Multi-source, multi-load systems with a power extractor
20 claims: 10 independent, 10 dependent
- 1REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;e um extrator de energia para transferir energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós, em que, quando o extrator de energia opera no primeiro modo, o extrator de energia é operado para que a magnitude da energia transferida seja ao menos parcialmente dependente de uma alteração de energia detectada continuamente, e em que a tensão e a corrente no primeiro e segundo nós não são reguladas.
- 2Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, em que a alteração de energia detectada inclui um desnível de energia instantâneo.
- 3Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, em que o extrator de energia compatibiliza adaptativamente as impedâncias entre uma fonte de energia e uma combinação do extrator de energia e uma carga.
- 4Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, em que o extrator de energia inclui um primeiro circuito de transferência de energia conectado ao primeiro nó para transferir energia continuamente, um segundo circuito de transferência de energia conectado ao segundo nó para transferir energia continuamente, e um circuito de transferência de energia intermediário conectado entre o primeiro e o segundo circuitos de transferência de energia para transferir energia descontinuamente entre o primeiro e o segundo circuitos de transferência de energia.
- 5Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, em que o extrator de energia inclui conjunto de circuitos de comutação com um ciclo de trabalho que é ao menos parcialmente dependente da alteração de energia detectada, e a magnitude da energia transferida é ao menos parcialmente dependente do ciclo de trabalho.
- 6Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;e um extrator de energia que inclui: conjunto de circuitos de comutação;uma malha de controle para controlar a comutação do conjunto de circuitos de comutação;e conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia para transferir energia entre o primeiro e segundo nós sob o controle do conjunto de circuitos de comutação, e em que, quando o extrator de energia opera em um primeiro modo, a malha de controle controla o conjunto de circuitos de comutação para fazer com que o conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia transfira a energia em uma magnitude que faz com que a fonte de energia se aproxime do fornecimento máximo de energia disponível dadas as condições além do controle do extrator de energia.
- 7Sistema que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia para transferir energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós;conjunto de circuitos de comutação para controlar a transferência de energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós, e uma malha de controle que inclui um conjunto de circuitos para detectar alterações de energia e para controlar um ciclo de trabalho do conjunto de circuitos de comutação em resposta às alterações de energia detectadas para, desta forma, controlar o conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia.
- 8Método que compreende:transferir energia em um primeiro nó através do conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia para um segundo nó;detectar alterações de energia;em um primeiro modo operacional, criar um sinal de controle de comutação em resposta às alterações de energia detectadas;gerar um sinal de comutação para controlar as comutações em resposta ao sinal de controle da comutação;e modular o conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia através da abertura e do fechamento dos comutadores.
- 9Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;uma fonte de energia fotovoltaica;e um extrator de energia para transferir energia da fonte de energia fotovoltaica entre o primeiro e segundo nós, em que o extrator de energia, o primeiro nó, a fonte de energia, e o segundo nó, individualmente, são parte de um único circuito integrado.
- 10Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 9, em que o extrator de energia busca compatibilizar uma impedância de entrada do extrator de energia com uma impedância de saída da fonte de energia.
- 11Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó, um segundo nó, um terceiro nó, e um quarto nó;e um primeiro extrator de energia para transferir a primeira energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós, inclusive fornecendo uma primeira corrente ao segundo nó, e em que o primeiro extrator de energia inclui um primeiro conjunto de circuitos de análise de alteração de energia para detectar as primeiras alterações de energia, e em que o primeiro extrator de energia transfere a primeira energia em magnitudes que dependem, ao menos parcialmente, das primeiras alterações de energia detectadas;e um segundo extrator de energia para transferir a segunda energia entre o terceiro e quarto nós, inclusive fornecendo uma segunda corrente ao quarto nó, e em que o segundo extrator de energia inclui um segundo conjunto de circuitos de análise de alteração de energia para detectar as segundas alterações de energia, e em que o segundo extrator de energia transfere a segunda energia em magnitudes que dependem, ao menos parcialmente, das segundas alterações de energia detectadas.
- 12Sistema que compreende:uma fonte de energia que fornece uma tensão de fonte e uma corrente da fonte não reguladas;uma carga;um extrator de energia para transferir energia entre a fonte de energia e a carga, em que o extrator de energia transfere energia com uma magnitude que depende, ao menos parcialmente, de uma alteração de ener4 gia continuamente detectada, e em que a tensão de saída do extrator de energia e corrente de saída não são reguladas.
- 13Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, em que a fonte de energia é uma primeira fonte de energia, que compreende adicionalmente:uma segunda fonte de energia que fornece uma tensão de fonte e uma corrente de fonte não reguladas;e lógica para selecionar dinamicamente para transferir a energia de valor igual ou superior a zero da primeira e da segunda fontes de energia;em que a lógica ajusta dinamicamente a magnitude da energia transferida da primeira e/ou da segunda fontes de energia com base, ao menos em parte, em um perfil de energia da carga.
- 14Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, em que o extrator de energia adicionalmente compatibiliza de forma dinâmica a impedância da fonte de energia e/ou a impedância da carga.
- 15Sistema, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, que compreende adicionalmente:um inversor para receber a corrente direta fornecida ao extrator de energia e gerar uma corrente alternada senoidal a partir da corrente direta.
- 16Método em um sistema de transferência de energia que compreende:receber de uma fonte de energia uma corrente de fonte não regulada em uma tensão da fonte;identificar uma ou mais cargas;determinar uma estratégia de gerenciamento da transferência de energia para transferir energia da fonte de energia para uma ou mais cargas;e transferir energia de acordo com uma estratégia predeterminado, inclusive, transferir uma energia de saída não regulada com uma magnitude que depende, ao menos parcialmente, de uma alteração de energia continuamente detectada.
- 17Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;e um extrator de energia para transferir energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós, em que o extrator de energia inclui um conjunto de circuitos de detecção para detectar alterações de energia, e em que, em um primeiro modo operacional, o extrator de energia deve ser operado de modo que uma impedância de entrada do extrator de energia seja alterada dinamicamente em resposta às alterações de energia detectadas para aproximar a compatibilização da primeira impedância na externa ao extrator de energia, inclusive uma impedância de uma fonte de energia acoplada ao primeiro nó.
- 18Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;e um extrator de energia para transferir energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós, em que o extrator de energia inclui um conjunto de circuitos de detecção para detectar alterações de energia, e em que, em um primeiro modo operacional, o extrator de energia deve ser operado de modo que as impedâncias de entrada e saída do extrator de energia entre o primeiro e o segundo nós sejam dinamicamente alteradas em resposta às alterações de energia detectadas para buscar a compatibilização da impedância de entrada do extrator de energia com uma primeira impedância, inclusive uma impedância de uma fonte de energia acoplada ao primeiro nó.
- 19Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 18, em que o extrator de energia deve aproximar a compatibilidade da impedância de saída do extrator de energia com uma segunda impedância, inclusive uma impedância de uma carga acoplada ao segundo nó.
- 20Aparelho que compreende:um primeiro nó e um segundo nó;e um extrator de energia que inclui: conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia para transferir energia que possui uma corrente entre o primeiro e o segundo nós;e conjunto de circuitos de análise de alteração de energia para detectar uma alteração de energia e uma alteração de tensão e para controlar, ao menos parcialmente, uma magnitude da energia que é transferida em resposta à alteração de energia detectada e à alteração de tensão. 5 21. Aparelho, de acordo com a reivindicação 20, em que o extrator de energia inclui adicionalmente: conjunto de circuitos de comutação para controlar o conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia;e conjunto de circuitos de controle de comutação para controlar 10 um ciclo de trabalho do conjunto de circuitos de comutação;e em que o conjunto de circuitos de análise de alteração de energia opera em diferentes modos e em que, em um modo operacional regular, sob certas condições, o conjunto de circuitos de análise de energia faz com que o conjunto de circuitos de transferência de energia reduza o ciclo de tra15 balho, se a alteração de energia e a alteração de tensão forem ambas crescentes ou ambas decrescentes, e para incrementar o ciclo de trabalho da energia transferida, se a alteração de energia for decrescente e a alteração de tensão for crescente, ou se a alteração de energia for crescente e a alteração de tensão for decrescente. 1/26 (Técnica anterior)
Independent claims20
240 paragraphs in 8 sections, as filed
(54) Title: MULTIPLE LOADING SYSTEMS AND (57) Summary: MULTIPLE SOURCES WITH AN ENERGY EXTRACTOR (30) Unionist Priority: 07/07/2007 us 11 / 774,562,
07/07/2007 US 11 / 774,563, 07/07/2007 US 11 / 774,564, 07/07/2007
US 11 / 774,565, 7/7/2007 US 11 / 774,566, 8/31/2007 US
11 / 849,242, 02/06/2007 US 60 / 888,486, 02/06/2007 US 60 / 888,486,
06/02/2007 US 60 / 888,486 (73) Holder (s): Xslent Energy Technologies, LLC (72) Inventor (s): David A. Besser, Melvin J. Bullen, Stefan Matan (74) Attorney (s): Dannemann, Siemsen, Bigler & Ipanema Moreira (86) International Order: pct US2008001592 of 05/02/2008 (87) International Publication: wo 2008/097591 of 14/08/2008
Power extractor
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Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for MULTIPLE LOADS AND MULTIPLE SOURCES SYSTEMS WITH AN ENERGY EXTRACTOR.
RELATED REQUESTS
The present application relates to Co-pending Patent Applications No. US 11 / 849,242, deposited on August 31, 2007, and entitled Multi-Source, multi-Load Systems with an Energy Extractor; No. 11 / 774,562, filed on July 7, 2007, and entitled, Energy Extractor Detecting a Power Change; No. 11 / 774,563, filed on July 7, 2007, and entitled, Energy Extractor with Control Loop; No. 11 / 774,564, filed on July 7, 2007, and entitled, System and Apparatuses with Multiple Energy Extractors Coupled to Different Power Sources; No. 11 / 774,565, filed on July 7, 2007, and entitled, Energy Extractor for Impedance Matching; No. 11 / 774,566, filed on July 7, 2007, and entitled, Energy Extractor Detecting Power and Voltage Changes, and claims the benefit of priority in such requests. The present application also claims the benefit of the priority of the provisional patent application US 60 / 888,486, filed on February 6, 2007, and entitled, XPX Power Converter.
FIELD
The modalities of the invention relate to electrical energy, and more particularly to the transfer of energy from one or more sources to one or more loads with an energy extractor.
BACKGROUND
The transfer of traditional energy between a source and the load involves static system configurations. Source and load configurations are traditionally known prior to system design. The system design is carried out in an effort to maximize the transfer of energy between the source and the load. Traditional systems typically regulate production by virtue of their static design principles, which result in consistent and regulated energy transfer. Without an adequate design, traditional energy transfer circuits are not well adapted to different applications in the order.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The description below includes the discussion of figures containing illustrations provided by way of example of the implementations of the modalities of the invention. The drawings should be understood as examples, and not restrictively. As used herein, references to one or more embodiments are to be understood as describing a particular feature, structure or feature included in at least one implementation of the invention. Therefore, expressions such as in one modality or an alternative modality that appear in the present describe different modalities and implementations of the invention, and do not necessarily refer to the same modality. However, they are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
Figure 1 illustrates a prior art system for charging a battery or supplying power to the other load using solar energy.
Figure 2 illustrates a configuration of energy sources and energy extractors to supply energy to a load, according to some modalities of the inventions.
Figure 3 illustrates a system that includes a power source, an energy extractor, and a load configured according to some modalities of the inventions.
Figure 4 illustrates the impedance matching characteristics of an energy extractor as seen from an energy source, according to various modalities of the inventions.
Figure 5 illustrates the impedance matching characteristics of an energy extractor as seen from an energy source, according to various modalities of the inventions.
Figures 6 and 7 individually illustrate a system that includes a power source, an energy extractor, and a load according to some embodiments of the inventions.
Figure 8 shows details of some modalities of the system in Figure 7.
Figure 9 illustrates examples of force variation associated with the current-voltage (IV) curve and the force curve.
Figure 10 is a table that illustrates operational concepts for an energy extractor according to several modalities.
Figure 11 illustrates two examples of a sawtooth wave and a switching control signal, according to some modalities.
Figures 12 and 13 are individually a block diagram illustrating a set of energy difference detection circuits, according to some modalities.
Figure 14 is a block diagram that illustrates an example of an integrating circuit that can be used in some modalities.
Figure 15 illustrates several connectors for connecting the power source and the load to a power extractor and / or to a circuit board according to some modalities.
Figure 16 shows a circuit between the power source and a node, according to some modalities.
Figure 17 shows a diode between the power source and a node, according to some modalities.
Figure 18 illustrates an example of a set of energy transfer circuits in Figure 8.
Figures 19-22 individually illustrate an example of the set of energy transfer circuits, according to some modalities.
Figure 23 illustrates a battery in which the battery's positive terminal is connected to ground.
Figure 24 illustrates a comparative circuit set that can be used in some modalities.
Figure 25 illustrates a system that includes a power source, power extractor, and load according to some modalities.
Figure 26 illustrates processor control associated with a load, according to some modalities.
Figure 27 illustrates two different battery charges connected to an output node via a switch, according to some modalities.
Figures 28 and 29 illustrate several details of an energy extractor, according to some modalities.
Figure 30 illustrates an energy extractor coupled between one or more batteries and a load, according to some modalities.
Figure 31 illustrates a parallel configuration of batteries and power extractors coupled to a load, according to some modalities.
Figure 32 illustrates a side view of an integrated circuit that includes a photovoltaic energy source and a power extractor, according to some modalities.
Figure 33 shows a top view of the integrated circuit of Figure 32.
Figure 34 illustrates a group of integrated circuits of Figure 32 in one configuration.
Figures 35 - 37 individually illustrate a group of cells or PV panels corresponding to the energy extractors, according to some modalities.
Figure 38 illustrates parallel groups of energy extractors in series, each group being connected to a power source, according to some modalities.
Figure 39 illustrates parallel groups of energy extractors, each energy extractor being coupled to an energy source, according to some modalities.
Figure 40 illustrates power extractors and transmission lines, according to some modalities.
Figures 41 and 42 illustrate an energy extractor used in a device, according to some modalities.
Figure 43 illustrates a system with an energy extractor coupled between a regenerative generator and a battery, according to some modalities.
Figure 44 illustrates an assembly of a planar inductive device using transformer clamps.
Figure 45 illustrates a system similar to Figure 2 with a central processor to collect data from or supply signals to power extractors, according to some modalities.
Figure 46 illustrates a system with a power supply, a power extractor, and a central station for collecting data from the power extractor or providing signals to the power extractor, according to some modalities.
Figure 47 illustrates a system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and multiple loads, according to some modalities.
Figure 48 illustrates the wristwatch system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and multiple loads according to some modalities.
Figure 49 illustrates a wireless router system with multiple power sources, a power extractor, and multiple loads, according to some modalities.
Figure 50 illustrates a pacemaker system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and a load according to some modalities.
Figure 51 illustrates a system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and multiple AC loads, according to some modalities.
