Digital and Analog Power Control for an OFDMA/CDMA Access Terminal

(54) Title: DIGITAL POWER CONTROL AND (57) Summary:

ANALOG FOR AN ACCESS TERMINAL

OFDMA / CDMA (30) Unionist Priority: 25/03/2008 us 12 / 055,264, 26/03/2007 US 60 / 896,975 (73) Holder (s): Qualcomm Incorporated (72) Inventor (s): Dhananjay Ashok Gore, Edward Harrison Teague, Hemanth Sampalh (74) Attorney (s): Montaury Pimenta, Machado & Lioce (86) International Request: pct us2008058307 of 26/03/2008 (87) International Publication: wo 2008 / 118982de 02/10/2008

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DIGITAL AND ANALOG POWER CONTROL FOR AN OFDMA / CDMA ACCESS TERMINAL.

Related Reference

This order claims the benefit of provisional order US serial number 60 / 896,975, filed on March 26, 2007, entitled DIGITAL AND ANALOG POWER CONTROL FOR AN OFDMA / CDMA ACCESS TERMINAL, and assigned to the assignee of the gift and which is incorporated here as a reference in its entirety.

Field of the Invention

<td></td><td>THE</td><td>description a</td><td colspan="2">follow</td><td>refers generically</td><td>The</td>

<td>systems</td><td>in</td><td>Communication</td><td>without</td><td>thread</td><td>and more particularly</td><td>The</td>

<td>control</td><td>in</td><td>power</td><td>for</td><td>one</td><td>access terminal</td><td>in</td>

multiple channels.

Description of the Prior Art

Wireless communication systems are widely used to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data and so on. These systems can be multiple access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, transmission power and bandwidth). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access systems (CDMA), time division multiple access systems (TDMA), frequency division multiple access systems (FDMA), Long Term Evolution systems ( LTE) 3GPP and multiple access systems by orthogonal frequency division (OFDMA).

Generally speaking, a wireless multiple access communication system can simultaneously support communication to multiple wireless terminals. Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via

2/58 transmissions on direct and reverse links. The direct link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations. The communication link can be established through a single sign-in, single sign-out, multiple sign-in or sign-in multiple sign-out (MIMO) system.

A MIMO system employs multiple transmission antennas (N_T) and multiple receiving antennas (N_R) for data transmission. A MIMO channel formed by the transmission antennas N_T and N receiving antennas_R can be decomposed into independent N channels_s, which are also referred to as space channels, where N_s &lt;min {N_T, N_R}. Each of the independent channels N_s corresponds to a dimension. The MIMO system can provide improved performance (for example, higher transmission capacity and / or greater reliability) if the additional dimensions created by the multiple transmit and receive antennas are used.

A MIMO system supports a duplex time division (TDD) system and a duplex frequency division system (FDD). In a TDD system, direct and reverse link transmissions are in the same frequency region so that the principle of reciprocity allows the estimation of the direct link channel from the reverse link channel. This allows the access point to extract transmission beam gain in the direct link when multiple antennas are available at the access point.

Some wireless communication systems employ multiple modulation waveforms to transmit data (for example, both CDMA and OFDMA). Each of these multiple modulation waveforms can have definitions

3/58 different power and must be controlled so that a device is not transmitting too much power (for example, causing interference) or too little power (for example, not communicating properly). Thus, there is a need to control the different power settings for multiple modulation waveforms.

Summary of the Invention

The following provides a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of those aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all aspects considered, and is neither intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor to outline the scope of all or any aspects. Its exclusive purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to one or more aspects and corresponding disclosure thereof, several aspects are described in relation to the power control for an access terminal that employs multiple modulation waveforms (for example, OFDMA and CDMA). The power setting for each channel can be controlled regardless of when a mobile device transmits an access probe and is included in a wireless communication system until the mobile device enters the constant state.

According to one aspect, a method is provided to provide power control for at least two modulation waveforms used in a wireless communication system. The method may include setting a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform using open loop power control and control

4/58 closed-loop power. The method may also include adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform and adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform. Both the reverse link control channel of the second modulation waveform and the reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform can be adjusted in relation to the reference power level.

Another aspect concerns wireless communication equipment that includes a memory and a processor. The memory can retain instructions related to setting a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform using open loop power control and closed loop power control, adjusting a digital gain a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform as a function of the reference power level, and adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform as a function of the reference power level. The processor can be coupled to the memory and configured to execute the instructions held in the memory.

Yet another aspect refers to wireless communication equipment that facilitates power control. The equipment may include a means to define a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform using open loop power control and closed loop power control. A means for adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform in relation to the

5/58 reference power and a means to alter a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform in relation to the reference power level.

Yet another aspect refers to a machine-readable medium having stored in it, machine-executable instructions for transmitting an access probe, determining a receiving power for a single sector, and defining a reference power for a control channel. reverse link. The instructions can also be to change a digital gain of a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform as a function of the reference power and to change a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second form of modulation wave as a function of the reference power.

In a wireless communication system, another aspect refers to equipment that includes a processor. The processor can be configured to define a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform using open loop power control and closed loop power control. The processor can also be configured to adjust a digital gain of a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform and adjust a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform. Both the reverse link control channel of the second modulation waveform and the reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform can be adjusted in relation to the reference power level.

For the purposes of the above and related purposes, one or more aspects comprise the

6/58 features hereinafter fully described and particularly indicated in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set out in detail certain features illustrating one or more aspects. These characteristics are indicative, however, of just a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. Other advantages and new features will become evident from the following detailed description when considering in combination with the drawings and the revealed aspects they intend to include all these aspects and their equivalents.

Brief Description of Drawings

Figure 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to several aspects presented here.

Figure 2 illustrates a multiple access wireless communication system according to one or more aspects.

Figure 3 illustrates a wireless communication system in which a mobile device provides power control for channels of at least two modulation waveforms.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary mobile device power control interface that uses a power control algorithm.

Figure 5 illustrates several components of the mobile device that use a power control algorithm according to the revealed aspects.

Figure 6 illustrates a method for controlling the power of multiple modulation waveforms in a wireless communication system.

Figure 7 illustrates another method for power control of multiple modulation waveforms.

Figure 8 illustrates a system that facilitates power control for an access terminal according to one or more of the revealed aspects.

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Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication system.

Figure 10 illustrates an example system that controls power for channels that use different modulation waveforms.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Several aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, for the sake of explanation, numerous specific details are set out to provide a complete understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such (such) aspect (s) can be put into practice without these specific details. In other instances, well-known devices and structures are shown in the form of a block diagram to facilitate the description of these aspects.

As a component, order, the terms and similar are intended for computer, hardware, used in that 'module, system to include an entity related to firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or running software. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process that runs on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a flow of execution, a program, and / or a computer. As an illustration, both an application that runs on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside in a process and / or flow of execution and a component can be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can run from various computer-readable media having multiple data structures stored therein. Components can communicate through processes

8/58 local and / or remote as per a signal having one or more data packets (for example, data from one component interacting with another component on a local system, distributed system, and / or over a network like the Internet with other systems using the signal}.

In addition, several aspects are described here with respect to a wireless terminal. A wireless terminal can also be called a system, device, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal, communication device, agent user, user device, or user equipment (UE). A wireless terminal can be a cell phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a smart phone, a wireless local loop station (WLL), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop, a portable communication device, a portable computing device, a satellite radio, and / or other processing device for wireless communication. In addition, several aspects are described here with respect to a base station. A base station can be used to communicate with a wireless terminal (s) and can also be referred to as an access point, a B node, or some other terminology.

Various aspects or characteristics will be presented in terms of systems that can include different devices, components, modules and the like. It should be understood and recognized that the various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and / or may not include all devices, components, modules, etc., discussed with respect to the figures. A combination of these approaches can also be

9/58 used.

