Radiation curable acrylated polyurethane oligomer compositions

37~33 !, RADlATION CURABLE ACRYLATED POIYURETHANE OLIGOMER COMPOSITIONS , BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The field of art to which this invention pertains is ¦radiation curable acrylated polyurethanes.

' Due to environmental concern and the high cost of solI vents, commercial interest in radiation curable compositions is ;constantly increasing.

Federal, state and local government legislation which restricts the amount of solvents and other ~;pollutants that can be vented to the atmosphere is one reason for ~this increased int~rest.

Other reasons are the concerns expressed by unions and individuals over the possible toxic effects of pro~ longed expo~ure to volatile organic materials and also the high cost of petroleum derived solvents.

Generally, radiation curable systems are essentially 100% reactive systems, i.e., substantially all of the components react to produce the final product.

Such systems can be cured by exposure to high energy ionizing radiation or to actinic radiation in the presence of photoinitiators.

Among the various radiation curable compositior.s dis- ¦ closed in the prior art are polyurethane oligomers which have terminal acrylyl or methacrylyl groups.

These are generally produced by the reaction of one or more organic polyisocyanates Iwith one or more organic polyols wherein at least a portion of the ¦polyisocyanate or polyol reactant has, in addition to its isocya- j nate or hydroxyl functionality, acrylyl or methacrylyl groups.

ISuch radiation curable polyurethane oligomers can be made by ''reacting a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate with a polyol~ and th n reacting the remaining isocyanate groups with a hydroxy , I .

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I ~37233 I' i alkyl acrylate or methacrylate. U.S.

Patent No. 3,700,643 discloses radiation curable oligomers made by reacting a polycapro~;lactone diol with an organic diisocyanate in a mole ratio of one ¦Ito two followed by reaction with hydroxyethyl acrylate. In U. S.

Patent No. 3,782,961 a hydroxy compound having at least 5 ether linkages and a terminal acrylate or methacrylate group is reacted with a polyisocyanate.

U.S.

Patent No. 4,133,723 discloses radiation curable I compositions made by reacting a polyalkylene polyol having from 2 ¦ , to 6 hydroxylgroups with a molar excess of a diisocyanate followed by reaction with a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate.

U.S.

Patent Nos. 4,057,431 and 4,139,436 describe photopolymerizable compositions made by reacting a polyether polyol having 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups with an organic polyisocyanate and lS a hydroxyalkyl methacrylate.

The reaction can be conducted in a diluent such as a polyethylene polyol acrylate or methacrylate.

; Low viscosity radiation curable compositions are described in U.S.

Patent No. 4,131,602. Such compositions are made j by reacting an organic diisocyanate with a combination of organic I ~ tri/tetraol and organic diol followed by reacting a hydroxyalkyl acrylate.

The combination of polyols is either a polyester tri/ tetraol-polyether diol or a polyether tri/tetraol-polyester diol.

Additional patents which disclose radiation curable poly lurethane oligomers ar~ U.S.

Patent Nos. 3,929,929; 4,089,763;

4,174,307; 4,309,526 and 4,312,798.

Constant efforts are being made to improve the properties of radiation curable compositions. In the radiation curable ¦ coatings area, there is a need for compositions which have lenhanced cure response, and, after being cured, improved abrasion ¦1 resistance and improved tensile strength. `~ I' I .

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1;~3'7~33 SUM~ARY OF THE INVENTION ¦~ This invention is directed to radiation curable acry¦,lated polyurethane oligomers.

In one aspect this invention perlitains to acrylated polyurethane oligomers which have enhanced cure ¦response and which, after being cured, have improved abrasion resistance and improved tensile strength.

In another aspect this invention relates to a process for improving the abrasion resistance and cure response of radiation cured coating compositions.

The radiation curable compositions of this invention are acrylated polyurethane oligomers which are blends of the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate, a polyether diol and a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate and the reaction product of an organic diisocyanate, a polyether triol and a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate.

The organic diisocyanate is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate.

The polyether diol is a dihydroxy terminated polyalkylene oxide which contains 2 to ~ carbon atoms in each alkylene group and which has a molecular weight of about l800 to about 1500.