Descriptions of certain details and implementations follow below, including a description of the figures, which may represent some or all of the modalities described below, as well as the discussion of other potential modalities or implementations of the inventive concepts presented here. A general analysis of the modalities of the invention is provided below, accompanied by a more detailed description with reference to the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following describes a power extractor for supplying DC to DC or DC to AC power from one or more power sources for one or more loads. The energy extractor is called an energy extractor because it operates in order to obtain more energy from an energy source than would typically be obtained by the source without operation. In the examples provided in this description, the power extractor operates to obtain the impedance match between the power source and the combination of the power extractor and the load, and between the load and the combination of the power source and the power extractor. This is called universal impedance matching, as it occurs both as seen from the power source and as seen from the load. This impedance matching allows the power source to provide a greater amount of energy than would be provided without the impedance matching. In some embodiments, discussed below, the power extractor is a switching converter for power extraction.
As described here, the power extractor can be supplied in any series of dynamic adjustment applications. Systems can have one or more power sources, which can be connected or not, and one or more loads that can also be connected or not. Instead of having static configurations for energy transfer, energy transfer can be applied dynamically and intelligently by the energy extractor.
In some modalities, the impedance matching occurs as a consequence of the energy extractor seeking maximum power. In some embodiments, the power extractor promotes the impedance matching by changing the duty cycle of the circuitry coupled to the energy transference circuitry of the energy extractor to cause an increase in energy until maximum energy is reached. The duty cycle changes are made in response to the detected energy variations. In some modalities, the energy variation is detected continuously through an analog circuitry, while in other modalities the energy variation is detected continuously through a digital circuitry. In some embodiments, the detected energy variation includes an energy gap, such as an instantaneous energy gap. When the detected energy variation is zero at a true maximum energy (not merely a local zero variation), the energy transferred is at a magnitude (level or quantity) that the energy source provides maximum energy, given conditions beyond control of the energy extractor. In some embodiments, the maximum available energy is typically quite close. In fact, reaching maximum available energy is an example that comes close to that. Examples of these conditions beyond the control of the power extractor that may apply to some energy sources include the ambient conditions (for example, amount of sunlight, temperature) and size of the energy source (for example, larger photovoltaic cells or a number larger number of cells can provide more energy). If the impedance of the power extractor is such that the energy is drawn at very high current or very high voltage energy, very low current or very low voltage, the power source will supply less than a maximum amount power. The maximum amount of energy will be obtained at a particular impedance. See Figures 9 and 10 and the related discussion.
As used herein, a DC power source (referred to in the present power source) includes any source from which DC power can be generated and / or captured. Examples of DC power sources that can be used according to embodiments of the invention include, but are not limited to, photovoltaic cells or panels, a battery or batteries, and sources that generate energy through wind, water (eg, hydroelectric), power forces tides, heat (eg thermal pair), hydrogen power generation, gas, radioactive power generation, mechanical, piezoelectric deformation, and movement (eg human movement, such as walking, running, etc.). Energy sources can include natural energy sources and energy sources produced by man, and can be stable (providing constant energy, but of varying magnitude) and unstable (providing energy that varies over time). In some modalities, energy sources include sources of sub-energy (for example, a solar panel can have multiple cells), while in other modalities, the energy source is unitary. A disadvantage of using subenergy sources is that they can have different impedances and a single power extractor can match the combined impedance, which can be less optimal than having a separate power extractor for each power source. A power source can be considered a power source.
Figure 2 illustrates a system that includes power sources 32, 34, and 36 coupled to power extractors 42, 44, and 46, respectively. The energy source 32 and the energy extractor 42 form an energy unit 52 and can be physically separated, as shown in Figure 2 and adjacent, as shown in the other figures. Likewise, energy sources 34 and 36 form energy units 54 and 56. The output of power extractors 42, 44, and 46 is joined in an N2 node and cumulatively supplies energy to the N2 node. Load 64 is also attached to node N2. Charge 64 may include a single charge or sub-charges, such as a battery (or batteries), an inverter and / or another sub-charge or other charge. Nodes N1-1, N12, and N1-3 are between power sources 32, 34, and 36 and power extractors 42, 44, and 46. Power units 52, 54, and 56 form an assembly of energy 58. The power assembly can include more than three power units or simply two power units. A load line 62 is illustrated. Unidirectional protection devices (for example, diodes) can be used to prevent current from flowing back to power sources, however, they are not mandatory.
Figure 3 illustrates a system with a power source 32 containing an output impedance Z1 coupled through a conductor 60 and node N1 to the power extractor 42. The power extractor 42 is mentioned with an impedance matcher, because, as discussed above, in at least one mode of operation, it matches the impedances as discussed. In some embodiments, the energy extractor 42 can operate in different modes. For example, in an ordinary operating mode (referred to in g
present first mode), the energy extractor 42 operates to match the impedance, so that a maximum available energy is provided by the energy source. When it is said that the energy extractor 42 operates for the impedance matching, so that a maximum available energy is provided, it is understood that, in practice, the perfect impedance matching is typically not obtained and an absolute maximum available energy is typically not. it is obtained from the energy source. However, the power extractor 42 operates to seek a perfect impedance match or to approximate a perfect impedance match under closed loop control, including a set of energy analysis circuits 74 and described below. In some modalities, under steady state conditions, the perfect impedance match can be quite approximate.
Likewise, when it is said that the set of energy transfer circuits has to transfer the energy in a magnitude to make a source of energy supply the maximum available energy, given the conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor, you understand it is assumed that the energy source approaches the maximum energy under control of the closed loop of the energy extractor. In some modalities, this maximum available energy is quite approximate. It can be said that the energy extractor seeks to operate in such a way that the energy source provides maximum available energy. Approaching the perfect impedance matching or maximum energy does not mean constantly moving to a perfect matching or maximum energy. Sometimes, variations in input impedance make the impedance match as close to the perfect (or optimal) impedance match, and sometimes variations in input impedance (or variations in the impedance of the power source) cause that the impedance is far from the perfect match, however, the control loop promotes a significant improvement of the impedance match, compared to what it would be without the control loop. The same is true with the maximum approach energy.
In a protection mode (here called the second mode), the energy extractor 42 operates to protect itself and / or the load 64 and / or the source 32. The protection mode can be entered in response to a limiting condition. Examples of limiting conditions are excessive voltage, energy or current at the first node, the power extractor, or the second node; very low voltage, energy or current in the first node, in the energy extractor, or in the second node; and a limiting condition of the device. In some embodiments, the power extractor 42 detects only some of these limiting conditions to determine whether to enter protection mode. Additional modes are possible and there may be more than one type of ordinary operating mode and more than one type of protection mode. For example, in at least one way, conservation of the energy source may be more important than reaching maximum energy. This may be the case, for example, if the power source is a battery (see example in figure 41).
The power extractor 42 includes a set of energy transfer circuits 72 dA figure 3 between nodes N1 and N2 and provides output energy for a load 64 through a node N2 and the load line 62. As an illustration, the power extractor 42 is shown as the partially overlapping nodes N1 and N2. However, nodes N1 and N2 can be considered to be within the limits of the energy extractor 42, however, note the discussion of Figures 8 and 15. Load 64 has an input impedance Z3. Power extractor 42 includes an energy analysis circuitry 74 that analyzes energy and provides a circuitry control signal to control circuitry 78. Circuitry 78 operates to at least partially control the operation of the energy transfer circuitry 72. The power extractor 42 includes an input impedance of Z2 and an output impedance of Z2 *. When energy variations are detected, energy analysis circuitry 74 responds by adjusting the timing (for example, duty cycle) of circuitry 78. Circuitry 78 can also react to seek to maximize the efficiency of energy transfer by, for example, varying a switching frequency of the circuitry 78.
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the impedance matching characteristics of the power extractor 42 of figure 3. In figure 4, the power source 32 has impedance Z1, called the first impedance in figure 4. The power extractor 42 has input impedance. Z2, while load 64 has impedance Z3. In figure 4, the combination of Z2 and Z3 is called the second impedance. The impedance, as seen by the power source 32 when looking at the power extractor 42, is equal to its own impedance. In other words, the power extractor 42 dynamically matches the impedance of the power source 32 (i.e., Z1 = Z2 + Z3) so that the first and second impedances are equivalent.
Figure 5 illustrates that the impedance, as seen by load 64 when looking at the power extractor 42, is also equivalent to its own impedance. In figure 5, the first impedance is Z1 and Z2 * (the output impedance of the power extractor 42) and the second impedance is Z3. Load 64 observes the output impedance Z2 * in the power extractor 42. Thus, the energy extractor 42 also dynamically matches the load impedance (ie, Z3 = Z1 + Z2 *), so that the first and second impedances are matched. Since the impedance of the power extractor 42 is typically different (Z2 or Z2 *) depending on whether the impedance is measured in N1 or N2, the impedances (Z2 + Z3), as observed by the power source and (Z1 + Z2 *) as observed by the load, can be understood as virtual impedances.
In some embodiments, whether the power extractor 42 seeks to match the impedance to the power source 32 depends on whether the load 64 can receive all the energy that the power source 32 can provide. If load 64 can receive more than the source 32 can supply, then the power extractor 42 seeks that its input impedance matches the output impedance of the power source 32, however, it does not necessarily seek that its output impedance match load input impedance 64. If load 64 can receive less than power source 32 can supply, then power extractor 42 can go into a mode (possibly a protection mode) where it does not seek to match its input impedance to the output impedance of the power source 32, however, may seek to match its output impedance to the load input 64 impedance. If load 64 can receive exactly or essentially exactly what source 32 can provide, then power extractor 42 can seek to have its input impedance match the output impedance of power source 32 and its output impedance match load input impedance 64. In other embodiments, the energy extractor 42 may operate differently. The impedance matching at the output node (node N2 nA figure 3) can occur when the power extractors are connected together.
Figure 6 illustrates a circuit 82 and a circuit 86 separated by a node N3 in the set of energy transfer circuits 72. The impedances of circuits 82 and 86 can be coadjutant (which provide mutual assistance) and are modulated so that the aggregate impedance of the power extractor 42 and the load 64 is matched to the output impedance of the power source 32. In some embodiments and situations, the aggregate impedance of the energy source 32 and the energy extractor 42 is matched to the input impedance of the load 64. The energy is continuously transferred from the energy source 32 through the circuit82. The duty cycle of S1 is dynamically adjusted to facilitate the match between virtual impedance and power source 32. When the impedances are matched, the energy extracted from power source 32 is maximized. Likewise, energy is continuously transferred from circuit 86 to load 64. The amount of energy directed to load 64 is maximized when the impedance of circuit 86 is matched to the impedance of load 64. Control loop 70 includes a set of energy analysis circuits 74 and the switching control circuitry 80. In some embodiments, control loop 70 is partially deployed with software. Switch S1 is controlled by switching control circuitry 80. Power variation analysis circuitry 74 detects power changes from power source 32 at node N1 and communicates with the control circuitry of switching 80. The set of control circuits for switching 80 controls, for example, the duty cycle of S1, in order to increase energy, as described below.
Figure 7 illustrates another configuration of the energy transfer circuitry that can be used in some embodiments of the invention. In figure 7, the energy transfer circuitry 72 includes a circuit 84 between circuits 82 and 86, with node N3 between circuits 82 and 84 and node N4 between circuits 84 and 86. The circuitry set between switch control 80 provides a switch signal (s) to control switches S1 and S2. In some embodiments, the duty cycle of the switching signal for S1 is the inverse of the duty cycle of the switching signal for S2. In other modalities, the switching signals for S1 and S2 are purposely not the opposite of each other. In some embodiments, there may be additional switches. Circuits 82, 84, and 86 can be coadjunctive impedances and are modulated by switches S1 and S2 under the control of the switching control circuitry 80, so that the aggregate impedance of the power extractor 42 and the load 64 house to output impedance of power source 32, and the aggregate impedance of power source 32 and power extractor 42 matches the input impedance of load 64. When the impedance of the power source 32 is matched to the combination of the power extractor 42 and the load 64, the circuit72 is able to extract the maximum energy from the power source 32.
In some embodiments, circuit 84 transfers the accumulated voltage potential from N3 to N4 without interrupting the energy flow from circuit 82 to circuit 86. Circuit 86 adapts its output impedance to facilitate the impedance matching with load 64. O The duty cycle of S2 is dynamically adjusted to promote the impedance matching between circuit 86 and load 64. In this way, circuit 86 is able to transfer the maximum energy to load 64. While circuit 86 is transferring power to load 64, circuit 82 continues to match its impedance to the impedance of power source 32, allowing maximum energy to be transferred from power source 32 through circuit 82. This process continues as long as S1 and S2 are opened and closed alternately according to the duty cycle of the switching signal. In some embodiments, the switching states of S1 and S2 are controlled by the set of switching control circuits 80 that receive the switching control signal from the set of power variation analysis circuits 74 based on power variations available in N1. Alternatively, the detected energy variation can be an energy variation in a location other than node N1, such as node N2 or inside the energy extractor 42.
Figure 8 illustrates details that are included in some modalities of Figures 5 and 7, but other modalities include different details. With reference to FIGURE 8, the energy variation analysis circuitry 74 includes the energy variation detection circuitry 94 and the other circuitry shown in other figures. The energy transfer circuitry 72 includes circuits 82, 84, and 86. Circuits 82 and 84 include transformer T1 (including inductors L1 and L3) and transformer T2 (including inductors L2 and L4). Circuit 82 includes capacitors C1 and C2 and a node N5 that separates C1 and C2 and is connected to inductors L3 and L4. The power source is coupled to inductor L1 through conductor 60 of node N1, an interface connector 110, and a node N1 *. As an example, connector 110 can be a socket receptacle (see also Figure 15). If the impedance difference between N1, connector 110, and N1 * is relatively small, then they can be considered a node. Otherwise, they are considered to be more than one node. As with node N2 *, connector 112, and node N2. Inductor L1 is between nodes N1 * and N3, and inductor L2 is between nodes N4 and N2 *.
The power variation detection circuitry 94 detects a power change at node N1 * and provides a switching control signal on conductor 98 to an input of comparative circuitry 80. In some embodiments, the set of energy variation detection circuits 94 detects a difference in energy level and can be called a set of energy difference detection circuits 94 and provides a signal indicating the energy difference (as shown in Fig. 15 ra 8). In some modalities, the energy difference is an instantaneous energy difference. Another input of comparative circuitry 106 receives a waveform, such as a sawtooth wave from waveform generator circuit 102. Comparative circuitry 106 controls a duty cycle of switches S1 and S2. In some modes, S1 and S2 are both open or both closed at the same time (with the possible exception of brief transitions when switching). Waveform generator circuit 102 and comparative circuitry 106 are examples of circuitry in switching control circuitry 80.