Referring now to Figure 1, a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated according to various aspects presented here. System 100 may comprise one or more base stations 102 in one or more sectors that receive, transmit, repeat, etc., wireless communication signals between themselves and / or to one or more mobile devices 104. Each base station 102 may comprise multiple transmitter and receiver chains (for example, one for each transmit and receive antenna), each of which in turn comprises a plurality of components associated with the transmission and reception of signals ( for example, processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.). Each mobile device 104 can comprise one or more transmitter chains and receiver chains, as used for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. Each transmitter and receiver chain may comprise a plurality of components associated with the transmission and reception of signals (for example, processors, modulators, multiplexers, demodulators, demultiplexers, antennas, etc.) as will be recognized by a person skilled in the art.

The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to transmit and control multiple modulation waveforms, each of which may have different power settings. For example, instead of simply being an OFDMA system or a CDMA system, the wireless communication system 100 can employ both OFDMA and CDMA (or other modulation waveforms). In this way, the two channels can be connected at substantially the same time when a mobile device 104 is transmitting since a portion of the bandwidth is

10/58 for the first modulation waveform (for example, CDMA) and a portion of the bandwidth is for the second modulation waveform (for example, OFDMA). The power of these channels must be adjusted so that a specific mobile device is not transmitting too much power than is nominally needed and is not transmitting less than is necessary to communicate effectively. Thus, the use of the revealed aspects can facilitate the adjustment of the power definition of these channels so that an appropriate amount of nominal energy is used.

The power control can be provided by directly adjusting a power amplifier. This technique is commonly used for a communication system that includes only a single modulation waveform, such as a communication system that is only OFDMA or only CDMA. However, according to the revealed aspects, there are at least two types of modulation waveforms used and, in each waveform, there may be channels that are multiplexed together. For example, in a CDMA waveform, channels that can be multiplexed together include access channels, CQI requests, and so on. In an OFDMA waveform, examples of channels that can be multiplexed include an ACK control channel, a reverse link data channel, and others. With so many different channels, each with different waveforms and each with different power settings, the power setting for each channel must be controlled independently as predicted by the revealed aspects.

Figure 2 illustrates a multiple access wireless communication system 200 according to one or more aspects. A wireless communication system 200 can

11/58 include one or more base stations in contact with one or more user devices. Each base station provides coverage for a plurality of sectors. A three sector base station 202 includes multiple antenna groups, one including antennas 204 and 206, another including antennas 208 and 210, and a third including antennas 212 and 214. According to the figure, only two antennas are shown for each group of antennas, however, a greater or lesser number of antennas can be used for each group of antennas. The mobile device 216 is in communication with antennas 212 and 214, where antennas 212 and 214 transmit information to the mobile device 216 through the direct link 220 and receive information from the mobile device 216 through the reverse link 218. The direct link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to mobile devices, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from mobile devices to the base stations. The mobile device 222 is in communication with antennas 204 and 206, where antennas 204 and 206 transmit information to the mobile device 222 through the direct link 226 and receive information from the mobile device 222 through the direct link 224.

Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are assigned to communicate can be referred to as a base station sector 202. In one or more respects, antenna groups are individually designed to communicate with mobile devices in a sector or in areas covered by base station 202. A base station can be a fixed station used to communicate with the terminals.

Figure 3 illustrates a wireless communication system 300 in which a mobile device provides power control for at least two modulation waveforms, as for the CDMA and OFDMA channels. Although several aspects

12/58 are described here with reference to CDMA and OFDMA, the aspects are not limited in this way and are applicable to systems and / or transmitters that transmit multiple modulation waveforms each with different power settings.

Logical channels can be classified into Control channels and Traffic channels. Downlink Physical Layer (DL PHY) channels can include SCCH (Shared Control Channel); PBCCH (primary broadcast channel), SBCCH (secondary broadcast channel); and CPICH (Common pilot channel in preamble of superframe). UPlink Physical Layer (UL PHY) channels can include CDMA control channels, OFDMA control channels and Data channels (DCH). CDMA control channels include a Channel Quality Indicator Channel (CQICH), a Request Channel (REQCH), and a Random Access Channel (RACH). OFDMA control channels include a Confirmation Channel (ACKCH).

As illustrated, the wireless communication system 300 can include an access point 302 that is communicating with a mobile device 304. A mobile device 304 enters the geographic region or cell served by access point 302, turns on, or transitions from an Inactive State to a Connected State, mobile device 304 can transmit an Access Probe. The Access Probe is used to determine which access points 302 are comprised in the area and other information needed by the mobile device 302 to use the wireless communication system 300. The Access Probe is sent in a Probe Power proportional to a power average measure received from a Reverse Link Service Sector (RLSS). Successive access probes can be sent at a higher power until an Access Grant is successfully received and decoded on the

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Connected.

establish

Connected, a reference means 306 of the mobile device 304.

Substantially at the same time that the Access Grant is received from access point 302, the mobile device 304 can transition to a State While in the State power level mobile device 304 can be configured to adjust a RL reference power (Link reverse) of a first modulation waveform, such as CDMA RL, referred to as PCTRL. The reference power can be adjusted using both open and closed loop power control. In open-loop power control the means of establishing reference power level 306 can update the reference power RL based on a difference in the average received power of RLSS during successive Superframe Preamble intervals. In closed-loop power control, the means of establishing reference power level 306 can update a reference power of the mobile device 304 based on erasure bits sent from access point 304, which will be discussed in further detail below. According to some aspects, in closed loop power control, the means of establishing 306 reference power level can update the reference power using received up - down power control bits

Additionally or alternatively, from the point the level of access

302 reference power can be updated by adjusting settings of a

Power amplifier, an analog front end and digital to analog converter.

digital gain modifier · channel one of

A 308 control can be configured to adjust the digital gains of a Request control channel (REQ), a

14/58 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) control channel, a recognition control channel (ACK), or combinations thereof. The digital gains of the control channel (s) are adjusted so that these channels are reinforced in power in relation to the RMA CDMA reference power (PCTRL). According to some aspects, the digital gain of the control channel can be adjusted by a factor proportional to a gain of the reverse link control channel. The digital gain can be applied to a modulator block before an IFFT stage of a reverse link modulation multiple waveform transmitter.

A Data Channel 310 digital gain modifier can adjust a digital gain of a Reverse Link Data Channel (R-DCH) relative to the RL control channel of a first modulation waveform, such as CDMA RL control channel. , by a factor proportional to a reverse data Channel Gain (RDCHGain). According to some aspects, digital gain modifiers can report the tuple [RDCHGain, corresponding MaxSubCarriers) in an InBandPowerControl block of the MAC header of the RTCMAC package. According to some aspects, the digital gain can be applied to a modulator block before an IFFT stage of a reverse link modulation multiple waveform transmitter (for example, OFDMA-CDMA).

Additionally or alternatively, the digital gains of the data channels and control channels are enhanced in power if a first modulation waveform channel (eg, CDMA) is not present in a reverse link transmission frame. According to some aspects, the digital gains of the data channels and control channels can be limited to a maximum predetermined gain to decrease the generation of interference caused to other devices in the system

15/58 wireless communication.

A power control interface 312 can also be included in the mobile device 304. The power control interface 312 can use a power control algorithm that can apply the following rules. Erase-based closed loop power control for CDMA RL channels is supported. UpDown-based closed-loop power control is not supported. For RDCH transmission, the mobile device 304 could not update the RDCHGain parameter based on other sector Interference (OSI) bits sent in the superframe preamble and other fast OSI bits sent in F-SSCH. In other words, the power control algorithm might not try to decrease inter-cell interference. For RDCH power control, the mobile device 304 could ignore the RDCHGain value sent in the Reverse Link assignment block (RLAB). In other words, the terminal could take over without mobile intruders and that the access point 302 does not need to control each mobile device 304 in power. Additional information regarding the power control interface 312 and power control algorithm will be discussed with reference to figure 4.

The mobile device 304 can additionally transmit an in-band and / or out-of-band message. The message can include details on a maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers that can be transmitted. The maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers may be subject to Power Amplifier limitations and maximum predetermined gain limitations.