The polyether triol is a trihydroxy terminated ,polyalkylene oxide which contains 2 to 3 carbon atoms in each alkylene group and which has a molecular weight of about 300 to about 750.

The alkyl group of the hydroxyalkyl acrylate contains 2 to 3 carbon atoms.

The reactants are reacted in the following !Iproportions: about on~ mole of diisocyanate is reacted per hydroxyl group of the polyether diol and polyether triol; about one mole of hydroxyalkyl acryla~e or methacrylate is reacted per mole of diisocyanate.

The blends contain an average acrylate or methacrylate functionality of about 2.4 to about 2.6.

Il The radiation curable compositions of this invention can ¦Ibe made by preparing e:ch re:ct on prodact, i.e., the reaction ,,1 r-~ ~ 2 7 33 l I ¦product based on the polyether diol and the reaction product basedl ! on the polyether triol and then blending the two products.

The ¦l~radiation curable composition can also be prepared by preblending I the polyether diol and the polyether triol in a molar ratio of about 0.9:1 to about 1.1:1 and then reacting this blend with the diisocyanate and the hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ll The diisocyanates useful in this invention are organic aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates which contain two iso- I llcyanate groups per molecule and no o~her groups which are reactivei ¦,with hydroxyl groups.

Examples of such diisocyanates are 1,6-hexa ! methylene diisocyanate, 1,4-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-tri~'methyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate), isophorone ll diisocyanate, l-methyl-2,4-diisocyanacyclohexane, and the like.

,IThe preferred diisocyanates are 4,4'-methylene-bis~cyclohexyliso- 1 ~ cyanate), isophorone diisocyar.ate and mixtures thereof. I ¦ The polyether diols useful in this invention ar~ ! dihydroxy terminated polyalkylene oxides having 2-~ carbon atoms in each alkylene group.

Such polyether diols are made by poly!merizing ethylene oxide, or propylene oxide, or mixtures thereof Ito form block copolymers, with a dihydric initiator.

Such initiators are ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and the like.

Useful polyether diols have molecular weights of about 800 to about 1500. A most preferred polyether diol has a molecular weight of about 1000.

The polyether triols useful in this invention are trihydroxy terminated polyalkylene oxides having 2-3 carbon atoms in I _ 4 _ , ~ I ~3~,33 I .

l each alkylene group. Such polyether trio~s are made by polymeriz¦ ing ethylene oxide, or propylene oxide, or mixtures thereof to I form block copol~ers, with a trihydric initiator. Such initiators l'are trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, glycerol, 1,2,4¦I-butanetriol and the like.

Useful polyether triols have molecular ¦Iweights of about 300 to about 750. A most preferred polyether ¦ldiol has a molecular weight of about 4400 !

The hydroxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates useful in ' this invention contain one radiation polymerizable double bond and ~ one aliphatic hydroxyl group.

The alkyl group contains 2 or 3 ~ carbon atoms.

Such hydroxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates are hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

In preparing the compositions of this invention, the components are reacted in such proportions that the equivalents of isocyanate groups are equal to the total hydroxyl groups in the polyols and the hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate.

Specifically, one mole of diisocyanate is reacted for each hydroxyl group of the polyol and one mole of hydroxyalkyl acrylate or ~ methacrylate is reacted for each mole of diisocyanate.

The poly ether diol and the polyether triol are used in the molar ratios of about 0.9:1 to about 1.1:1.

The use of these ratios results in an a~erage acrylate or methacrylate functionality of about 2.4 to about 2.6.

The preferred molar ratio of diol to triol is 1:1, llwith the average functionality being 2.5.

¦ In preparing the compositions of this invention, the reaction product of the diol and ~he reaction product of the triol can be made separately, followed by blending of the finished products.

In an alternate procedure, the diol and triol can be l blended together followed by reaction with the diisocyanate and the hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate.

