Integrated two-way paper cargo pallet

W O 94/00355 2 1 ~ 9 1 2 6 P(~r/US93/06Z00 .

:' :-.'.. J 5 NTEG~U~TED qlWO-WAY PAiP~R CAiRGQ PAiLLET . -`~ Field of the Invention This inv2ntion is a pallet a~ might be used to support cargo during that cargo's transportation or storage. The pallet is constructed of paper. The pallet design involves a central platform or deck c~nstructed of a honeycomb filler bounded on the bottom surfaces by a corrugated sheet. The central platform may be made of a single piece of honeycomb filler or a number of pieces of honeycomb filler placed either adjacent each other to form a continuous block or spaced apart to form a block : having ~pen regions.

The upper surface of the central platform may be covered with a corrugated sheet or heavy paper stock.

Additionally, the upper and/or lower sheets may be folded over the edges of the honeycomb core and fastened to the other side.

Runners or legs are included to support the central platform.

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Backaround of the Inventlon A pallet is a portable, horizontal, rigid, platform used as a base for assembling, storing, stacking, handling goods as ~ unit load.

Conventional pallets are typically constructed of wood and are made ~y stapling or nailing a number of boards (known as "deckboards") at their ends to a number of continuous solid boards (known as "stringers").

The upper set and ~ lower set (where used) of deckboards thereby form an open ? area defined by the thickness of the stringers.

This ,. .

opening is used to accommodate a fork lift or hand truck.

--- 35 In this way the pallet may be moved place to place by lifting the pallet and its load off the floor.

;, :;-; SlJBSTlTlJTE SHEET .~ W 0 94/00355 ~39~ 2- PC-r/US93/06200 The vast majority of all pallets used in the U.S. are constructed of wood, but wood pallets have many - disadvantages.

Labor and material costs for wooden pallets have increased faster than inflation. Because of their expense, the pallets are often reused or returned to their place of origin. The cost of returning empty pallets to their owners is obviously high. Additionally, The average weight of a wooden pallet is about forty ~-' pounds.

Since shipping costs are usually tied to the weight of the goods shipped, the cost of shipping is increased by the weight of the pallet. Indeed, pallets are sufficiently heavy that smaller warehouse workers are able manually to move the pallets only with some difficulty. Wooden pallets are often damaged during use and, because of the pallet cost, must be repaired if possible or disposed of. Depending upon the industry involved, pallets may be used between two and four times ;~ before they are disposed of.

Disposal of any solid materials including broken pallets is an increasingly difficult and costly problem.

My invention is a pallet constructed of paper ; involving a central platform or deck constructed of a honeycomb filler bounded on the bottom surface by a continuous corrugated sheet which covers the supporting legs or runners so to form a continuous cover over the entire bottom surface. The upper surface of the central platform may be covered with a corrugated sheet or heavy paper stock. Additionally, the upper and/or lower sheets may be folded over the edges of the honeycomb core and fastened to the other side. Runners or legs are included to support the central platform. In addition to the inherent strength and low cost of my pallet, by careful selection of construction materials, my design may be completely recycled as paper without separation into constituent parts.

~¦ There are a number of pallet designs which are made mostly of paper.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET .~ - 213912~ '- WO 94/003~5 PCI`/US93/06200 --3- For instance, U.S.

Pat.

No. 3,661,099, to Shelor, shows a paper shipping pallet having a deck ¦ I having a core section made of small strips cut from I~- single, double, or triple wall corrugated paper board :.,j 5 sheet stock glued face to face.

Sheets of corrugated are : qlued to the longitudinal edges of the composite core.

The core and facing sheets are desirably of a specific size of corrugated sheets, i.e., having a size "A" flute or better.

The legs of the pallet appear to be wooden blocks.

U.S.

Pat.

No. 3,6S0,459, to Tucker, shows a paper pallet design involving a folded corrugated sheet ¦~ as the cargo sheet area.

The cargo deck is provided with a number of pallet feet (which operate as spacer blocks lS within the cargo deck) made of molded plastic material : such as polystyrene.

The use of a honeyco~b core within the.cargo support area is not disclosed.

U.S.

Pat.

No. 3,9S2,672, to Gordon et al., . shows a disposable pallet made of a single folded corrugated sheet.

The use of a honeycomb core on the ~`; cargo support area is not disclosed.

U.S.

Pat.

Nos. 4,867,074 and 5,001,991, to Smith, each show a pallet design in which the cargo deck is made up of a large number of girders folded from ~; 25 corrugated sheet and assembled with a series of cross girders.

The use of a honeycomb core in the cargo support area is not disclosed.