System 300 may include memory 314 operatively coupled to mobile device 304. The memory

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314 it can be external to mobile device 304 or it can reside on mobile device 304. Memory 312 can store information regarding the definition of a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform (for example, CDMA) using open loop power control and power control of closed loop and adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform (for example, OFDMA) and / or a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform in relation to the reference power level, and other appropriate information related to the power control of multiple modulation and communication waveforms in a network. A processor 316 can be operatively connected to receiver 304 (and / or to facilitate the analysis of information to the power control in a communication network and execute the instructions retained in the memory. The processor 316 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing and / or generating information received by the mobile device 304, a processor that controls one or more components of the system 300, and / or a processor that both analyzes and generates information received by the mobile device 304 and controls one or more components of the 300 system.

Memory 316 can store protocols associated with power control and / or take action to control communication between mobile device 304 and base station 302, etc., such that system 300 can employ stored protocols and / or algorithms for achieve enhanced communication over a wireless network as described here. It should be recognized that the data storage components (for example, memories) described here can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or they can be 314 related memory)

17/58 include both volatile and non-volatile memory. As an example and not a limitation, non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache memory. By way of example and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (DRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 314 of the revealed aspects is intended to understand, without being limited to, these and other appropriate types of memory.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary mobile device power control interface that uses a 400 power control algorithm. Entries in the 400 power control algorithm can include three parameters. The first input parameter is an average Receive Power (Rx) per antenna per sector 402. The average Rx power per antenna per sector 402 is represented by p_{k; S}: average reception power per antenna-index k and sector-index s refers

PilotPN. It must be recognized that provided by the PreambleCPICH processing algorithm. This algorithm processes Common Pilots (CPICH) that occur in the superframe preamble, which will be discussed in further detail below. According to one aspect, this parameter is updated throughout the duration of the superframe, which can be approximately 25 ms, in one example. In addition, this parameter can be converted into a more significant dBm value, which will be discussed in further detail below.

to a sector this parameter is

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A second input parameter is a DVGA, AGC, Energy estimated by antenna 404. The DVGA, AGC, Energy estimated by antenna 404 can be represented by:

G_k: 8-bit analog gain status, for each antenna (indexed by k);

: estimated energy filtered in a linear domain through multiple superframes at the output of an ADC, for each antenna (indexed by k); and

AND_k: instantaneous estimated energy in linear domain in the current superframe at the output of the ADC, for each antenna (indexed by k).

It must be recognized that the above parameters can be computed by the DVGA block and are common across all sectors. In one example, these parameters can be updated in each superframe preamble (for example, approximately 25 ms).

third input parameter is an Erase Value by sector 406. The Erase Value by sector can be represented by:

and_s: erasure value for sector-index, where

Again, this parameter must be computed to process SSCH demod to recognize that this by an algorithm of the appropriate PHYFrame FL indices f given by the following equation:

(MACID) mod (FLPCReportlnterval) = (12s + f) mod (FLPCReportlnterval)

Equation 1

It must be recognized that the above parameters can be computed by the DVGA block and are common through

19/58 from all sectors. In one example, these parameters can be updated in each superframe preamble or, according to some aspects, approximately 25 ms.

The outputs of the power control algorithm can include a Power control record value 408. The freckle power control record value can be represented by:

PCReg: PA registry value that controls an analog transmission power from the mobile device.

It must be recognized that the mobile device can update this value with each RL PHYFrame with CDMA RL control channel.

Another output is a Modulator Scaling Factor 410. This output 410 can include the following registers, which can be programmed through the power control interface 410. The registers include MOD_ RACH, MOD_RCQICH, MOD_REQCH, RACKCH packet descriptor, and MOD__FD_BUFF . It must be recognized that these records can be mentioned by other names and the registries described here are used to describe the various aspects. The MOD_RACH field can be RACH_POWER. The MOD_RCQICH field can be RCQICH_POWER. MOD_REQCH can include the RREQCH_POWER field. The R-ACKCH Package Descriptor Record can include the R-ACKCH_POWER field. The MOD_FD_BUFF record can include the POWER Segment field of the Package Segment.

According to some aspects, RACH_Power, RCQICH POWER, and RREQCH_POWER can be individually a number of si.14 bit and R_ACKCH_POWER and POWER_DENSITY of the Package Segment can be individually an s2.13 bit number. S1.14 represents a signed number that has an integer bit and fourteen fractional bits. S2.13 represents one bit of two integers and thirteen bits

20/58 fractional. One or more of the various aspects of the present invention is described with reference to that representation, (sl. 14 and / or s2.13) which is only a single mode in which the revealed aspects can be implemented. It should be understood that other representations can be chosen to implement the revealed aspects.

Another output can be a Parameter

InBandPowerControl (RTC-MAC Protocol) 412. According to one aspect, the InBandPowerControl Parameters (RTC-MAC Protocol) output, the power control algorithm can update the following fields of the

InBandPowerControlBlock from the RTC MAC package: RDCHGainlndex and MaxSubCarriers. RDCHGainlndex can have the following range of values:

RDCHGainlndex = floor [(7.5 / (RDCHGainMax - RDCHGainMin)) * (RDCHGain - RDCHGainMin)].

MaxSubCarriers can have the value range, 0, 2^Λη, where n = 4 to 11.

According to some aspects, the power control algorithm 400, implemented by the power control interface 410 can include configuration parameters. These configuration parameters can include the OAM parameters, and their default values. In one example, these values ​​can be changed every time the mobile device is reset, but they are not changed during normal mobile device operation.

An example of the Power control configuration parameters is given in table 1 below:

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<td>Parameter</td><td>Protocol</td><td>Banner of values</td><td>Value default</td>

<td>ProbeRampUpStepSize</td><td>ExtendedChannell nfo OMP</td><td>0.5 * (1 + n) dB. (n = 0 to 2^Λ4-1)</td><td>3dB</td>

<td>OpenLoopAdj ust</td><td>ExtendedChannell nfo OMP</td><td>70 + n dB. (n = 0 to 2^Λ8-1)</td><td>81 dB</td>

<td>OpenLoopTransitionT ime</td><td>Attribute of RCC configuration MAC</td><td>7.5n ms n = 0,1,2,3.</td><td>2 3 ms</td>

<td>RLCtrlPCMode</td><td>ExtendedChannell nfo OMP</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>

<td>FLPCReportInterval</td><td>OMP</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td>

<td>PowerControlStepUp</td><td>ASMP</td><td>(n + l) * 0.25 dB n = 0 to 7</td><td>1 dB</td>

<td>PowerControlStepDow n</td><td>ASMP</td><td>(n + l) * 0.25 dB n = 0 to 7</td><td>1 dB</td>

<td>ACKChannelGainAdj us tment</td><td>Local variable from RCC-MAC</td><td>0 + dB</td><td>6 dB</td>

<td>REQChannelGainj, j = 0 , 1,2,3</td><td>ExtendedChannell nfo OMP</td><td>-8dB to 7 dB in increments of 1 dB</td><td>3 dB</td>

<td>CtrlAccessOffset</td><td>ExtendedChannell nfo OMP</td><td>-4dB to 3 dB in increments of 1 dB</td><td>0 dB</td>

<td>CQICHPowerBoostForH andoff</td><td>Attribute of configuration</td><td>0.125n dB n = 0 to 2^Λ8-1</td><td>6 dB</td>

<td>REQCHPowerBoostForH andoff</td><td>Attribute of configuration</td><td>0.12 5n dB n = 0 to 2^Λ8-1</td><td>6 dB</td>

<td>DataCtrlOffSet</td><td>pBCHl</td><td>0.5n dB n = 0 a 2^Λ4 —1</td><td>7.5 dB</td>

<td>RDCHGainMin</td><td>ASMP</td><td>(0.25 * n - 4) dB n = 0 to 63</td><td> 11.75</td>

<td>RDCHGainMax</td><td>ASMP</td><td>(RDCHGainMin + n) dB n = 0 a 15</td><td> 26.75</td>

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<td>ADC PWR</td><td rowspan="4">Level of power calibrated on ADC output</td><td rowspan="4"> -100:0.25:0</td><td rowspan="4">dB</td><td rowspan="4">-17.0 dBm</td>

<td></td>

<td></td>

<td></td>

<td>REF PWR</td><td>Level of power of calibration on RFEE input</td><td colspan="2">-200: 0.25: 50 dB</td><td>-56.0 dBm</td>

