System and method for controlling and monitoring communication between customers and customer service representatives

1System and Method for Controlling and Monitoring Communication Between Customers and Customer

Service Representatives

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling and monitoring of communication between customers and a company's customer service representatives. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for controlling, via a data network, the distribution of customer requests for assistance to various customer service representatives, and for monitoring of the communication between customers and customer service representatives via a voice network.

2. Description of the Related Art

Traditionally, calls by customers to a company's customer service center are not handled by a special system, but are typical telephone calls to one or more customer service telephone numbers designated by the company. The calls are answered by customer service to address customers¹ representatives questions and trained problems

To improve customer satisfaction some of the calls are monitored so that the performance of the customer service representatives may be evaluated. The monitoring is commonly performed by individuals specially trained to serve as mentors for the-customer service representatives.

An increasing number of companies have established a plurality of remote customer service centers respectively located in different physical the customer reach. More locations. For example, a company may have customer service centers in each of several countries. Each of the customer service centers may be dedicated to a particular function, such as sales or technical support, or may be dedicated to a particular geographical area, such as North America. Each customer service center typically has a separate telephone number. This approach to handling customer calls is problematic in several ways. First, a customer may not know the particular telephone number for service center he is trying to importantly, the customer may not even know which of the company's customer service centers is appropriate for his particular needs. As a result, a customer must often make several telephone calls to various customer service centers before finding one with a customer service representative capable of assisting him. The problem is exacerbated when the customer is calling from another country and speaks another language. As the customer service center telephone numbers are generally toll-free, the above approach can be quite expensive for the company. In addition, a particular customer service center may have a high volume of calls with long waiting times for assistance, while another customer service center has a low volume of calls, and thus many available customer service representatives.

Another disadvantage of the standard approach to responding to customer requests for communication with customer service representatives is the difficulty of monitoring the customer

3particular customer Furthermore, with a service representatives located at remote customer service centers. The current approach of having one or more monitors at each customer service center is inefficient and expensive. Remote monitoring using conventional telephone features is an improvement over the previous approach, but it is still impractical since there is no way for the monitor to make a decision about which call to monitor other than by random selection of a service representative, standard remote monitoring scheme a monitor has no control over incoming calls from customers, making it impossible for the monitor to re-direct calls to other customer service centers in case of an emergency, such as a particular customer center loosing its telephone connection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The disadvantages and limitations discussed above are overcome by the present invention.

The system of the present invention automatically selects, in response to a customer's request for communication, a customer service center and a customer service representative based on the customer's needs and efficiency system of the present a monitor to control the initiation of a communication between the selected customer service representative and the customer, enables the monitor to selectively monitor the communication between the customer and the selected customer service representative, and also enables a monitor to control the automatic selection of considerations. The invention also enables

-4customer service centers and customer service representatives .

In accordance with the present invention, a customer uses a customer computer system to access a company computer system via a data network and requests contact with a customer service representative. The customer may then select one or more customer preferences from a list of customer preferences provided by the company computer system. The company computer system then automatically selects a customer service center and a customer service representative in accordance with the customer preferences selected by the customer (if any), and a set of selection criteria stored in the one or more company computer system databases .

A monitor, using a monitor computer system, is also connected to the company computer system via the data network. The monitor is notified by the company computer system when a customer service center and a customer service representative are selected by the company computer system, and is also notified of the selection criteria used by the company computer system in making the selection. The monitor may then choose to monitor or to not monitor the communication. The monitor may then choose to accept or to change the customer service center or customer service representative selected by the company computer system. Once a customer service representative has been selected by the company computer system or by the monitor, the company computer system causes a telecommunication control device to connect the customer, the

-5selected customer service representative, and the monitor via a voice network. Thus, the monitor may readily monitor the communication between the customer and the selected customer service representative. Xf the monitor is not available, or if the monitor chooses not to monitor the communication, the company computer system causes the telecommunication control device to connect the customer and the selected customer service representative, and then records the communication therebetween for future review by the monitor. The monitor may also use the monitor computer system to add, change or delete the various selection criteria stored in the company computer system.