: U. S.

Pat.

No. 4, 790, 249, to Webb, shows a pallet design in which the cargo deck is made up of facing sheets separated by a number of blocks having a ' specific design.

The block design involves a cellulosic ; " material glued together by a bonding material (such as unreaformaldehyde) all extruded into the shape of a box , , beam.

The boxes are positioned so to protect the deck : 35 from the tines on a fork lift.

' Netherlands Patent Application 83-00024 shows an interesting design for a paper pallet.

The cargo ~'-s ,,~ SUBSTIT~TE SHEET W094/~035~ ~39~ PCT/~'S93/06200 -4support deck appears to be constructed of a number of loops of paper glued together at a number of sites within , the deck and also gluad to a periphery forming the edge i of the deck.

Neither the use of a honeycomb core nor the -~ 5 use of corrugated sheet in the cargo deck support area is disclosed.

There are few disclosures showing the use of honeycomb materials in the core of the cargo support deck.

One such disclosure is Published U.X.

Patent Application 2,213,462-A to Green et al. This published application shows a paper pallet design in which the - cargo deck is made up of two face sheets of, e.g., corrugated cardboard and having a an open structure such as a paper or card honeycomb between them. It is said that the deck may be raised from the floor using feet of similar construction. The deck core ic made to be penetrable by the tines of a fork lift. The ~isclosure is silent on the use of a corrugated sheet folded over the edge of the central core and fastened to the opposite side.

U.S.

Pat.

No. 4,319,530, to Moog, discloses a pallet, said to be disposable, having a cargo supporting deck area made up of a central core of a honeycomb made of laminated corrugate. The core is faced with one or more corrugated sheets glued to the core. The facing on the cargo support surface of the central core may be made up of multiple layers of corrugated sheets. The disclosure is silent on the use of a corrugated sheet folded over the edge of the central core and fastened to the opposite side nor, obviously, is any benefit accorded such a folded sheet.

None of these disclosures show a pallet j constructed of a paper involving a central platform or i 35 deck constructed of a honeycomb filler bounded on the top ¦ and bottom surfaces by corrugated sheets nor do these ¦ disclosures show the feature of increased physical ,.~.,~.

;~ 5UBSTITU~ 5~EET .,~ , ~ W094/~0355 2 1 3 9 1 2 ~ PCT/USg3/06~0~ stability due to the integration of the lower surface as support for the central platform.

¦ I ~ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS l a, 5 Figure lA is an exploded drawing of the ¦ ~ ~ components of one of the basic configuration of the ¦ ` invention using runners to support the cargo deck.

j Figure lB shows a plan diagram of the lower sheet used in the Figure lA configuration.

Figure 2A is an exploded drawing of the components of another variation of the invention using runners to support the cargo deck.

Figures 2B and 2C show plan diagrams of the upper and lower sheets uæed in the Figure 2A configuration.

~ ~ Figure 3A is an exploded drawing of the ; components of a variation of the Figure 1 pallet.

~ Figure 3B shows a plan diagram of the lower -~ sheet used in the Figure 3A configuration.

Figures 4A and 4B are, respectively, top and ~1 bottom perspective views of the inventive pallet.

Figure 5 shows ~ perspective view of a pallet using a hard sheet foot support.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In general, this invention is a pallet as might be used to support cargo during that cargo's - transportation or storage.

The pallet is constructed of - paper.

The pallet design involves a central platform constructed of a honeycomb filler.

The ce~tral platform may be made of a single piece of;honeycomb filer or a ~ number of pieces of honeycomb filler placed either ¦~ adjacent to each other to form a continuous block or spaced apart to form a block having open regions. The upper surface of the central platform may be bounded on the upper surface by corrugate or paper or other suitable covering.

The lower surface of the central platform is bounded by longitudinal runners or legs, particularly ;, ~ ~ ` SUBSTITUTE ~ EET W 0 94/00355 ~ PCTIUS93/06200 those utilizing honeycomb or corrugate cores and corrugate skins and adapted so that the skins ovexlap up on to the edges of the central platform. Although the , invention may be made of a variety of materials, I prefer -~ 5 to construct the pallet from materials which may be readily recycled using commercially available technology.

~ For instance, the variou~ sheet material is desirably X7 from kraft paper or other similar paper stock.

Of course, depending upon the service into which the pallet 10 is placed, other materials may be selected, e.g., MYLAR, polyethylene, polypropylene (clear or fibrous paper product), or the like is acceptable.

Some thermosetting polymeric materials are not currently widely recyclable and may not be the best of choices for the pallet from 15 the viewpoint.

