Neomorphogensis of cartilage in vivo from cell culture

Methods and artificial matrices for the growth and implantation of cartilaginous structures and surfaces and bone are dis- closed. In the preferred embodiments, chondrocytes are grown on biodegradable, biocompatible fibrous polymeric matrices. Op- tionally, the cells are proliferated in vitro until an adequate cell volume and density has developed for the cells to survive and pro- liferate in vivo. One advantage of the matrices is that they can be cast or molded into a desired shape, on an individual basis, so that the final product closely resembles a patient's own ear or nose, Alternatively, flexible matrices can be used which can be ma- nipulated at the time of implantation, as in a joint followed by remodeling through cell growth and proliferation in vivo. The cul- tured cells can also be maintained on the matrix in a nutrient media for production of bioactive molecules such as angiogenesis inhibiting factor, Examples are provided showing the growth of hyaline cartilage for joint relinings, the growth of elastic cartia- lage for plastic or reconstructive replacement of cartilage structures, and repair of large bone defects.