Closed form calculation of temporal equalizer weights used in a repeater transmitter leakage cancellation system

(54) Title: FILTERING TECHNIQUES AND AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL FOR USE IN REPEATER ON CHANNEL.

(51) Int. Cl .: H04B 7/155; H04L 25/03 (30) Unionist Priority: 02/03/2007 US 60 / 904,368 (73) Holder (s): QUALCOMM INCORPORATED (72) Inventor (s): JAMES A. PROCTOR, JR .; KENNETH M. GAINEY; JAMES C. OTTO (74) Attorney (s): MONTAURY PIMENTA, MACHADO & LIOCE (86) International Application: PCT US2008055736 of 03/03/2008 (87) International Publication: WO

2008/109573 of 12/09/2008

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FILTERING TECHNIQUES AND AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL FOR

CHANNEL REPEATER USE

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

Conventionally, the coverage area of ​​a wireless communication network, such as a Time Division Duplex (TDD) - Duplex by Time Division, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) - Duplex by Frequency Division, Wireless-Fidelity (Wi -Fi) - Worldwide Interoperability by Microwave Access (Wi-max), Cellular, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) - Global Cellular System for Mobile Communications, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) - Code Division Multiple Access or 3G based wireless network, can be extended through a repeater. Exemplary repeaters include, for example, frequency translation repeaters or the same frequency repeaters, which operate on either a physical layer or a data link layer, as defined by the Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Model) or Model Basic Reference System for Open Systems Interconnection.

Repeaters of the physical layer can be classified as forming devices of the same frequency or frequency translation. The network architecture associated with where the repeater will be positioned will determine the type of repeater used. If the repeater of the same frequency is used, the repeater will be required to receive and transmit on the same frequency, simultaneously. Consequently, the repeater must be isolated between the receiver and the transmitter, using various techniques of digital / analog and antenna cancellation. If the frequency translation repeater is used, the repeater receives a signal on a first frequency channel and is then translated into a second frequency channel.

2/48 frequency for simultaneous transmission. In this way, the isolation between the transmitter and the receiver is achieved to a certain degree through frequency separation. Preferably, reception and transmission antennas, as well as a set of repetition circuits are included in the same package in order to reduce production costs, facilitate installation or the like. This is particularly the case when the consumer destines the repeater for use with a device established in a micro company in residence, where the form factor and the facilitation of installation becomes an important consideration. In the device in question, an antenna or set of antennas usually goes, for example, to a base station, an access point, gateway or another antenna or set of antennas facing the subscriber's device.

For a repeater that receives and transmits simultaneously, the isolation between the receiving and transmitting antennas is a significant factor in the overall performance of the repeater - this is the case when the repetition takes place at the same frequency or when the repetition takes place at a frequency different. More particularly, if the receiving and transmitting antennas are not properly isolated, the performance of the repeater can deteriorate significantly. Generally, the gain of the receiver cannot be greater than the isolation, in order to prevent preventing the initial oscillation or desensitization. Isolation is usually achieved by physical separation, standard antennas or polarization. For frequency translation repeaters, additional isolation can be achieved by using bandpass filtering, however, antenna isolation generally remains a limiting factor in performance

3/48 of the repeater due to unwanted noise and out-of-band emissions from the transmitter, being received in the band frequency range of the receiving antenna. Antenna isolation from the receiver to the transmitter is an even more serious problem with repeaters that operate on the same frequencies and where bandpass filtering does not provide additional insulation.

Frequently, systems based on cellular technology have a limited authorized spectrum available and cannot make use of frequency translation repetition approaches and therefore use the same reception and transmission channels.

As mentioned above, it is preferable that in relation to a repeater intended for use by consumers, it is manufactured with a smaller format factor, in order to reduce additional costs, facilitate installation and the like. However, small shapes can result in antennas located too close together in order to exasperate the insulation problem discussed above.

Current repeaters present another significant drawback because they are not able to separate the dispersion of their own transmitters from the signal they wish to repeat. As a result, conventional repeaters cannot normally optimize system isolation and performance based on real time, resulting in poor operation or destructive effects on the overall performance of the network. Specifically, current practices do not allow adaptive cancellations of unwanted signals in repeater environments, although they do allow the repeater to operate in general. Instead, the current repeater arrangements offer limited cancellation loops thanks to cost and complexity, are discontinuous implementations, and generally

4/48 located in single band systems without subband filtering. In addition, current interference cancellation loops allow for multipath delays and are disadvantaged by excess or uneven delay in scattered signals, changing delay by signals (eg, Doppler), and limited cancellations for broadband signals (for example , bandwidth).

From the background, it is explicitly apparent that there is a need for systems and methods to overcome deficiencies in existing practices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This summary is provided to present a selection of concepts in a simplified manner which are described later in the Detailed Description below.

This summary of non-key features is intended to identify or essential characteristics of the claimed matter, nor is it intended to be used in a way that limits the scope of the claimed matter considers the use of a filter bank that has automatic gain control for process repetition signals as part of cancellation operations. With the use of a filter bank, the frequency band of a processed signal can be processed, like small channels in parallel using simple derivation cancellers with linear algebra solutions. The parallel processing of the repeater signal promotes an effective cost and time ratio, not explored otherwise.

The systems and methods described here provide the repeater with an operational environment in order to position a feedback cancellation loop that is adaptively coupled to a set of antennas, so that a selected metric can be derived by positioning a filter bank. selected and operative for

5/48 processing the signal on a band-to-band basis and the derived metric can be applied to the combination of antenna array and feedback cancellation loop to improve signal amplification and integrity. In an illustrative implementation, an exemplary repeater environment comprises a transmitter, a receiver, a set of equalized feedback cancellation loop circuits comprising a filter bank, in which the cancellation loop is operatively coupled to the antenna assembly. In an illustrative implementation, the feedback feedback loop can receive signals as input signals from a cooperating antenna array, in addition to providing output signals, such as the desired transmission signals to a cooperating transmission array.

In an illustrative operation, the cancellation feedback loop can be adapted or controlled by a metric that adapts weights to the feedback cancellation loop in such a way that the metric can be indicative of the level of the transmitter signal present on a receiver and can be derivative. Based on the performance of a correlation between the transmitted signal and the receiver signal. In the illustrative implementation, the metric can comprise a pre-cancellation correlation metric correlation and a post-cancellation correlation metric. In addition, the exemplary repeater can operatively maintain a sufficient delay to ensure that the transmitted signal is decorrelated from a desired reception signal, aligned and time correlated with the feedback loss signal. In an illustrative operation, the weights provided by the metric can be provided by the performance of a selected linear algebra technique

6/48 (for example, minimum mean squared error MMSE), resulting in a direct calculation of the weights in an approximate way in an approach.

