912 extends through the support structure 917 so that the portion of the elastomer 912A contacting the first major support structure surface 923 (i.e., the top of the support structure 917) and the portion of the elastomer 912B contacting the second major support structure surface 925 (i.e., the bottom of the support structure) form the single contiguous elastomer body 912. Elastomer material

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 provides vibration damping by dissipating vibrational energy. Suitable elastomer materials include, but are not limited, urethane rubbers, silicone rubbers, nitrile rubbers, butyl rubbers, acrylic rubbers, natural rubbers, styrenebutadiene rubbers, and the like. In general, any suitable elastomer or polymer material can be used to form the vibration dissipating layer 912.

[00214] Referring to Figure 53A, in one embodiment, it is preferred that the support structure 917 be embedded on the elastomer 912, with the elastomer penetrating the support structure 917. The support structure 917 being generally along a major material surface 938 (i.e., the support structure 917 is generally along the top of the material).

[00215] The fibers 914 are preferably, but not necessarily, formed of aramid fibers. However, the fibers can be formed from any one or combination of the following: bamboo, glass, metal, elastomer, polymer, ceramics, com husks, and/or any other renewable resource. By using fibers from renewable resources, production costs can be reduced and the environmental friendliness of the present invention can be increased.

[00216] Particles 915 can be located in either an elastomer layer 912,912A, and/or 912B and/or in the support structure 915. The particles 915 increase the vibration absorption of the material of the present invention. The particles 915 can be formed of pieces of glass, polymer, elastomer, chopped aramid, ceramic, chopped fibers, sand, gel, foam, metal, mineral, glass beads, or the like. Gel particles 915 provide excellent vibration dampening due their low durometer rating. One exemplary gel that is suitable for use the present invention is

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 silicone gel. However, any suitable gel can be used without departing from the present invention.

[00217] In addition to use with implements, sleeves, covers, and the like described above, the material can be used as an athletic tape, padding, bracing material, or the like (as shown in Figures 69-78) without departing from the scope of the present invention. Referring to Figures 69-78; an athletic tape for wrapping a portion of a person's body; a material having a stretch axis and being adapted to regulate energy by disputing and partially dissipating energy exerted thereon; a padding for covering a portion of a person's body or an object; and/or a brace for wrapping a portion of a person's body is shown.

[00218] When the material of the present invention is used to form athletic tape, that athletic tape provides a controlled support for a portion of the person's body. The athletic tape includes a tape body 64 that is preferably stretchable along a longitudinal axis 48 (or stretch axis 50) from a first position to a second position, in which the tape body 64 is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position.

[00219] Figures 54 and 56 illustrate another embodiment of the material of the present invention in the first and second positions, respectively. Figures 57 and 58 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the material of the present invention in the first and second positions, respectively.

[00220] As described below, the configuration of the support structure 17 within the vibration absorbing layer 12 allows the predetermined amount of elongation to be generally fixed so that the athletic tape provides a controlled

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 support that allows limited movement before applying a brake on further movement of the wrapped portion of a person's body. This facilitates movement of a wrapped joint while simultaneously dissipating and absorbing vibration to allow superior comfort and performance as compared to that experienced with conventional athletic tape. While the predetermined amount of elongation can be set to any value, it is preferably less than twenty (20%) percent. The predetermined amount of elongation is more preferably less than two (2%) percent. However, depending on the application any amount of elongation can be used with the material 10 of the present invention.

[00221] The tape body 64 preferably includes a first elastomer layer 12 that defines a tape length 66, as measured along the longitudinal axis 48, of the tape body 64. The support structure 17 is preferably disposed within the elastomer layer 12 generally along the longitudinal axis 48 in an at least partially non linear fashion while the tape body is in the first position so that a length of the support structure 17, as measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the tape length 66 of the first elastomer layer 12. It is preferred, by not necessary, that the support structure 17 (or ribbon material) is positioned in a generally sinusoidal fashion within the elastomer layer 12 while the tape body 64 is in the first position. However, the support structure 17 can be positioned in an irregular fashion without departing from the scope of the present invention. As described above, the support structure 17 and/or the elastomer layer 12 can include particles, fibers, or the like (as shown in Figures 12 and 13).

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[00222] Referring to Figures 56 and 58, when the tape body 64 is stretched into the second position, the support structure 17 is preferably at least partially straightened so that the support structure 17 is more linear (or in the case of other materials, the support structure 17 would likely be thinner), relative to when the tape body 64 is in the first position. The straightening of the support structure causes energy to be dissipated and preferably generally prevents further elongation of the elastomer layer 12 along the longitudinal axis 48 past the second position. Energy dissipation occurs due to the stretching of the material of the support structure 17 and can occur due to the separation or partial pulling away of the support structure 17 from the attached elastomer layer 12.