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, 1~i'7233 The components can be reacted in any order. For inll stance, all of the components, the diisocyanate, the polyols and !~ the hydroxyalkyl ester can be added together and reacted. The ¦Ireaction can be conducted stepwise by reacting with the hydroxy~ alkyl ester. Preferably, the hydroxyalkyl ester is reacted with the diisocyanate followed ~y reaction with the polyol.

The reaction conditions forming the acrylated polyurethane o igomers are reactions well known to those skilled in 1 the art. Generally, the reactions are carried out at a tempera I ture of about 30C. to about 120C., preferably about 80C. to about 105C.

A urethane formation catalyst can be used in these reactions. Such catalysts include dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin diacetate, dibutyltin oxide, stannous oleate, ctannous tallate, lead octoate, triethylamine, morpholine, piperazine and the like. I In order to prevent polymerization of the acrylate or methacrylate groups during the reaction, an inhibitor can be added. Such inhibitors include hydroquinone, methyl ether hydro , quinone and phenothiazine.

1 Ihe reaction can be conducted in a solvent or, preferably, in the absence of a solvent. If a solvent is used it can be a chemically inert solvent, such as xylene, toluene, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and the like. However, if a chemically inert Isolvent is used, it must be removed from the reaction product when the reaction is completed in order to be able to formulate a 100 reactive curable composition.

If a solvent is used, the preferred solvents are reactive solvents, i.e., solvents which contain double bonds which are polymerizable by radiation.

Examples of l such solvents include alkyl acrylates or methacrylates having up !i to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group such as ethyl acrylate, Il - 6 ~ 1~37~33 ~ butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, methyl ¦¦methacrylate, octyl methacrylate and the like.

Other reactive l~solvents are alkoxyalkyl acrylates or methacrylates, such as ¦ methoxybutyl acrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxypropyl ¦i acrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate and the like.

Additional lireactive solvents include allyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, ¦Icyclohexyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, cyanoethyl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, acrylated fatty alcohols, acrylated aliphatic diglycidyl ethers and the liXe.

I,The amount of solvent used is such that the finished product has the desired application viscosity.

Generally, the amount of solvent will vary from O to about 5Q weight percent based on the ~total weight of oligomer and solvent, and, preferably, about 10 to about 20 weight percent.

The radiation curable compositions of this invention ;can be cured by any of the known actinic radiation curing methods.

The radiation can be ionizing radiation, either particulate or ~non-particulate or non-ionizing radiation.

As a suitable source of particulate radiation, one can use any source which emits ' electrons or charged nucleii.

Particulate radiation can be generated from electron accelerators such as the Vander Graff ,l accelerator, resonance transformers, linear accelerators, insulat ing core transformers, radioactive elements such as cobalt 60, strontium 90, etc.

As a suitable source of non-particulate ioniz~ing radiation, any source which emits radiation in the range of Ifrom about 10-3 anystroms to about 2000 angstroms can be used.

¦Suitable sources are vacuum ultraviolet lamps, such as xenon or ~krypton arcs.

As a suitable source of non-ionizing radiation, any I source which emits radiation from about 2000 angstroms to about I! 4000 angstroms can be used.

Suitable sources are mercury arcs, 1 - 7 I,j ! ~ 1'~3'7Z3~3 1 carbon arcs, tungsten filament lamps, sunlamps, lasers and the like. All of these devices and sources are well known in the art and those skilled in radiation technology are fully aware of the l,manner in which radiation is generated and the precaution to be ¦exercised in its use.

¦ When the radiation curable coating compositions are to be cured by exposure to non-ionizing radiation, e.g., ultraviolet, !

photoinitiators are added to the composition.

Suitable photoinitiators, which are well known in the art, are 2,2-diethoxy, acetophenone, 2,3, or 4-bromoacetophenone, benzaldehyde, benzoin, benzophenone, 9,10-dibromoanthracene, 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone, 2,3-pentanedione, hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, xanthone and the like.

Such photolnitiators are added in amounts up to about 10 weight percent based on the weight of the total curable compo- ¦ sition, and, preferably, about 1 to about 5 weight percent.

Photoactivators can also be used in combination with the photoinitiators.