In one example, an environment performing an illustrative operation, a repeater can operatively employ a method in which the loss signal from the transmitter of the desired receiving repeater is received by a number of receivers, the samples are stored in all multiple receivers as blocks of time. of the receiver M of each receiver, a selected number of zeros are appended to each series of time samples of the numbers N from the receivers, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the NFFT point is performed on each of the receiving time blocks attached in M ​​zeros; application of M complex spatial weight sets of a selected NFFT length to an NFFT number of FFT bands in each of the M receiver numbers; the weighted frequency bands for the receivers are combined to form a frequency band in parallel, the weighted and composite receiver frequency bands to produce the post-cancellation frequency bands, respectively; by calculating the updated values ​​through the feedback loop with which it cooperates based on one or more time series of the frequency ranges of the composite weighted receiver, time series of the post-cancellation bands receive frequency ranges and time series of delayed transmitter frequency ranges, produce filtered automatic gain output frequency ranges by multiplying, respectively a series of NFFT numbers of the filter coefficients and automatic gain control by the frequency ranges of receiving post cancellation, calculate on a track-by-track basis along with the response set of

7/48 frequency domain filter in order to update the set of filter coefficient and automatic gain control, calculating new complex spatial weighted sets of reception and transmission for the number M of receivers and N of transmitters, apply N numbers of sets weighted complex FFT space transmitter sized and selected, respectively, to N copies of the filtered automatic gain control output frequency ranges, to produce a number N of sets of transmission frequency bands; executing a selected size (NFFT), the inverse FFT is performed on the N number of weighted transmission frequency range sets to produce the N number of the time domain series; performing an overlapping addition process over the N number of the time domain series to produce the N number of the transmission time series of the N time samples; transmitting the N number of the transmission time domain series to one or more cooperating receivers; and receiving at the number de receivers, the number N of the repeater's transmission signals so that the number M of the repeater's transmission loss signals is formed which are added to the number M of the desired reception signals.

According to one aspect, a repeater for a wireless communication network, wherein the repeater is operative to provide feedback cancellation comprises: an antenna array comprising one or more antenna elements; and an equalized feedback cancellation loop comprising a filter bank, in which the cancellation loop that is coupled to the antenna assembly operates on the input signals to derive and apply a metric to increase signal isolation and gain signal, the metric being indicative of the level of a

8/48 transmitter signal present on a receiver and is derived based on a correlation between a transmitted signal and a receiver signal and in which the repeater has a delay that allows the transmitted signal to be de-correlated from the desired signal, the transmitted signal is aligned with time and the transmitted signal correlates with the feedback loss signal, wherein the filter bank is operative to process a bandwidth signal to be repeated forming a selected number of parallel narrowband repeater paths that can use a selected feedback weight in the canceller.

According to yet another aspect, a method that facilitates the cancellation of loopback feedback in a repeater environment comprises: receiving a transmission loss signal from the repeater and receiving signal at an M number of receivers; store the received signals as N numbers of time samples; attach time samples to samples of value 0 to a size NFFT set; perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the 0 blocks received attached in order to generate FFT bands; applying an M number of the complex spatial receiving weights over the M number of receivers to generate weighted receiver signals on a track / track basis for the FFT bands; combine the weighted receiver signals.

According to one aspect, a computer-readable medium has stored executable instructions on it to perform at least the following tasks: receiving the loss signal from the repeater transmitter and receiving the signal on the number M of receivers, storing the received signals as M number of receivers, storing the signals as N numbers of time samples, attaching the Ns time samples with zero value samples for an array of

9/48 NFFT size, executing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the received blocks to generate FFT bands, applying an M number of receivers to generate weighted receiver signals on a track / band basis for the FFT bands, combining the receiver signals combined to generate a weighted composite signal, producing a post-cancellation frequency range for use in generating automatic frequency control output ranges, exercising a spatial weighting in the AGC output band frequencies, in order to produce weighted sets of transmission bands; executing an inverse FFT in the transmission frequency bands in order to produce sector series which are transmitted, receiving the time sector series and are added to the M receivers for cancellation. In another aspect, a processor comprises memory stored on it, executable computer instructions to cause the processor to perform at least the following acts: receiving loss of transmission signals on repeaters and receiving signal on the number Ns of time samples; attaching time samples Ns with zero value samples to a set of size NFFT, performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the zero blocks received to generate FFT bands, applying a number M of the blocks attached on zero received to generate bands FFT, apply the M number of complex spatial receiving weights to the M number of receivers to generate signals on a track basis for the FFT bands, combining the weighted signals from the receivers to generate a composite weighted signal, producing the post-cancellation reception frequency range for use in generating frequency ranges for the production of automatic gain control; apply spatial weighing in the AGC output frequency ranges in order to produce

10/48 sets weighted transmission frequency bands; executing an inverse FFT on the band frequencies to produce the time domain series, using an additional superposition procedure, to produce Ns time samples, receiving the time domain series transmitted on the M receivers and added to the M receivers for cancellation. In yet another aspect, a system that facilitates the cancellation of loop feedback in a repeater environment, comprises a mechanism for receiving the signal of loss of transmission from the repeater and receives a signal in the number M of receivers, a mechanism for storing the signals received as number Ns of time samples, a mechanism to perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the received blocks to generate FFT bands, a mechanism for applying M numbers of complex spatial receiving weights to the M number of receivers to generate weighted receiver signals on a track / track basis for the FFT bands, a mechanism for combining the complete spatial receiving weight signals to generate a composite weighted signal , a mechanism for producing post-cancellation receive frequency ranges for use in generating automatic gain output control frequency ranges, a mechanism for applying spatial weighting to the AGC output band frequencies to produce weighted transmission band sets; mechanisms for performing an inverse FFT in the transmission frequency bands to produce time domain series, receiving the time domain series transmitted at the M receivers and added to the M receivers for cancellation.

The following description and the attached drawings establish in detail certain illustrative aspects of the subject. These aspects are indicative, however, of

11/48 a few of the various ways in which matter can be employed and the matter claimed is intended to include all aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary enclosure of an illustrative repeater according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 2 is a block diagram of the propagation of an exemplary signal for an exemplary RF repeater performing a feedback cancellation according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 3 is a block diagram of the components of the exemplary antenna repeater according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 4 is a block diagram of exemplary repeater components according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the cooperation of exemplary components of an illustrative RF repeater according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 6 depicts another block diagram of the cooperation of the exemplary components of an illustrative RF repeater according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 7 is a block diagram of a repeater duplexed by the frequency division (FDD) that has a double band set according to the systems and methods described here.

Figure 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary individual band repeater FDD that has a digital interference cancellation system according to the systems and methods described herein.

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Figure 9 is a block diagram of the exemplary FDD single band repeaters that have an interference cancellation system and set according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the interaction of exemplary components that have feedback feedback mechanisms and metric application mechanisms using a filter bank approach according to the systems and methods described here.

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the interaction of exemplary components that have metric application and feedback cancellation mechanisms using a filter bank approach cooperating with a set of antennas in order to adapt according to the systems and methods now described.

Figure 12 is a graphical diagram showing the impact of metric application mechanisms and exemplary feedback cancellation distributed according to the systems and methods just described.

Figure 13 shows another graphic diagram that shows the impact of the mechanisms of metric application and cancellation of the exemplary feedback distributed according to the systems and methods described here.

Figure 14 is another graphic diagram that shows the impact of mechanisms of metric application and cancellation of the exemplary feedback distributed according to the systems and methods described here.