As an alternative embodiment, during the voice communication with the customer or at another time, the selected customer service representative may use a customer service representative computer system to initiate data communication with the customer computer system to provide the customer with additional assistance. If the monitor is monitoring the voice communication, the monitor may use the monitor computer system to also monitor the data communication to and from the customer service representative computer system.

Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the invention, for which reference should be made to the appended claims.

-6BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system for controlling and monitoring of customer communication with customer service representatives in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structured data representation of a customer preference database;

FIG. 3 is a structured data representation of a customer service center selection criteria database;

FIG. 4 is a structured data representation of a customer service representative selection criteria database; and

FIGS. 5 and 6 are logic flow diagrams representative of the functional operation of the system of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED

EMBODIMENTS

Before describing the system of the present invention it would be helpful to discuss the various entities, as identified herein, which interact with the system. A company is any organization which sells, markets, or distributes products or services to customers. For example, the company may be a wholesale or retail business, an educational institution, a government office or a multi-national corporation.

A customer service center (CSC) is a subset of the company which is dedicated to providing information to customers about the company's products or services, and to providing other forms

-7of assistance to customers. Most companies have one or more CSCs organized, for example, by geographical area and/or by an area of expertise. For example, one CSC may be a technical support center for the company's products, while another CSC may provide all customer services in a particular country.

The CSCs are staffed by one or more customer service representatives¹' (CSRs) who are trained to answer questions about the company's products or services and to provide other forms of assistance to customers. A monitor is an individual who serves as a mentor to the CSRs, and who evaluates the performance of the company's CSRs. In accordance with the present invention, the monitor is also able to control the routing of customer requests for information or assistance to particular CSCs and CSRs. Furthermore, the monitor may be located in a different geographic location from the company's CSCs.

A customer is an individual who requires information about the company's products or services or who requires assistance from the company's CSRs in connection with a particular problem.

Referring now to the drawings, and initially to FIG. 1 thereof, a voice network 10 is preferably a switched telephone network, but may be any switched telecommunications medium suitable for voice communication, such as a cellular or a satellite-based network. A customer voice communication device 16 is preferably a telephone. The customer voice communication device 16 is connected to the voice network 10 via a telecommunication medium, such as a standard phone line or a wireless (e.g., cellular) link for placing and receiving telephone calls. A monitor voice communication device 36 is preferably a telephone. The monitor voice communication device 36 is also connected to the voice network 10 via a telecommunication medium such a standard phone line or a wireless link for placing and receiving telephone calls. A first CSC voice system 20 (shown as CSC_VS_1 20 in FIG. 1) is preferably a switched business telephone network with multiple connected telephone lines, such as a PBX system. The CSC_VS_1 20 is associated with a particular CSC. For example, the CSC_VS_1 20 may be physically located in the company's technical support center, or in the company's North American CSC. A selected group of the CSC_VS_1 20 telephone lines (not shown) is preferably allocated to a group of customer service representatives (CSRs). Each of the allocated telephone lines is connected to a voice communication device of a particular CSR. Three such CSR voice communication devices are shown in FIG. 1: CSR_1 22, CSR_2 24 and CSR_3 26. Each of the CSR voice communication devices is preferably a telephone with a unique identifier, such as an extension number. For example, CSR_1 22, may be the telephone of a technical support representative named Bob Jones with extension 3445, while CSR_2 24, may be the telephone of a customer sales associate John Smith with extension 3446. The CSC_VS_1 20 is preferably connected to the voice

-9network 10 for variously routing telephone calls to and from the CSR_1 22, CSR_2 24, and CSR_3 26.

Similarly, a second CSC voice system 28 (shown as CSC_VS_2 28 in FIG. 1) is preferably a switched business telephone network with multiple connected telephone lines, such as a PBX system. The CSC_VS_2 28 is associated with a particular CSC. A selected group of the CSC_VS_2 28 telephone lines is preferably allocated to a group of CSRs. Each of the allocated telephone lines is connected to a voice communication device of a particular CSR. Two such CSR voice communication devices are shown in FIG. 1: CSR_4 30 and CSR_5 32. Each of the CSR voice communication devices is preferably a telephone with a unique identifier, such as an extension number. The CSC_VS_2 28 is preferably connected to the voice network 10 for routing telephone calls to and from the CSR_4 3 0 and the CSR_5 32.