<td>RX1_OFFSET 0 7</td><td>Adjusting power when gain state AGC 1 is switched on</td><td> 0:0.25:50</td><td>dB</td><td>21 dB</td>

<td>RX1 OFFSET 7 14</td><td>Adjusting power when gain state AGC 2 is switched on</td><td> 0:0.25:50</td><td>dB</td><td>21 dB</td>

<td>RX_RFEE_PATH LOSS</td><td>Lost of RFEE route</td><td> 0:0.25:100</td><td>dB</td><td>0 dB</td>

<td>Table AT_TX_GainCTL</td><td>Table of 512 entries with a mapping between dBm value and the PA record of 9 bits</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>

<td>REFLEVEL</td><td>This is the Level of reference PCTRL in the band digital base, measure in units of # of LSBs</td><td> 1-15</td><td></td><td> 3</td>

Table 1

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Figure 5 illustrates various components of the mobile device 500 that use the power control algorithm 502 according to the revealed aspects. It should be noted again that several aspects are described here with reference to CDMA and / or OFDMA for ease of understanding, however, the aspects are thus not limited and are applicable to multiple modulation waveforms each with different power settings. The operation of the power control algorithm may include a computation of an average Rx power. The average receiver power (Rx) per antenna per sector can be estimated by a CPICH 504 Preamble processing block and is indicated as p_k,_x, where k is the antenna index and s is the sector index, as discussed above with reference to figure 4. These values ​​are digital numbers that must be translated into a significant dBm value. For this purpose, an estimated energy computed at the output of an ADC 506 (as discussed above) can be used, since this value has a direct mapping to the dBm value, depending on the gain state of AGC 504. The parameter of estimated energy at the output of ADC 506 is indicated E_k. It must be recognized that this parameter has contributions from all sectors (for example, multiple base stations).

From the above, the estimated energy at the output of ADC 504 by sector can be computed for sector-index if antenna index k as follows:

<img file="BRPI0809466A2_D0002.tif" />

Equation 2

The energy estimated above can be mapped to dBm in physical reception antennas by normalizing the same

24/58 for full-scale ADC power and subtract the analog gain as follows:

^AEk, s = 101og ι 2 (ADBitWidth — V)

-ADC PWR + REF _PWR + RXRFFEPA TH LOSS + RX1 OFFSET07 x 1 ^ ,,, + RX1_OFFSET_7_I4 x I_MaeI2 (in dBm)

Equation 3 where iGainstatei = 1 when analog Gain State 1 is active and analog Gain State 2 is inactive; and lGainstate2 = 1 when analog Gain States 1 and 2 are active. Otherwise, these variables take the value of 0. In one example, the parameter ADBitWidth = 14- 'bits, and the calibration variables REF_PWR, RX_RFEE_PATH_LOSS, RX! _OFFSET_0_7 and RX1_OFFSET_7_14 are known parameters, or are user programmable on the call .

From the above, the average received power mediated across all receiving antennas (in dBm) is given as:

AE_s = lOlog —γιο¹m_rT (in dBm)

Equation 4 where M_R is the number of receiver antennas for the mobile device.

According to one aspect, an Access Probe Power Computation can be calculated as the

25/58 follow. To transition from the Inactive State Protocol to the connected State Protocol, the mobile device 500 sends Access Probes to the access point through the CDMA RL control channel. The InitialAccessPower can be determined based on the OpenLoopAdjust parameter (obtained from overheads) and the average received power of the pilot CPICH Preamble of the sector where the access attempt is being made:

InitialAccessPower = —AE_TargetSector - OpenLoopAdjust

Equation 5

MeanRxPower [AE where the target sector will be updated in each Preamble of superframe, during the entire access procedure.

The OpenLoopAdjust parameter is typically computed as:

OpenLoopAdjust = -AP_Transmít_Power (dBm) - Target AP receiving power (in dBm).

As an example, a nominal target ACH AP receiving power of -114 dBm can be assumed to correspond to a target C / I = -17 dB for the ACH probe received at the access point a background noise of -97 dBm&gt; In addition , a nominal 33 dBm AP_Transmit_Power can be assumed. These parameters lead to an OpenLoopAdjust value = 81 dB.

According to one aspect, if the mobile device 500 does not successfully decode an Access Grant from the access point, then the mobile device 500 transmits Access Probes as power levels successively

26/58 crescents computed as:

ProbePower = InitialAccessPower +

ProbeRampUpStepSize * (ProbeNumber - 1)

Equation 6

The 502 mobile power control interface transmits probes on the desired ProbePower (in dBm), by programming a 508 power amplifier accordingly. Specifically, the power control interface 502 uses Table AT_TX_GainCTL which converts the computed ProbePower (dBm) value into a bit-x value and communicates it to a 510 power amplifier register. Where x is an integer and according to one aspect, x is equal to 9. These x-bits are signaled to the 508 power amplifier to allow transmission at the desired power. The AT_TX_GainCTL table is programmable.

In one example, during the Access Procedure, the power control interface 502 programs a Modulator block 512 as follows. The RACK_POWER field of a MOD_RACK record is set to a value of 2^Λ(-11).

According to another aspect, the CDMA RL Reference Power Computation (PCTRL) can be calculated as follows. After the mobile device 500 successfully decodes an Access Grant from an access point, the mobile device 500 initializes a CDMA RL control channel reference power parameter called PCTRL as follows:

P_CTRL - ProbePower + CtrlAccessOffset

Equation 7

This parameter can be updated using

27/58 open-loop and closed-loop power control as discussed below.

In an example of open loop power control, if OpenLoopTransitionTime is set to zero, the mobile device does not perform the open loop power adjustment procedures described in this section. Otherwise, the mobile device measures the average received power from the RLSS [AE_RLSS] during each superframe preamble and the average received power measured in the previous superframe of the RLSS. step change in the average received superframe preamble power since the previous superframe preamble of the RLSS is calculated as:

compares it with during the preamble First, a

ReceivedPowerChange (dB) from

ReceivedPowerChange = AE_RISK [currentSuperFrame] - AE _RLSS [PreviousSuperFrame]

Equation 8

The value of P_CTRL transitions to its final value of P_CTRLReceivedPowerChange, according to the following rule:

Pctrl (0 ^— Pctrl (0) - ReceivedPowerChange x min t

OpenLoopTransitíon Time, 1

Equation 9 where t indicates the time since the last RLSS superframe preamble and is measured in the same units as OpenLoopTransitionTime.

In an aspect control interface

28/58 power 502 (which can be referred to as the mobile device software 500) transmits the CDMA control channels at the PCTRL reference power (in dBm), by programming the power amplifier 508 accordingly. Specifically, the power control interface 502 uses Table AT_TX_GainCTL which converts the computed ProbePower value above (dBm) into a bit-x value and transmits it to the 510 power amplifier register, where x is an integer and according to one aspect it is equal to nine. These x-bits are then signaled to the 508 power amplifier to allow transmission at the desired power.

In an example of closed-loop power control, the RLCtrlPCMode for RLSS is defined in 'ErasureBased' (for example, an 'ErasureBsed' power control is implemented). In this mode, the mobile device 500 can handle the CEI FL bit for the mobile device that is sent on the F-SSCH of the RLSS as the power control command for the RLSS. Specifically, the mobile device 500 monitors the CEI FL bit in the PHYFrames FL 'f' indices computed below, with the proviso that it has transmitted a valid R-CQICH report in the most immediate PHYFrame RL containing a CDMA control segment before the index of PHY Frame FL 'f' according to equation 1 above.

When the CEI bit transmitted via the appropriate F-SSCH is '1', for the power update operation the mobile device increases the corresponding Pqtrl by the PowerControlStepUp dB. When the CEI bit transmitted via the appropriate F-SSCH is '0', for the power update operation the mobile device decreases the corresponding PCTRL by PowerControlStepDown dB. It must be recognized that these changes in P values_Çtrl can

29/58 be in addition to any changes determined by the open loop power control algorithm discussed above.