Figure 15 is a block diagram of exemplary equations for use in calculating exemplary signal weights for a set of adaptive antennas using composite metrics according to the systems and methods described here.

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Figure 16 is a block diagram of exemplary equations for use in calculating the gain of an adaptive antenna set using a filter bank according to the systems and methods described herein.

Figure 17 is a block diagram of an exemplary communications environment where the filter bank approach that has automatic gain control is positioned.

Figure 18 is a flow chart of the processing performed when using an automatic gain control in a repeater environment.

Figure 19 is another flow diagram of the processing performed when using automatic gain control in a repeater environment.

Figure 20 is a system diagram with the function of facilitating feedback cancellation according to the systems and methods described here.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The current description relates to the following US patent applications filed on March 3, 2008. PHYSICAL LAYER REPEATE UTILYZING REAL TIME MEASUREMENT METRICS AND ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARRAYS TO PROMOTE SIGNAL INTEGRITY AND AMPLIFICATION, Dossier n ° 080603Ul, serial number XX / XXX, XXX; CLOSED FORM CALCULATION OF TEMPORAL EQUALIZER WEIGHTS USED IN A REPEATER TRANSMITER LEAKAGE CANCELATION SYSTEM, Dossier n ° 080603U2, serial number XX / XXX, XXX ;, USE OF A FILTER BANK IN AN ADAPTIVE ON-CHANNEL REPEATER UTILIZING ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARENA 080603U3, USE OF NA ADAPTIVE ANTENNA ARRAY IN CONJUNCTION WITH NA ON-CHANNEL REPEATER TO IMPROVE SIGNAL QUALITY serial number XX / XXX, XXX; DOSSIER No. 080603U4, serial number XX / XXX, XXX; CONFIGURATION OF A REPEATER, Dossier n ° 080603U6, serial number XX / XXX, XXX; SUPERIMPOSED

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COMPOSITE CHANNEL FILTER, Dossier. 080603U7, serial number XX / XXX, XXX, whose contents of which are now fully incorporated by reference. From now on, several modalities will be described with reference to the drawings, where numerical references are used to indicate similar elements. In the following description, for the purpose of clarification, several specific details will be presented in order to provide a complete understanding of one or more modalities. It may be evident, however, that such modalities can be practiced without these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and devices are shown in the form of a block diagram to facilitate the description of one or more modalities.

In addition, various aspects of the present invention will be described below. It should be clear that the teaching provided by the present can be realized in a number of broader ways and that any specific function or structure described here is merely representative. Based on the teachings present, those skilled in the art will find that one aspect described here can be implemented independently of any other aspect and that two or more aspects can be combined in different ways. For example, an apparatus can be implemented and / or a method practiced using as many aspects as are now established. In addition, an apparatus can be implemented and / or a method used, using another structure and / or functionality in addition to other or more aspects established herein. As an example, many of the methods, devices, systems and devices described here will be revealed in the context of pilot signals for boost uplink in a W-CDMA communications system. A person

15/48 versed in this technique should note that similar techniques can be applied to other communication environments.

As used in this order, the terms component, module, system and the like are intended to refer to an entity related to computing, such as hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, running software, firmware, middle ware and microcode and / or any combinations. For example, a component can be, but not limited to, a process that runs on a processor, processor, object, executable, execution process, program and / or computer. By way of illustration, not limitation, both an application running on a computing device and how the computing device can be a component. One or more components can belong to a process and / or thread and a component can be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can play a variety of computer-readable media that have multiple data structures stored there. Components can communicate via a remote and / or local process as well as according to a signal that has one or more packets (for example, data from a component interacting with another component on a local system, distributed system and / or through a network like the Internet with other systems using the signal). In addition, the system components described here can be reorganized and / or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate the achievement of various aspects, goals, advantages and etc., described in relation to it and are not limited to the precise configurations established in a given figure , as will be assessed by a person skilled in the art.

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In addition, several modalities will be described in connection with a wireless terminal or user equipment (UE). A wireless terminal or UE can also be called a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile, mobile station, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, UE, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device. A wireless terminal or UE can be a cell phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop station (WLL), a personal digital subscriber (PDA), a device notebook that has a wireless feature, computing device, or other processing device connected to the wireless modem. In addition, several modalities will be described here with respect to the base station. A base station can be used to communicate with a wireless terminal (s) and can also be called an access point, Node B, or some other terminology.

In addition, various aspects or features described here can be implemented as a method, device or article of manufacture using standard programming or engineering techniques. The term article of manufacture as it is now used is intended to cover a computer program accessible from any media, device or legible computer carriers. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (for example, hard disk, floppy, magnetic strips, etc.), optical discs (for example, compact discs (CDs), discs digital versatile (DVD), etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (eg EPROM, card, (stick, key unit, etc.). In addition, various storage media described here

17/48 can represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. Additionally, it should be noted that a conductive wave can be used to load computer-readable electronic data or instructions such as those used in transmitting or receiving voicemail, accessing a network such as a cellular network, or instructing of a device to perform a specific function. Consequently, the term machine-readable means refers to various physical media capable of storing, containing and / or transporting instruction (s) and / or data (but not referring to vacuum). In addition, the systems and methods described herein can be positioned as a machine-readable medium as part of wireless channels capable of storing, containing and / or transporting instructions and / or data. Obviously, people skilled in the art should recognize that various modifications can be made to the described modalities without departing from the scope of the spirit of the invention, as described and claimed in the present text.

In addition, the term exemplary is now used to serve as an example, illustration or a case. Any aspect or design described here as an example should not necessarily be interpreted as preferential or advantageous in view of the aspects or drawings. In particular, the use of the word exemplary aims to present concepts in a concrete way. As used in this application, the term either designates an inclusion or exclusion character, that is, unless it is specified, or explicit in the context, X uses A or B intends to designate any and all exchanges of an inclusive character, that is, if X employs A; X employs B or X employs both A and B, so X employs A or B satisfies

18/48 its concept under any other instances above. In addition, article one as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be used to mean one or more unless specified or explicit in the context to be directed to a singular form.

As used here, the terms infer or inference generally refer to the reasoning process about the inference states of the system, environment and / or user of a set of observations as it was captured via events and / or data. Inferences can be used to identify a specific context or action or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic, that is, the computation of a probability distribution on states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. The inference can also refer to the techniques used to compose high-level events from a set of events and / or data. Such results of inferences in the construction of new events of actions of sets of observed events and / or data of stored events are or are not correlated in strict temporal proximity and if the events and data come from one or more events and data sources.

The techniques described here can be used by various wireless communication networks such as Code Division Multipie Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multipie Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, SingleCarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, etc. The terms networks and systems are often used interchangeably. The CDMA network can implement radio technology as well as Universal Terrestrial Index Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA

19/48 includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), TD-SCDMA and TD-CDMA. Cdma2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. The TDMA network can implement radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an imminent release of UMTS using E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents from an organization called 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization called 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known for their technique. For the sake of clarity, certain aspects of the above techniques can be described below in the context of uplink pilot multiplexing insofar as it refers to LTE, and as a result, 3GPP terminology can be used in many of the above descriptions, where appropriate.