While three and two CSR voice communication devices (CSR_1 20 through CSR_3 26 and CSR_4 30 through CSR_5 32) are shown in FIG. 1 for each of the voice systems CSC_VS_1 20 and CSC_VS_2 28 respectively, it should be understood that one or more CSR voice communication devices may be connected to each CSC voice system. The maximum number of CSR voice communication devices which may be connected to a CSC voice system is practically limited only by its telephone line capacity. Furthermore, while two CSC voice systems, CSC_1 and CSC_2 are shown in FIG. 1, the number of CSC voice systems which may be connected to the voice network 10 is limited only by the company's resources.

Alt ernat ively, CSR, the CSC communication where a CSC consists of a single voice system may be a CSR voice device connected directly to the voice network 10.

A customer computer system 18 is preferably a computer with one or more input devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse (not shown), a display (not shown) and a data communication device, such as a modem (not shown) . A data network 12 is preferably the Internet, but may also be any wide area data network. For example, the data network 12 may comprise a group of local area networks (LANs) connected by custom high speed telecommunication lines, such as T3 lines. The customer computer system 18 is preferably connected to the data network 12 via a telecommunication medium, such as a standard phone line, a wireless (e.g., cellular) link, or via telecommunication medium such Services Digital Network (ISDN) for enabling bi-directional data communications with other computer systems connected to the data network 12, and more specifically with a company computer system 14. The customer computer system 18 enables a customer to access the company computer system 14 via the data network 12 in order to request contact with a company's customer service representative.

The company computer system 14 is preferably a network server, with a long-term data storage device, such as one or more hard disk drives (not shown), and one or more data communication devices, such as modems or high speed network gateways (not a high throughput as an Integrated line or a T1 line shown). The company computer system 14 also has a memory (not shown) for storing a control program which controls its operation and for storing an interactive interface program. The company computer system 14 may also be a distributed computer system, such as a LAN, with the capabilities described above. The company computer system 14 is preferably connected to the data network 12 via a high throughput telecommunication medium, such as an ISDN line or T1 line for enabling bi-directional data communication with other computer systems also connected to the data network 12. A connection to the data network 12 via a high throughput telecommunication medium is particularly advantageous for the company computer system 14 because it provides sufficient bandwidth to handle a large number of accesses by other computer systems concurrently connected to the company computer system 14 via the data network 12, such as the customer computer system 18. The company computer system 14 allows a customer, using the customer computer system 18 connected to the company computer system 14 via the data network 12, to view information about a company, its products, and its services stored in the company computer system 14 long term data shown). Most importantly, system 14 enables the connected customer to request contact with a company’s customer service representative through the company computer system 14 interactive interface (not shown).

The company computer system 14 also incorporates three databases, stored in the long storage device (not the company computer

-12term data storage device (not shown), for enabling the company computer system 14 to automatically select a particular CSC voice system and a particular CSR for communication with the customer in accordance with one or more sets of selection criteria stored in the databases and in response to the customer's request for contact. Examples of these databases are shown in FIGS. 2-4.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a

CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES database 50 contains a set of selection criteria pertaining to customer preferences. Examples of customer preferences include, but are not limited to, a particular language, a specific type of information wanted, or even a specific CSR at a specific CSC. The company computer system 14 enables the customer to select one or more customer preferences from the CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES database 50 for use by the company computer system 14 as selection criteria. For example, a customer who wishes to speak to a technical support CSR who has helped him previously may select that CSR as a customer preference.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a CSC_CRITERIA database 60 contains a set of selection criteria pertaining to the automatic selection of a specific CSC. Examples of CSC selection criteria include, but are not limited to, the location of a CSC relative to the location of the requesting customer, the call volume to various CSCs, and the overall performance rating of each CSC.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a CSR_CRITERIA database 70 contains a set of selection criteria pertaining to the automatic selection of a specific

-13CSR. Examples of CSR selection criteria include, but are not limited to, a CSR's area of expertise, a CSR's availability, and a CSR's performance rating. For example, a particular CSR may be unavailable because she is on vacation.