Examples of such photoactivators are methyl,amine, tributylamine, n-methyldiethanolaminej 2-aminoethylethanolllamine, cyclohexylamine, diphenylamine, tribenzylamine and the like.

~I The radiation curable compositions of this invention are preferably used as coating compositions.

The coatings can be applied by conventional means, including spraying, cultain coating, dip padding, roll coating and brushing procedures.

The coatings `Ican be applied to any acceptable substrate, such as wood, metal, glass, fabric, paper, fiber, plastic, etc.

The acrylated polyurethane oligomers can be used with no dilution or can be diluted with active solvents in order to adjust the viscosities of the system for coating applic~tions.

ISuitable reactive solvents are those referred to hereinbefore.

!IAdditional reactive solvents are hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxy I I l!

' 1~,3 7233 ¦Ipropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl metha¦ crylate, and the like.

¦l Additional additives include wetting agents, fillers, j,defoamers, dyes and pigments, the uses of which are well known in the art.

The following ex~mples describe the invention in more detail.

Parts and percentages unless otherwise designated are parts and percentages by weight.

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1; EXA~PLE 1 To a suitable reactor were added 528 parts of 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate), 0.87 part of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.15 part of phenothiazine.

Hydroxyethyl acrylate , 220 parts, was then added over a 2 hour period.

During the first hour and 20 minutes of the addition period, the temperature rose to 123F. due to the exothermic reaction.

Heat was then applied ! raising the temperature to 154F.

Ten minutes after all the hydroxyethyl acrylate had been added, the addition of 1000 parts polyo~y ~ f yle~e ~2~0 ` of po~ ethilcnc glycol having an average molecular weight of ;1000 was begun and continued over a 2 hour period with the tempera ture rising to 190F.

Heating at 190-210F. was continued over a 3 hour period.

I The resulting product had a viscosity of 10,125 cps at j150F., #28 Brookfield spindle at 20 RPM, a solids content of 198.9%, a free NC0 content of 0.02% and an average functionality ¦of two acrylic groups per molecule.

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i I 1 ~37~33 1 EXAMPLE 2 '.

To a suitable reactor were added 528 parts of 4,4'I;-methylene-bis~cyclohexylisocyanate), 0.52 part of dibutyltin l¦dilaurate and 0.2 partof phenothiazine.

Hydroxyethyl acrylate, ¦l232 parts, was added over a 2 hour period with the temperature ¦¦rising to 136F.

Heat was then applied raising the temperature l to 150F. A polyoxypropylene triol based on trimethylolpropane I having an average molecular weight of 440, 282 parts, was then ~ added over a one hour period with the temperature rising to 175F.

The temperature was then raised to 195F. and was held at 195F.

to 198F. for 3 hours.

After this heating period the NC0 content was 0.97%.

After additional heating at 200F. for about 8 hours, the NC0 content was reduced to 0.03~.

~ The resulting product had a viscosity of 112,400 cps at 200~F., #28 Brookfield spindle at 2.5 RPM, a solids content of 95.8% and an average functionality of three acrylic groups per molecule.

;: ' ~ EXAMPLE 3 To a suitable reactor were added 449 parts of isophorone diiso~yanate, 0.5 part of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0~3 part of "phenothiazine. Hydroxypropyl acrylate, 263 parts, was then added over a 2 hour period with the temperature risiny to 128F.

Heat was then applied raising the temperature to 155F. A polyoxypropylene triol based on trimethylolpropane having an average molecular weight of 440, 286 parts, was added over a one hour period with the temperature rising to 190F.

Heating at 195I,-200F. was continued for 7 hours and 15 minutes.

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_ 10 - il 1 '72~3 ll l The resulting product had a viscosity of 19,250 cps at 200F., #28 spindle at 10 RPM, a solids content of 100%, an NC0 content of 0.2% and an average functionality of three acrylic groups per molecule. .

EXAMPLE 4 " To a suitable reactor were added 568 parts of 4,4' -methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate), 477 parts of isophorone ' diisocyanate, 1.4 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 0.84 part of phenotriazine.