According to one aspect, the 502 power control interface transmits the CDMA control channels at the updated PCTRL reference power (in dBm), by programming the 508 power amplifier accordingly. Specifically, the power control interface 502 uses Table AT_TX_GainCTL which converts the computed PCTRL value (dBm) above into a bit-x value and transmits it to the 510 power amplifier register. These x-bits (where x can be 9) are then signaled to the 508 power amplifier to allow transmission at the desired power. The mobile device 500 adjusts the relative power levels of the CDMA RL control channels (with respect to the PCTRL reference power) and R-ACK control channel digitally, which will be described in detail below.

According to one aspect, if the RCQICH report does not contain an FL handoff request (mobile device is not in handoff) then:

GqíCI! ⁼ PcTRL

Equation 10

To accomplish this, the power control interface 502 can program the Modulator block 512 by setting the RCQICH_POWER field (sl.14) of the MOD_RCQICH register to a value of 2 ^{114 REFLEVEL)} . If_O the R-CQICH report contains an FL handoff request (for example, DFLSS is different from FLSS), the CQI report is a CQICHCTRL, the ActiveSetIndex field in the CQI is the DFLSS active set index, and the DFLSS indicator in the CQI is defined in '1'), then

30/58

Pcqich ⁼ Pctrl + CQICHPowerBoostForHa ndoff

Equation 11

To accomplish this, the power control interface 502 can program the Modulator block 512 by setting the RCQICH_POWER field (sl.14) of the MOD_RCQICH register to a value:

floor ^. -REFLEVEL)_χ | QCQICHPowerBoostForHandoff / 20

<img file="BRPI0809466A2_D0003.tif" />

which in sl.14 format has the interpretation:

_χ yçyCQlCHPowerBoostForHandoff / 20 _χ2¹⁴

Equation 12

It should be recognized that if the R-CQICH report contains a FL handoff request and CQICHPowerBoostForHandoff is greater than zero, the mobile device 500 ignores the CEI FL bit from the RLSS, if the RLSS Erase Bit indicates a Shutdown.

According to one aspect, REQChannelGainj is the same for all QoS levels RL, j. The transmission power of R-REQCH can be computed for the RLSS and DRLSS, according to the following rules: if the DRLSS is different from the RLSS, then:

Preqch - ^andctkl + REQChannelGain j + REQCHPowerBoostForHandoff

To perform the power boosters above, the 502 power control interface can program the Modulator block

31/58

512 as follows. The power control interface 502 can set the field RREQCH_POWER (sl.14) of the MOD RREQCH record to a value:

fl, OOr X 'YÇf-REQChannelGainj + REQCHPowerBoostForHandoff} / 20 2 ^^ which in sl.14 format has an interpretation:

floor {2

- (14-REFLEVEL)

X 10 (REQChannel Gainj + REQCHPower BoostForHa ndoff) / 20

2¹⁴}

I 14

Equation 13

If DRLSS is equal to RLSS, then ^ reqch = Pctrl + REQChannel Gainj

Equation 14

To perform the power boosters above, in one example, the power control interface 502 can program the Modulator 512 block by setting the field RREQCH_POWER (sl.14) of the MOD_RREQCH register to a value:

y76X9r {2^_(14“^jRÊFijEP®’ⁱ⁾ x iQU &amp; Q^ChannelGainD^{! 20}_x 2¹⁴ J in which the sl.14 format has a floor interpretation {2

- (14-REFLEVEL)

X 10 (REQChannel Gainj) / 20

2^μ }

Equation 15

In one aspect, unlike R-CQICH and R-REQCH, R-ACKCH can be transmitted using OFDM modulation.

32/58

For example, the R-ACKCH transmission power can be computed only for the FLSS according to the following expression:

ACK

CTRL

ACKCtrlOffset + ACKChannelGain + ACKChannelGainAdjustment

Equation 16

The ACKChannelGainAdjustment is a programmable OA&amp;M parameter and defined limitations:

ACKCtrlOffset = DataCtrlOffset

ACKChannelGain -

RDCHGain-lOloglO

ACK

V NCTRL-SUBCAKR1ERS.

SAW_CDMA = '

RDCHGain

NonRLCC lOloglO

ACK

N,

CDMA - θ

CTRL — SUB CARR1ERS.

Equation 17 where I_CDma is an indicator function. Icdma = 1 indicates

PHYFrames RL containing CDMA RL control segment, and Icdma = θ indicates PHYFrames RL that do not contain RDMA RL control segment, where N_ACK = 8 is the number of ACK subcarriers, for any given OFDM symbol.

The above can help to ensure that the RACK broadcast PSD is ACKChannelGainAdjustment (dB) hotter than the R-DCH broadcast. It should be recognized that in some circumstances R-ACK may need to be sent in a PSD higher than R-DCH to minimize ACK-to-NACK error, especially in circumstances where ACK-to_NACK detection is not available. To provide R-ACK transmission at the appropriate power, the 502 power control interface can program the

33/58 Modulator block 512 for setting the RACKCH_POWER (s2.13) field of the R-ACKCH Package Descriptor to a value:

floor \ 2-⁽¹⁴“^ ™ ^ χ1θ '

ACKCtrlOffset + ACKCharmelGain j / on + ACKChannelGainAdjustment which in s2.13 format has an interpretation:

(ÁCKCtrlOffset + ACKChannelGain floOf \ RZFLEVEL) _χ JqI + ACKChannelGainAdjustment _χ ^13 ,13

Equation 18

RDCHGain&gt;

to transmit

According to another aspect, for a given RL-ATA, the mobile device 500 could adjust the digital gain of the R-DCH channel in relation to the CDMA RL control channel by a factor proportional to RDCHGain. This is referred to as Delta-based power control. In one example, the RDCHGain parameter is only defined for RL frames with CDMA control channel, as discussed below:

If the mobile device 500 has an RL-ATA corresponding to an RL Frame with CDMA control segment, the mobile device 500 can transmit R-DCH subcarriers with the highest RDCHGain that is allowed by total power amplifier limitations. If the RDCHGainMax, the mobile device 500 can R-DCH subcarriers in the RDCHGainMax. If the maximum supportable subcarriers are less than sixteen tones, then the mobile device 500 assumes that the maximum supportable subcarriers are equal to sixteen tones and computes the corresponding RDCHGain. The mobile device then reports the tuple [RDCHGain and MaxSubCarriers] in the InBandPowerControl block of the MAC header of the RTC34 / 58 packet

MAC. This assists the programmer-RL AP algorithm to determine the appropriate RL-ATA for future transmissions.

If the mobile device 500 has a valid RL-AT corresponding to Quadro RL with NO CDMA control segment, the mobile device 500 can transmit R-DCH subcarriers with the highest power spectral density (call this parameter RDCHGain_NonRLcc) which is allowed by total power amplifier limitations. If the RDCHGain_NonRLCC &gt; RDCHGainMax, the mobile device 500 can transmit R-DCH subcarriers in RDCHGainMax. The mobile device 500 can compute the maximum supportable subcarriers that assume RDCHGainMax, total power amplifier limitations and the presence of Quadro RL with CDMA control segment. If the maximum supportable subcarriers are less than sixteen tones, then the mobile device 500 maximum supportable subcarriers and compute the corresponding RDCHGain. The mobile device 410 can report the tuple [RDCHGain and MaxSubCarriers] in the InBandPowerControl block of the MAC header of the RTCMAC package. This assists the programmer-RL AP algorithm to determine the appropriate RL-ATA for future transmissions:

For PHYFrames RL containing CDMA RLLC, the power control interface 502 can program the Modulator block 512 by setting the Power Density (s2.13) of the MOD FD BUFF to a value:

can assume that they are equal to sixteen floor \ -QA-REFLEVEL)

DataCtrlOffset + RDCHGain xlO / 20 which in s2.13 format has an interpretation:

35/58

Γ DataCtrlOffset + RDCHGain}, floor \ 2 ^ - ^ ™ χ 10^{ν J} χ 2¹³ &gt;

y-3

Equation 19

For PHYFrames without CDMA RLCC, the power control interface 502 can program the Modulator block 512 by setting the Power Density (s2.13) of the MOD FD BUFF to a value:

77oorÍ2-⁴-^{M, II}&gt; xio '

DataCtrlOffset + KDCHGain nonrlcc / 20 which in s2.13 format has an interpretation:

floor

DataCtrlOffset + RDCHGain _NONRLCC Ί / ₂-(14^™^)_χ1θ1 J _x213 »13

Equation 20

It must be recognized that the RDCHGain parameter_NonRLCC is computed only for PHYFrames RL that do not contain a CDMA RL control segment.