Returning now to FIG. 1, a monitor computer system 38 is preferably a computer with one or more input devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse (not shown) , a display (not shown) and a data communication device, such as a modem (not shown) .

The monitor computer system 38 is preferably connected to the data network 12 via a telecommunication medium, such as a standard phone line, a wireless link, or via a high throughput telecommunications medium such as an ISDN line or Tl line for enabling bi-directional data communications with other computer systems connected to the data network 12, and more specifically with the company computer system 14. Preferably, the company computer system 14 contacts the monitor computer system 38 via the data network 12 when it selects a particular CSR from a particular CSC for contact with a customer. The monitor may use the monitor computer system 38 to change the automatic selection of the CSC and the CSR made by the company computer system 14. While connected to the company computer system 14 via the data network 12, the monitor may also use the monitor computer system 38 to change the intelligence behind the automatic selection of the CSCs and CSRs made by the company computer system 14 by adding, changing, or deleting the selection criteria contained in the

-14the CSC CRITERIA, and the device 40 switching is and multiple voice

CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES,

CSR_CRITERIA databases.

A telecommunication control preferably a system capable of routing telephone calls between communication devices, such as the customer voice communication device 16, and voice systems, such as CSC_VS_1 20, via the voice network 10. An example of a telecommunication switching and routing device is an AT&T Conversant Box. The telecommunication control device 4 0 is connected to the voice network 10 via a telecommunication line. The telecommunication system 40 is also connected to and is controlled by the company computer system 14. Thus, the company computer system 14 can cause the telecommunication control device 40 to place telephone calls to various voice communication devices and voice systems and to bridge calls together to facilitate, for example, a three-way telephone communication between the customer and a CSR, with the monitor listening in.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, each CSR may have a CSR computer system in addition to having an individual CSR voice system. Five such CSR computer systems are shown in FIG. 1: CSR_1 computer 42, CSR_2 computer 44, CSR_3 computer 46, CSR_4 computer 48, and CSR_5 Each CSR computer system is computer with one or as a keyboard and a (not shown) and a data communication device, such as a modem (not shown).

Each CSR computer system is preferably computer 50. preferably a devices, such shown), a display more input mouse (not

-15connected to the data network 12 via a telecommunication medium, such as a standard phone line, a wireless (e.g., cellular) link, or via a high throughput telecommunication medium such as an ISDN line or Tl line for enabling bi-directional data communications with other computer systems connected to the data network 12, and more specifically with the customer computer system 18.

For example, the CSR_1 computer 42 enables a CSR to send data to and receive data from the customer computer system 18 via the data network 12. Data communication between the CSR and the customer may occur during the voice communication therebetween, or optionally it may occur at another time. For example, after the customer speaks to a CSR, the customer may request that the CSR transmit a copy of an updated software program to the customer computer system 18. The monitor may use the monitor computer system 38 to monitor data communication to and from a CSR computer system (such as the CSR_1 computer 42).

In a preferred embodiment of the system.of the present invention, the data network 12 is the Internet. Thus, before describing the operation of the system of the present invention (described below in connection with FIGS. 5-6), it would be helpful to briefly discuss the basic functionality of the Internet as it relates to the system of the present invention. The Internet is well known in the art as a worldwide data network of various computer systems and other data networks of varying size. Connection to the Internet may be accomplished via standard phone lines or via

One

The dedicated high-throughput communications lines such as ISDN and Tl. The functionality of the Internet as a data communication medium is well known and encompasses a broad range of applications, such application is the World Wide Web (WWW).

WWW is a subset of the Internet which allows computers connected to the Internet to access interactive programs called Web Sites located on other Internet-connected computers by entering a unique address’’ associated with a particular Web Site. Because of their interactive features, Web Sites are ideal for both distributing and gathering information. Most importantly, a particular computer's Web Site may be linked to and may control other programs stored on the same or on another computer connected to the Internet. For example, a Web Site describing a company's products and services may be stored in the company computer 14 memory (not shown) and accessed via the data network 12 (in this case, the Internet) by a customer using the customer computer system 18. The customer may view information about the company provided by the Web Site, but may also use the Web Site's interactive features to place a request for more information from the company or for technical support for the company's product. The Web Site may then cause another program company computer system 14 memory automatically select an appropriate CSR to contact the customer in response to the customer's request.