When S1 is closed, the electromagnetic fields vary in T1 and T2, while the electrostatic potential through C1 and C2 is changed and the energy from energy source 32 is distributed electromagnetically to T1 and T2, while electrostatically in C1 and C2. When S1 opens, S2 closes and the magnetic flux in T1 begins to decrease. Therefore, the energy stored in T1 flows through N3 to capacitors C1 and C2 in circuit 84, depositing part of the energy as an electrostatic field in C1 and C2, and part of the energy for T2 in circuit 86 through node N5 and the inductor L4. The residual flow in T2 also begins to decrease, transferring energy to load 64 through N2. When S1 closes and S2 opens again, the magnetic flux in T1 starts to increase while the magnetic flux in T2 also decreases, since it consumes part of the electrostatic energy that was previously stored in C1 and C2. Therefore, the energy stored in circuit 84 is released and transferred to T2 and load 64.
Multi-phase energy transfer combines two or more phase inputs to produce a resultant flux in a magnetic core equivalent to the bisector of the angle of the inputs. (Note: the angle bisector is known to be the location of the equidistant points of two rays (half lines) that form the angle). In this type of energy extractor, capacitors C1 and C2 are used to alternate the phase of the current that is applied to the secondary winding of T1 and T2 (L3 and L4, respectively). Therefore, multiphase inputs are applied to the
Τ2 and Τ3. The sum of the multiphase inputs changes the electromotive force that is present during the increase and reduction of the flow in the primary windings of transformers L1 and L3. The result is the neutralization (within the bandwidth of the operating frequency of the power extractor) of the high frequency variations in the reactive impedance component that circuits 82 and 86 display for the source and load, respectively. Circuits 82 and 86 can be multiphase bisector energy transfer circuits to promote multiphase bisector energy transfer and to interface with circuit 84.
Due to the dynamic properties of circuit 82, power source 32 sees an equivalent impedance in inductor L1 power extractor 42. Similarly, with inductor L2 and load 64. Input and output impedances of power extractor 42 are adjusted by controlling the duty cycle of S1 and S2. The optimal matching of the impedances for the energy source 32 occurs when the maximum energy is obtained from the energy source.
The energy difference detection circuitry 94, the signal indicating the energy variation, and the comparative circuitry 106 are part of a control loop that controls the work cycle of circuitry 78 to obtain maximum extraction energy (ie ΔΡ / Δν = 0) from energy source 32. The control loop can also control the switching frequency of circuitry 78 to influence the efficiency of energy transfer through energy transfer circuitry 72. Merely as an example, the frequency can be in the range of 100 KHz to 250 KHz depending on the saturation limits of the inductors. However, in other modalities, the frequencies can be substantially different. The size and other aspects of the associated inductors and cores and other components, such as capacitors, can be chosen to meet a number of criteria, including the desired energy transfer capacity, efficiency, and available space. In some embodiments, the frequency can be modified by changing the frequency of the waveform from the waveform generator circuit 102.
Other figures show a control of the circuit102. In some embodiments, the frequency is controlled by a control loop as a function of whether an increase at the correct time of the current is between minimum and maximum current in an energy transfer circuit.
As used herein, the duty cycle of circuitry 78 is the ratio of the correct moment of S1 to the total correct moment of S1 and S2 (i.e., the duty cycle = S1 / (S1 + S2)). The duty cycle would be defined for a different reason associated with S1 and / or S2 in other modalities. When the voltages of the energy source 32 and the load 64 are the same and the duty cycle is 50%, there is no energy transfer through the energy extractor 42 in some modalities. If the voltages of power source 32 and load 64 are different, a higher or lower duty cycle may not generate energy transfer through the power extractor 42. In other words, a particular duty cycle of the circuitry 78 is not tied to a particular direction or amount of energy transfer through the energy transfer circuitry 72.
As noted, the energy variation can be detected continuously and the switching control signal (from Figures 7, 8, and 11) can be updated continuously. Using analog circuits is a way to perform continuous detection and updating. Using digital circuits (such as a processor) is another way to perform continuous detection and update of the switching control signal. Although the update from some digital circuits may somehow not be exactly continuous, it can be considered continuous when for all practical purposes it produces a result identical to that of the truly continuous update. As an example, the update of the switching control signal is also considered continuous when the variation frequency is outside the control loop bandwidth. In some cases, the update of the switching control signal can also be considered continuous when the variation frequency is within the control bandwidth. As an example, in some deployments, the control loop bandwidth can be around 800 Hz. In other embodiments, the control loop bandwidth is greater than 800 Hz, and perhaps much greater than 800 Hz. . In still other modalities, the control loop bandwidth is lower than 800 Hz and, depending on the desired planting and performance, may be less than 400 Hz.
Figure 9 illustrates an example of a typical current voltage (LV) curve and an energy curve. Several sources of energy (for example, a solar panel) produce a relatively constant current at different voltages. However, when the voltage reaches a certain threshold in these energy sources, the current begins to drop rapidly. The threshold voltage corresponds to the slope region on the lV curve. The maximum energy point (P<sub>bad</sub>x) also corresponds to the slope region on the lV curve.
Figure 10 is a table that illustrates the operational concepts for the energy extractor 42, according to several modalities. Example (1), shown as an arrow (1) in Figure 9, shows that when both energy and voltage are increasing, the operating point of the energy extractor is placed to the left of P<sub>m</sub>ax- When operating to the left of P<sub>m</sub>ax. <sup>one</sup> large volume of current is being drawn by the energy extractor 42 from the energy source 32 and, consequently, the energy source 32 is supplying less than the maximum energy available from the energy source 32. The maximum energy available is the largest amount of energy that could be obtained, given the ambient conditions and other conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor 42. In order to reduce the current flow, the duty cycle of the switching control circuitry 78 is shortened. This is also the case for example (2) in which the arrow (2) shows that when the energy and voltage are both decreasing, there is also an abundance of current and less energy than the maximum energy available from the energy source 32. reverse mode, when operating to the right of P<sub>bad</sub>x (examples (3) and (4)), very little current is being drawn by the energy extractor and less energy than the maximum energy available from the energy source 32. Therefore, to increase the current flow, the work cycle of the switching control circuitry 89 is increased. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate an implementation of the specification under special conditions. Other deployments may operate differently and involve additional factors. In a different deployment, the current could be increased by decreasing the duty cycle.
Referring again to FIGURE 9, if the energy is at Pmax for a period of time, the energy and voltage will not increase or decrease for that period of time. Consequently, the duty cycle can remain the same. In some modalities, the control loop includes mechanisms to prevent a maximum local energy (minimum local difference), which is not a maximum energy, from being interpreted as a maximum energy, so that the duty cycle is not modified. One mechanism is natural noise, which will tend to promote fluctuations in the control loop that result in energy variation. Another mechanism is the artificially induced control loop fluctuations which, in some deployments, can result in the duty cycle varying after a specific period of time, if the set of detection circuits does not show variations in energy or voltage.
The power gap detection circuitry 94 generates the switching control signal in response to the situation in Figure 10. Figure 11 illustrates how comparative circuitry 106 compares the switching control signal with the tooth waveform. saw. The duty cycle of the switching control circuitry 78 varies as the sawtooth wave area varies above the switching control signal. For example, the sawtooth wave area above the switching control signal is less than time t<sub>3</sub> up to U than time ti up to t<sub>2</sub>. The smaller area above the switching control signal corresponds to a lower duty cycle. The smaller area above the switching control signal would correspond to a higher duty cycle in other modes. The .5 V1 and .6 V1 voltages are used by way of illustration and are not limiting. In addition, in other modalities, other waveforms (triangle, sine, etc.) could be used instead of the sawtooth wave20.
Figures 12 and 13 illustrate examples of the energy difference detection circuitry 94 that can be used in some embodiments of the invention. There are countless other ways to implement identical or similar functions. In figure 12, a current measurement circuit 128 includes a voltage measurement circuitry 130 internal to the energy difference detection circuitry 94 to measure the voltage through a small resistor Rs at N1 (or elsewhere) to determine the current (I = V / R). Although a small Rs resistor is shown, there are numerous other ways to measure current, including by measuring a magnetic field. The level-voltage signal of N1 (ie, VN1) (or elsewhere) and a level-current signal of N1 (ie, IN1) (or elsewhere) are continuous signals. (In other embodiments, the voltage is deducted indirectly.) Multiplier 134 continuously multiplies the voltage and current in N1 to determine the energy in Ν1 (PN1).
Differentiator 136 provides a signal responsive to changes in energy (ΔΡ), while processor 132 provides a signal responsive to changes in voltage (AV). In some embodiments, the differentiator 136 measures the energy gap. ΔΡ / AV represents the unevenness energy at node N1 (or the other location). The maximum energy is obtained when ΔΡ / Δν = 0. The energy difference (or merely the energy variation) can be determined in several ways. The energy difference can be an instantaneous energy difference determined through the set of analog circuits. Alternatively, an energy gap or merely a variation of energy can be detected through the set of digital circuits, such as a processor, by comparing the samples. The processor could compare the samples and determine an unevenness and a corresponding voltage variation (or a voltage difference). Alternatively, the processor could merely determine whether the energy is increasing or decreasing and whether the corresponding voltage is increasing or decreasing. In some modalities, the differentiator 136 provides merely a magnitude of the energy variation (energy gap) and in other modalities, it provides both the magnitude and the direction. For example, the unevenness at point (1) in Figure 9 is in a positive direction, while the unevenness at point (2) is in a negative direction, despite having a similar magnitude.
Power difference detection circuitry 94 includes voltage variation detection circuitry 132, which may be a processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other circuitry. Circuitry 132 can also perform scaling, as discussed. In some embodiments, circuitry 94 detects a decline in voltage variation, and in other embodiments, it merely detects whether the voltage is increasing or decreasing. It can detect variation through an analog or digital circuitry. In some modalities, only the direction (that is, not the magnitude) of the voltage variation is relevant. Referring again to FIGURE 9, example (1) involves an increasing (positive) tension, while example (2) involves a decreasing (negative) tension. Thus, in example (2) of Figure 10, when the differentiator 136 indicates a decrease in energy, the voltage variation detection circuitry 132 indicates a decrease in voltage. When there is a voltage decrease, the controlled inverter 138 inverts the negative output of the differentiator 136, which results in a positive number corresponding to the positive energy difference at point (2). Therefore, by combining the results of the differentiator 136 and the voltage variation detection circuitry 132, the energy difference detection circuitry 94 can determine whether the current decreases or increases. As shown in Figure 10, when the energy gap is positive (examples (1) and (2)), the duty cycle of circuitry 78 is reduced; when the energy gap is negative (examples (3) and (4), the duty cycle is increased. In some modalities, the output of the controlled inverter 138 is scaled by a scalar (amplifier A1) 140, which inserts the signal in the suitable range to be compared with the waveform (as shown in Figure 11). Also, in some embodiments, an integrated 144 can be used to act as a low-pass filter and otherwise smooth out rapid variations.
In some modalities, the switching control signal is dependent on the slope of the energy difference or the amount of energy variation, and in other modalities, the variations are increasing. In some embodiments, circuitry 94 does not model an energy curve, it merely responds to the detected voltage and current variations to move towards maximum energy, without knowing where the maximum energy is in a curve. In fact, it is not necessary what the energy curve would resemble. In other embodiments, circuitry 94, or another circuitry, such as processor 172 in Figure 25 models a power curve.
In some embodiments, the input (for example, voltage and / or current) and the control loop can set the saturation limit for each of the inductors in the energy transfer circuitry 72. In other words, the saturation limit each of the inductors can be independent of the power extractor output and the switching frequency.
Figure 13 shows how voltage variations can be detected by the set of analog detection circuits 148 (for example, differentiator, etc.) in some modalities. In addition, an external current sensor 146 can measure the amount of current that is transferred by the energy extractor and communicates that information to the set of energy difference detection circuits 94. Amplifier 140 can also be controlled by a processor, ASIC, or FPGA 150 based on various conditions that include, among others, climatic conditions and the level of charge loading (for example, battery).
Figure 14 illustrates an example of the optional integrator 144 of Figures 12 and 13. Integrator 144 may be included in some embodiments of the power gap detection circuitry 94 to dampen the switching control signal from the control circuitry. detection of energy difference 94. Integrator 144 includes a resistor R1 at the output of an operational amplifier 152 and a resistor R2 in parallel with a capacitor C. The charge stored in the capacitor is drained by resistor R2. Draining the load by resistor R2 causes the output of integrator 144 to be lower over time than the input (as received from the power gap detection circuitry). This reduced output reduces the impact (i.e., dampens) of the switching control signal on the duty cycle of circuitry 78.
There are several other ways to obtain the switching control signal. Examples include performing all analysis on a processor. Other examples involve considering the saturation levels of inductors. An example is illustrated in association with Figure 28. A phase locked loop (PLL) can be used to detect the on and off times of switches S1 and S2. This information would be provided to the processor, which can use the information for different purposes. Two phase-related signals can be used in conjunction with the duty cycle control.
Figure 15 shows several connectors (110, 112, 116, 118, 122, and 124) for connecting power source 32 and load 64 to power extractor 42 and / or circuit board 156, as shown. The circuit board 156 can be in a housing 158. The circuit board 156 and the housing 158 can have a wide variety of shape, including, for example, a specific box. Alternatively, circuit board 156 could be a consumer electronic device, (for example, cell phone, personal data assistant (PDA)) or be a computer card, in which case the charge could be similarly integrated with the accommodation, or in a variety of other deployments. As described below, in some deployments, the power source could be integrated into the housing. If the connector has an impedance substantially different from the adjacent nodes, then the different nodes (for example, Ν1, N1 *, N1 **) can be considered separate nodes. If the connector has relatively little impedance in relation to the adjacent nodes, then the different nodes can be considered as one node.
Figure 16 shows that a circuit 160 can be included between the power source 32 and the node N1 in some embodiments. Figure 17 shows that a diode 162 can be included between the power source 32 and N1 in some embodiments.
Figure 18 reproduces the energy transfer circuitry of Figure 8 for convenience of comparison with the alternative energy transfer circuitry illustrated in Figures 19-22. The values of the resistors, capacitors and inductors (such as R1, R2 C1, C2, C3, C4, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6) are not necessarily the same in Figures 18-22.
Figure 23 illustrates a battery 164 whose positive battery terminal is connected to earth. N2 represents the node at the output of power extractor 42. In some embodiments, battery 164 is connected to N2, so that the negative terminal of battery 164 is linked to N2 and the positive terminal is linked to ground. With reference to Figures 7 and 8, one of the reasons for the configuration of Figure 23 is that, in some modalities, the voltages in N4 and N3 have opposite polarities. For example, if the voltages in N3 and N4 are VN3 and VN4, respectively , VN3 can be VN4. In other embodiments, battery 164 can be connected so that the positive terminal is connected to N2 and the negative terminal is connected to ground. Still, in some modalities, the tension in N4 and N3 are not opposite tensions.
Figure 24 illustrates an example of the comparative circuitry that can be used in some embodiments of the invention. Comparative circuitry 106 can be any circuitry used to compare the signal indicating the energy variation 98 with the reference signal (for example, a voltage reference, V<sub>re</sub>f) to regulate the duty cycle of the circuit set.