[00223] Referring to Figure 55, the overall support structure 17 may comprise a plurality of stacked support structures, fibers 18, and/or cloth layers 16. It is preferred that the plurality of fibers include aramid fibers or other high tensile strength fibrous material. Alternatively, the plurality of fibers may be formed of fiberglass material or be woven into a ribbon or cloth. The support structure can include any one (or combination) of a polymer, an elastomer, particles; fibers; woven fibers; a cloth; a plurality of cloth layers; loose fibers, chopped fibers, gel particles, particles, sand, or the like without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[00224] As detailed above, the support structure, 17 and/or the elastomer layer 12 may include a plurality of particles therein. Such particles may include any one or combination of gel particles, sand particles, glass beads, chopped

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 fibers, metal particles, foam particles, sand, or any other particle in parting desirable vibration dissipation characteristics to the material 10.

[00225] Referring to Figures 54 and 55, it is preferred that the tape body 64 have top and bottom surfaces 68A, 68B, respectively. The bottom surface 68B faces the portion of the person's body when the athletic tape 710 is wrapped thereover. When the support structure 717 is formed by a plurality of fibers 718, it is preferable that the plurality of fibers 718 define multiple stacked fiber layers between the top and bottom surfaces 768A, 768B. It is preferable that the plurality of fibers 718 are stacked between four (4) and sixteen (16) times between the top and bottom surfaces 768A, 768B. It is more preferable still that the plurality of fibers are stacked ten (10) times. As described above, the plurality of fibers 718 may include metal fibers, high tensile strength fibrous material, ceramic fibers, polymer fibers, elastomer fibers, or the like without departing from the scope of the present invention. As shown in Figure 764, the support structure 717 may be disposed only partially within or on the elastomer layer generally along the longitudinal axis without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[00226] Referring again to Figures 54-58, the material of the present invention can be an all purpose material for use as desired by a person to regulate energy by distributing and partially dissipating energy exerted thereon. When the material 710 of the present is used as an all purpose material, the all purpose material 710 includes a material body 770 that is elongateable along the stretch axis 750 from a first position (shown in Figures 54 and 57) to a second

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 position (shown in Figures 55 and 58), in which the material body 770 is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position. The stretch axis 750 is preferably determined during manufacturing by the orientation and geometry of the support structure 717 which preferably limits the directions in which the material body 770 can elongate. If multiple separate material bodies 770 are stacked together, it may be desirable to have the stretch axis 750 of the individual material bodies 770 oriented askew from each other.

[00227] The first elastomer layer 712 defines a material length 772, as measured along the stretch axis 750 of the material body 770. The support structure 717 is preferably disposed within the elastomer layer 712 generally along the stretch axis 750 in an at least partially non linear fashion while the material body 770 is in the first position so that a length of the support structure, as measured along the surface thereof, is greater than the material length 772 of the first elastomer layer. When the material body 770 is elongated into the second position, the support structure 717 is at least partially straightened so that the support structure is more linear, relative to when the material body 770 is in the first position.

[00228] The support structure 717 is preferably positioned in a sinusoidal fashion within any of the materials 710 of the present invention. The support structure 717 or ribbon may also be positioned in the form of a triangular wave, square wave, or an irregular fashion without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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[00229] Any of the materials of the present invention may be formed with an elastomer layer 712 formed by silicone or any other suitable material. Depending upon the application, the vibration absorbing material 712 may be a thermoset and/or may be free of voids therein.

[00230] Any of the embodiments of the material 710 can be used as an implement cover, grip, athletic tape, an all purpose material, a brace, and/or padding. When the material 710 of the present invention is used as part of a padding, the padding includes a padding body 774 that is elongateable along the stretch axis from a first position to a second position, in which the padding body 774 is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position. The padding includes a first elastomer layer 712 which defines a padding length 776, as measured along the stretch axis 750 of the padding body 774.

[00231] The support structure 717 is disposed within the elastomer layer 712 generally along the stretch axis 750 in an at least partially non linear fashion while the padding body 774 is in the first position so that a length of the support structure 717, is measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the padding length 776 of the first elastomer layer 712. When the padding body 774 is elongated into the second position, the support structure 717 is at least partially straightened so that the support structure is more linear, relative to when the padding body 774 is in the first position. The straightening of the support structure 717 causes energy to be dissipated and generally prevents further elongation of the elastomer layer along the stretch axis 750 past the second position.