This, and other features of the Internet make it preferable as the data network 12 in accordance with the system of the present invention.

stored in the (not shown) to

-2201558

-17The operation of the system of the present invention is generally controlled by a control program stored in the company computer system 14 memory, and executed by the company computer system 14. This control program usually consists of multiple integrated program modules, with each module bearing responsibility for controlling one or more functions of the company computer system 14. For example, one program module may control the automatic selection of a particular CSR for contact with a customer, while another program module may control the recording of communication between a customer and a CSR when a monitor is not available. In effect, each program module is a control program dedicated to a specific function or set of functions of the company computer system 14.

As described above, in connection with the discussion of the Internet, the control program may be linked to an interactive Web Site also stored in the company computer system 14 memory. The control program of the present invention is described below in connection with FIGS. 5 and 6.

Referring now to FIGS. 5-6, a logic flow diagram representing the control program for the company computer system 14 of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention is described. The execution of this control program begins when a customer using the customer computer system 18 connects to the company computer system 14 via the data network 12 to place a request for contact by a CSR.

The control program begins at a step 100 when the company computer system 14 prompts the customer

2 0 1558

-18to initiate a request for contact. For example, this may be accomplished by displaying a prompt on the company computer system 14 interactive interface, such as a Web Site (not shown) . The prompt may be a graphical button, displayed by the Web Site, on which the customer can click using a mouse. When the customer initiates the request for contact by responding to the prompt, the company computer system 14 proceeds to a step 102.

At step 102, the company computer system 14 prompts the customer to select one or more customer preferences from the CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES database 50. For example, the customer may select the language preference to request that a CSR who contacts her speaks a particular language (such as Spanish). Optionally, the customer may choose not to select any customer preferences.

At a step 104, the company computer system 14 automatically selects a CSC and a CSR from a list of CSCs and corresponding CSRs stored in the company computer system 14 long term data storage device. The selection is made in accordance with the selection criteria of the customer selected preferences from the CUSTOMER__PREFERENCES database 50, and the CSC_CRITERIA and CSR_CRITERIA databases 60, 70, also stored in the company computer system 14 long term data storage device. Of course, if the customer did not select any customer preferences from the CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES database at step 102, only the CSC_CRITERIA and CSR_CRITERIA databases are used in the automatic selection. The following example illustrates the functionality of the automatic selection at step 104, assuming the

2 0 1 5 5 8

19selection criteria in the databases are as illustrated in FIGS. 2-4. A Spanish-speaking customer from New York has requested contact with a company’s CSR regarding technical information about a television sold by the company. The customer selects the specific type of information customer preference from the CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES database 50. The customer also selects the language customer preference from the CUSTOMER__PREFERENCES database as Spanish. At step 114, the company computer system 14 automatically selects a Spanish-speaking CSR with an expertise in televisions located at the closest CSC to the customer with the lowest call volume.

It should be understood that since each CSC is associated with a particular CSC voice system (such as the CSC_VS_1 20), selection of a particular CSC by the company computer system 14 is functionally equivalent to the selection of that CSC's voice system. Similarly, since each CSR is associated with a particular voice communication device (such as the CSR_1 22), the selection of a particular CSR is functionally equivalent to the selection of that CSR’s voice communication device. For example, if a company's North American Technical Support CSC is associated with the CSC_VS_1 20, and a technical support CSR number 12 located there is associated with the CSR_1 voice communication device 22, selection of the North American Technical Support CSC and the technical support CSR number 12 at step 104 is equivalent to selection of the CSC_VS_1 20 and the CSR 1 22.