Adaptive Antenna Set and Metric Compounds to Optimize Signal Weights Used for

Signal Cancellation in Repeater Environment:

Use of an antenna set with a canceller and with a composite metric derived from other metrics available in the system, being used to optimize the weighing of the set that are provided by the systems and methods described here. The specific metrics being used can include Ec / Io, SNR, RSSI, Correlated Power and related isolation of specific metrics associated with repeater operation. Other metric calculations can derive one or more metrics using an adaptive antenna array. Other metric calculations can derive one or more metrics using an adaptive antenna set with the canceller. In an illustrative implementation, an algorithm

20/48 on a more satisfactory basis can be used in conjunction with the post-cancellation correlation metric as the primary component of the metric being minimized as a whole. In this way, the weights of the set are optimized by viewing them through the canceller and, in turn, the cancellation and weights of the set are optimized together.

By combining the Residual Loss Metric (eg, post-cancellation correlation metric) with other metrics such as Composite Isolation, RSSI, SNR or Ec / Io results of the antenna set adaptation can be influenced by the junction adaptation of the together with the canceller to achieve specific goals. A benefit that can be realized in using a metric composite approach is the prevention of interference from other base stations. Another benefit is the intensification of the signal level received when there are low levels of signal. Again, with the filter bank, the operation can be performed on a track / track basis. You can calculate or average the weight calculations that can be combined under a subset of frequency bands if the behavior of that set of bands needs to be consistent. A certain case where frequency-specific antenna weighting sets may need to be weighted together to provide an individual join result and the shared result would be under an individual CDMA or WCDMA loader.

An alternative to calculate the weighting average over selected ranges covering the specific loader by which the new metric is being applied to derive a metric junction component that provides the same feedback obtained by common range frequencies. An example of this would be to perform a correlation of the signal represented by the frequency bands covering,

21/48 for example, a CDMA2000 loader or a WCDMA. The common metric component can be the correlated pilot channel (Ec) or the index of the correlated energy pilot Ec to that of uncorrelated energy (Io). This index is known as Ec / Io and is an indication of signal quality from a specific base station. This metric is used in most CDMA systems. In OFDM based systems, a pilot charger energy can be used or an EVM Pilot or vector error magnitude as a representation of signal quality.

In an illustrative implementation, in the case of a non-filter bank approach, after the signal loss has been canceled, the desired signal can be digitally descended, filtered and passed to a correlator. In this implementation, a metric join component would be inherent in the process.

In another illustrative implementation, the frequency bands representing the desired signal can be collected and an inverse FFT (following the cancellation stage) can be performed, of a size smaller than the original FFT, to obtain a sample for use with a correlator . In this implementation, a metric join component would be inherent in the process as well.

In another illustrative implementation, a new type of correlation process in each individual frequency range representing the desired charger can be represented. Illustratively, an FFT of the sequence being used to perform the groupwise or intact charger base correlation can be performed, but not to correlate each individual base range in each of the associated ranges from this new FFT. The result can be individual correlated powers or Ec measurements. In this implementation, the results of correlations

22/48 can be used individually or added up to a total result for a metric joining component.

In illustrative implementations, (Interference) Io is obtained by mismatching the correlator with a desired PN adjustment to obtain a floor with cross-correlated noise.

Illustratively, the antenna weights on a uplink basis in the configurations associated with the antenna weights on the downlink to the base station can be considered part of the metric calculation process. If the set is being guided based on an attempt to prevent interference from an adjacent cell, the weighting selection may be impacted. To adapt this operational limitation, in an illustrative implementation, the uplink transmits weights (from the repeater to the base station) can be set to be the same as the downlink receiving weight. This would be a reasonable approach when the term Ec / Io downlink dominates.

Later, when an uplink's isolation term is sufficient, the weightings used to maximize the Ec / Io downlink can be used in the uplink. In an illustrative implementation, the downlink set is a digital beam former, determining the weights to maximize Ec / Io, which can be achieved regardless of what weights are used in the downlink signals.

Exemplary Repeater:

Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary enclosure for an illustrative repeater according to several aspects described herein. A bipolar dual path configuration with electronic repeaters can be effectively housed in a compact housing 100 as shown in Figure 1. The housing structure 100 can be such that it can be intuitively oriented from at least one or

23/48 two ways. However, instructions can guide a user in connection with the location of the enclosure to maximize signal reception. In the configuration with double bipolar path, a flat ground 113, incorporated into a printed circuit board (PCB) for electronic repeaters can be arranged between and parallel to the paths of antennas 114 and 115 using, for example, insulators 120. A beam of insulation 112 can be used to improve insulation in many cases.

Each of the antenna trajectories 114 and 115 can be organized, for example, parallel to the flat floor 113 and can be printed on cabling plate or similar, they can be produced from a portion of sealed metal embedded in a housing. plastic or can be manufactured differently. A flat portion of the PCB associated with the flat floor 113 may contain a dipole antenna configuration 111, for example, as a trail embedded in the PCB. Typically, the antenna path 114 and 115 is vertically polarized and the bipolar antenna 111 is horizontally polarized, unless other modalities are used.

A combination of non-overlapping antenna molds and opposite polarizations can be used to achieve approximately 40 dB of insulation between the receiving and transmitting antennas in a dual dipole-connected antenna. In particular, one of the transmitters and receivers uses a double dipole antenna that has a vertical polarization for communication with an access point, while another of the transmitter and receiver employs a bipolar antenna that has a horizontal polarization. This approach would be particularly applicable when the repeater has the purpose of repeating an internal network signal to internal customers. In this case, the arrangement of the antennas that

24/48 exemplary block diagram in which transmission to customers would normally need to be entirely omni-directional, requiring the use of dual bipolar antennas, as the direction for customers is unknown.

Figure 2 depicts an illustrative of an illustrative repeater ambient signal stream 200. As shown, a weak received signal (which can be assigned as a desired received signal) 220, can be received by an antenna element 210 and acts as an input to gain and defer component 205. The gains and delay of component 205 can process the received weak signal 220 to generate strong signal 230 as an output from antenna element 215. Further, a loss of transmission signal at receiver 225 can also act as a gain and delay input

205 in the antenna element 210 for use when processing the received weak signal 220 to generate a strong signal 230. The transmission loss signal at the receiver 225 can be generated by a feedback cancellation loop (not shown) operatively coupled to the antenna elements 210 and 215. That is, the feedback feedback loop generates a signal to be transmitted by the repeater, some of which will be received by the receiver 225 as a transmission loss signal.

Figure 3 illustrates the interaction of antenna elements from an exemplary repeater environment 300. The exemplary repeater environment 300. Comprises a circuit board 330 that includes bipolar antennas 305 and 320 and antenna paths 310 and 315. In an illustrative implementation, the bipolar / panel antenna combination can achieve the selected isolation between the transmit and receive channels to allow for

25/48 implementation of the desired feedback cancellation. The antenna configuration in Figure 3 is an example of an antenna array configuration that can be used in other modalities just described (where, for example, panel antenna 310 is part of a panel antenna set 315 that is part of another set antenna).