However even with nonrecyclable materials the improvements of the pallet design will be apparent.

Choice of materials and methods to join together the various components of the pallet may also be made on the basis of recyclability.

For instance, most water-based 20 glues, e.g., hide glue, mucilage, etc. are glues compatible with the kraft paper recycling processes.

Heat sealing thermoplastic materials such as polypropylene is an expedient using no adhesive.

Figure lA is an exploded diagram showing the 25 components of one basic configuration of the invention.

In this configuration, the central core (100) comprises an expanded honeycomb material.

Joined to this core on the upper face of the core is a facing sheet (102).

The facing sheet may be of a corrugate or a sheet of a 30 suitable material such as paper.

This variation of the pallet uses a lower corrugate sheet which is integrated with the runners supporting the core (100) to enhance the overall strength of the pallet.

The runners and the .

lower deck facing are made of a set of runner cores (104) 35 of expanded honeycomb or multilaminate corrugate and a lower folded corrugate sheet (106).

The runners are separated from each other on the lower face of the core ~"~s' ~ SU BSTITUT E 5~ T ~ W094/003~ 2 1 3 9 1 2 ~ PCT/US93/06200 -7and cover at least a portion of that lower face. They run from one edge of the deck transversely to the opposite edge. The lower corrugated folded sheet (106) adheres to and encloses the runner core blocks (104). It also has tabs (108) which may be folded over and allow it to adhere to the cargo (or upper surfaçe of the upper face ~102).

It may be desirable to include a glue sheet (110) between runner core blocks (llO) and core deck (100). Although it is not required, the glue sheet may provide an enhanced surface to allow both better adhesive junctions between the two adjacent honeycomb blocks and closure of the cells in the honeycombs. If the method for joining the various sheets to the core is properly carried out or if commercial honeycomb stock is employed, the cells within the core are isolated from each otner.

The core strength is enhanced by these closed cells and imparts an amount of springiness and shock absorbing capabilities to the core.

~- 20 The runners obviously cannot be separated from the deck without the virtually complete destruction of the pallet.

If the upper facing sheet (102) is a corrugate sheet, the flutes in the respective corrugated sheets (102, 106) should be positioned such that the flues in sheet (102) are not parallel to the flutes in sheet (106).

The angle between the respective flutes may between about 0 and 90, but preferably between about 30 and 90, although for a very practical pallet from the vantage of strength, versatility, and ease of construction, an included angle between the flutes of about 90 is desirable.

Figure lB shows a plan view of the bottom facing sheets (106). The long tabs (112) extending from j 35 the long side of the sheet (106) fold over the ends of ¦ the runner blocks (104) and the edge of the cPntral core ~ (100) as is shown in Figure lA.

Similarly, the broad 'a'~, SU BSTITUTE SH EET WOs4~003s~ r~ -8- PCT/~593/06200 tabs (114) fold over the long side of the runner blocks (104) and the edge of the central core (100) as is shown j in Figure lA.

The smaller tabs shown on the Figure lB 3 lower facing sheet (106) are all folded over the adjacent edge when folded as depicted in Figure lA. The tabs are all glued to the sheet to which they are attached.

The wide ~lots between the runners on the underside of the cargo deck permit entry of forklift or j hand truck tines from either of the opposite ends.

j lO One or mor~ additional top sheets can be included to enhance the strength of the top surface.

Specifically, whether the upper facing sheet (102) is a paper sheet or corrugate, a secondary facing sheet may be placed and glued in place so that it forms a generally flush surface with the tabs. A reinforcing secondary facing sheet may then be glued onto the upper surface of the secondary facing sheet. This configuration is extraordinarily sturdy and straightforward to construct.

The reinforcing secondary facing sheet may be positioned onto the upper surface of the secondary facing sheet, if of corrugate, in a variety of flute positions.

Specifically, the angle between the respective flutes may between about O and 90, but preferably between about 30O and 9o, although for a very practical pallet from the vantage of strength, versatility, and ease of construction, an included angle between the flutes of about 90 is desirable.

Figure 2A shows an exploded drawing of a variation of the invention. Similar to the combination shown in Figure lA, the variation in Figure 2A involves a I honeycomb core (lO0).

The lower sheet (202) is ¦ preferably a corrugate sheetstock as was (106) in Figure lA. The lower facing sheet (202) is also shown, in plan, in Figure 2B. It should be apparent that this sheet i easier to cut from stock sheet material than is the lower sheet (106) shown in both Figures lA and lB.