Hydroxypropyl acrylate, 559 parts, was then added l' l over a 2 hour period with the temperature rising to 157F. After I :one hour heating at 146~155F., addition of a mixture of 831 parts po/y ox ./ bu,ty/~n ~ of the polyo~ thylcnc glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 and 364 parts of a polyoxypropylene triol based on trimethylolpropane having an average molecular weight of 440 was begun and continued for 2 hours with the temperature rising to 206F.

After about 8 hours heating at 200F., the NC0 content was 0.05%.

The resulting product had a viscosity of 3,890 cps at I 200F., #28 spindle at 50 RPM, a solids content of 100% and an l~average acrylic functionality of 2.5 acrylic groups per mDlecule. .

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EXAMPLE 5 1. 1 Using the same procedure described in the preceding examples, 987 parts of isophorone diisocyanate were reacted with 578 parts of hydroxypropyl acrylate followed by reaction with a DO/YO~ t~/e~"~ mixture of 859 parts of the ~ glycol, average molecu ¦llar weight 1000, and 376 parts of the polyoxypropylene triol based 30 'on trimethylolpropane, average molecular weight 440.

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37233 ¦I The resulting product has a viscosity of 2,19S cps at 200F., #28 spindle at loo RPM, a solids content of 100%, an NC0 content of 0.09% and an average functionality of 2.5 acrylic groups l`per molecule.

S EXAMPLE 6 . - il Using the same procedure described in the preceding l examples, 1100 parts of 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate) 0 l were reacted with 542 parts of hydroxypropyl acrylate followed by p/~ v ~4t~ /e,7~ ~l I reaction with a mixture of 805 parts of the ~ diol, c~.~ '. I average molecular weight 1000, and 353 parts of the polyoxypropylene triol based on trimethylolpropane, average molecular weight 440.

The resulting product had a viscosity of 6,950 cps at 200F., #28 spindle at S0 RPM, a solids content of 100~, an NC0 content of 0.04% and an average functionality of 2.5 acrylic groups per molecule.

EXAMPLE 7 , . , To a suitable reactor were added 1100 parts of 4,4' -methylene~bis(cyclohexylisocyanate), 1.4 parts of dibutyltin i dilaurate and 0.84 part of phenothiazine.

After thorough mixing, ~ 311 parts of ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate were added.

The temperature was adjusted to 75F. and addition of hydroxypropylacrylate, i 542 parts, was begun.

The addition was completed after 2 hours I!with the temperature rising to 148F.

After holding at a tempera-' ! ture of 148-150F. for 1 hour, the addition of a mixture of 805 I j ,oo~l/o,~ /e~ ¦parts of 'po~ye~cth~ cnc glycol, average molecular weight 1000, Il - 12 ,i, . ..

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~ 7~33 ¦¦and 353 parts of polyoxypropylene triol based on trimethylolllpropane, average molecular weight 440, was begun.

This addition ¦Iwas completed in 1 hour and 2 minutes with the temperature rising ¦,to 190F.

Heating at 190-202F. was continued over a 7 and one- j -half hour period.

The resulting product had a viscosity of 8,080 cps at 150F., #28 spindle at 20 RPM, an NC0 content of 0.13% and an average acrylate functionality based on the diol and triol of 2.5 acrylic groups per molecule.

EXAMPLE 8 A radiation curable composition was made by mixing ; together 55.6 parts of the product of Example 7, 30 parts of triI'methylolpropane triacrylate, 14.4 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 2 parts of hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone (Irgacure 184 obtained from Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Additives Dept.).

Films were iprepared on filled particle board at 0.5 mil thickness and were ll l ,~cured at a line speed of 50 feet per minute with a Fusion Ultra I violet Curing Unit, Model F-440, Fusion Systems Corporation, Rockville, Maryland with two 300 watt per linear inch mercury vapor lamps. The films after being cured exhibited 100% adhesion ~ to the subs~rate, had a methylethyl ketone (MEK) resistance of ¦igreater than 200 double rubs, a pencil hardness of 8H and Taber abrasion resistance of 1.25 mg. weight loss. I Adhesion of the cured coatings to the substrate was de- I termined as follows: the coatings were cross~hatched with scratchl lines so as to form 100 squares The cross-hatched area was cov- ¦ 'lered with 3M Company 610 Scotch Cellophane tape and even pressure was applied to th tape so that it would adhere evenly to the ~ r~ - 13 !!