Figure 4 illustrates one side of another antenna configuration for use in providing selected insulation for an example repeater. The 400 configuration comprises a PCB board 405 that has one or more panel 410 and 415 antennas mounted on it. It is important to note that normally, there would be a similar number of antenna paths on the opposite side of the PCB and typically oriented in a polarization of antennas 410 and 415, such that a sufficient or even maximum amount of insulation is achieved between the antennas on the sides opposites of the PCB. In an illustrative implementation, a 405 PCB board may comprise one or more antennas, one or more panel antennas 410 and 415 in various configurations and has more than one pair of panel antennas as well as a unique panel antenna member that makes up a subset of it. The antenna configuration 400 can provide isolation selected between a transmit and receive channel (for example, transmit and receive channels operatively coupled to one or more connecting antennas) and with the positioning of the panel 410 and 415 antennas, along with a similar number of antennas on the opposite side of the PCB, to cooperate with the isolation and amplification provided by a feedback cancellation loop (for example, feedback cancellation loop attached to an antenna array). The configuration in figure 4 shows another example of antenna assemblies that can be used in modalities just described.

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Figure 5 shows an exemplary repeater environment 500 operative to perform signal conditioning and amplification using one or more antenna assemblies. Exemplary repeater environment 500 comprises a first set of antenna 505 having antenna elements 510 and 515, a second set of antenna having elements 530 and 535, processing circuit 545 comprising a transceiver circuit 520 and controller 525. Antenna assemblies 505 and 540 can cooperate with controller 525 as part of operations in the example repeater 500 environment. Signals can be received by antenna assemblies 505 and 540 and passed to processing circuit 545 for conditioning and processing and then passed back to antenna sets 5-5 and 54- for communication with one or more cooperative components (for example, base station of a CDMA wireless communications network).

In an illustrative implementation, antenna sets 5-5 and 540 may comprise additional antenna elements as required to perform method (s) that have been described below to achieve adaptive feedback cancellations performed by the cooperation of one or more antenna sets and application of one or more metrics, such as one or more correlated results. In addition, the number and configuration of antenna assemblies described herein are merely illustrative by means of the systems and methods described herein contemplate the use of a variety of antenna assemblies that have a variety of configurations and comprise a variety of number of antenna elements.

Figure 6 illustrates the interaction of an exemplary repeater environment 600. The exemplary repeater environment 600 comprises the processing circuit

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620 comprising antenna array 645 comprising first antenna 625 and fourth antenna 640, a shielded multiple transceiver element 630 and an antenna assembly 50 comprising a second antenna element 660 and a third antenna element 655. Operatively, the downlink signals 610 generate repeated downlink signals 605 that can be processed by the processing circuit 620 to generate repeated downlink signals 665 for communication with the second network 675 and uplink signals giving rise to the second network 675 that can be processed by the circuit processing 620 to generate uplink signals from repeater 615 for communication with the first network 605. The configuration and orientation of the 645 and 650 antenna assemblies provide selected isolation from the unconditioned uplink and downlink signals provided to the 620 processing circuit and promote desired amplification and gain from such signals.

In an illustrative implementation, the exemplary repeater environment 600 may comprise additional antenna elements as required to perform method (s) as described herein to couple an adaptive feedback cancellation performed by the cooperation of one or more antenna sets and the application correlated metric. In addition, it appears that the number and configuration of antenna sets described here are merely illustrative as the systems and methods described here contemplate the use of a variety of antenna numbers that have a variety of configurations and that comprise a variety of numbers antenna elements.

Figure 7 is a block diagram of four antennas, multiple transceiver device 700 configured to operate in multiple bands in accordance with various illustrative implementations. This device 700 can transmit signals freely over two bands

Different 28/48 using a variable Athena configuration available.

As shown in Figure 7, device 700 may include a multi-transceiver element 701 having a first side 710 and a second side 712. The shielded multi-transceiver element 701 includes the first band transceivers 732 and 748. First bandwidth circuit set 734, second bandwidth circuit set 752, duplexers 724, 726, 728, 730, 740, 744 and 746, diplexers 720, 722, 736 and 742, the first side 710 includes antennas 706 and 708 and the second side 712 includes antenna 714 and 716. Although not shown, device 700 includes at least one electromagnetic isolation element, as described above, providing magnetic isolation (EM) between antenna 706 and 708 on the first side 710 and antenna 714 and 716 on the second side 712.

Illustratively, antenna 706 can send or receive signals 702; antenna 708 can send or receive signals 704; antenna 714 can send or receive signals 756; antenna 716 can send or receive signals 718. These antennas 706, 708, 714 and 716 can be flat antennas (e.g., connecting) or any other type of desirable antenna that can be effectively isolated from each other.

The first band transceiver 732 is connected to antenna 706 and 706 via duplexers 724, 726, 728 and

730 and diplexers 720 and 722 to send or receive data via antenna 706 and 708. The first band transceiver 748 is connected to antenna 714 and 742 through duplexers 738, 740, 744 and 746 and diplexers 736 and 742 to send and receive data via antennas 714 and 716. The first baseband circuit 734 is connected between the first band transceiver 732 and the first

29/48 band transceiver to provide communication between these two circuits.

The second band transceiver 750 is connected to antennas 706 and 708 through duplexers 728 and 730 and diplexers 720 and 722 to send and receive data through antennas 706 and 708. The second band transceiver 754 is connected to antennas 714 and 716 via duplexers 738 and 740 and diplexers 736 and 742 to send and receive data via antenna 714 and 716. The second band baseband circuit 752 is connected between the second band transceiver 750 and the second band transceiver 754 to provide connection between these two circuits.

The diplexers 720, 722 are connected between the antennas 706 and 7088 and the duplexers 724, 726, 728 and 730. They operate illustratively to determine which signals will be passed between the antennas 706 and 708 and the first band transceiver 732, and between the antennas 706 and 708 and the second band transceiver 750.

Diplexers 726, 728 are connected between diplexers 720, 722 and the first band transceiver 732 and duplexers 728, 730 are connected between diplexers 720, 722 and the second band transceiver 750. These duplexers 724, 726, 728 and 730 serve to determine the route of slightly different frequency signals in the first or second band, respectively, to properly route signals transmitted or received between the first and second band transceivers 732 and 750 and diplexers 720 and 722.

The diplexers 738 and 742 are connected between the antennas 714 and 716, and the duplexers 738, 740, 744 and 746. They operate, for example, in order to determine which signals will be passed between the antennas between 714 and 716 and the

30/48 first band transceiver 748 and between antennas 714 and 716 and second band transceiver 754.

Diplexers 738 and 742 are configured to split signals based on frequency, passing signals from the second frequency band to / from duplexers 738 and 740, and passing signals from the first frequency band to / from duplexers 744 and 746.

Duplexers 738 and 740 are connected between diplexers 736, 742 and the second band transceiver 754 and duplexers 744 and 746 are connected between diplexers 736, 742 and the first band transceiver 748. These duplexers 738, 740, 744 and 746 serve to determine the route of slightly different frequency signals in the first and second bands, respectively, to properly route the signals transmitted or received between the first and second band transceivers 748 and 754 and diplexers 736 and 742.