! .. , However, it is less suitable for use with the upper ~`; SU BSTITUTE SHEET ~- WO 94/00355 2 1 3 9 1 2 6 Pcr/US93/06200 _9_ facing sheets ~204) which are solely paper in that the flap of the paper folded over the ends of the runner blocks (104) and central core (100) does not lend substantial strength to the assemblage.

However, the 5 Figure lB variation is quite sturdy with a corrugate upper facing sheet (204).

Upper facing sheet ~204) is shown, in plan view, in Figure 2C.

In this variation, ~i~ the upper surface of the pallet is smooth, i.e., it has ~ no seams on the upper surface to catch cargo and tear the ! 10 paIlet.

The upper sheet (206) is folded over the edge of the honeycomb core (100) and overlapped onto and fastened to the lower sheet (202).

The flutes in the upper sheet (202) are preferably not parallel to the corrugated flutes in the lower sheet (202).

Figure 3A shows a version of the Figure lA : ~ :

variation in which the upper facing sheet (302) has tabs (304) which fold down onto the edge of the flaps (306) which fold up onto the edge of the central core (100) and runner blocks (104).

The upper facing sheet (302) may be of corrugate or paper or other suitable material.

Corrugate is used for the upper facing sheet (302) if strength is the ultimate desired use parameter and paper may be used if the cost of the pallet is of great importance.

As with the Figure lA variation, the pallet has honeycomb or laminated corrugate runner blocks (104) which may be glued to the central core through optional glue sheets (110).

Again, the upper sheet (304) is configured so that it may be folded over the edge of the honeycomb core (100) and overlapped onto and fastened to the lower sheet (306).

If the upper facing sheet (304) is corrugate, the flutes in that sheet are preferably not parallel to the corrugated flutes in the lower sheet (306).

This feature, in addition to the provision of the tabs adhesively fastened to their respective adjacent sheets ,1 ." è ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET ' W094/003~ 3~ o- PCT/US93106200 will provide additional strength to the pallet cargo , support platform.

Each ~f these embodiments is a design known as a two-way entry pallet. Figures,4A and 4B are, ' 5 respectively, top and bottom perspective views of the ' inventive pallet.

The wide slots between the runners on , the underside of the cargo deck permit entry of forklift or hand truck tines from either of opposite ends.

This invention is not limited to the basic ~ 10 variation shown in the Figures.

Additional sheets of I ~ corrugated material may be added to the upper and lower faces of the combination shown in that Figure if ` additional strength is needed for some particular purpose. Addition of a sheet on the upper (or load-bearing face) is preferable to enhance the impact resistance of the pallet deck. The pallet may be coated with a material which will harden or waterproof or j ~ ~ ~ dustproof the pallet.

These materials may be chosen to -~ meet whatever criteria are appropriate for the pallet ; 20 use.

For instance, if used in a humid atmosphere or used - outside or are moved between refrigerated and non! refrigerated areas, waterproofing is desirable.

Known water-based and oil-based materials may be applied a~s needed.

~1 ~ 25 Additionally, the cargo face of the deck may be - covered with or coated with a suitable material to prevent slippage of the cargo.

When the pallet of this invention is used in conjunction with roller conveyer systems, a hard sheet material, such as paperboard, Masonite, plywood, hardened I corrugate or other suitable sheet material, may be glued j - to the bottom of the covered footblocks.

The hard sheet material is desirably one-fourth to one-half inc~ in , thickness.

The paperboard may be made from thin sheets ¦ 35 of paper glued and compressed together to give a hard i surface to the bottom of the runners.

The hard surface prevents the bottom of the corrugate trays from 1' ~ 5 SU BSTITUTE ~ E ET !~s w094/0035~ 21 3 912 r;~ PCT/US93/06200 depressing around the conveyer roller and thereby preventing the load-bearing pallet form rolling easily down the conveyer. The hard paperboard provides adequate ~hardness for reducing the compressibility of the runner ,~ S bottom and therefore reduces the drag on the pallet.

j~Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a pallet ~1using a hard sheet foot support (502) glued to the bottoms of the footblocks. The sheet foot support (502) ,~ is shown with optional holes (504) positioned amongst the footblocks to allow the pallets use with a pallet jack.

It should be apparent that the number of runners is not a critical aspect of the inventive pallet.

1:

Similarly, the size and aspect ratios of the pallet described here are not important. This invention includes pallets using a variety of sizes and numbers of j runners.

The invention has been described by description and by example. The examples are just examples and are not to be used to limit the scope of the invention in any ;20 way.

Additionally, one having ordinary skill in this art 1~ will recognize variations and equivalents within the ¦-~ invention as described which will not necessarily be within the scope of the appended claims.

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