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[00232] When the materials 710 of the present invention are incorporated as part of a brace, the brace provides a controlled support for a wrapped portion of a person's body. The brace includes a brace body 778 that is elongateable along the stretch axis 750 from a first position to a second position, in which the brace body 778 is elongated by a predetermined amount relative to the first position. The brace body includes a first elastomer layer 712 that defines a brace length 780, as measured along the stretch axis 750, of the brace body 778.

[00233] The support structure 717 is preferably disposed within the elastomer layer generally along the stretch axis 750 in an at least partially non linear fashion while the brace body 778 is in the first position so that a length of the support structure 717, as measured along a surface thereof, is greater than the brace length 780 of the first elastomer layer 712. When the brace body 778 is stretched into the second position, the support structure 717 is at least partially straightened so that the support structure 717 is more linear, relative to when the brace body 778 is in the first position. The straightening of the support structure 717 causes energy to be dissipated and preferably generally prevents further elongation of the elastomer layer 712 along the stretch axis past the second position. Those ordinarily skilled in the art will appreciate that any of the materials 710 of the present invention may be formed into a one piece brace that provides a controlled support as described above without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[00234] Referring to Figures 54 and 57, depending upon the geometry of the support structure 717 when the material 710 is in the first position, the amount

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 of stretch of the material 710 can be selected. It is preferred that the percentage increase in the material length when the body 764, 770, 774, 778 moves from the first position to the second position is selected based on a desired range of motion. When the material 710 is configured as an athletic tape, the athletic tape may be wrapped about a portion of a person's body multiple times, if necessary, to form a brace. Alternatively, a single layer of material 710 can be wrapped on a person and secured in place using conventional athletic tape or the like. It is preferable that the successive wrappings of athletic tape are affixed to each other to form a generally one piece brace. This can be accomplished by using tape that is self fusing to allow multiple adjacent wrappings of the athletic tape to fuse together to form an integral piece. One method of fusing wrappings of the athletic tape is for the elastomer layer of each of the multiple adjacent wrappings to contact the elastomer layer of the adjacent wrappings to fuse together to form a single elastomer layer. Self fusing technology can be used with any of the materials 710 of the present invention and can be used in any of the applications for which those materials are suitable. By way of non limiting example, self fusing material 710 can be used with baseball bats, lacrosse sticks, tennis rackets, gun covers and wraps, implements, sports implements, tape, padding, braces, or the like.

[00235] Referring to Figures 59, 60, and 62, adhesive 52 may be used to connect the support structure 717 to the vibration absorbing material 712. Referring to Figures 60-62, air gaps 760 can be present proximate to the support structure 717 without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774

Referring to Figure 60, the material can be secured at its peak 762 to the vibrating absorbing material 712 or can be secured only at its ends with the vibration absorbing material 712 forming a protective sheath for the support structure 717 which would act as an elastic member in this instance.

[00236] Figures 65-68 illustrate the material 710 of the present invention incorporating a shrink layer 758 which can be used to secure the material 710 in position. Additionally, the shrinkable layer 758 may be configured to break when a certain stress threshold is reached to provide further energy dissipation. Referring to Figure 67, a shrinkable layer 758 is in its pre-shrink configuration. Referring to Figure 68, once the shrinkable layer 758 has been activated, the shrinkable layer 758 preferably deforms about one side of the support structure 717 to hold the material 710 in position. The shrinkable layer 758 can be heat or water activated. Alternative known activation methods are also suitable for use with the present invention.

[00237] Figure 62 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention in which the vibration absorbing layer 712 is configured to break apart during the elongation of the support structure 717 to allow for greater energy dissipation.

[00238] Any of the materials 710 of the present invention can be used in conjunction with additional layers of rigid or flexible materials without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the materials 710 of the present invention may be used with a hard shell outer layer which is designed to dissipate impact energy over the entire material 710 prior to the material 710

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WO 2006/041892 PCT/US2005/035774 deforming to dissipate energy. One type of rigid material that can be used in combination with the materials 710 of the present invention is molded foam. Molded foam layers preferably include multiple flex seams that allow portions of the foam layer to at least partially move relative to each other even though the overall foam layer is a single body of material. This is ideal for turning an impact force into a more general blunt force that is spread over a larger area of the material 710. Alternatively, individual foam pieces, buttons, rigid squares, or the like can be directly attached to an outer surface of any of the materials 710 of the present invention. Alternatively, such foam pieces, buttons, rigid squares, or the like can be attached to a flexible layer or fabric that will dissipate received impact energy over the length of the fabric fibers prior to the dissipation of energy by the material 710.

[00239] It is recognized by those skilled in the art, that changes may be made to the above-described embodiments of the invention without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. For example, the material 10 may include additional layers (e.g., five or more layers) without departing from the scope of the claimed present invention. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications which are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and/or shown in the attached drawings.