Optical code reading device

The present invention relates to an optical code reading device. More specifically, the present invention provides an optical code reading device using one or more optical fibers for transmitting light from a light source to a scanning head of the device.

There are known code reading devices of the handy scanner type for reading characters and various kinds of code, e.g. bar codes.

The handy scanner comprises a housing of a pre10 determined shape which is suitable to be held in a hand, a light source for illuminating an object to be read, an optical system for receiving reflection light reflected from the object and for forming an image of the object, a sensor for converting the optical image obtained by the optical signal into an electrical signal and a circuit arrangement for processing the electric signal from the sensor to produce a digital signal in a binary form or binary decimal form. As the sensor a one dimensional image sensor or a two dimensional image sensor may be used. The use of a two dimensional image

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- 2 sensor enables reading of the object in two dimensions in an instant. When a one dimensional image sensor is used, the object is read by sequentially scanning in a direction of the array of the photo sensor cells of the image sensor.

The scanning in the direction of the array of the photo sensor cells is referred to as main scanning. In order to read the object, the scanner is moved in a direction perpendicular to the main scanning direction, so that the two dimensional object can be read. In the case where an image sensor having one or two dimensions is used as the sensor of the code reading device, the reading resolution of the object depends on the size of the unit photo sensor cells. Moreover, since it is necessary to illuminate a region expanding in one or two dimensions when the one or two dimension image sensor is used, an incandescent lamp can be used as the light source and the light is dispersed Thus the light source can be considered a surface light source.

As the sensor for reading the object code, there may be used a photo diode. In this case the scanner may be moved in one or two dimensions to obtain the image information of the object. By measuring the amount of movement of the scanner, the point corresponding to the photo diode output can be identified.

In the case where the photo diode is used as the sensor it is impossible to obtain the image information of the object

- 3 at two points simultaneously but it is possible to obtain the image information of the object at only one point simultaneously. With this arrangement, it is necessary to concentrate the light beam on one point of the object with the remainder of the object being unilluminated so as to detect the reflection light only from the point newly illuminated by the photo diode. The diameter of the light beam defines the resolution of reading the code. Therefore, it is important to illuminate the object with a light beam as small as possible.

In conventional code reading devices which use a photo diode as the sensor, the light projected from the light source is directly concentrated by a lens' system so that the spot size is throttled and the throttled light is projected directly on the object.

The light projected on the object is reflected and the reflected light is received by the photo diode which generates the information of the intensity of the reflected light. Since the portion of the object which is not illuminated does not generate reflected light, no effect is revealed on the output of the photo diode with respect to any pattern on that portion.

As mentioned above, the reading resolution of the object is determined by the spot size of the illumination light, therefore, it is desired that the spot size be as small as possible.

- 4 The spot size of the light projected from the light is more or less wide and in many cases, the shape of the spot of the light is not a true circle but is deformed from a true circle. Therefore, even if the projected light is concentrated by the lens system, it is difficult to throttle the light into a desirably fine beam. Accordingly, the reading resolution of the object in the reading device is not improved.

Moreover, the scanning head of the conventional 10 code reading device is provided with a light source and a rotatable mirror to direct the light beam of the light source toward a light projection window of the scanning head ; so that the light beam can be projected from the window to scan the object.

IS The conventional arrangement mentioned above must provide the rotational mirror in the scan head as a part of the optical system. Moreover, if the rotational mirror collects moisture or foreign matter, the reflected light from the mirror is reduced. In addition, depending on the distribution of the dirt on the mirror, the light intensity of the mirror is changed, whereby it becomes impossible to identify the object code and reading errors may occur.

Moreover, since the mirror and light source are provided in the scanning head, it is difficult to reduce the weight and size of the scanning head.

- 5 Moreover, in conventional code reading devices, in the case where a semiconductor laser is used for the reading light, since the reading light is infra red light with a wave length less than 750 nm, it is invisible to the human eye. In the case where a gas laser, e.g. Ar laser or He-Ne laser is used as the light source, since the spot size of the light is very small, it is difficult to see the light beam.

In this case, in order to facilitate observation of the reading light (defined as reading Σ), it has been proposed to attach an auxiliary light or a sighting light IT. In this arrangement, in the prior art, two light sources of the light Σ and H are disposed in a rectangular relationship and both lights are combined using a half mirror. However, employment of the half mirror in the path of the reading light Σ causes the intensity of the reading light to decrease,the spot size of the reading light at the object to be read to expand and the resolution decreases. Moreover, employment of the half mirror in the scanning head causes the scanning head to be bulky. Moreover, an adjustment between the axes of the reading light and the sighting light is necessary.