Figure 25 is similar to FIGURE 8, but includes an additional circuitry, including a 172 / Field Programmable Port (FPGA) processor / ASIC / and / or 172 (hereinafter referred to as processor 172), a set of circuitry scaling 176, current sensors 184, 186, and 188. Processor 172 receives signals indicative of the detected current as well as the voltage of node N1 *. The letters A and B show the connections between current sensors 184 and 186 and processor 172. In some embodiments, processor 172 also gathers information and / or provides control for the inverter of subloads 64-1, battery 64-2, and / or another load 64-3 of load 64. Current information can be used to indicate such information as rate, amount and efficiency of energy transfer. One reason for gathering this information is for processor 172 to determine whether it is in protection mode (like the second mode) or in ordinary operating mode (like the first mode). In a protection mode, several things can be done by processor 172 to provide power extractor 42 or load 64. One option is to open switch S3. Another option is to open a switch S4 shown in Figure 26. Another option is to provide an oscillation signal to stagger circuitry 176, which is combined in circuitry 178 with a signal indicating the power difference to generate the switching control signal on conductor 98. For example, if the oscillation signal makes the switching control signal too high, the duty cycle would be low, causing a small current. The regulation of the energy in the protection mode can be to interrupt the energy completely or merely to reduce the energy. In protection mode, the goal is no longer to maximize the energy transferred. In some modalities, the oscillation signal is stipulated for purposes other than merely the protection mode.
Figure 26 illustrates a processor control line for controlling a switch, S4, which can be opened to interrupt any transfer of energy from power extractor 42 to a load (for example, inverter 64-1, battery 64-2, and / or other cargo 64-3). Processor 172 also controls the routing of energy between different sub-loads (for example, inverter 64-1, battery 64-2, or another load 64-3) in some modalities. In addition, the temperature sensors 192-1, 1923, and 192-3 are shown as connected to different loads. Based on temperature (eg, excessive heat), the processor can cause switch S4 to open or close or otherwise regulate power, such as via the swing signal or open switch S3. The power extractor 42 can operate in a protection mode based on some limiting condition of the device. Examples of device limiting conditions include one or more of the following: excess heat, voltage, energy, or current in N1, energy extractor 42, and / or N2. Other device limiting conditions may occur. The power extractor can detect the state of external switches, such as immersion switches, or obtain updates via a memory (such as an instantaneous memory) to determine the characteristics of the load that can be considered to decide whether to enter protection mode.
Figure 27 illustrates two different battery loads, 64-1-1 and 641-2, connected to the output node N2 by a switch, S5. This configuration illustrates the functional flexibility of the energy extractor 42 in numerous modalities. Since both source and load side impedance matching characteristics are provided, the power extractor 42 automatically adapts to the load and supplies power to the load. In other words, the output of the energy extractor 42 is energy - the output voltage and the output current comprising the energy are not fixed. The output voltage and output current automatically adapts to the load, without reducing energy. In other words, the power extractor 42 can operate regardless of any voltage. Thus, the output energy can be deregulated, except for the protection mode.
For example, in some embodiments, power extractor 42 can extract 60 Watts of energy from power source 32 to be transferred to battery 186-1. If the 64-2-1 battery is a 12 Volt battery, then the ex25 power tractor 42 can supply 5 A of current at 12 Volts to charge the battery. If the 64-2-1 battery is switched or replaced with a 15 volt 64-2-2 battery, then the 42 power extractor will still provide 60 Watts of energy to charge the battery in the form of 4 A of current at 15 Volts . Although this example illustrates the adaptability / flexibility of the e30 energy extractor 42, it should be noted that it may be necessary for the output voltage of the power extractor to be slightly higher than the battery voltage to make the current flow to the drums.
In the example above, and in some other modalities, the feedback point of the energy extractor can be based on the transfer of output energy, instead of traditional systems, where the feedback point is based on the current or the output voltage. Other modalities operate in a different way.
Figure 28 illustrates a complementary detail of the energy extractor 42, according to other modalities. Current sensors 222 and 224 provide signals indicative of the current through switches S1 and S2, which are added to totalizer 202. The energy may be related to the average current from totalizer 202. These can be supplied to an integrator 206 to provide a signal indicative of energy, which is differentiated by the differentiator 212 and amplified by the amplifier 214. The voltage variation (or voltage difference) can be considered as mentioned above.
Figure 29 illustrates voltage regulators 232 and 236 that take the unregulated voltage from the power extractor 42 and supply a regulated voltage, as needed (for example, to supply several circuits inside the power extractor 42). Unregulated energy is supplied to regulator 232 through a transformer T2 (inductors L5 and L6) and diode D1. Unregulated energy is supplied to regulator 236 through a transformer T4 (inductors L7 and L8) and iodine D2.
The power extractor 42 can be used to transfer energy from one or more more batteries 272 to a charge 64, which can include another battery. Figure 30 illustrates a battery or batteries 272 as the power source. One reason for using the power extractor 42 with batteries as the source is that the lower energy and lower voltage batteries can be used to charge other batteries, even with a lower or higher voltage. Since the power extractor 42 extracts DC power in any available form (for example, not at a specific or fixed voltage or current) and produces energy in any form required by the load (for example, not at a specific or fixed voltage or current) ), the energy extractor 42 is flexible and adaptable - within safety limits or other reasonable limits, there are no restrictions on the type of source and / or load that can be connected to the energy extractor 42. For example, the power extractor 42 can transfer the available energy in a 9 Volt battery to charge a 15 Volt battery. In another example, the power extractor 42 can transfer energy from two 5-volt batteries to a 12-volt battery. The flexibility and adaptability of the power extractor 42 contrast with traditional charge controllers and other energy transfer systems, where the transfer of energy from input to output is a product derived from regulating the output voltage. Figure 31 illustrates parallel power extractors 42 and 44 that receive power from battery power sources 276 and 278, respectively, and supply power to load 64.
Figure 32 illustrates a side view of an integrated circuit (IC1) chip that includes a photovoltaic power source 284 and power extractor 286 manufactured on a substrate 282 of IC1. The power extractor 286 can be identical or slightly different from the power extractor 42. Figure 33 shows a top view of IC1 that includes the photovoltaic power source 284, power extractor 286, first and second nodes and a chip interface 288. There may be a diode between the power extractor 286 and the source 284. In practice, the sketch would be slightly different with the photovoltaic power source 284, covering a service area greater or less than that shown. Likewise, the power extractor could cover a larger or smaller service area than shown. Figure 34 shows a plurality of IC IC1, IC2, ... IC25 chips similar to the IC1 of the Figures
32 and 33 assembled by a 296 board. The integrated circuit can also contain several sets of functional circuits, in addition to the power extractor and the power source. Figure 32 illustrates that the power extractor may be on a much smaller scale. Conversely, the energy extractor 42 can be on a much larger scale, for example, in the high energy modes. Fig. 40 can be an example of such high energy modalities. For example, parts of the control loop, such as the power gap detection circuitry 94, may be at a substantial distance from node N1. In some modalities, the distance is less than one meter, and in other modalities, it is greater than one meter and can be substantially greater than one meter. Alternatively, the energy difference detection circuitry and energy transfer circuitry can be very close together in the same container or housing. The optical coupling or the magnetic coupling can be used in several places, including between the N1 node and the energy variation detector.
Figures 35, 36, and 37 illustrate different configurations for connecting one or more power extractors (power extractors 1, 2, and 3) to one or more (PV) photovoltaic sources, according to various modalities. For example, in Figure 35, PV power sources (for example, PV cells or PV panels) are directly connected together and to power extractors 1, 2 and 3, through connectors 320-1, 320-2, and 320 -3, and 322-1 and 322-2, which can be glues, adhesives, mounting brackets, and / or other connectors in various modalities. In figure 36, PV sources 1, 2, and 3 and power extractors 1, 2, and 3 are directly connected, while the entire unit is supported by an external frame 320. In figure 37, PV sources are connected between themselves and energy extractors 1, 2, and 3 through the elements of frame 330, 334-1, 334-2, 338-1,338-2, and 228-3.
Figures 38 and 39 illustrate numerous configurations for connecting multiple energy sources and multiple energy extractors, according to various modalities. For example, Figure 38 shows power extractors PE11, PE12, and PE13 in series to increase the voltage from the energy source S1. The parallel power extractors PE21, PE22, and PE23 in series with the PS2 power source, and PE31, PE32, and PE33 in the PS3 series power source are combined are combined to increase the current. Figure 39 is similar, however, each power extractor is coupled to a power source (PS11 to PE11, PS12 to PE12, PS13 to PE13, PS21 to PE21, PS22 to PE22, and PS23 to PE23).
Figure 40 illustrates the placement of power extractors on one or more transmission lines. Naturally, the magnitude of the energy that can be transferred through the energy extractors 1, 2, and 3 in Figure 40 is much greater than that which can be transferred in the integrated circuit of Figures 32-34.
The energy extractor of the invention can be used in association with different types of devices. For example, Figure 41 illustrates the use of a power extractor 358 in a device 350, as a pacemaker. A pacemaker device is used in this example for illustrative purposes only; other types of devices can be used similarly in other modalities. The 358 power extractor draws power from the battery or 354 batteries for the energy of a 312 charge (for example, the pacemaker itself). The 358 power extractor includes a processor / ASIC / or other 360 circuitry to determine battery usage and / or battery life on the pacemaker. The information can be communicated through an antenna 366. Based on this information, a doctor or technician or anyone else can send the control information to the 360 processor to oscillate the power extractor, so that battery power is conserved, optimized, etc. on device 302 as desired. That is, it is not necessarily desirable to use the battery at full power, and instead, energy conservation may be more desirable. The oscillation signal in figure 25 can be useful to help preserve the battery.
Fig. 42 illustrates the use of a power extractor 388 on another device 382, such as a cell phone. Again, a cell phone is used by way of example and illustration; other devices can incorporate a power extractor in a similar way. The power extractor 388 is included in the device 382 to extract power from a power source 384. Exemplary sources of energy may include light energy (including solar), heat (for example, body heat), movement energy (for example, walking, running, general body movement, etc.), wind, battery, infrared conversion in electricity, etc. Any electrical energy that can be generated by the power source 384 can be extracted by the energy extractor 388 and transferred to load 392 to power the device 382. The 390 processor can be used to control a desired mode, for example, obtaining the maximum energy from the solar cell or the thermal source power source, or trying to convert the battery power when the battery becomes low. The device can have a combination of power sources. Thus, in some embodiments, the 388 power extractor can be used to charge, either partially or fully, a cell phone battery without having to plug the 382 device into a traditional electrical outlet.
As another example, Figure 43 illustrates a vehicle wheel 404 with a regenerative brake generator 408 that supplies power to the energy extractor 418 to charge a battery 418. The energy extractor 418 can obtain the maximum energy from the generator 408.
Figure 44 illustrates transformer clamps 512-1, 512-2, 5123, and 512-4 that can be used to provide cooling for planar inductive devices, such as planar induction coils or planar transformers, including 514-1-cores. , 514-2, 514-3 and 514-4 and the E-core numbers 518-1, 518-2, 518-3, and 518-4 supported by a printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication 520 placed on a 522 chassis. The 522 chassis can be attached to the rear of the solar cell, solar panel, or other power source. The 512 clips can be made of aluminum, copper, or some other thermally conductive material. A thermal heat mass or other heat conductor can be used to assist in conducting heat. Of course, the figure 44 system is not used in many modalities.
Figure 45 is similar to FIGURE 2 except that a processor 484 communicates with power extractors 42, 44, and 46. Communication can be in one direction only or in both directions. Examples of the data or other information communicated are provided in connection with FIGURE 46. Memory 488 can retain data for future analysis.
Fig. 46 illustrates a system with a power source 550 for supplying power to a power extractor switching converter (PESC) 552, which can be the same power extractor 42. In addition to controlling PESC functions, a processor (such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor) in the PESC 552 can collect statistical information about all energy conversion stages and communicate telemetry in real time, energy statistical data, and statistical data to a central station and also receive real-time data energy control algorithms, administrative information, sensor administration commands and new software images from the central station. The information gathered (including one or more of the following: status, statistics, power extractor configuration, GPS (global positioning system) information and environmental information) is provided by the processor at PESC 552 to a processor at a central station 564 via wired or wireless communication (560). The processor 484 and the memory 488 of Figure 45 are examples of components of the central station 564. A communication subsystem (for example, Ethernet) allows communication between the processor and the central station 564. The processor in the PESC 552 can include current sensors and DC voltage on the input line side, current sensors and the output voltage of the power stage, DC signal detection on the output side and DC sensors on the output line side.
Several additional components can be used in the components illustrated above. For example, a fuse and a blocking diode can be placed in parallel with the load. If the fuse is blown because the diode is swung forward, it can be used to provide information that there was excessive current or voltage. The information can be of immediate use to put the system in protection mode or it can be of use for late diagnosis information. A fuse can be in series between the extractor and the load.
In some embodiments, the circuitry, such as a thermal pair device, can be used to recapture the heat from the energy extractor and generate energy from it.
In some embodiments, the energy can be transmitted in separate packages.
Figure 47 illustrates a system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and multiple loads according to some modalities. The 600 system provides a scenario in the general use case for the 630 power extractor. The 630 power extractor is an example of a power extractor, according to any modality described here. There can be only one or more 612-614 power sources attached to the 630 power extractor. Note that different power sources may require different coupling hardware. Input coupling hardware 620 includes interface circuits that couple input power sources to power extractor 630. In some embodiments, interface circuit 622 is different from interface circuit 624. However, they can be the same.
The 612-614 power sources can be any type of DC power source (referred to as a power source or a power source). Examples of DC power sources that can be used according to the modalities of the invention include, without limitation, photovoltaic cells or panels, a battery or batteries, and sources that derive energy through wind, water (for example, hydroelectric), tidal forces, heat (eg thermal pair), hydrogen power generation, gas, radioactive power generation, mechanical, piezoelectric deformation, and movement (eg, human movement, such as walking, running, etc.). Energy sources can include natural energy sources and man-made energy sources, and can be stable (providing constant energy, but of varying magnitude) and unstable (providing energy that varies over time. Input coupling hardware 620 can be considered to include the entire interface (for example, from the cable / wire / trace to the connector / pin for the circuitry), or simply include the interface circuitry. The interface circuitry can include any type of separate components (for example, resistors, capacitors, inductors / transformers, diodes, etc.) as described herein, and in another way known in the art.
In addition, in some embodiments, the input coupling hardware 620 includes switches (for example, energy field effect transistors (FETs)) or other similar mechanisms that allow one or more power sources to be separately disconnected or decoupled from the power extractor 630. The coupling and decoupling of power sources can be performed, for example, via control signals from a management portion of the power extractor.