In one aspect, the mobile device 500 reports the maximum supportable subcarriers (MaxSubCarriers) to the RDCHGainMax through the in-band MAC header of theRL package (at InBandPowerControlBlock). The exception being that if the maximum supportable subcarriers (MaxSubCarriers) is less than sixteen, then MaxSubCarriers is defined at sixteen and corresponding RDCHGain less than RDCHGainMax is reported. As explained above, RDCHGain is computed only for PHYFrames RL with segment

36/58 CDMA RL control.

According to one aspect, the maximum bearable subcarriers are computed for solving for Nc = Nc, max, resulting in:

Nc

MAX floor [log ₂ (ΐθ^{φ / 1}° )]

Equation 21 where

Φ = 10 log

PP ¹ MAX UN ¹ RLCC LIN

H-10^{r / 1}° + 10 log₁₀ N_CTRL__SUBCORRERS - DataCtrlOffset - P_CTRL - RDCHGainMax

Equation 22

If Nc, max computed above is less than sixteen tones, then Nc, max is set equal to sixteen, and the corresponding RDCHGain is calculated as:

log

P - P ^± MAX LIN ^Λ RLCC LIN

RDCHGain = ¹⁰ l + 10^{z /}’°

DataCtrlOffset - 10 log₁₀ (N_{c MAX} = 16) + 101og₁₀[THE₍

CTRL -SUBCARRIERS

CTRL

Equation 23

In an example of closed-loop power control, closed-loop power control on the CDMA RL channel enables the mobile device 500 to close the RL link. In addition, it can be used to compensate for fading and interference (since there is no H-ARQ in the

37/58 control channel). The closed-loop power control on the CDMA RL channel can additionally be used to avoid a near-distant effect on the CDMA control channel and / or conserve energy as much as possible on the mobile device, resulting in each user (for example, mobile device) transmitting the minimum power needed to close the link. Additionally or alternatively, closed-loop power control on the CDMA RL channel can be used to decrease interference in other sectors.

The closed-loop power control can operate in two modes: closed-loop power control based on erasure and / or power control based on UpDown. In closed loop power control based on Erase, the mobile device updates its reference power based on the erase bits sent from the access point. In UpDown-based power control, the reference power of the mobile device is updated based on the up-down power control bits sent from the access point. The CDMA RL control channels (R-CQICH and R-REQCH) are decoded by the access point that assumes erasing decryption. The following performance can be performed on that channel:

. Pr [Erasure] &lt;50%. Pr [Error | Not Erased] &lt;0.1%

For wipe-based power control, the access point can ensure a target wipe rate by sending Wipe commands to the mobile device according to the following equation:

38/58

Pr [Erasure] PowerControlStepUp = (l-Pr [Erasure]) (PowerControlStepDown).

Equation 24 mobile device compared to others

An example of delta-based power control can be implemented as follows. For a given RLATA, the R-DCH channels are reinforced by power in relation to the CDMA RL control channel by a factor proportional to RDCHGain. This is referred to as a delta-based power control. The basic philosophy of delta-based power control is that a mobile device wants to transmit as much as possible (PA max power) without creating intracell and intercell interference.

Intracell interference is caused by ICI at the access point, when the certain received power is substantially higher on mobile devices with adjacent frequency resources on the same PHYFrame. The effect of this ICI is diminished by limiting RDCHGain to an RDCHGainMax factor, the latter defined in the Active Set Message Protocol. In general, this results in RDCHGainMin &lt;= RDCHGain &lt;= RDCHGainMax. RDCHGainMin can be set to obtain a minimum target rate for edge users (for example, mobile devices). RDCHGainMax can be set to RDCHGainMin to satisfy the ICI Margin.

Intercell interference can be controlled by updating the RDCHGain parameter based on the interference bits from another sector (OSI) sent in the superframe preamble and Other fast OSI bits sent in F-SSCH from sectors other than RLSS, as well as ChanDiff measured (difference in path loss between a certain sector and RLSS) for these sectors. However, it must be recognized that in some instances, this aspect of power control might not be implemented.

39/58

According to one aspect, the access point may be allowed to control the power of an intrusive mobile device by having the mobile device transmit an RDCHGain value sent in an RLAB. From a system capacity point of view, conceptually strong users should transmit a high RDCHGain and weak users should transmit at a low RDCHGain, to maximize the transmission capacity of the sector.

In an example of an RDCHGain Computation, the 10 power of R-DCH, PDCH, for RL Frames with CDMA RL control segment can be computed as:

P_Dch ~ Pctkl - 1 θ l ° gioctkl-subcakriers) +1 θ Ιθβιο ÍÃc) RDCHGain + Data Ctrl Offset

Equation 25

The transmission power R-ACKCH can be computed only for the FLSS according to the following expression:

P_ACK - Pctrl + ACKCtrlOffset + ACKChannelGain + ACKChannelGainAdjustment

Equation 26

In an example, the following limitations can be assumed:

A CKCtrlOffset = DataCtrlOffset

A CKChannelGain = RDCHGain - 10 log 10

ACK

N

V CTRL-SUBCARRIERS

Equation 27

40/58 therefore:

PdCH P_THECK - 1 θ l ° gi₀

N_çN ACK - ACKChannelGainAdjustment

Equation 28

The mobile device power amplifier limitation results in equality:

P ₊p + P —p ^í DCH LIN ' ¹ ACK LIN ¹ RLCC LIN ^± MAX LIN

Equation 29

Where the LIN subscript refers to values ​​computed in the linear domain. In other words:

Pdch - Ιθΐθβιο Pdch lin ^and // 10 _ ^± DCH LIN

ACK LIN like this:

Pdch = 101og₁₀

P - P ¹ MAX LIN ¹ RLCC LIN + 10

-//10

Equating the above equations results in:

41/58 Logo

P - P ^rMAX LIN 'XI.CC UN + 10

- // 10 - DataCtrlOffset - 10 log₁₀ N_ç

RDCHGain = me + 10 lo₁₀ [N_ctrl -SUBCARR1EKS] RcTRl

RDCHGainMax

Equation 30

In an example of an RDCHGain Computation_N0NRLccr the RDCHGain parameter_{At the}nRLcc is computed only for PHYFrames RL that do not contain a CDMA RL control segment. For PHYFrames without CDMA RLCC, the power of the R-DCH can be computed according to the equation:

^ DCH ⁼ PcTRL ^— 1 θ 10 CTRL-SUBCÂRR1ERS) + 1 θ l ° g 10 (- ^_ç ) + RDCHGaifl_NonRLCC +

DataCtrlOffset

Equation 31

Following a similar discussion as above, it results in:

RDCHGain = min log.

P ¹ MAX LIN _{1 + 1 (r}// io + 10 log! the [N_C7,_w -SUBCARRIEKS 1 RlT &lt;L

RDCHGainMax - DataCtrlOffset —10 log₁₀ N_ç

Equation 32

In view of the exemplary systems shown and described above, methodologies that can be implemented

42/58 all of these stored according to the revealed material, will be better appreciated with reference to the following flowcharts. Although for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of blocks, it must be understood and recognized that the claimed matter is not limited by the number or order of blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and / or simultaneously with other blocks from what is represented and described here. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methodologies described below. It must be recognized that the functionality associated with the blocks can be implemented by software, hardware, a combination of them or any other appropriate means (for example, device, system, processes, component). In addition, it must be recognized that the methodologies revealed below and in a descriptive report are capable of being in an industrial product to facilitate transport and transfer of such methodologies to various devices. Those skilled in the art will understand and recognize that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, as in a state diagram.