An essential object of the present invention is to provide an optical code reading device having a high reading resolution.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical code reading device having good resistance against the atmosphere with a scanning head the weight and size of which can be reduced.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a scanning head for use in an optical code reading device which is lightweight, small in size and has a high reading resolution.

According to the present invention, there is provided an optical code reading device which comprises a light source for emitting reading light to illuminate an object to be read, at least one optical fiber for transferring the reading light from the light source having its one end positioned to receive the ieading light from the light source, a lens system disposed to receive the reading light projected from the other end of the optical fiber and to project the reading light toward the object, light detecting means for receiving the light reflected from the object to generate electric signals representing the intensity of the reflected light and processing means for processing the electric signal to generate an electric signal representing the object.

These and other objects and features of the present

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- 7 invention will be made apparent from the description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which

Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view showing an 5 embodiment of an optical code reading device according to the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a manner of throttling the light beam,

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing another embodiment of the optical code reading device according to the present invention,

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view showing a further embodiment of the optical code reading device according to the present invention, and

Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sectional views showing details of the arrangement of the optical fibers used in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4.

A scanning head 1 comprises a housing la made of a generally L character shape and is movable in one or two dimensions in parallel with the surface of an object to be read.

There is provided a moving unit 100 for moving the ~ 8 scanning head 1 and a motion detecting unit 101 for detecting the amount of movement of the scanning head 1 so as to make it possible to identify the read position and the information which is obtained at the read position.

A floor type unit 2 secured on a suitable floor or the like is provided with a light source and data processing circuit. It is noted that conventionally the light source is provided in the scanning head, but in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source is provided in the floor type unit 2.

As the light source 3, a semiconductor laser is used. The light emitted from the light source 3 is throttled by a lens 11. The light thus throttled is applied to an entrance unit 12 of a single mode optical fiber 4.

The phrase single mode optical fiber refers to an optical fiber that allows only the 0 dimensional mode light of the incident light with the wave length Λ to pass. The diameter of the core is extemely small. Therefore, it is necessary to use the coupling lens 11 so that as much light as possible from the light source can enter the optical fiber core. It is known to use a coupling lens.

A semiconductor laser is small in size, it has a long life and is suitable as the light source.

However, as the light source, many other types, e.g. He-Ne laser, Ar laser may be used except that the color of light is limited. He-Ne laser may be suitable since He1294045

- 9 Ne laser has good directionality, is inexpensive and the light therefrom is visible.

In the case where green light is required, an Ar laser may be used as the light source.

A calculation unit 9 is provided in the floor type unit 2.

The single mode optical fiber 4 for transferring the light from the light source and a communication cable 8 connected to the calculation unit 9 are covered by a common sheath 10. Both ends of the optical fiber 4 and communication cable 8 are connected to a terminal 16 of the scanning head 1.

In the scanning head 1, there is provided an end portion of the single mode optical fiber 4 and a lens 5 for collecting the light from the optical fiber 4. The light projecting end 13 of the single mode optical fiber 4 is covered with a sleeve made of metal or the like and secured in the scanning head 1 by means of a securing member (not shown). The light collected by the lens 5 is projected outside through a window 15 toward a point P of the object 6 to be read.

A photo diode 7 is provided inside the window 15 of the scanning head 1 for receiving light reflected from the point P, thereby to produce an electric signal representing the intensity of the reflected light. The electric signal of the photo diode 7 is transferred to the calculation unit

- ίο 9 in the floor type unit 2 through the communication cable 8. The calculation unit 9 processes the electric signals fed from the photo diode 7 so as to produce electric signals representing the object code in a known manner.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the light emitted from the light source 1 enters the single mode optical fiber 4 and the light is closed in the optical fiber core. The optical fiber core has a small size. The light projected from the end of the single mode optical fiber

4 is throttled by the lens 5, whereby the light beam can be throttled into a small diameter.

Since the light is projected from the optical fiber core having a true circle shape in its cross section, the shape of the light spot of the light beam projected from the single mode optical fiber 4 is also a true circle shape, and the spot size of the light beam can be reduced by the lens 5. The single mode optical fiber 4 is used so as to collect the light into a small area and to obtain the projected light beam pattern of a true circle shape.

Since the light source is not provided in the scanning head 1 but is provided in the floor type unit 2, the size and weight of the scanning head 1 can be reduced to such a size that the scanning head will fit in a human hand.

As a result of the diffraction of light, a light beam has a finite spot size. When the light is throttled by means

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- Il of a lens system, the spot size of the light at respective points away from the point at which the minimum spot size is obtained expands.

A condition for obtaining the minimum spot size is 5 explained with reference to Fig. 2.