In alternative implementations, some of the duplexers 724, 726, 728, 730, 738, 740, 744 and 746 or diplexers 720, 722, 736 and 742 can be eliminated, in some ways, certain band and antenna permutations may be prohibited .

In other illustrative implementations, signals from different bands can be determined specifically for certain transmission orientations. In such modalities, duplexer outputs 724, 726, 728, 730, 738, 740 and 746 can be connected directly to antennas 706, 708, 714 or 716. For example, the first band could be designated to transmit / receive using an orientation horizontal, and the second band could be designated to transmit / receive using a vertical orientation.

Although the illustrative implementations above show the use of only two or four antennas, along with

31/48 two transceivers, this is only an example. Multiple antennas, multiple transceiver devices using different numbers of antennas or transceivers can also be used.

In addition, even though the illustrative implementations above show antennas that are separated from a PCB, alternating modalities can form the antenna directly on the opposite sides of the PCB. In such embodiments, insulation layers on the PCB can form the non-conductive support members required to separate the antennas from the flat soils. Furthermore, in such modalities, the transceiver will probably be formed out of the PCB and connected to the antenna by wiring it into the PCB. This type of integrated structure can provide a more compact device.

Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary repeater environment 800 operative to distribute an individual FDD band with a digital interference cancellation system according to the performance of the method (s) described herein. As shown, an exemplary repeater environment 800 comprises a duplexer 804 operatively coupled to an antenna element operative to receive signals from a base station 802 and providing input signals to transceiver 806 and operates to receive signals for processing from the transceiver 8066. Further, the exemplary repeater environment comprises a baseband component of repeater band 808 operatively coupled to transceiver 806 and transceiver 810 that is operatively coupled to duplexer 812. In an illustrative implementation, the duplexer is operatively coupled to an element of antenna that allows communication signals to be

32/48 sent to a cooperative subscriber component 814 (for example, cell phone).

In an illustrative operation, as described by the arrow-shaped lines, the incident and transmitted signals can be processed by the exemplary repeater environment 800 in such a way (s) method (s) now described.

Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary operating repeater environment 900 for positioning an individual FDD band with digital interference and a set of antennas according to the performance of the method (s) described here (s).

As shown, the exemplary repeater environment 900 comprises duplexers 904, 906, 914 and 916; transceivers 908 and 912 and base band digital repeater band 910. Duplexers 904, 906, 914 and 916 can be operatively coupled to one or more antenna elements that can receive / transmit signals from base station 902 and subscriber component 918 .

In an illustrative operation, as shown by the arrow lines, the received and transmitted signals can be processed by the exemplary repeater environment 900 according to the method (s) now described.

Figure 10 is a block diagram showing the interaction of exemplary components of an illustrative 1000 repeater environment, providing weighing calculations and applying metrics as part of a loop feedback cancellation technique. The exemplary repeater environment 1000 operates to perform one or more ranges of digital reception and transmission processes which may comprise Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) modules 1025 and 1030.

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In an illustrative operation, signals can be received on antenna elements 1035 for processing by the 1000 repeater environment. The received signal can be processed according to the FFT module 1025 of one or more transmission and reception process ranges - Bin 1 1005 to Bin N 1020, the output of what can be passed along the input of multiplier 1038, subtraction component 1036 and multiplier component 1034. The output of the multiplier component can act as an input to the 1032 adder component to generate selected values ​​for use in filter bank operations. The output of the subtraction block 1036 can act as an input to the multiplier 1056 that takes the subtracted signal (for example, a subtraction from the output of the FFT module 1025 and division module 1044) and multiply by the calculated weights of the weight block 1054. Output multiplier 1056 can act as input to multiplier 1060 and multiplier 1060 can act as input to adder 1058 which generates a selected value for use in filter bank operations. The output of multiplier 1054 can also act as an input to delay block 1062 which can provide a selected delay time to the signal processed according to one or more filter bank operations. The output of the delay block 1062 can act as an input to the multiplier 1038 which multiplies the time delay by the output of the FFT module 1025. The output of the multiplier block 1038 can act as an input to the adding block 1040, with the output of the adding block 1040 acts as input to the multiplier block 1042 operative to multiply the time delay from the delay block 1062 by the output of the adder block 1040. The output of the multiplier block 1041 can act as an input to the dividing block 1044 which can divide the output of the multiplier block 1041 by the output of the adder block

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1030 can co-workers

1046, and the output of the dividing block 1044 can act as an input to the subtraction block 1036. Additionally, as shown, the output of the delay block 1062 can act as an input to the multiplier 1050 which can multiply the time delay from the delay block 1062, by the subtraction block 1036 output. The output of the multiplier block 1050 can act as input to the adder block 1052 that generates selected values ​​for filter bank operations. In addition, the output of the delay block 1062 can act as input to the multiplier 1048, which multiplies by itself the output of the delay block. The output of the multiplier block 1048 can act as an input to the adding block 1046 and the output of the adding block 1046 can act as an input to the dividing block 1044. Additionally, the output of the multiplier block 1056 can act as an input to the FFT block 1030 that it can execute one or more reverse FFT operations. As seen in the illustrative implementation, there may be a finite delay associated with the execution of the FFT operation, which, in part, will allow the delay to support the deceleration of the transmission signal from the desired receive signal. An additional delay may occur in the other components, such as Digital to Analog converters (not shown), or it may be provided as a digital delay. The output of the FFT block will be communicated to one or more components (for example, subscriber module) using an antenna element 1040.

Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the interaction of exemplary components and exemplary signal trajectories to perform the exemplary methods described herein as performed by the exemplary repeater environment 1100. A signal can be taken over one of the antenna elements 1112 and 1116 that

35/48 can be processed by the FFT 1110 or 1114 modules, respectively. Additionally, at the exit of the exemplary repeater environment 1100, the antenna elements 1176 and 1172 can cooperate with the FFT modules 1174 and 1170, respectively. In an illustrative implementation, the multiple antenna elements 1112 and 1116 (as well as 1176 and 1172), may comprise a set of operable adaptive antennas to cooperate with the bands of the reception and transmission process BIN 1 1102, BIN 2 1104, BIN 3 1106 to process BIN N 1108. Illustratively, process strips can represent the parallel processing of an incident signal using a filter bank approach such that a broadband incident signal can be decomposed to form one or more narrowband blocks that are processed in the frequency domain according to the processing components described in each of the exemplary processing ranges BIN 1 1102, BIN 2 1104, BIN 3 1106 to BIN N 1108 and the signal paths between the processing components, as described in the arrow-shaped lines.

Illustratively, the processing components may comprise blocks of weight 1118, 1168, 1160; multipliers 1120, 1130, 1124, 1132, 1140, 1144, 1146, 1152, 1154, 1164 and 1162; adder blocks 1128, 1134, 1148, 1142 and 1156. In addition, present among the processing components is the division block 1138, the subtraction block 1136 and the adding blocks 1122 and 1158. The illustrative processing components cooperate as shown in the lines in this form to perform a method or more to perform the filter bank approach in promoting signal cancellation between the transmitting and receiving components of the exemplary 1100 repeater environment.