Similar to the input side, the power extractor 630 includes, or is coupled to the power extractor 630 in system 600, the output coupling hardware 640. Output coupling hardware 640 includes interface elements 642-644. There may be a one-to-one relationship between interface elements 642-644 and loads 652-654, but said relationship is not strictly necessary. One or more loads can be coupled via the same outgoing coupling hardware. A similar configuration can exist in the 620 input coupling hardware - the relationship of the elements to the sources can be one-to-one, or some other reason. For a different one-to-one reason, there may be restrictions on placing individual sources or loads connected and disconnected. These constraints could result in reduced efficiency (from an otherwise potentially achievable ideal) in the impedance match, although the group match may not be less efficient. Thus, loads and / or sources can be manipulated in groups, which can be connected or disconnected as a group, and impedance matched as a group.
Loads 652-654 can also be selectively coupled to the power extractor 630 via output coupling hardware 640. One or more loads can be coupled or decoupled via a control signal, according to a management strategy. The power transfer manager 634 in general represents any type of power transfer management circuit, and can include one or more elements of the processing circuit set, such as microprocessors, field programmable port matrix (FPGA), circuitry application-specific integrated systems (ASIC), programmable logic matrices (PLAs), microcontrollers, etc. Energy transfer management is performed by a 634 energy transfer manager, which can be considered to operate in accordance with the energy transfer management strategy. This strategy controls how the energy will be transferred, or how the energy transfer manager 634 will operate to manage the energy transfer. The operation to manage the power transfer may include adjusting the output lines to an active or inactive state (for example, by pivoting a microprocessor I / O pin), or otherwise sending configuration controls to other circuits.
The power transfer manager 634 monitors incoming energy for power variations to determine how to control the operation of the 632 power transfer circuitry. The 632 power transfer circuitry is described above, and in general allows the energy extractor 630 convert energy from sources into energy to transmit to loads. Note that the ability to selectively couple and decouple sources and loads, 634 power transfer manager can include logic to adjust energy transfer according to a number of energy transfer scenarios. Said capacity allows variations in the configuration of the dynamic system, while the 630 power extractor maintains transmission efficiency. The power transfer manager 634 and the power extractor 630 can dynamically and continuously adjust to system settings, as well as continuously monitor incoming and / or outgoing energy curves. The logic will be responsible for the load (s) needs, and the input of the source (s). In some embodiments, load requirements can be determined by monitoring the hardware. A simpler method is to include energy profiles for the intended loads, which tell the energy transfer manager 634 how to control the output for particular loads. The energy transfer manager 634 can identify which loads are present and, therefore, which profiles are applicable, based on the detection / monitoring of the load, and / or via the indication of a load by an external source (for example, the load itself sends a signal as a load pin drive on a microprocessor, or a system management entity indicates which loads are present, etc.).
An inefficiency of traditional systems is always the aspect for switching supplies. That is, the technology of energy transfer consumed energy even when the loads did not require energy, and / or even when a source was not available. That is, some part of the set of energy transfer circuits was always consuming energy. In some embodiments, the energy transfer manager 634 can automatically turn the 630 energy extractor on and off based on the presence of energy and / or load. That is, for example, the 634 power transfer manager can automatically go into a rest state if the input power falls below a threshold (for example, 1.0mA at 5V). When the power is above the threshold, the power transfer manager 634 can determine whether any loads are or should be connected. In the absence of the source and / or load, the 634 power transfer manager may not provide the control signals, which results in no power transfer, or it may produce signals to disable the active circuitry. The 634 power transfer manager can be sophisticated and also, or alternatively, include a stopwatch mechanism that allows the system to come out of use after a period of time (for example, 5 minutes) to recheck the condition of the system.
In some embodiments, the concepts of energy management as incorporated by the 634 energy transfer manager can be considered to include multiple aspects. For example, energy management can include standards and activity control, where each standard can control a different aspect of energy control, or control the same aspect of energy control differently. Standards of activity and control can be implemented as hardware, software, or some combination. The activity norms can be broken down into planning norms, which are strategic norms that can observe the impedance match or monitor the energy curve. Organizational standards can be tactical standards that determine how to deal with multiple inputs and outputs. The standards can provide and / or implement parameters that provide the particular functionality of the 630 power extractor. The control can implement actions or effect the standards of the activity. For example, in some modalities, the impedance match can only match a single source of energy. Selective matching would be performed for the input source that produces the most sense for the match.
In some embodiments, determining how to transfer energy to loads or determining an energy transfer strategy includes determining or identifying and selecting energy distribution standards. The energy transfer then takes place according to the selected energy distribution standard. Energy distribution rules can be simple or complex, and in general can be classified as below.
Hierarchical norms result in a simple precedence of one load over the other. As the energy from the source fluctuates up and down, the energy transferred to the loads can serve to give preferential treatment to one load over the other. An example might be to favor the set of operational circuits of the mission-critical device, while giving lower preference to recharging one of the backup batteries.
The list linkage rules establish a schedule for energy distribution. For example, energy can be distributed to one load for a period of time, then to another, then to another. Thus, all charges would receive some portion of the energy distributed in a given period of time. Allocation-based rules can institute fixed allocations for each load. For example, a system can allocate 80% of the distributed energy to charge a main battery, leaving 20% for one or more other charges.
Time-based standards allow an energy distribution to be based on the time of day, or time of the week. For example, a system can be programmed with a sunrise / sunset schedule and have logic to determine the peak solar hours. Thus, one can expect that the energy is at the peak of a solar panel at particular times of the day. Based on the time of day, the system can distribute energy according to one strategy or another. In another scenario, a system may have historical data that indicates peak load usage. The energy can be distributed at certain times of the day, according to the intended use. Note that, as described below, the peak input energy and peak load can be actively determined and dynamically accountable. Time-based standards can then act as a skeleton for other standards to be applied. For example, during certain hours of the day, the list link can be used, while a demand based on strategy is employed at other times of the day.
Functionality-based standards allow the system to allocate energy according to the functionality of the load or the purpose in the system. For example, in a pacemaker, the functional circuitry can take priority over battery charging. Similarly, navigational equipment may have preferential treatment over cabin lights on an aircraft. Demand-based standards can adjust the transfer of energy to be commensurate with the demand for cargo. Demand-based standards may require the addition of the detection circuitry (not shown) on the 640 output coupling hardware. In some embodiments, the 630 power extractor includes load-balancing logic (hardware and / or software) to implement demand-based standards. In some embodiments, command-based standards can also be applied. That is, the central station or another control entity can provide a standard for how the energy should be distributed, which can cancel any other standards in the system.
As already suggested, energy distribution standards can be applied consistently, or can be adjusted for any number of scenarios (changing demand, time of day, number / resistance of energy sources, etc.).
The power transfer manager 634 may include or have an associated 635 impedance control. The 635 impedance control can refer to hardware and software that matches the impedance of the input coupling hardware 620 and / or output coupling hardware 640 with the associated sources or loads, respectively. Techniques for impedance matching are described above, and will not be repeated here.
In some embodiments, power extractor 630 includes presentation logic 636. Presentation logic 636 can include hardware and software to generate potentially user interface functionality and produce the condition for the power extractor 630 or system 600. In some embodiments, presentation logic 636 is coupled to power extractor 630, and is not necessarily part of power extractor 630. In said deployments, the presentation logic of block 636 can represent the coupling components to connect the power extractor 630 to the presentation logic. Presentation logic 636 can provide operational condition 662 to an entity external to the power extractor 630. Examples include a heart beat signal, or more detailed information about parameters and operations passed to the other hardware. Presentation logic 636 can include display control capabilities that allow the 600 system to generate textual and / or graphic representations for presentation to a user. In some embodiments, presentation logic 636 may include messages that indicate information about how to operate the system. For example, in a system dependent on solar energy sources, the 636 presentation logic may indicate that the user should discover a light source to prevent the machine from shutting down due to energy loss. The reader skilled in the art will understand that many other similar applications are possible.
In some modalities, the information is exchanged with an entity that is separate from the 600 system. Said entity can be a managing entity or central station, or some other entity. Transceiver 638 provides the power extractor 630 with the ability to transmit and receive information. Transceiver 638 can transmit telemetry, which indicates an operational condition 662, such as where the system 600 is located, which hardware / software version is present, which memory is available, which configuration is currently in the system, how much power is left battery, etc. The 638 transceiver can receive algorithms, configuration parameters, power profiles, updated firmware, or other control information. The 638 transceiver can communicate over wired and wireless links, over networks or to unique devices, and potentially provide secure communication.
Interface 660 is intended to represent a standard interface that can couple the power extractor 630 with any type of local circuitry, user input mechanisms or other interface not explicitly discussed in the present.
Figure 48 illustrates the wristwatch system with multiple energy sources, an energy extractor, and multiple loads according to some modalities. The 700 watch represents a wristwatch that has two power sources, solar source 712 and thermal source 714. Solar source 712 can include solar panels on the face or body of the watch. When used, solar cells will provide energy from ambient light. The thermal source 714 can be located on the distal side of the watch. Thus, when used, the thermal source will be close to the wearer's arm and can generate energy from the heat emitted by the wearer. No source is a stable source of energy. There will not always be light present, and the wearer can remove the watch and thus remove the heat source (assuming that the heat from room temperature is not a sufficient heat source).
The power extractor 720 receives energy from both sources 712 and 714, which can be transferred to multiple loads. On the 700 watch, one charge is the 730 clock mechanism. The other charge is the 740 battery. The 730 clock mechanism represents the internal mechanisms that allow the watch to keep time, calculate dates, perform stopwatch functions, store data, generate a display, moving hands or any other functionality is available from the 700 watch. The 740 battery is a rechargeable battery, and therefore is a charge. The power extractor 720 supplies power to the 730 clock mechanism from one or both of the power sources, when power sources are available. In times when neither the 712 or 714 power source is available, the 740 battery powers the 730 clock mechanism.
In some embodiments, the 730 watch mechanism is a higher priority charge than the 740 battery. That is, the power extractor 720 first supplies power to the 730 watch mechanism before charging the 740 battery. Under certain operating conditions, the Power sources 712-714 will provide more power than needed to operate the 730 clock mechanism, and power extractor 720 will charge the 740 battery. In a deployment where the impedance matching is performed, the power extractor 720 can select to match the impedance to just a single load. In some embodiments, the highest priority load available will be matched to the impedance, and other loads will not be matched.
In some embodiments, the power extractor 720 matches the impedance to the 712-714 power sources. The 720 power extractor can only match a single source. In said implantation, the power extractor 720 can select to match the impedance to the source with the highest energy input.
The 740 battery and the 730 clock mechanism will have associated energy profiles. Along a similar line, both solar source 712 and thermal source 714 will have input energy capacity. Consider that the solar source 712 provides 0.3W of energy in good light conditions, and the thermal source 714 provides 0.1W for a total of 0.4W. If the clock mechanism 730 requires only 0.3W of power, the power extractor 720 can choose to disconnect the connection to the thermal source 714 when the battery 740 does not require charging (for example, its power level is greater than one threshold). At lower light levels, the 712 solar source may drop to 0.25W. Therefore, the power extractor 720 will connect the thermal source 714 to compensate for the difference. If the combined sources do not meet the needs of the clock mechanism, the power extractor can choose to have the battery operate the clock mechanism, and channel all incoming energy to charge the battery. The flexibility of the 720 power extractor provides the ability to apply energy to a number of different scenarios.
Continuing the discussion of the above standards, in some modalities, the 700 watch includes a dynamic energy distribution strategy. For example, it is possible to use a dynamic hierarchy. Said implantation could operate as follows: when neither the source 712 nor the source 714 are available, disconnect the clock from the battery 740; when the thermal source is available, disconnect the clock mechanism 730 from the thermal source 714; when solar source 712 and thermal source 714 are both active, disconnect the clock mechanism 730 from the thermal source, and charge the battery 740 with solar source 712. Other scenarios could be employed.
Figure 49 illustrates a wireless router system with multiple power sources, a power extractor, and multiple loads, according to some modalities. System 800 illustrates wireless router 810 with power extractor 812 coupled to two power sources, wind turbine 832, and solar panel 834. The power extractor 812 selectively transfers power from power sources 832-834 to the circuit set of the wireless route 810, such as the routing circuit set 814, and to the battery 816. The routing circuit set represents the set functional circuitry of the 810 wireless router. The functional circuitry converts energy into useful work. Specifically, the 810 wireless router provides inter-network communication functionality for wireless communication devices.
Consider that the power extractor 812 includes an energy profile for the set of routing circuits 814. An energy profile as described here can be a dynamic profile. That is, the energy profile may depend on certain conditions. For example, the 810 wireless router can be accessed more often during peak day hours, or at night, for example. During the middle of the night or in the middle of the day, there may be much less demand for routing services. Thus, the profile can specify the use of activity rules that vary with the time of day and / or the activity of the device. In a deployment where load priorities are set, priorities can be switched under certain circumstances.
For example, if the wireless router 810 experiences less traffic during hours of high sunlight, when the most efficient use of the 834 solar panel could occur, the priority may be to use the 834 solar panel to charge the 816 battery. , the 816 battery includes multiple battery technologies. An energy profile for the 816 battery can include standards that indicate how the power extractor should transfer energy to battery components, which can be considered separate charges. For example, peak sun hours may be better for charging a lead-acid battery (for example, a main battery), and off-peak hours would be better for charging a Ni-Cad battery (for example, a battery reserve).
The 800 system illustrates the use of multiple sources and loads. At least one of the charges can be complex, or consist of multiple charges. The concept of complex energy profiles is also illustrated. Additionally, in some embodiments, the wireless router 810 includes telemetry 818, which represents data about the operational condition of the wireless router 810. The communication controller 820 can be used to communicate telemetry 818 to a remote or separate entity. The communication controller 820 can also receive data from the separate entity. The communication controller 820 can operate via wireless transceiver 822 and / or wired connection 824. Wired and wireless communication technologies are common, and understood by those skilled in the art. Any suitable technology and means of communication can be employed.
Figure 50 illustrates a system with multiple sources of energy, an energy extractor, and a load according to some modalities. Step 910 illustrates a system with multiple power sources and a single charge. Any combination of numbers of sources and loads can be used, depending on what makes sense for a given application.
The pacemaker 910 includes a power extractor 912, coupled to two power sources, the battery 922 and the thermal coupling 924. Activity rules may indicate the use of the thermal coupling 924 as much as possible, or use it constantly to exhaust the 922 charge battery constantly, or some other scenario. The power extractor 912 transfers energy from one or more sources to the operational circuit set 914, which performs the functionality of the pacemaker 910.
The pacemaker 910 includes operational parameters 916, which represent data indicative of the status of the pacemaker, which can include critical information about how the machine is operating, and whether it is efficient, whether it needs repair, etc. Operational parameters 916 may also include information (for example, configuration standards) related to the operation of the power extractor 912. Therefore, the power extractor 912 can obtain data from the operational parameters 916 for execution. In some embodiments, this information is transmitted or received via a passive wireless communications system (for example, radio frequency identifier technology (RFID)).