It is assumed that the center of the lens 5 is the origin 0 and the light projecting end of the single mode optical fiber 4 is positioned after the lens 5 with a distance a. Assuming further that the radius of the spot size of the light at the projecting end of the single mode optical fiber 4 is defined by E and the radius of the core of the single mode optical fiber 4 is Γθ and the normalized frequency of the single mode optical fiber 4 is V, the following equation is obtained.

r_c = (0.65 + 1.619/V²/³ + 2.879/V⁶ ) E

Z axis is defined in the direction of the light progression. The end of the single mode optical fiber 4 is Z = -a. Assuming that the light beam is a gaussian beam, the radius of the spot size of the light beam between the end (Z = -a) of the optical fiber and the lens(Z = 0) can be expressed as

U(Z)² = E² [1 + ( x(a + Z)/ mE²}²] (1)

In the equation (1) λ is the wave length of light. The radius of the light beam increases proportional to the square of the distance from the end of the single '7

- 12 mode optical fiber 4.

When the light has passed the lens 5, the light is throttled and the spot size is reduced. Assuming that the spot size is minimum at a position Z = b, the position is referred to as a standard position. According to the assumption that the light beam is gaussian beam, the spot size of the light beam after the light passed the lens 5 is expressed as

W(Z)² = F²[l + { X(Z-b)/ ttF²}²] (2).

It is best that the object to be read is positioned at the standard point Z = b, however, it is difficult to always position the object at the standard point.

Therefore, there is defined an allowable range G to H with the center thereof taken at Z = b so that reading of the object can be performed so far as the object exists within the allowable range. The points G and H are referred to as the critical points.

The point G near the lens 5 is called a near critical point. The point H far from the lens 5 is called a far critical point.

The respective beam sizes W(G) and W(H) at the critical points G and H are the same value which can be calculated by the equation (2) using Δ = G-b = H-b.

The beam sizes W(G) and W(H) are the function of the minimum beam radius F which can be selected as desired.

The value F for obtaining the minimum beam radius

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- 13 at the critical points G and H can be calculated by the following calculation by defining the value F as an independent variable.

Since an arithmetic mean is greater than a geometrical mean,

W(G)² = W(H)² > 2 λ Δ/ m (3) is obtained. In the above equation, equality is established when Fm = / λ Δ/ w ( 4 ).

The distance b up to the object and width Δ up to the critical point are given preliminarily. By the equation (4), the optimum minimum beam size Fm can be obtained.

The beam radius at the critical point is

W(G) = W(H) = FT Fm (5).

Since the values of the equations (1) and (2) when Z = 0 are equal, ? λ² a² 9 λ ² b²

E² (1 + — ) = F²(l + - ) (6) •n 2 _e4 nF thus, the value a can be obtained a = / F² - E² + ₍₇₎

According to the equation (7), the value a can not be decided unless the value F is specified.

Under the condition that the beam size is made minimum at the critical points G and H, by placing the value Fm for F, the value a can be obtained by the equation n E / λ Δ _xb² (8)

- 14 Since the value b is preliminarily given and the value a can be obtained by the equation (8), the focal point f of the lens 5 can be calculated

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Example

An example of the device according to the present invention was provided using a single mode optical fiber of which radius E is 2.4 pm. The standard point b was 250 mm, near critical point G was 200 mm, the wave length λ of the light was 0.75 pm and Awas 50mra.

From the equation (4), the beam radius Fm was 109 pm and the beam radius W(G) of the near critical point was

154 pm. The value a was 5.58 mm and the focal length of the lens was 5.46 mm according to the value b was 250 mm.·

Therefore, when the light source of which wave 15 length 0.75 pm is used and the light is applied to the single mode optical fiber of 2.4 pm radius of the spot size, by placing the lens 5 at the position apart from the end of the single mode optical fiber 4 with the distance 5.58 mm, the spot size of the light at the near critical point is 154 pm radius can be obtained.

According to the present embodiment, the light to be projected to the object is passed by the single mode optical fiber 4 and in turn the lens 5, so that the light beam can be throttled and the beam size is reduced enough to keep the

- 15 spot shape in a true circle even if the point at which the light beam is projected departs from the window 15 of the scanning head 1, whereby a high reading resolution of the object can be obtained.

Moreover, since the light source and control unit including the calculation unit 9 are accommodated in the floor unit 2, it is possible to reduce the size of the scanning head 1. Therefore, the scanning head shown in the present embodiment is suitable for use as a hand scanner for a code reading device.

Referring to Fig. 3 showing another preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the light projecting end 13 and the lens 5 are mounted on a rotation mechanism 14 which is reciprocally rotatable around a rotation axis 17 in one plane (in a horizontal plane) by a predetermined angle range so that the the light projecting end 13 and lens 5 can also rotate and the light beam projected from the lens 5 can be moved along a scanning direction which is perpendicular to the axis of the lens 5. The rotation mechanism 14 is driven to rotate as mentioned above by a driving mechanism (not shown) which is provided in the housing of the scanning head 1. The power source for an electric motor (not shown) of the driving mechanism may be accommodated in the floor unit 2 and the power for the electric motor is transferred to the scanning unit 1 by means of a suitable cable (not shown) Such a cable

- 16 may be covered, with the optical fibers 4 and 6, by the sheath 10.