2 0 1 5 5 B

-20At a test 106, company computer system 14 determines whether a monitor is available to monitor the communication between the customer and the CSR selected at step 104. For example, a monitor may not be available if he is already monitoring another such communication. If the company computer system 14 determines that a monitor is not available, then the company computer system 14 proceeds to a step 126. If the company computer system 14 determines that a monitor is available, at a step 108 the company computer system 14 displays the selected CSC and CSR, as well as the selection criteria from the CUSTOMER_PREFERENCES, CSC__CRITERIA and CSR_CRITERIA databases 50, 60, 70 used by the company computer system 14 for the automatic selection at step 104.

At a test HO, the company computer system 14 determines whether the communication between the requesting customer and the selected CSR is to be monitored. For example, the monitor may decide to monitor the communication between the customer and the selected CSR after viewing, at step 108, the automatic selection made by the company computer system 14 at step 104. If the communication is not to be monitored, then the company computer system 14 proceeds to step 126. If the communication is

<td> to be monitored,</td><td> the</td><td> company</td><td> computer</td><td> system</td><td> 14</td>

<td> proceeds to a test</td><td> 112 .</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> At test 112,</td><td> the</td><td> company</td><td> computer</td><td> system</td><td> 14</td>

<td> determines if both</td><td> the</td><td> CSC and</td><td colspan="3"> CSR selected at step</td>

104 are acceptable to the monitor. If both are acceptable, the company computer system 14 then proceeds to a step 118. If at least one of the

-21selected CSC and CSR is not acceptable, on the other hand, the company computer system 14 proceeds to a step 114 where it prompts the monitor to select a new CSC. The company computer system 14 then proceeds to a step 116 where it prompts the monitor to select a new CSR. For example, the monitor may want the communication to come from a particular CSC or even a particular CSR, so that performance of that CSR may be monitored. The monitor may also elect to override the selection of CSC and CSR made by the company computer system 14 without permanently changing the selection criteria.

At step 118, the company computer system 14 causes the telecommunication control device 40 to place a telephone call to the monitor through monitor voice communication device 36 via the voice network 10. At a step 120, the company computer system 14 causes the telecommunication control device 40 to place a telephone call to the selected CSR through the CSR's voice communication device (such as the CSR_3 26) and through the selected CSC voice system (such as the CSC_VS_l 20) via the voice network 10, and to bridge the call to the monitor without the CSR's knowledge. At a step 122, the company computer system 14 causes the telecommunication control device 40 to place a telephone call to the customer through the customer voice communication device 16, and to bridge the call to the CSR and the monitor. Thus, the monitor may listen in on the communication between the customer and the CSR. Optionally, to serve as a mentor, the monitor may use the monitor

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-22voice communication device 36 to interrupt the communication between the customer and the CSR to provide guidance or to address a problem that arises during the communication. The company computer system 14 then ends the operation of the control program at a step 124.

At step 126, the company computer system 14 causes the telecommunication control device 40 to place a telephone call to the selected CSR through the CSR's voice communication device (such as the CSR_3 26) and through the selected CSC voice system (such as the CSC_VS_1 20) via the voice network 10.

At a step 12 8, the company computer system 14 causes the telecommunication control device 40 to place a telephone call to the customer through the customer voice communication device 16 via the voice network 10 and to bridge the call· to the selected CSR. At a step 130, the company computer system 14 records the communication between the selected CSR and the customer for future review by the monitor. The company computer system 14 then ends the operation of the control program at step 124.

In the alternative embodiment discussed above in connection with FIG. 1, the selected CSR may use a CSR computer system (such as the CSR_1 computer 42) to initiate data communication with the

<td colspan="2"> customer computer</td><td> system</td><td> 18 via</td><td> the</td><td> data</td><td colspan="2"> network</td>

<td> 12 .</td><td> For example,</td><td> the</td><td> selected</td><td> CSR</td><td> may</td><td> use</td><td> the</td>

<td> CSR_1</td><td colspan="2"> computer 42 to</td><td> receive</td><td> a</td><td> copy</td><td> of</td><td> the</td>

customer's problematic configuration files, and then send a corrected version of those files back to the customer, all via the data network 12. The

-23monitor may use the monitor computer system 38 to readily monitor the data communication to and from the selected CSR's computer system via the data network 12.

Thus, while there have shown and described and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.