The pacemaker 910 includes RFID communication circuit (comm IC) 930. The IC 930 controls the antenna 932, including generating messages to be sent via a 932 antenna, and receiving and processing signals received via antenna 932. The typical operation of a circuit as shown with RF communication IC 930 and antenna 932 would be as follows. An electromagnetic wave (EM) is generated close to the 910 pacemaker (for example, millimeters or centimeters). The EM wave collides with the 932 antenna, which then generates a charge and creates energy potential. The IC 930 stores the energy potential (for example, in a capacitor) and benefits from the potential to power the IC. The IC then generates a message from operating parameters 916 and transmits the message. Upon receipt, the IC 930 receives processes the message and stores one or more items in operational parameters 916 for use by the energy extractor 912.
Fig. 51 illustrates a system with multiple power sources, a power extractor, and multiple AC loads according to some modes. System 1000 represents an energy transfer system with an inverter. As understood in the art, an inverter is an electronic device or system that produces alternating current (AC) from direct current (DC). In general, the conversion from DC to AC is performed as a conversion from the DC square wave current to the sinusoidal AC current. The inverter is in general the critical component in the traditional photovoltaic energy (PV) system and in other renewable energy systems, as it is responsible for the flow of electricity between these energy systems and various electrical loads. The inverter performs the conversion of the variable CODE DISC source into a clean sinusoidal alternating current (AC) of 5060 Hz. Inverters also perform maximum energy point (MPPT) tracking ostensibly to keep power generation as efficient as possible. An inverter as described here can also have a communication interface for a central station for the transmission of statistics and alerts.
As illustrated, the power extractor 1022 can be a component of the 1020 inverter. That is, the inverter system can include a power extractor as an energy transfer element. System 1000 includes one or more DC sources 1012-1014, which can be dynamically coupled and decoupled to the power extractor 1022 to supply DC current. The operation of the 1022 power extractor can be identical to the modalities already described here. The difference in system 1000 in relation to the previously described is that the consumer of the production of the energy extractor 1022 is a set of inversion circuits 1024. One or multiple AC loads 1042-1044 can be selective, dynamically coupled and decoupled from the inverter 1020 to receive power from the 1024 inversion circuitry.
The inversion circuitry 1024 generally converts the output energy transferred efficiently from the energy extractor 1022 and efficiently converts and filters the energy. The result is an inverter of much higher efficiency than systems deployed with traditional technologies. The above discussions regarding the energy distribution strategy, energy distribution for one or more loads, etc., apply equally to system 1000 as well as to the modalities mentioned above. The difference is that the loads consume AC power instead of DC power. Similar questions of monitoring the output energy will be applied to the set of inversion circuits1024 as well as performed on the energy extractor 1022. The mechanisms for monitoring energy production may be different in the set of inversion circuits1024 than those of the energy extractor 1022.
The 1024 inversion circuitry is an algorithmically operated nonlinear current energy converter. The 1020 inverter, via 1024 inversion circuitry, uses a geometric structure or topology to perform its current switching from the output provided by the 1022 power extractor. The current switching topology technology converts DC energy into AC energy under the processor microcontroller. The microprocessor can be a microprocessor separate from that which can be used in the 1022 power extractor. The load requirements of AC 1042-1044 loads for voltage, frequency, and / or phase can be detected under software control and, thus, implanted for a desired voltage, frequency, and / or phase. As an alternative, or in addition (for example, as a cancellation), the load requirements for voltage, frequency, and / or phase can be controlled by configuration.
The load monitor 1026 represents one or more components, be it hardware, software, or a combination (for example, hardware with hardware control installation), which monitors the production of the 1024 inversion circuit set for voltage (V), frequency ( FREQ), and / or phase. Based on what is detected and / or based on standards or external input, the load monitor 1026 can provide configuration for the 1024 inversion circuitry. Note that even when the load monitor 1026 is implanted in hardware, its entry in the set of inversion circuits1024 can be considered software control if inserted in a microprocessor of the set of inversion circuits1024. The load monitor 1026 can also include a communication connection (not shown) to, for example, a central station that sends the configuration parameters that are transmitted to the inversion circuit set1024.
In addition, or as an alternative, to the load monitor 1026, the inverter 1020 may include more manual configuration mechanisms. These configuration mechanisms can include switches (for example, DIP (double inline packet) configuration switches. Other switches or comparable mechanisms could also be used. DIP switches typically have a row of slides or rockers (or even screw-type rotary mechanisms) that can be adjusted to either position. Each switch position can configure a different item, or the composite of all switch positions is provided as a binary number input for a microprocessor. Selecting frequency 1032 represents a configuration mechanism for adjusting the output frequency of the 1020 drive. The choice of voltage 1034 can be used to select the output voltage of the inverter 1020. The choice of phase 1036 can be used to select the input phase of the inverter 1020. The use of the choice of frequency 1032, the choice of voltage 1034, and the choice of phase 1036 may allow the inverter 1020 to operate correctly, even in cases where information about the voltage, frequency, or phase is provided incorrectly from a grid in which the inverter 1020 operates.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where, when the energy extractor operates in the first mode, the energy extractor is operated so that the magnitude of the energy transferred is at least partially dependent on a change of energy detected continuously, and in which the voltage and current in the first and second nodes are not regulated. The detected energy variation can include an instantaneous energy difference. The magnitude of the transferred energy can also be dependent on the voltage variation simultaneously with the continuously detected energy variation.
In one embodiment, the device also includes an energy source coupled to the first node and in which the energy extractor transfers energy in a magnitude that causes the energy source to approach the maximum available energy supply, given the conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor, and the magnitude of the energy transferred is partially dependent on the maximum energy available. In one embodiment, the energy extractor must transfer the maximum amount of energy supplied by the energy source, given the inefficiencies of the energy extractor. In one embodiment, the energy extractor may not typically obtain an absolute maximum energy from the energy source, given conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor, and may not obtain the absolute maximum transfer of energy provided by the energy source. energy depending on the inefficiencies of the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the energy variation is a variation of energy among one of the following: in the first node, in the second node, or internal to the energy extractor. At times the energy extractor can operate in a second mode, which is a protection mode in which the energy transfer is regulated in response to at least one of the limiting conditions.
In one embodiment, under certain conditions, regulation involves preventing the transfer of all energy and under other conditions, regulation involves reducing the transfer of energy below an otherwise available quantity. In one embodiment, at least one detected limiting condition includes one or more of the following: excessive voltage, energy, or current at the first node, power extractor, or second node; very low voltage, energy, or current at the first node, energy extractor, or second node; and a limiting condition of the device. In one embodiment, the apparatus also includes a temperature sensor to detect the temperature of a load coupled to the second node, in which an excessive temperature detected is an example of a limiting condition of the device.
In one embodiment, when the energy extractor operates in the first mode, the magnitude of energy transferred is partially dependent on a value of an oscillation signal. In one embodiment, the power extractor adaptively matches the impedances between the power source and the combination of the power extractor and the load.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to transfer energy continuously, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to transfer energy continuously, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and second energy transfer circuits to transfer energy discontinuously between the first and second energy transfer circuits. In one embodiment, the first and second energy transfer circuits may be multiphase bisector energy transfer circuits to promote multiphase bisector energy transfer and to move the interface with the discontinuous intermediate energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the power extractor includes a set of circuits to modulate voltages at a third node between the first energy transfer circuit and the intermediate, and at a node between the second energy transfer circuit and the intermediate. In one embodiment, the operating frequency of the circuitry can be dynamically adjusted to maximize the efficiency of energy transfer between the first and second nodes. In one embodiment, the first and second energy transfer circuits individually include an inductor, and the intermediate energy transfer circuit can include capacitors. In one embodiment, the first, second, and the intermediate energy transfer circuit individually include at least one capacitor.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes a set of circuits with a duty cycle that is at least partially dependent on the detected energy variation and the magnitude of the transferred energy is at least partially dependent on the duty cycle.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes: a set of energy transfer circuits to transfer energy between the first and second nodes; set of analysis circuits to provide a switching control signal; and circuitry to control the magnitude of the energy transferred in response to the switching control signal. In one embodiment, the set of analysis circuits includes a set of energy variation detection circuits to continuously determine the energy variation and provide a signal indicating the energy variation indicative of the energy variation, and the switching control signal it is the same as the sign indicating the energy variation.
In one embodiment, the set of analysis circuits also includes: set of circuits to detect energy variation to determine energy variation and provide a signal indicative of energy variation indicative of energy variation; set of processing circuits to create an oscillation signal in at least one mode of operation; set of scaling circuits to scale the oscillation signal; and a set of combination circuits to combine the stepped oscillation signal with the signal indicating the energy variation to generate a switching control signal in at least one operating mode.
In one embodiment, the power extractor is a switching converter. In one embodiment, the device also includes an energy source coupled to the first node, where the energy source includes at least one of the following types of energy sources: photovoltaics, wind energy, a hydrogen energy generator, a battery, piezoelectric, hydroelectric, thermal pair, mechanical deformation, and other stable, unstable energy sources
In one embodiment, as described here, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor is used to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, but does not regulate the input voltage or input current at the first node and does not regulate the output voltage or output current at the second node, wherein the energy extractor includes a set of protection circuits to regulate the transfer of energy between the first and second node in response to an indication of the limiting condition.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes a set of circuits for detecting energy variations for energy variations, and a magnitude of the energy transferred may be at least partially dependent on the detected energy variations. In one embodiment, the magnitude of the energy transferred can also be dependent on changes in voltage simultaneously with continuously detected changes in energy. In one embodiment, the device also includes an energy source coupled to the first node, where the energy extractor is for transferring energy in a magnitude that makes the energy source approach the supply of maximum available energy, given the conditions in addition to the control of the energy extractor, and the magnitude of the energy transferred is partially dependent on the maximum energy available. In one embodiment, the energy extractor operates to transfer a maximum of the energy supplied by the energy source, given the inefficiencies of the energy extractor, where the extractor typically does not obtain maximum energy from the energy source, given conditions beyond control. of the energy extractor, and typically does not obtain the maximum absolute transfer of energy provided by the energy source, given the inefficiencies of the energy extractor. In one mode, the energy extractor operates in different modes, where in a first mode the energy extractor is intended to transfer the maximum available energy, but it does not regulate the input voltage or the input current at the first node and does not regulate the output voltage or output current at the second node, and in a second mode which is a protection mode in which the energy transfer is regulated in response to at least one detected limiting condition and one or more of the input voltage, input current, output voltage, or output current can be regulated.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and a switching converter for transferring energy between the first and second nodes, where the switching converter is sensitive to energy variations as it is transferred between the first and second nodes, and the switching converter continuously operates to seek a maximum energy through the detection of energy gaps and the variation of energy transferred so that the energy gap approaches zero.
In one embodiment, the magnitude of the energy transferred is at least partially dependent on the detected energy gaps and voltage variations simultaneously with the detected energy gaps. In one embodiment, the device also includes a power source coupled to the first node, where the switching converter is an energy extractor to transfer energy in a magnitude that makes the power source approach to provide maximum available energy, given the conditions beyond the control of the switching converter, and the magnitude of the energy transferred is partially dependent on the maximum energy available. In one embodiment, the switching converter operates in different modes, and where in a first mode, the switching converter is intended to approximate the transfer of the maximum available energy, but does not regulate the input voltage or the input current in the first node and does not regulate the output voltage or output current on the second node, and in a second mode, which is a protection mode in which the energy transfer is regulated in response to at least one detected limiting condition and one or more of the input voltage, input current, output voltage, or output current can be regulated.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is a system comprising: a power source coupled to a first node; a load coupled to a second node; an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where, when the energy extractor operates in a first mode, the energy extractor is operated in such a way that the magnitude of the energy transferred is at least partly dependent on variations in continuously detected energy, in which the voltage and current in the first and second nodes are deregulated.
In one embodiment, the power extractor can include a processor to detect variations and to perform statistical analysis of the collected data. In one embodiment, the energy source includes energy sub-sources and the load includes sub-loads. In one embodiment, the system also includes additional power sources and power extractors, and may also include a central station for receiving information from power extractors.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor that includes: set of circuits; the control loop to control the switching of the circuitry; and energy transfer circuitry to transfer energy between the first and second nodes under control of the circuitry, and where, when the power extractor operates in a first mode, the control loop controls the circuitry to make having the energy transfer circuitry transfer energy in a magnitude to bring the energy source closer to provide maximum available energy, given the conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the control loop includes the set of power variation analysis circuits to detect power changes and provide switching control signals in response to them, and in the first mode, the control loop controls the set of circuits in response to the switching control signal. In one embodiment, the control loop also includes the comparative circuitry to compare the switching control signal with the reference voltage and to provide a switching signal to control a switching duty cycle in response to it. In one embodiment, the energy variation analysis circuitry includes the energy difference detection circuitry to detect an energy difference from energy variations. In one embodiment, the set of circuits for detecting the energy difference still detects an instantaneous energy difference. In one embodiment, the control loop includes the set of circuits to detect voltage variations corresponding to energy variations and the control loop considers both energy variations and voltage variations in determining the switching control signal. In one embodiment, energy variations can be one of the following energy variations: the first node, the second node, or internal to the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the control loop controls the frequency of the circuitry and the frequency influences the efficiency of the energy transfer circuitry. In one embodiment, the power extractor is a switching converter and the control loop controls a duty cycle of the circuitry. In one embodiment, the power source is part of the device, and in another, the power source is outside the device. In one embodiment, the device also includes a first connector and a first node between the first node and the power extractor, and a second connector and an additional second node between the second node and the load coupled to the second node. In the modality, the energy extractor is intended to transfer a maximum of the energy supplied by the energy source, given the inefficiencies of the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor sometimes operates in a second mode, which is a protection mode in which the energy transfer is regulated in response to at least one detected limiting condition. In one embodiment, under certain conditions, regulation involves preventing the transfer of all energy and under other conditions, regulation involves reducing the transfer of energy below another available quantity. In one embodiment, the control loop may include a processor that generates an oscillation signal, and when the power extractor operates in the second mode, the magnitude of the energy transferred is at least partially dependent on an oscillation signal value. In one embodiment, the control loop includes a processor that generates an oscillation signal, and when the power extractor operates in the first mode, the magnitude of the energy transferred is partially dependent on an oscillation signal value.
In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to transfer energy continuously, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to transfer energy continuously, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to transfer energy discontinuously between the first and the second energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the circuitry is designed to modulate voltages at a third node between the first energy transfer circuit and the intermediate one, and at a fourth node between the intermediate energy transfer circuit and the second one.
In one embodiment, during the first mode of operation, the magnitude of the energy transfer is typically such that the energy source provides close to the maximum energy available. In one embodiment, the circuitry, the control loop, and the energy transfer circuitry are supported by a printed circuit board that is confined in a housing.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor that includes: set of circuits; the control loop to control the switching of the circuitry; and energy transfer circuitry to transfer energy between the first and second nodes under control of the circuitry, and where, when the power extractor operates in a first mode, the control loop controls the circuitry to seek cause the energy transfer circuitry to transfer energy at a magnitude that causes the energy source to provide the maximum energy available, given the conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the control loop includes a set of power variation analysis circuits to detect power changes and provides a switching control signal in response to them, and in the first mode, the control loop controls the circuitry in response to the switching control signal. In one embodiment, the control loop also includes a comparative circuit set to compare the switching control signal with the reference voltage and to provide a switching signal to control a switching duty cycle in response to it. In one embodiment, the set of circuits for analyzing energy variation includes the set of circuits for detecting the energy difference to detect an energy difference in energy variations. In one embodiment, the set of circuits for detecting the energy difference is intended to detect an instantaneous energy difference. In one embodiment, the control loop includes the set of circuits to detect voltage variations corresponding to energy variations, and the control loop considers both energy variations and voltage variations in determining the switching control signal. .