By rotating the rotation mechanism 14 reciprocally in a predetermined angle range, the direction of the light projected from the lens 5 is changed along the scanning direction and the object 6 can be scanned in a direction perpendicular to the lens axis, so that the detection point P can be changed from time to time, whereby the light reflected from the code or character on the object 6 can be consecutively detected by the photo diode 7.

Since the rotation mechanism mounts only light weight elements such as the lens 5 and the light projecting end 13 of the single mode optical fiber 4, it is possible to make the rotation mechanism simple.

Moreover, since the reflection mirror is not provided in the scanning head, the problem of dirt on the mirror can be eliminated and the scanning head can be used in a bad atmosphere.

Referring to Fig. 4 showing a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided in the floor unit 2 an LED 17 (light emitting diode) as an additional light source for emitting visible light. The light emitted from the LED 17 is used to sight the light beam of the laser 3 on the object and therefore the light of the LED 17 is referred to as a sighting light hereinafter. The spot size of the sighting light does not necessarily have to be fine, and various

- 17 colors of LEDs are available on the market, therefore, LED is used as the source of the sighting light. In place of LED, an incandescent lamp may be used as the sighting light source.

The light from the light source 3 is pulse modulated, while the light from the LED 17 is a D.C. light.

There is further provided in the floor unit 2 a collimating lens 18 in front of the LED 17 to collimate the light from the LED 17 and a plurality of optical fibers 16 of a multi mode type each provided with a light input end 22 in the form of a cylindrical sleeve made of metal. In the example shown, four optical fibers are used and the cross sectional view thereof is shown in Fig. 5.

There may be used a single optical fiber for transferring the light of LED. However, preferably a plurality of optical fibers may be used so that as large an amount of light as possible can be transferred to the scanning head.

There may be used one or more optical fibers of the single mode type. However, preferably the multi mode type optical fiber is used so that as large an amount of light as possible can be transferred to the scanning head.

The light of the LED 17 is collimated by the collimating lens 18 and the collimated light is applied to the light input ends 22 of the four multi mode optical fibers 16.

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- 18 The four multi mode optical fibers 16 and the single mode optical fiber 4 as well as the communication cable 8 are covered by the sheath 10 and coupled to the scanning head 1 through an end terminal 26. The multi mode optical fibers 16 end at output ends 23 arranged to form a sleeve as shown in Fig. 6. Also, as shown in Fig. 6, the multi mode optical fibers 16 and the sleeves or output ends 23 are disposed around the peripheral portions of the sleeve 13 of the single mode optical fiber 4. The number of output ends 23 is equal to the number of multi mode optical fibers 16. The beams of the sighting light If projected from the output ends or sleeves 23 are throttled by a lens 5 as well as the light Σ for reading the object from the single mode optical fiber 4. Both of light beams Π and Σ are projected on the object 6 through the window 15.

Since the output ends 13 and 23 are arranged similar to a coaxial manner, the light axis of the sighting light Π and that of the light Σ for reading the object coincide without light axis adjustment.

The reading light Σ is projected on the object 6 with a small spot size and the sighting light H is projected on the object 6 with a relatively large spot size surrounding the spot of the reading light so as to facilitate observation of the scanning point P at which the reading light Σ is projected.

- 19 The light reflected from the scanning point P is received by the photo diode 7 and the intensity of the reflected light corresponds to the brightness and darkness of the scanning point or code to be read whereby the degree of the brightness and darkness of the scanning point P can be detected by the output of the photo diode 7. The output of the photo diode 7 is fed to the calculation unit 9 in the floor type unit 2 through the communication cable 8.

The reflected light contains reading light £ and sighting light π . However, since the reading light Σ is pulse modulated, by taking the pulse modulated component in the output of the photo diode 17 by the calculation unit 9, the component of the sighting light £ can be detected and the code or character of the object can be read.

Since the detecting point P to which the reading light is projected is illuminated by the sighting light £, the detecting point can be easily seen, whereby scanning operation of the scanning head is easy.

In the arrangement mentioned above, since the reading light Σ and sighting light Π can be combined only by the optical fibers and lens and there is no need to provide devices such as the half mirror used in the prior art, the scanning head can be made small in size and lightweight and the structure of the scanning head becomes simple Moreover, adjustment of light axes of the reading light Σ and the sighting light Π is unnecessary and the scanning head can be easily manufactured.