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1~7233 ¦~ coating.

The tape waC then pulled from the coating and the % adhesion was determined by counting the squares which were removed by the tape.

Taber abrasion resistance was determined on a Taber ¦P.braser, Model E-4010, using CS-17 wheels with a 1000 gram load.

The abrasion resistance is reported as the milligrams of coating lost during the abrasion test after 1000 cycles.

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EXAMPLE 9_ !

A number of radiation curable compositions were prepared by blending the various components as listed in the following table:

, _ Example ' Component 9A 9B 9C9D 9E 9F9G 9H 9I9J 9K 9L Example 1 ~ 45 22.5 18 13.5 9 27 31.5 36 Example 2 45 22.5 27 31.5 36 18 13.5 9 I Example 7 50 , Ebecryl 264* 50 50 ! EOEOEA** 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 I,~VP*** 20 20 20 2020 20 2020 20 2020 20;

i TMPTA**** 30 30 30 3025 30 3030 30 3030 30 I Irgacure 187 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 * Aliphatic urethane acrylate obtained from UCB, Societe ~ Anonyme, B elg ium~ rra Je ~rk ~i ** Ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate *** N-Vinyl pyrrolidone ll**** Trimethylolpropane triacrylate 3C ~ 11 14 .. .. ... . . . ... .. _ . . . .. ~ , . .

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3~'Z33 1, ¦ Coatings were prepared on filled particle board at 0.5 llmil thickness and were cured in the curing unit described in ¦IExample 8.

Cure speed is reported as feet per minute per double Il lamp (F/M/dl) and is the ~aximum speed at which a tack-free film lis obtained. ~brasion resistance is reported as milligrams of film lost using the test method described in Example 8. Acrylate functionality is the average functionality per molecule.

Abrasion , Cure Speed Resistance Acrylate I Example F/M/dl _ mg.wt.loss Functionality 'I 9A 50 43.5 2 9B 75 27.8 3 ~C 125 12.4 2.5 9D 12.5 23.2 3 9E 12.5 24.3 3 , 9F 100 14.3 2.5 9G 100 21.9 2.6 9H 100 23.1 2.7 1 9I 100 26.6 2.8 j 9J 100 25.1 2.4 9K lOo 29.7 2.3 i; 9L 100 31.0 2~2 " _ :

, As can be seen from the abrasion resistance results l listed above, the minimum weight loss was obtained when the ~ acrylate functionality per molecule was 2.5.

EXAMPLE 10 ~, Radiation curable coatings were prepared by blending !Ivarious components in the proportions listed in the following I I - 15 - ~ 11 , ' 1~37~33 table. Coatings were prepared on filled particle board and were cured and tested using the procedures described in the Examples 8 and 9.

Examples lOA lOB lOC Components Example 6 50 l Example 5 50 !

Example 4 50 l~ TMPTA 30 30 30 ' NVP 20 20 20 Irgacure 184 2 2 2 I Properties Cure Speed F/M/dl60 60 60 I Abrasion Resistance 13.7 19.3 19.2 '' mg. wt. lo~s Acrylate Functionality 2.5 2.5 2.5 I EXAMPLE 11 ~, Radiation curable coating compositions were prepared hy blending the acrylated urethane of Example 7 with trimethylpropane triacrylate, the dimethacrylate of polyethylene glycol (M~W. 600) (DAPEG), n-vinyl pyrrolidone and Irgacure 184 in the following '~proportions:

Components _Example Example 7 50 50 TM2TA 30 30 DAPEG 20 10 ~ , I; Irgacure 184 2 2 I' - ` ` .

~l - 16 - ' , . . . . ~ ~3~33 ¦ Coatings were prepared on filled particle board and were cured as described in Example 9.