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a system that comprises: a first node and a second node; the set of energy transfer circuits for transferring energy between the first and second nodes; circuitry to control the transfer of energy between the first and second nodes, and the control loop that includes the circuitry to detect energy changes and to control a circuitry work cycle15 in response to energy changes detected, in order to control the set of energy transfer circuits.
In one embodiment, the circuitry to detect energy variations is more than one meter away from the energy transfer circuitry. In one embodiment, the set of circuits for detecting energy variations and the set of circuits for transferring energy are in a common container. In one embodiment, energy variations are determined by measuring signals in at least one of the following positions: at the first node, in the set of energy transfer circuits, or at the second node. In one embodiment, the control loop includes a signal generator to generate a signal used to control the duty cycle. In one embodiment, the system also includes a power source attached to the first node. In one embodiment, the system also includes the load attached to the second node. In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to continuously transfer energy, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to continuously transfer energy, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to discontinuously transfer energy between the first and the second energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the circuitry is intended to modulate voltages at a third node between the first and intermediate energy transfer circuit, and at a fourth node between the second energy transfer circuit and the intermediate.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a method that comprises: transferring energy at a first node through a set of energy transfer circuits to a second node; detect variations in energy; in a first mode of operation, generate a switching control signal in response to detected energy variations; generating a switching signal to control switches in response to the switching control signal; and modulate the set of energy transfer circuits by opening and closing the switches.
In one embodiment, the switching signal is generated by comparing the switching control signal with a reference signal. In one embodiment, the method also includes generating an oscillation signal that is used to create the switching control signal. In one embodiment, the oscillation signal is used to create the switching control signal in the first mode and in a protection mode. In one embodiment, the modulation of the set of energy transfer circuits receives energy from a power supply coupled to the first node and approaches the maximum amount available, given the conditions beyond the control of the set of energy transfer circuits.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; a source of photovoltaic energy; and an energy extractor to transfer energy from a photovoltaic energy source between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor, the first node, the energy source, and the second node are individually part of a single circuit integrated.
In one embodiment, the power extractor seeks to match an input impedance of the power extractor to an output impedance of the power source. In one embodiment, the energy extractor is operated to seek to transfer a magnitude of energy from an energy source, so that the energy source provides the maximum energy available, given conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor. In one embodiment, the device also includes a third node and a fourth node; a second source of photovoltaic energy; and a second energy extractor to transfer energy from the second source of photovoltaic energy between the third and fourth nodes, where the energy extractor, the third node, the energy source, and the fourth node are individually part of a single integrated circuit. , in which the second and fourth nodes are joined to each other.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node, a second node, a third node, and a fourth node; and a first energy extractor to transfer the first energy between the first and second nodes, including supplying a first current to the second node, and where the first energy extractor includes a first set of energy variation analysis circuits to detect the first energy variations, and in which the first energy extractor transfers the first energy in magnitudes that are at least partially dependent on the first energy variations; and a second energy extractor to transfer the second energy between the third and fourth nodes, including providing a second current to the fourth node, and wherein the second energy extractor includes the second set of energy variation analysis circuits to detect the second energy variations, and in which the second energy extractor transfers the second energy in magnitudes that are at least partially dependent on the detected second energy variations.
In one embodiment, a first load is attached to the second node and the second node is attached to the fourth node. In one embodiment, the second and fourth nodes are connected to each other, and the load is coupled to the first and fourth nodes. In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a first source of energy coupled to the first node and a second source of energy coupled to the third node. In one embodiment, the device also includes a frame to support the first and second energy sources and the first and second energy extractors. In one embodiment, the first energy source is adjacent to the first energy extractor and the second energy source is adjacent to the second energy extractor. In one embodiment, the first power extractor is operated so that in at least one mode the first power extractor seeks to match the impedance to the first power source, the second power extractor is operated so that in at least one mode the second power extractor seeks to match the impedance to the second power source.
In one embodiment, the device also includes a central station to obtain information from the first and second power extractors. In one embodiment, the central station is also intended to provide information for the first and second power extractors.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a system comprising: a first source of energy and a second source of energy; a first node, a second node, and a third node; a first energy extractor coupled to the first energy source through the first node to transfer energy from the first energy source through the first node to the second node; and a second energy extractor coupled to the second energy source through the third node to transfer energy from the second energy source through the third node to the second node, wherein a first current from the first energy extractor is combined with a second current from the second energy extractor at the third node.
In one embodiment, the system further includes a load on the second node to receive the first and second streams combined. In one embodiment, the system also includes a frame to which the first and second energy sources are rigidly attached. In one embodiment, the system also includes a frame to which the first and second energy sources and the first and second energy extractors are rigidly coupled.
In one embodiment, the first energy extractor is positioned adjacent to a first energy source, and the second energy extractor is positioned adjacent to the second energy source. In one embodiment, an amount of energy supplied by the first energy extractor depends at least in part on the characteristics of the first energy source, and an amount of energy provided by the second energy extractor depends at least in part on the characteristics of the second energy source . In one embodiment, the first and second power extractors selectively transfer energy from the first and second energy sources, and sometimes the first and second energy extractors do not transfer energy from the first and second energy sources. In one embodiment, the system also includes additional energy extractors to supply current to the second node from the additional energy sources. In one embodiment, the energy source includes at least one of the following energy sources: photovoltaic, wind energy, hydrogen energy generator, a battery, piezoelectric, hydroelectric, thermal pair and other stable variable energy sources and other energy sources unstable.
In one embodiment, the system also includes a central station to obtain information from the first and second power extractors. In one embodiment, the central station is also intended to provide information for the first and second power extractors.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a system that comprises: a node; a group of energy sources arranged in a frame and a group of energy extractors for each one to supply electrical energy from only one of the energy sources for the node.
In one embodiment, the power extractors are individually positioned adjacent to one of the energy sources. In one embodiment, energy sources are photovoltaic energy sources. In one embodiment, photovoltaic energy sources are panels that individually include multiple photovoltaic cells. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic energy sources are individually a single photovoltaic cell.
In one embodiment, the system also includes additional energy sources arranged in the frame, and additional energy extractors electrically coupled between one of the additional energy sources, respectively, and the node, where each of the additional energy extractors is positioned adjacent to one of the additional energy sources. In one embodiment, the power extractors and the corresponding sources of energy sources are separated by a portion of the frame. In one embodiment, the energy extractors and the corresponding energy sources are joined together. In one embodiment, the energy extractors and the corresponding energy sources are joined together using an adhesive material.
In one embodiment, the system also includes a central station to obtain information from the first and second power extractors. In one embodiment, the central station is also intended to provide information for the first and second power extractors.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a system that includes: first, second, and third nodes; a source of energy to supply energy to the first node; a first energy extractor to transfer energy from the first node to the second node; and a second energy extractor for transferring energy from the second node to the third node and increasing the energy voltage at the second node.
In one embodiment, the energy source is a photovoltaic cell. In one embodiment, the system also includes a transmission line between the second and third nodes. In one mode, the system also includes: fourth and fifth nodes; a second source of energy to supply energy to the fourth node; a third energy extractor to transfer energy from the fourth node to the fifth node; and a fourth energy extractor for transferring energy from the fifth node to the third node and increasing the energy tension in the fifth node. In one embodiment, the first and second power extractors provide impedance matching. In one embodiment, the system also includes the central station to obtain information from the first and second power extractors.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is a system comprising: a power supply that provides unregulated source voltage and source current; a load; an energy extractor to transfer energy between the power supply and the load, in which the energy extractor transfers energy with a magnitude at least partially dependent on the continuously detected energy variation, and in which the output voltage and the output current of the energy extractor are deregulated.
In one embodiment, the power supply includes at least one of the stable power supply or an unstable power supply. In one embodiment, the power supply includes one or more of the solar energy source, a tidal energy source, a piezoelectric energy source, a wind energy source, a mechanical energy source, a thermally coupled heat source. , a fuel cell, a battery, or a kinetic energy coupling.
In one embodiment, the power supply is a first power supply, and the system also includes a second power supply that provides both source voltage and source current. In one embodiment, the second power supply is a different type of power supply than the first power supply. In one embodiment, the system also includes logic to dynamically select zero or more energy transfer from the first and second power supplies. In one embodiment, logic selects dynamically to transfer energy from the first and / or second power supply based at least in part on the energy profile of the load. In one embodiment, the logic dynamically adjusts a magnitude of energy transferred from the first and / or the second power supply based at least in part on an energy profile of the load.
In one embodiment, the load comprises one or more of an energy storage component or element that converts energy into useful work. In one embodiment, the charge comprises one or more batteries. In one embodiment, the battery is one of a lead acid battery, a nickel-metal hybrid battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion polymer battery, or a nickel-cadmium battery. In one embodiment, the charge comprises one of a capacitor, a supercapacitor, or a fuel cell. In one embodiment, the power extractor still dynamically matches the impedance of the power supply. In one embodiment, the power extractor still dynamically matches the load impedance. In one embodiment, the system also includes a power source detection circuit to identify possible power sources connected to the power extractor.
In one embodiment, the system also includes a set of processing circuits coupled to the power extractor to manage the transfer of energy from the power source to the load. In one embodiment, the set of processing circuits comprises one of a microprocessor, a field programmable port matrix (FPGA), and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In one embodiment, the system also includes a set of presentation circuits that show the operating condition of the power extractor. In one embodiment, the set of presentation circuits still provides operating suggestions for the system based on the operating condition of the power extractor. In one embodiment, the system also includes a transceiver for communication with the central station, and the communication includes the transmission of telemetry and the reception of configuration management information.
In one embodiment, the system also includes an inverter to receive the direct current supplied by the power extractor and generate a sinusoidal alternating current from the direct current. In one embodiment, the inverter detects a demand for the load output frequency, and generates alternating current with a frequency in Hertz based on the demand for the load output frequency. In one mode, the inverter generates alternating current with the frequency in Hertz based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration. In one embodiment, the inverter supplies the sinusoidal alternating current at a voltage. In one embodiment, the inverter detects a load output voltage requirement, and generates alternating current with an output voltage based on the load output voltage requirement. In a modality, the inverter generates alternating current in the voltage based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration. In one mode, the inverter supplies the alternating current sinusoidal in a voltage and in one or more phases. In one embodiment, the inverter detects a phase requirement of the load, and generates alternating current in the voltage with the phase based on the phase requirement of the load. In one embodiment, the inverter generates alternating current in the phase based on one or more of a software control parameter or a switch configuration.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is an apparatus that comprises: input coupling hardware that has selectively coupled hardware to one or more unregulated power supplies, each supplying input energy in a current from the source in a source voltage; output coupling hardware that has an interface hardware for selectively coupling to one or more loads to provide unregulated output energy for the loads as an output current at an output voltage; or as an output voltage in an output current; or in combination; and a set of energy transfer circuits for receiving the incoming energy, continuously detecting the energy variation, and providing the output energy with a magnitude at least partially dependent on the continuously detected energy variation.
In one embodiment, the input coupling hardware has an interface hardware to selectively couple the supply source that provides at least one of a different source current or a different source voltage. In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry provides the output energy with at least one of a different output current or a different output voltage for different loads. In one embodiment, the device also includes an energy transfer manager that has load profiles, and the load profiles indicate an output voltage and an output current for each load, where the set of energy transfer circuits provides the output energy according to the load profile of the load. In one embodiment, the device also includes a transceiver for communicating with a remote management entity, which includes sending the information condition and receiving configuration information. In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes an impedance controller for dynamically controlling the impedance of the input coupling hardware and the output coupling hardware to match the impedance of a power supply or a load, respectively.
In one embodiment, as described here, it is a method in an energy transfer system, which comprises: receiving from the energy source a current from the source deregulated at a source voltage; identify one or more charges; determine an energy transfer management strategy to transfer energy from the power source to one or more loads; and transferring energy according to the determined strategy, which includes transferring an unregulated output energy with the magnitude at least partially dependent on the continuously detected energy variation.
In one embodiment, receiving the current from the source deregulated at a source voltage also includes: detecting one or more energy sources; and selectively coupling and decoupling energy sources to manage the input energy for the energy transfer circuitry; where the energy management logic dynamically adjusts a magnitude of energy transferred from one or more energy sources based at least in part on an energy profile of the loads.
In one embodiment, determining the energy transfer management strategy still includes determining the load's energy consumption. In one embodiment, determining the energy consumption of the load still includes obtaining an energy profile of the load. In one embodiment, determining the energy transfer management strategy still includes determining the energy distribution standard; where transferring energy preferably comprises supplying energy to the loads based on the determined energy distribution standard. In one embodiment, transferring energy still includes: detecting one or more charges; and selectively coupling and decoupling loads to manage the output energy for the loads; and in which the energy management logic dynamically adjusts a magnitude of energy transferred to one or more loads based at least in part on an energy profile of the loads. In one embodiment, the method also includes communicating to a remote management entity information related to an operational condition of energy transfer from the system. In one embodiment, the method also includes receiving information from the remote management entity related to the application of the energy transfer management strategy.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor includes the set of detection circuits to detect variations in energy, and where in a first mode of operation, the energy extractor must be operated so that an input impedance of the power extractor is dynamically varied in response to the detected energy variations to approximate the match of the first impedance outside the power extractor, including an impedance of the power source coupled to the first node.
In one embodiment, the input impedance of the power extractor equals the combined impedance of the power extractor and the load coupled to the second node as seen from the first node. In one embodiment, in the first operating mode, the energy extractor must be operated in such a way that an output impedance of the energy extractor is dynamically varied in response to the detected energy variations, so that, under certain load conditions, the output impedance of the power extractor approximates the matching of the second impedance outside the power extractor, including a load impedance coupled to the second node. In one embodiment, the output impedance of the power puller matches the combined impedance of the power puller and the power source as viewed from the second node. In one embodiment, the energy extractor and the load are individually outside the apparatus. In one embodiment, the device also includes a first connector between the power source and the power extractor, and a second connector between the power extractor and the load, where the first impedance includes an impedance of the first connector and the second impedance includes an impedance of the second connector. In one embodiment, the impedances of the first and second connectors are negligible.
In one embodiment, in practice, the input impedance typically does not match precisely with the impedance of the power source, and the output impedance typically does not match precisely with the load impedance, however, dynamic variations lead to matching the impedances . In one modality, when the energy variations are zero and the energy is at a maximum global energy, the first impedance and the input impedance are essentially matched, resulting in a source of energy that provides the maximum available energy, given conditions beyond control of the energy extractor. In one embodiment, the power extractor includes a set of circuits to prevent the energy from remaining at a maximum local energy where one of the energy variations is zero. In one embodiment, power extractors sometimes operate in a second mode of operation, which is a protection mode in which the impedances are not matched. In one embodiment, impedances are matched regardless of the voltage or current of the power source at the first node and disregarding the voltage or current of a load coupled to the second node, within the limits of certain parameters.