Referring now to Figure 6, a method 600 for power control of multiple modulation waveforms in a wireless communication system is illustrated. According to some aspects, the 600 method can control channels of multiple modulation waveforms, such as CDMA channels and OFDMA channels. Method 600 can be used when a mobile device transmits an access probe and is included in the wireless communication system until the terminal enters a constant state, or during other times.

43/58

Method 600 starts at 602 when a reference power level is established. The reference power level can be for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform (for example, CDMA). The power level can be established by using open loop power control and closed loop power control. The use of open loop power control to define the reference power level may include the use of a difference in average received power from a reverse link service sector during successive superframe preamble intervals. There are two ways to use closed-loop power control to set the reference power level: closed-loop power control based on erasure and power control based on üpDown. For closed loop control based on erase, erase bits received from an access point are used to update the reference power level. For UpDown-based power control, up-down power control bits received from an access point are used to update the reference power level. According to some aspects, the definition of a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of the first modulation waveform using open loop power control and closed loop power control is given by Pctrl + ProbePower + CtrlAccessOffset (Equation 7 above). In addition or alternatively, the reference power level can be updated by adjusting settings for a Power Amplifier, an Analog Front End, and a Digital to Analog Converter.

In 604, a digital gain from a reverse link control channel is adjusted as a function of the level of

44/58 reference power. The reverse link control channel can be a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform (for example, OFDMA). The digital gain of the reverse link control channel can be adjusted by a factor proportional to a reverse link control channel gain. According to some aspects, the digital gain is applied to a modulator block before an IFFT stage of a multi-modulation waveform transmitter (for example, OFDMA-CDMA) of reverse link.

At 60 6, a digital gain of a reverse link data channel is adjusted. The reverse data channel can be a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform. The adjustment may be relative to the reference power level, which was defined in 602. According to some aspects, the adjustment may be a factor proportional to a reverse data channel gain. Additionally, or alternatively, the digital gain can be applied to a modulator block before an IFFT stage of a reverse link modulation multiple waveform transmitter.

According to some aspects, the digital gains of the reverse link data channel and the reverse link control channel can be limited to a maximum predetermined gain. Limiting digital gains can decrease the interference generated caused by other mobile devices in a wireless communication system. According to other aspects, the digital gains of the reverse link data channel as well as the reverse link control channel can be strengthened in potency if a channel of the first modulation waveform is not present in a reverse link transmission frame .

In addition, according to some aspects, the

45/58 method 600 may also include transmission to an access point of an in-band or out-of-band message, which may include details about a maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers that can be transmitted. This maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers can be a factor of a Power Amplifier's limitations and / or maximum predetermined gain limitations.

Figure 7 illustrates another method 700 for power control of multiple modulation waveforms. Method 700 starts, at 702, when an access probe is transmitted. The access probe is transmitted when a mobile device wants to transition from an inactive state to a connected state. When the access probe is sent, there is only one device channel because the mobile device is not transmitting data. Access probe is transmitted at a probe power that can be proportional to an average received power measured from the RLSS. Successive access probes can be sent at a higher power level until an Access Grant is successfully received and decoded.

To determine the initial power to be sent on an access probe, the mobile device can receive power from a variety of sectors. The power only of the sector to which the access probe is to be sent is determined, as described above, with reference to the average reception power per antenna per sector and the estimated energy per antenna and with reference to Equation 2 and Equation 3 above. In this way, the mobile device receives a total sum of power from all sectors. The mobile device, therefore, determines the power transmitted by sector, and identifies at least one sector.

Substantially at the same time that

46/58

Access grant is successfully decoded, a power level of a reference channel of a first modulation waveform (for example, CDMA) is adjusted, at 704. After the first level of reference waveform channel of modulation is adjusted, the power setting of other channels is adjusted in relation to the control channel of the first modulation waveform, at 706. This adjustment can be performed digitally, which can be performed by a modulator block. For example, in 706, digital gains for multiple channels can be adjusted. These channels include REC, CQI and ACK control channels. The digital gains of the channels can be adjusted so that these channels are reinforced in power in relation to the reference power RL of first modulation waveform (for example, CDMA). A digital gain of an R-DCH channel can be adjusted by a factor proportional to the RDCHGain. According to some aspects, the tuple is reported in an InBandPowerControl block of a MAC header from an RTC-MAC packet.

In 708, the remaining power is allocated to the data channels. According to some aspects, the additional gains of the RDCH are adjusted. After adjusting the RDCH channels, a message that includes the RDDCH gain can be sent to the base station. The (feedback) message informs the base station of the bandwidth that can be supported from the power available on the mobile device. The base station, based on this information, can determine how much power is available at the terminal and how many subcarriers (assignment) should be allocated to the terminal, as well as for other purposes.

The terminal could be moving or the power the terminal receives could change over time because the propagation environment (channel) changes, so the reference level can be continuously monitored and

47/58 adjusted over time. In addition, the receiving power could also change. If the reference level changes, the power amplifier setting is adjusted, which can be an analog setting.

Adjustments may need to be made if the base station, after receiving the channel of the first modulation waveform, determines that the mobile device is transmitting at too high (or too low) power. If adjustments are necessary, the base station can send a feedback message, which can include a CEI bit transmitted via an appropriate F-SSCH. If the CEI bit received is 1, the mobile device must increase the corresponding Pctrl by PowerControlStepüp dB. If the CEI bit received is 0, the mobile device must decrease the corresponding Pctrl by PowerControlStepDown dB. In this way, the various aspects described here refer to power control of multiple modulation waveforms in a wireless communication environment.

Referring now to Figure 8, a system 800 is illustrated that facilitates power control for an access terminal, according to one or more of the revealed aspects. The 800 system can reside on a user device. System 800 comprises a receiver 802 that can receive a signal from, for example, a receiver antenna. The 802 receiver can perform typical actions on it, such as filtration, amplification, downward conversion, etc. the received signal. The 802 receiver can also scan the conditioned signal to obtain samples. A demodulator 804 can obtain received symbols for each symbol period, as well as providing received symbols to an 806 processor.

The 806 processor can be a processor

48/58 dedicated to analyzing information received by the receiver component 802 and / or generating information for transmission by a transmitter 808. In addition or alternatively, the processor 806 can control one or more components of the user device 800, analyze information received by the receiver 802 , generate information for transmission by transmitter 808, and / or control one or more components of user device 800. The 806 processor may include a controller component capable of coordinating communications with additional user devices.

User device 800 can additionally comprise memory 800 operatively coupled to processor 806 and which can store information related to power control adjustment, coordinating communications and any other appropriate information. The 810 memory can additionally store protocols associated with power control. It will be recognized that the data storage components (e.g., memories) described herein may be volatile or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. As an illustration, and not a limitation, non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache memory. As an illustration and not a limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data speed SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), DRAM Synchlink (SLDRAM), and RAM Rambus Direct (DRRAM). The memory 808 of the present systems and / or methods is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and other appropriate types of memory. 0

User device 800 may further comprise a symbol modulator 812 and a transmitter 808 that transmits the modulated signal.

The 802 receiver is additionally operatively coupled to a power level adjuster 814 that defines a reference power level for a reverse link control channel of a first modulation waveform using open loop power control and power control closed-loop. In addition, the receiver 802 can be operatively coupled to a digital gain adjuster 816 that defines a digital gain from a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform and / or a reverse link data channel of the second form modulation waveform in relation to the reference power level.

Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication system 900. Wireless communication system 900 represents a base station and terminal for the sake of brevity. However, it should be recognized that the 900 system may include more than one base station or access point and / or more than one terminal or user device, where additional base stations and / or terminals may be substantially similar or different from the base station exemplary terminal and terminal described below. In addition, it must be recognized that the base station and / or terminal may employ the systems and / or methods described here to facilitate wireless communication between them.