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Ά Figure 12 is a graphical diagram showing the cross-correlation of a plurality of frequency receiving and transmitting processing ranges (for example, as described in Figures 10 and 11). As shown in graphical plot 1200, the loss of feedback passes through the desired signal 1210 producing the desired signal muffled by the loss of feedback signal (for example, the signal that is lost on the transmitter side back to the receiver of an example repeater ). Illustratively, the power of the feedback loss signal 1205 is about 50 dB if the desired signal is 1210 shown with a power level of 25 dB. The difference between the feedback loss signal 1205 and the desired signal 1210 can significantly shock the performance of the exemplary repeater.

Figure 13 is a graphical diagram showing a graphical plot of the performance gain realized with the application of an exemplary filter bank approach, reducing the impact of the feedback cancellation signal on an exemplary repeater environment. As shown, on graph plot 1300, the feedback loss signal is removed, as shown by the 1310 feedback loss removed box. Additionally, the desired signal 1320 is shown with a performance increase of about 20 dB as the application of filter bank feedback cancellation processing techniques just described.

Figure 14 is a three-dimensional graphic diagram showing a graphic processing plot performed by the number N of processing bands (geometric axis X), performed in parallel. As shown in the graphical plot 1400, an input signal 1410 can be discontinuously decomposed and processed in bands

37/48 parallel lines, according to the filter bank approach just described. The decomposed signal (for example, subdivided into narrow discontinuous bands), can be correlated (geometric axis Y), as shown in Figure 14, in such a way that the desired signal 1410 can be processed and supported to perceive the increase in performance (for example, example, power increase - geometric axis Z).

Figure 15 is a block diagram of exemplary equations 1510 and 1520 used to perform the method (s) described herein. The exemplary equation 1510 can be used to calculate the isolation of the adaptive antenna array and the exemplary equation 1520 can be used to calculate the total composite insulation perceived when executing the method (s) described here (s).

Figure 16 is a block diagram of exemplary equations 1610, 1620, 1630 and 1640 used to perform the method (s) described herein. The exemplary equation 1610 can be used to calculate the filtered or refined gain per block per frequency range. The example equation 1620 can be used to calculate the total allowable gain per block per frequency range as a function of total isolation and programmed margin. The exemplary equation 1630 can be used to calculate another perceived allowable gain when applying the filter bank approach. The exemplary equation 1640 can be used to calculate the actual amount of gain that is added per block per frequency range to the signal being repeated.

Figure 17 is a block diagram that represents the decomposition of an input signal according to a filter bank approach. In general, FDD systems tend to have carriers in pairs that are a fixed separation as shown by paragraph 1610; like 80 MHz

38/48 shown in this example. For an exemplary communications system, power control can be managed by controlling the amount of additional signal added to the system by a repeater, such that the power is balanced between the uplink (repeater for the base station) and downlink (repeater for phone). In the example shown, the amount of gain added by the repeater up to F2up and the amount of gain up to F2dn can be adjusted to the same value. In the example shown, the same would apply for Fl, F3, etc. In the example shown, the maximum amount of allowable gain (Gmax) for the uplink and downlink can be different, since the uplink and downlink can operate at a frequency

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example for applying automatic gain control in a filter bank-based repeater environment. Figure 18 is described in the context of the equations represented in Figures 15 and 16. As shown, processing starts at block 1800 and proceeds to block 1805, where n blocks of i data tracks for uplink and downlink are obtained (for example , obtained in parallel). The processing then proceeds to block 1810 where the total system isolation is computed for block n in each range i. In block 1815, the total allowable gain is computed using the programmable gain for each range i of the composite insulation. In block 1820, for each range i, the estimated gain (for example, Gestimate) is calculated using the current gain G and the insulation value (for example, ISOcomposite). 0 The processing then proceeds to block 1825 where each range i of the estimated gain (Gestimate), the

39/48 maximum allowable gain (Gmax) and allowable gain (Gallowable) is compared and where the Gactual of each range i is adjusted to the maximum value of the three gain values. The processing then proceeds to block 1830, where the minimum real gain (Gactual) between the uplink of track i and the downlink of track I is determined and stored forming the balance of real gain (Gactual-bal). In block 1835 a filtered set and automatic gain control is produced for the uplink and downlink channels, multiplying the range I of the real gain balance by the range I of the digital filter (for example, SCC filter). Processing then proceeds to block 1840 where the track i of the filtered set is multiplied by the track I of the uplink and downlink data blocks. Then, processing goes back to block 1800 and continues from there.

Illustratively, the optimization between the uplink and downlink gains can be achieved based on the monitoring of various system metrics, such as the difference between Gmax and Gactual for uplink and downlink.

Figure 10 is a flow chart of an exemplary method for performing automatic gain operations for a filter bank repeater system. Figure 19 is described in context for the equations represented in Figures 15 and 16. Processing begins at block 1900 and proceeds to block 1905, in which n blocks of i-track data for uplink and downlink are obtained (for example, obtained in parallel). Then, processing goes to block 1910 where total system isolation is computed for block n in each range i. In block 1915, the total allowable gain (Gmax) is computed using the programmable gain (Gmargin) for each range i of the composite insulation. In block 1920, for each track i,

40/48 the estimated gain (eg Gestimate) is calculated using the current gain example, ISOcomposite).

G and the isolation value (for Processing then moves to block 1925 where each range i of the estimated gain (Gestimate), the maximum allowable gain (Gmax) and the allowable gain (Gallowable) cross each of the frequencies ( Fx), to be repeated are compared and where the Gactual of each range for each Fx is adjusted to the minimum value of the three gain values. Then, processing proceeds to block 1930 where the minimum real gain (Gactual) between Fx uplink and Fx downlink is determined and stored forming the balance of the real gain (Fact of Gactual-bal). In block 1935, an automatic gain control and filtered set is produced through each set of channel Ex (Wchi) for uplink and downlink channels, multiplying the range 1 of the balance of the real channel gain by the range i of the filter digital (for example, SCCF filter). Then, processing continues until block 1940 where the track i of the filtered set is multiplied by the track i of the uplink and downlink data blocks. Processing then proceeds to block 1900 and continues from there.

Figure 20 illustrates a system 2000 that facilitates the cancellation of the feedback loop in a repeater environment. The system includes a 2010 module to receive the loss signal from the repeater transmitter and receive the signal at the number M of receivers; a 2020 module for storing the received signals as a number of the signals; a module to perform an FFT on the received blocks in order to generate the FFT bands that will also provide zero attenuation functionality; a 2040 module for combining weighted receiving signals to generate a composite weighted signal; a 2050 module to produce a post-cancellation receiving frequency range for use in

41/48 generation of an automatic gain control (AGC) produces frequency ranges; a 2060 module for calculating updated values ​​for the feedback loop based on one or more time series of composite weighted receiver frequency ranges; a 2070 module for applying spatial weighting to AGC output frequency bands to produce weighted transmission frequency range sets; a module 2080 for performing an inverse FFT in the transmission frequency bands and performing the overlapping addition functionality to produce the time domain series that are transmitted to the M receivers and added to the M receivers for cancellation. It will be appreciated that a module, as described herein, may comprise hardware, software or a combination thereof.