In one embodiment, the detected energy variations include an instantaneous continuously detected energy gap. In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to continuously transfer energy, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to continuously transfer energy, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to discontinuously transfer energy between the first and the second energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the first energy transfer circuit matches the input impedance of the energy extractor with the first impedance. In one embodiment, the second energy transfer circuit matches an output impedance of the energy extractor with the second impedance that includes a load coupled to the second node. In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes a set of circuits to modulate voltages at a third node between the first energy transfer circuit and the intermediate, and at a fourth node between the second energy transfer circuit and the intermediate inter10 . In one embodiment, the energy extractor includes the set of circuits with a duty cycle that is at least partially dependent on the detected energy variations and the magnitude of energy transferred is at least partially dependent on the duty cycle. In one embodiment, the frequency of the switching circuits also controls the energy transfer efficiency and thereby effective the amount of energy transferred to the second node.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: an entrance door and an exit door; set of energy transfer circuits to transfer energy between the input and output ports; and the set of energy variation detection circuits to continuously detect energy variations, and in which the apparatus is operated in order to obtain the input impedance matching of the energy transfer circuit set with a first impedance outside of the energy transfer circuitry, wherein the first impedance includes an impedance from the power source.
In one embodiment, the input impedance of the energy transfer circuitry matches the combined impedance of the energy transfer circuitry and the load coupled to the output port as seen from the input port. In one embodiment, the power source and energy load are outside the device. In one embodiment, the energy source and energy load are part of the device. In one embodiment, the power source is part of the device. In a fashion, the apparatus even includes a first connector between the power source and the set of energy transfer circuits, and in which the first impedance includes an impedance of the first connector.
In one embodiment, in practice, the input impedance typically does not match precisely the first impedance. In one embodiment, the set of energy transfer circuits is operated to transfer energy in a magnitude to bring the energy source closer to the maximum available energy supply, given conditions beyond the device's control. In one embodiment, the load is coupled to the second port and the device is operated in such a way that under certain load conditions, the set of energy transfer circuits has an output impedance that seeks to match the second impedance outside the set of power circuits. energy transfer, where the second impedance includes a load impedance. In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the input node to transfer energy continuously, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to transfer energy continuously, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to transfer energy discontinuously between the first and the second energy transfer circuit.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor includes the set of detection circuits to detect variations in energy, and where in a first mode of operation, the power extractor must be operated so that the input and output impedances of the power extractor between the first and the second nodes are dynamically varied in response to the detected energy variations in order to try to match the input impedance of the power extractor with the first impedance, including an impedance of the power source coupled to the first node.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor is intended to approximate the output impedance matching of the energy extractor with the second impedance, including an impedance of a load coupled to the second node. In one embodiment, the input impedance of the power extractor matches the combined impedance of the power extractor and the load as seen from the first node, and the output impedance of the power extractor equals the combined impedance of the power extractor and the source of power. feed as seen from the second node.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is a system comprising: the energy source coupled to a first node, and the load coupled to the second node; and an energy extractor to transfer energy between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor includes a set of detection circuits to detect variations in energy, and where in a first mode of operation, the energy extractor must be operated in such a way that an input impedance of the energy extractor is dynamically varied in response to the detected energy variations to approximate the match of the first impedance, including an impedance of the power source.
In one embodiment, under certain load conditions, an output impedance of the power extractor is dynamically varied in response to the detected energy variations to approximate the match of the second impedance, including a load impedance. In one embodiment, the input impedance of the power extractor equals the combined impedance of the power extractor and the load as seen from the first node, and the output impedance of the power extractor equals the combined impedance of the power extractor and the power supply as seen from the second node. In one embodiment, in practice, the input impedance typically does not match precisely the impedance of the power source, and the output impedance typically does not match precisely the load impedance, but the dynamic variations lead to a very close match of impedances.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to supply energy between the first and second nodes, in which the energy extractor must be operated so that an impedance of the energy extractor is dynamically varied with the intention of matching impedances to obtain the maximum energy output of the energy source outside the device that is attached to the first node, given the conditions beyond the control of the energy extractor.
In one embodiment, the impedance of the power puller matches the combined impedance of the power puller and the load as viewed from the first node. In one embodiment, in practice, the input impedance typically does not match precisely the impedance of the power source.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor to supply energy between the first and second nodes, where the energy extractor must be operated to dynamically match the first impedance of the power source outside the device coupled to the first node with the second impedance of a load coupled to the second node, even when the first impedance varies and even when the second impedance varies.
In one embodiment, the power source and charge are individually part of the device. In one embodiment, the power source and the load are individually outside the device.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor that includes: a set of energy transfer circuits for transferring energy, containing a current between the first and second nodes; and a set of energy variation analysis circuits to detect energy variation and voltage variation and to at least partially control the magnitude of energy that is transferred in response to the detected energy variation and voltage variation.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor also includes: a set of circuits to control the set of energy transfer circuits; and a switching control circuitry to control a circuitry duty cycle; and where the set of power variation analysis circuits operates in different modes and where in an ordinary mode of operation, under certain conditions, the set of energy analysis circuits causes the set of energy transfer circuits shorten the duty cycle, if the energy variation and the voltage variation are both increasing or both decreasing, and to increase the working cycle of the transferred energy, if the energy variation is decreasing and the voltage variation is increasing or if the energy variation is increasing and the voltage variation is decreasing. In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to continuously transfer energy, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to continuously transfer energy, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to discontinuously transfer energy between the first and the second energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the set of circuits is intended to modulate voltages at a third node between the first energy transfer circuit and the intermediate, and at a fourth node between the second energy transfer circuit and the intermediate e. In one embodiment, the frequency of the circuitry operation is dynamically adjusted to maximize the efficiency of energy transfer between the first and second nodes. In one embodiment, the first and second energy transfer circuits individually include an inductor and the intermediate energy transfer circuit includes capacitors. In one embodiment, the first, second, and the intermediate energy transfer circuit individually include at least one capacitor.
In one embodiment, the energy extractor also includes: a set of circuits to control the set of energy transfer circuits; and a switching control circuitry to control a circuitry duty cycle; and where the set of power variation analysis circuits operates in different modes and where in an ordinary mode of operation, under certain conditions, the set of energy analysis circuits causes the set of energy transfer circuits increase the duty cycle, if the energy variation and the voltage variation are both increasing or both decreasing, and to increase the working cycle of the transferred energy, if the energy variation is decreasing and the voltage variation is increasing or if the energy variation is increasing and the voltage variation is decreasing. In one embodiment, the energy transfer circuitry includes a first energy transfer circuit connected to the first node to transfer energy continuously, a second energy transfer circuit connected to the second node to transfer energy continuously, and an intermediate energy transfer circuit connected between the first and the second energy transfer circuit to discontinuously transfer energy between the first and the second energy transfer circuit. In one embodiment, the set of circuits is intended to modulate the voltages in a third node between the first energy transfer circuit and the intermediate one, and in a fourth node between the second energy transfer circuit and the intermediate one. In one embodiment, the first and second energy transfer circuits individually include an inductor and the intermediate energy transfer circuit includes capacitors. In one embodiment, the first, second, and intermediate energy transfer circuits individually include at least one capacitor.
In one embodiment, the energy analysis circuitry operates in different modes, and in an ordinary operation mode, the energy analysis circuitry at least partially controls the magnitude of the current in response to the energy variation and detected voltage variations, and in at least one other way, the energy analysis circuitry at least partially controls the magnitude of the current in response to at least one different factor.
In one embodiment, the apparatus also includes a set of circuits to interact with the set of energy transfer circuits, and in which the set of energy analysis circuits controls a working cycle of the set of circuits to at least partially control the current magnitude. In one embodiment, the energy analysis circuitry also controls the frequency of the circuitry to at least partially control the magnitude of the current. In one embodiment, the device also includes an energy source to supply energy to the first node and the set of energy analysis circuits seeks to control the set of circuits to maximize the transfer of energy through the set of energy transfer circuits, given the conditions beyond the control of the set of energy analysis circuits, and given the inefficiencies of the device. In one embodiment, the energy source is a source of photovoltaic energy and one of the conditions beyond the control of the set of energy analysis circuits is an amount of sunlight in the energy source. In one embodiment, there is at least one intermediate node between the power supply and the first node.
In one embodiment, the device also includes a load attached to the second node. In one embodiment, the set of energy variation analysis circuits is designed to detect an energy gap and a voltage gap. In one embodiment, the energy extractor operates in order to match the input impedance of the set of energy transfer circuits with the output impedance of the energy source.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and a set of energy transfer circuits for transferring energy containing a current between the first and the second nodes; and a set of energy analysis circuits to detect the energy variation and to increase the current, provided that the energy variation shows an increase in energy and to decrease the current, provided that the energy variation shows a decrease in energy. In one embodiment, the set of energy analysis circuits includes a set of circuits to mitigate the sudden variations in energy variation.
In one embodiment, as described herein, it is an apparatus comprising: a first node and a second node; and an energy extractor that includes: a set of circuits; a set of energy transfer circuits for transferring energy containing a current between the first and second nodes, where the magnitude of the current is at least partially responsive to a working cycle of the circuit set; and a set of energy analysis circuits to detect energy energy variation and voltage variation and control the duty cycle responsive to the detected energy variation and voltage variation.
In one embodiment, the set of energy analysis circuits operates in different modes and in an ordinary operating mode, under certain conditions, the set of energy analysis circuits causes the set of energy transfer circuits to decrease the transferred current, if the energy variation and the voltage variation are both increasing or both decreasing, and to increase the current, if the energy variation is decreasing and the voltage variation is increasing or if the energy variation is increasing and the voltage variation is decreasing. In one embodiment, the energy analysis circuitry also controls the frequency of the circuitry to at least partially control the magnitude of the current. In one embodiment, the device also includes a source connected to the first node and a load connected to the second node.
In one mode, the energy extractor operates in different modes and in an ordinary mode of operation, the set of energy analysis circuits controls the duty cycle responsive to the energy variation and voltage variation detected, and in another mode, which is the protection mode, the energy analysis circuitry controls the duty cycle responsive to at least one different factor. In one embodiment, the at least one different factor includes the detection of at least one limiting condition. In one embodiment, the limiting condition includes any one or more of the following: voltage, energy, or excessive current at the first node, power extractor, or second node; very low voltage, energy, or current at the first node, energy extractor, or second node; and a limiting condition of the device.
The background section of this description provides a lot of detailed information, which, supposedly, would be correct, however, which may inadvertently contain some errors. Such errors, if any, in no way invalidate the inventions described and claimed herein. The Detailed Description section may also include some inadvertent errors, which do not invalidate the invention. In addition, the Detailed Description section includes some theoretical explanations of the operation of the illustrated energy extractor. Such theoretical explanations are believed to be correct, however, if they are partially incorrect, they do not invalidate an enabling description, nor do they invalidate the described and claimed inventions.
It would be interesting for the figures to include block diagrams and schematic representations that could be deployed in a number of ways and that effective deployments could include several additional components and conductors.
As used herein, the term modality refers to an implementation of some aspects of the inventions. The reference in the specification to a modality, some modalities, or other modalities means that a particular resource, circuit set, or characteristic is included in at least some modalities, but not necessarily in all modalities. Different references to some modalities do not necessarily refer to some modalities.
When element A is said to be coupled to element B, element A may be directly coupled to element B or it may be indirectly coupled through, for example, element C. When the specification or claims states that a component, resource, circuit, structure, process, or characteristic A acts in response to a component, resource, circuit, structure, process, or characteristic B, it merely means that A is at least partially responsive a B (but can also be responsive to C, or B and C at the same time). That is, when it is said that A acts in response to Β, A could act in response to B and C at the same time. Likewise, when A is said to be Β, A is at least a partial cause of B, but there could be other causes of B, either separately or in combination with A.
If the specification states that a component, feature, structure, circuitry, or feature may or could be included, that particular component, feature, circuitry, or feature is not necessarily included. If the specification or claim refers to a structure, it does not mean that there is only one structure.
In addition to what has been described here, several modifications can be made to the described modalities and implementations of the invention, without departing from its scope. Therefore, the illustrations and examples of the present should be interpreted in an illustrative and not restrictive way. The scope of the invention must be measured with reference to the following claims.
Contents8
27 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27
34 members in 11 offices
Priority claims15
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60888486 | United States of America | – | |
| 88848607 | United States of America | P | |
| 11774565 | United States of America | – | |
| 11774566 | United States of America | – | |
| 11774564 | United States of America | – | |
| 11774562 | United States of America | – | |
| 11774563 | United States of America | – | |
| 77456507 | United States of America | A | |
| 77456607 | United States of America | A | |
| 77456407 | United States of America | A | |
| 77456207 | United States of America | A | |
| 77456307 | United States of America | A | |
| 11849242 | United States of America | – | |
| 84924207 | United States of America | A | |
| 2008001592 | United States of America | W |
Members34
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2008121272A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2008122449A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2008122518A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2008179949A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AU2008214329A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CA2680561A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2008191560A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2008191675A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2008097591A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2008097591A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| EP2109927A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| CN101647172A | China | A | |
| MA31240B1 | Morocco | B1 | |
| MX2009008381A | Mexico | A | |
| JP2010518510A | Japan | A | |
| HK1141148A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| US7839025B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7960870B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2008214329B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US8013474B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2011253703A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| US8212399B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP5323725B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| BRPI0807015A2This record | Brazil | A2 | |
| AU2011253703B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| CN101647172B | China | B | |
| US9130390B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2016181808A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US9431828B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US10158233B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2019089160A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2680561C | Canada | C | |
| EP2109927B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US11201475B2 | United States of America | B2 |
4 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]GrantedPRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 05/02/2008, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. PATENTE CONCEDIDA CONFORME ADI 5.529/DF, QUE DETERMINA A ALTERACAO DO PRAZO DE CONCESSAO.B16A | B16A | |
| Appeal against refusal [chapter 12.2 patent gazette]AppealB12B | B12B | |
| Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]B09B | B09B | |
| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]B07A | B07A |
Numbers
- Publication
- PI0807015
- Application
- 8070156
Titles2
- Portuguese
- SISTEMAS DE MÚLTIPLAS CARGAS E DE MÚLTIPLAS FONTES DOTADO DE UM EXTRATOR DE ENERGIA
- English
- MULTIPLE LOADS AND MULTIPLE SOURCES SYSTEMS WITH AN ENERGY EXTRACTOR
Classification
- CPC, 12
- H02J3/06
- H02J3/381
- Y02E10/56
- Y02E40/70
- Y04S10/50
- Y04S20/222
- Y02B70/3225
- H02J3/466
- H02J3/007
- H02J2101/25
- H02J2101/20
- H02J2101/28
- IPC, 2
- H02J3 00
- H02J3 06