Referring now to figure 9, in a downlink, at access point 905, a transmission data processor (TX) 910 receives, formats, encodes, merges and modulates (or maps in symbols) traffic data and provides modulation symbols (data symbols). A 915 symbol modulator receives and processes the data symbols and

50/58 pilot symbols and provides a flow of symbols. A 915 symbol modulator multiplexes data and pilot symbols and obtains a set of N transmission symbols. Each transmission symbol can be a data symbol, a pilot symbol or a zero signal value. Pilot symbols can be sent continuously in each symbol period. Pilot symbols can be multiplexed by frequency division (FDM), multiplexed by orthogonal frequency division (OFDM), multiplexed by time division (TDM), multiplexed by frequency division (FDM) or multiplexed by code division (CDM) .

A transmitting unit (TMTR) 920 receives and converts the symbol stream into one or more analog signals and further conditions (for example, amplifies, filters, and converts the frequency upwards) the analog signals to generate an appropriate downlink signal for transmission over the wireless channel. The downlink signal is then transmitted through a 925 antenna to the terminals. At terminal 930, an antenna 935 receives the downlink signal and provides a received signal for a 940. The filter, descending in frequency) digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. A symbol demodulator 945 obtains received symbols N and provides pilot symbols received to a processor 950 for channel estimation. 0 symbol demodulator 945 further receives a frequency response estimate for the downlink from the 950 processor, performs data demodulation on received data symbols to obtain estimates of data symbols (which are estimates of transmitted data symbols), and provides the data symbol estimates to an RX 955 data processor, which receiving unit (RCVR) conditions (for example, receiving unit 940 amplifies, and converts the received signal and

51/58 demodulates (ie, unmaps on symbols), deinterleaves and decodes the data symbol estimates to retrieve the transmitted traffic data. The processing by symbol demodulator 945 and data processor RX 955 is complementary to processing by symbol modulator 915 and data processor TX 910, respectively, at access point 905.

In the uplink, a TX 960 data processor processes traffic data and provides data symbols. A 965 symbol modulator receives and multiplexes the data symbols with pilot symbols, performs modulation and provides a flow of symbols. A transmitting unit 970 then receives and processes the stream of symbols to generate an uplink signal, which is transmitted by antenna 935 to access point 905.

At access point 905, the uplink signal from terminal 930 is received by antenna 925 and processed by a receiver unit 975 to obtain samples. A 980 symbol demodulator then processes the samples and provides received pilot symbols and data symbol estimates for the uplink. An RX 985 data processor processes data symbol estimates to retrieve traffic data transmitted by terminal 930. A 990 processor performs channel estimation for each active terminal that it transmits on the uplink.

Processors 990 and 950 guide (for example, control, coordinate, manage ...) the operation at access point 905 and terminal 930, respectively. The respective 990 and 950 processors can be associated with memory units (not shown) that store program codes and data. The 990 and 950 processors can also perform computations to derive pulse and frequency response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.

52/58

For a multiple access system (for example, FDMA, OFDMA, CDMA, TDMA, and the like), multiple terminals can transmit simultaneously on the uplink. For such a system, pilot sub-bands can be shared between different terminals. Channel estimation techniques can be used in cases where the pilot sub-bands for each terminal cover the entire operational band (possibly except for the band edges). Such a pilot subband structure would be desirable to obtain frequency diversity for each terminal. The techniques described here can be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of them. For a hardware implementation, the processing units used for channel estimation can be implemented in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), devices programmable logic (PLDs), field programmable port arrangements (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described here, or a combination thereof. With software, implementation can be through modules (for example, procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described here. The software codes can be stored on the memory unit and executed by the 990 and 950 processors.

Referring to figure 10, an example system 1000 is illustrated which controls power for channels using different modulation waveforms. For example, system 1000 can reside at least partially on a mobile device. Must be recognized

53/58 that system 100 is represented as including function blocks, which can be function blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (for example, firmware).

System 1000 includes a logical grouping 1002 of electrical components that can act separately or in combination. For example, logical grouping 1002 may include an electrical component to define a reference power level 1204. According to an illustration, the reference power level is for a reverse link control channel of a first waveform. modulation (for example, CDMA). The reference power level can be set using open loop power control and closed loop power control. Closed-loop power control can include closed-loop power control based on erasure and / or closed-loop power control based on UpDown. Open loop power control may comprise the use of a difference in average power received from a reverse link service sector during successive superframe preamble intervals. According to some aspects, the definition of the reference power level using open loop power control and closed loop power control is given by Pctrl = ProbePower + CtrlAccessOf f set. According to some aspects, the reference power level can be updated by adjusting the settings of a power amplifier, an analog front end and a digital to analog converter.

Logical grouping 1002 may also include an electrical component to adjust a digital gain from a reverse link control channel of a second modulation waveform (eg OFDMA) as a function of

54/58 reference power level 1006. The digital gain of the reverse link control channel of the second modulation waveform can be adjusted by a factor proportional to a reverse link control channel gain.

In addition, logical grouping 1002 may comprise an electrical component for adjusting a digital gain of a reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform 1008. For example, the digital gain can be adjusted with respect to the power level of reference. According to some aspects, the digital gain of the reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform can be adjusted by a factor proportional to a reverse link data channel gain.

According to some aspects, the digital gain of the reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform and digital gain of the reverse link control channel of the second modulation waveform are enhanced in power without a channel of the first form modulation waveform is not present in a reverse link Transmission Frame. According to some aspects, the digital gain of the reverse link data channel of the second modulation waveform and digital gain of the reverse link control channel of the second modulation waveform are limited to a maximum predetermined gain to decrease the amount of interference generated.

In addition or alternatively, the logical grouping may include a means of transmitting a message in band or out of band (not shown). The in-band or out-of-band message can include details on a maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers that can be transmitted. The maximum number of reverse link data subcarriers may be subject to Power Amplifier limitations and gain limitations

Maximum predetermined 55/58.

In addition, system 1000 may include memory 1010 that holds instructions for performing functions associated with electrical components 1004, 1006 and 1008 or other components. Although shown to be external to memory 1010, it should be understood that one or more of the electrical components 1004, 1006 and 1006 may exist in memory 1010.

It should be understood that the modalities described here can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. When systems and / or methods are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, as a storage component. A code segment can represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class or any combination of instructions, data structures or program instructions. A code segment can be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit to pass and / or receive information, data, arguments, parameters or memory content. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. they can be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any appropriate means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

The various illustrative logics, logic blocks, modules and circuits described with respect to the aspects disclosed here can be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) or an application integrated circuit

56/58 specific (ASIC), a field programmable gate arrangement (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described here. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In addition, at least one or more modules a processor may comprise operable to perform one or more of the steps and / or actions described above.

For a software implementation, the techniques described here can be implemented with modules (for example, procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described here. Software codes can be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit can be implemented in the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor through various means, as known in the art. In addition, at least one processor can include one or more operable modules to perform the functions described here.

In addition, several aspects or features described here can be implemented as a method, equipment or industrial product using standard engineering and / or programming techniques. The term

57/58 industrial product, as used here, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier or, for example, computer-readable media may be limited to media.

include but are not magnetic storage devices (eg hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical discs (eg compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), etc.), smart cards , and flash memory devices (for example, EPROM, card, stick, key unit, etc.). In addition, the various storage media described here may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for information storage. The term machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. In addition, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium having one or more instructions or operable codes to cause a computer to perform the functions described here.

In addition, the steps and / or actions of a method or algorithm described with respect to the aspects disclosed here can be incorporated directly into hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. A software module can reside in RAM, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium can be coupled to the processor, such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the

58/58 storage medium can be integrated into the processor. In addition, in some ways, the processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Additionally, ASIC can reside in an alternative, the processor and reside as discrete user components. Additionally, in some respects, the steps and / or actions of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions in a machine-readable medium and / or a computer-readable medium, which can be incorporated in a computer program product.

What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for the purpose of describing the aforementioned modalities, but a person of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of various modalities are possible. Therefore, the modalities described are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the attached claims. To the extent that the term includes is used in the detailed description or in the claims, that term ο

user terminal. In the mean of storage a terminal can in a similar way to the term is interpreted when transition into one or, as used is intended to be inclusive in understanding as comprising employed as a claim word. Furthermore, the term here in the detailed description or in the claims is intended to be one or not exclusive.