The abrasion resistance for llA was 33.9 mg. weight loss and for llB it was 41.0 mg.

l~weight loss.

j EXAMPLE l2 Il ~ I Radiation curable coatings were prepared by blending 1 various components in the proportions listed below.

Coatings ' were prepared on filled particle board and were cured and tested using the procedures described in Examples 8 and 9.

Examples llA llB llC ' Components ~xample 3 15 25 50 Example 1 85 75 50 TMPTA 30 30 30 NVP 20 20 20 Irgacure 1~4 2 2 2 I Properties Abrasion Resistance 20.3 29.7 16.8 mg. wt. loss Acry ate Functionality 2.15 2.25 2.5 1.

EXAMPLE 13 Radiation curable coatings were prepared by blending a trifunctional acrylic urethane based on an aliphatic diisocyanate,j ilExample 3 product, with a difunctional acrylic urethane based on ` I an aromatic diisocyanate. This difunctional acrylic urethane, 11l identified below as TDI, was made using the procedure described il - 17 1;~37233 ¦lin Example 1 wherein toluer.e diisocyanate was substituted on an ¦lequivalent basis for 4,4'-methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate).

ji Examples 13A 13B 13C_ IjComponents Example 3 50 25 15 TDI 50 75 85 TMPTA 30 30 30 NVP 20 20 20 Irgacure 184 2 2 2 ,,Properties " Abrasion Resistance 42.2 51.1 66.21 mg. wt. loss Acrylate Functionality 2.5 2.25 2.15 In this example, the best abrasion resistance is found ','with the blend having an acrylate functionality of 2.5 as was shown in the preceding examples. However, if the results of this example are compared with those of Example 12, it can be seen that much better abrasion resistance is obtained when all of the iso Icyanate in the urethane is aliphatic rather than aromatic.

,l EXAMPLE 14 , i Using the procedure described in Example 7, an acrylated !urethane having an average acrylate functionality of 2.5 was prepared using a triol based on a polyester rather than a polyether.

This triol was NIAX PCP 0310, PolycaproLactone supplied by Union 1, Carbide.

This acrylate urethane was formulated into a radiation curable coating and was compared with the product of Example 7 ~formulated in the same manner.

!1 ` ~* r~-~rr e ~1ork - 18 _ ! i 33 ExamPles 14A 14B Components Example 7 50 I Example 14 50 ~ TMPTA 30 30 NVP 20 20 ¦ Irgacure 184 3 3 ¦Properties Cure Speed, F/M/dl 125 60 ll Adhesion to Oak Board 100~ 98% Il Adhesion to Panel Board 100% 100% ¦ MEK Resistance, Double Rubs >200 >200 l' Abrasion Resistance, mg.wt.loss 11.4 15.3 ,. I 1', ., , ¦, EXAMPLE 15 1', 1.

¦l A number of acrylated urethanes were formulated and ! cured using the procedure described in Example 8. The tensile I strength and elongation of the cured compositions were determined ~with a Universal Testing Unit, Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts~ operating at 50% per minute strain rate (1 inch per iminute with an initial gap separation of 2 inches).

~ - 19 ''" '7~33 Tensile Strength Elongation Composition psi ~Example 7 2800 22 IlExample 1 385 33 liCMD 67001 617 36 IIUvith~ne 8932 399 22.6 ¦IUvithane 7833 472 28 lUvithane 782~ 40 65 Ebecryl 264' 2430 35 Aromatic Urethane Acrylate supplied by Celanese Specialty Resins, a Division of Celanese Corporation 2 Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate supplied by Thiokol Specialty Chemicals Divisicn ~i ~ ' 3 Aromatic Urethane Acrylate supplied by Thiokol Specialty i5 Chemicals Division~ -1rradé ~la~ , 4 Aromatic Urethane Acrylate supplied by Thiokol Specialty Chemicals Division Aliphatic Urethane Acrylate supplied by UCB, Societe Anonyme , ., ' il The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification.

The invention which is intended to be protected herein, however, is not to be construed as limited to ilthe particular forms disclosed, since these are to be regarded as ~lillustrative rather ~han restrictive. Variations and changes may l¦be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the ¦! spirit of the invention.

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