The systems and methods to effectively represent the knowledge of the systems and methods described herein, can also be applied in the context of solving memory data in the same provider. In such a context, the memory data may not be supported by physical storage, for example, they could be used in a graphical solver on the CPU to synchronize nodes. The systems and methods described here can also be applied in the context of scene graphics, especially as they are more distributed over multi-core architectures and the calculations are written directly in an in-memory data structure, according to a volumetric texture. .

There are multiple ways of implementing the present systems and methods described here, for example, an appropriate API, a tool kit, a trigger code, an operating system, control, autonomous or downloadable software object, etc., that allows the

42/48 applications and services use the systems and methods for representation and knowledge exchange in accordance with the systems and methods now disclosed. The systems and methods now disclosed include the use of the systems and methods now described from the point of view of an API (or other software object), as well as from a software or hardware object that performs the knowledge exchange of according to the systems and methods described herein. In this sense, several implementations of the systems and methods described here may have aspects that are entirely in hardware, partly in hardware and partly in software, as well as in software.

The word example, according to its use in this specification, is intended to serve as an example, case or illustration. To resolve doubts, the matter described here is not limited to such examples. Furthermore, any aspect or design described here as an example should not necessarily be interpreted as preferred or advantageous in relation to other aspects and designs, nor is it intended to exclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques already known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the words include, has, contains and other similar words are used both in the detailed description and in the claims, to resolve doubts, such terms are designated with the inclusion character in the same way as the word comprising as a transitive verb. without excluding any additional or different elements.

As mentioned above, at the same time that the exemplary modalities of the systems and methods described here were described with reference to various computational devices and network architectures, the concepts

The underlying 43/48 can be applied to any device or computer system where you want to synchronize data with another device or computer system. For example, the systems and methods synchronization processes described herein can be applied to the operating system of a computing device, provided as a separate object on the device, as part of another object, as a reusable control, as a downloadable object a from a server, as an intermediary between a device and the network, as a distributed object, such as hardware, in memory, a combination of any of the above, etc.

As mentioned, the various techniques described here can be implemented in connection with hardware and software or, if applicable, with a combination of both. Depending on the use in question, the terms component, system and the like are meant, in the same way, to an entity related to information technology, be it hardware, a combination of hardware with software, software, or running software. For example, a component can be, but not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread, a program and / or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computer and the computer can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread and a component can be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers.

Consequently, the methods and apparatus of the systems and methods now disclosed, or certain aspects or parts of them, may take the form of a program code (ie instructions), realized in media

44/48 tangible, such as floppy disks, CD-ROMs, hard drives or any other machine-readable storage media, where, when program code is loaded and executed on the machine, as on a computer, the machine becomes a apparatus to put into practice the systems and methods just described. In the case of executing program code on programmable computers, the computational device generally includes a processor, a processor-readable storage medium (including volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements, at least one input device and at least one output device. One or more programs that can implement or use services and / or processes for synchronizing the systems and methods described herein, for example, through the use of data processing API, reusable controls or similar, are preferably implemented in a language high-level procedural or object-oriented programming to communicate with a computer system. However, the program (s) can be implemented in assembled or machine language, if desired. Either way, the language can be compiled or interpreted and combined with hardware implementations.

The methods and apparatus of the systems and methods described herein can also be put into practice through communications implemented in the form of program code that is transmitted by some transmission medium, such as wiring or electrical cabling, through optical fibers or any other form of transmission, in which, when the program code is received and loaded, as well as executed on a machine, such as an EPROM, a set of ports, a programmable logic device (PLD), a client computer, etc., the machine becomes a device for

45/48 practice of the systems and methods just described. When implemented in a general-purpose processor, the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique device that works to invoke the functionality of the systems and methods now revealed. In addition, any techniques used with reference to the systems and methods in question can invariably be a combination of hardware and software.

In addition, the material disclosed here can be deployed as a system, method, device or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof, to control a computer-based device or processor to implement the aspects now detailed. The term article of manufacture (or alternatively, product of a computer program), when used at present, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable media, carrier or device. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips ...), optical discs (eg compact disc (CD), disk digital (DVD) ...), smart cards and flash memory devices (eg card, stick). Additionally, it is known that a carrier wave can be used to carry computer-readable electronic data, such as that used to transmit and receive electronic mail or access a network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN).

The systems mentioned above have been described in relation to the interaction between a series of components.

46/48

It will be found that such systems and components include those specified components or sub-components, some of the specified components or additional sub-components and / or components and, in accordance with various exchanges and combinations of the above. Subcomponents can also be deployed as components that are communicatively coupled to other components instead of being included within the original (hierarchical) components. In addition, it should be noted that one or more components can be combined to form a single component providing aggregate functionality or be divided into separate sub-components, and any one or more middle layers, such as a management layer, can be provided to couple communicatively to such subcomponents in order to provide integrated functionality. Any of the components described herein may also interact with one or more of the other components not specifically disclosed here, but, in general, known to those skilled in these techniques.

In view of the exemplary systems described above, the methodologies that can be implemented, according to the revealed material, will be better understood with reference to the flowcharts of Figure 6. Although in order to simplify the explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of blocks, it must be clearly understood that the claimed matter is not limited to the order of the blocks, as some blocks can occur in different orders and / or simultaneously with other blocks from what is represented and described in this document. When not sequential or branched, the flow is illustrated through a flowchart, it will be verified that several other branches, flow paths and block orders can be implemented, which achieve results

47/48 identical or similar. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methodologies described below.

Furthermore, as can be seen, various portions of the systems disclosed above and methods below may include or consist of knowledge or artificial intelligence, or components based on rules, sub-components, processes, mechanisms, methodologies or mechanisms (for example, vector machines). support, neural networks, expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, data fusion engines, classifiers. Such components, inter alia, can automate certain mechanisms or processes executed through them to make portions of systems and methods more adaptive, as well as more effective and intelligent.

Although the systems and methods described here have been revealed with reference to the preferred modalities of the various figures, it must be understood that other similar modalities can be used, or modifications and additions can be made in the described modality to perform the same function as the systems and methods now revealed without abandoning them. For example, while the exemplary network environments of the systems and methods described here are exposed in the context of a networked environment, such as a networked environment between peers, those versed in these techniques will realize that the systems and methods described here do not are limited to them and that the methods, as described in this application, can apply to any device or computing environment, such as a game console, handheld computer, laptop, etc., whether wired or wireless, and can be applied to countless computing devices connected through a communications network and interacting over the network. Furthermore,

It should be noted that a variety of computing platforms, including handheld operating systems and other application-specific operating systems, are contemplated, especially as the number of wireless network devices continues to proliferate.

Although the exemplary modalities refer to the use of the systems and methods now revealed in the context of the programming language constructions, the systems and methods described here are not limited but can be implemented in any language to provide methods that represent and effect the exchange of knowledge for a set of nodes, according to the systems and methods described at present. Furthermore, the systems and methods described herein can be implemented on or through a plurality of chips or processing devices and storage can similarly be carried out through a plurality of devices. Therefore, the systems and methods described herein are not limited to any single modality, but must be interpreted in the breadth and scope of the attached claims.

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