Techniques for high data rates with improved channel reference

(54) Title: TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH DATA RATES WITH PERFECTED CHANNEL REFERENCE (30) Unionist Priority: 01/21/2008 us 12 / 017,287, 01/22/2007 US 60 / 886,085 (73) Holder (s): Qualcomm Incorporated (72) Inventor (s): Sharad DeepakSambhwani, Stein Arne Lundby (74) Attorney (s): Montaury Pimenta, Machado & Lioce (86) International Request: pct us20080517h of 22/01/2008 (87) International Publication: wo 2008 / 09i897 from 07/31/2008 (57) Summary: techniques for high data rates with PERFECTED CHANNEL REFERENCE. Systems and methodologies that facilitate pilot channel optimization schemes for high data rate communications transmissions are described. In several illustrative implementations, pilot channel operations can be monitored and controlled by an exemplary base station for one or more cooperating wireless terminals (user equipment, for example) such that one or more power characteristics of one or more wireless terminals cooperatives can be changed illustratively in response to one or more selected pilot channel operating conditions. In an illustrative operation, an exemplary base station may involve one or more pilot channel control operations selected as part of pilot channel optimization, comprising a hop detection technique, operating power control on a channel other than DPCCH, involvement in delayed power control, involvement the soft handoff power control when an intensified pilot channel occurs and the resolution of the ambiguity in the concession messages resulting from a pilot intensification.

<img file="BRPI0806753A2_D0001.tif" />

<img file="BRPI0806753A2_D0002.tif" />

<img file="BRPI0806753A2_D0003.tif" />

ΡΙ0806753 -8

TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH DATA RATES WITH PERFECTED CHANNEL REFERENCE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS

This application claims priority benefit, in accordance with USC Section 119, of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/886 085, entitled W-CDMA-INTENSIFIED UPLINK PILOT, filed January 22, 2007 , the entirety of which is incorporated here by way of reference.

FUNDAMENTALS

I. Field

The following description refers in general to wireless communications and, more specifically, to an enhanced uplink pilot.

II. Foundations

Wireless communication systems are widely used to provide several types of communication; for example, voice and / or data can be provided via such communication systems. A typical wireless communication system, or network, can provide multiple users with access to one or more shared resources. For example, these systems can be multiple access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth and transmission power, for example). Examples of such multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems and Division Multiple Access systems Orthogonal Frequency (OFDMA).

2/56

The coherent demodulation of a data channel typically relies on the derivation of the phase and amplitude changes introduced by the transmission link,

Generally, higher data rates on a transmission link require better phase and amplitude reference in order to achieve good performance. This amplitude and phase reference is usually given by a pilot sequence or channel.

As an example, a data rate of sixteen (16) kilobits per second (Kb / s) transmitted in the WCDMA uplink will require a pilot channel with a signal / noise ratio (SNR) of approximately Ec / NT = -20 dB. On the other hand, if the data rate is increased to eleven (11) mega-bits per second (Mbit), the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel carrying the pilot (denoted as a dedicated physical control channel or DPCCH) should be approximately Ec / NT = -2 dB. This higher SNR can be obtained by increasing the transmission power of the DPCCH in the transmitter.

Current and previous versions of W-CDMA do not allow the possibility for user equipment (UE) to autonomously vary the transmission power of the pilot channel in order to accommodate an increase in the transmitted data rate, thus leading to inefficiencies. With the introduction of even higher data rates in uplink (UL) in future supported versions of W-CDMA and other systems, these inefficiencies may be more significant, preventing support for the communication of high data rates.

In current practice, the up and down commands issued by the internal loop of the fast power control are based on the measurement of the SNR in the pilot bits at the base station. Unfortunately, current base station developments in current versions of W-CDMA cannot

3/56 differentiate the following from each other: a) an increase in the transmission power of the DPCCH initiated by the UE (that is, because of the transmission at a high data rate) and b) an improvement in the radio link (better loss per route , reduction in the level of interference). In both routes, the systems observe that the pilot's SNR is increased beyond the target SNR and issue a downward command. The correct behavior would be for the base station to issue only a downward command in the event of an improvement in the radio link.

Furthermore, in current practice, when base stations issue a downward command in the event of an increase in the DPCCH's transmission power, the base station works to effectively reduce the SNR for transmission at a high data rate and thus deteriorates its performance. Furthermore, in current practice, after the UE has terminated the transmission of the high-rate packet, the improved efficiency (stepping up, for example) in the pilot's transmission power will be removed once the UE, having executed the downward commands undesirable results in a pilot with a low SNR such that transmissions at a lower data rate may fail.

From the above, it should be understood that there is a need for systems and methods to mitigate the inconveniences of existing practices.

SUMMARY

The following is a simplified summary of one or more modalities in order to provide a basic understanding of such modalities. This summary is not an extensive panoramic view of all the modalities contemplated and is neither intended to identify key or critical elements and all modalities, nor to outline the scope of any or

4/56 of all modalities. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more modalities in a simplified way as an introduction to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to one or more illustrative implementations and their corresponding disclosure, several aspects are described in connection with the facilitation of adaptive multiplexing of uplink pilots. In a variety of modalities, uplink pilots can be optimized for high-speed transmissions by managing concession messages processed on the pilot channel.

According to related aspects, a method is described here that facilitates the promotion of pilot efficacies. The method may include determining pilot uplink channel information at a base station. In addition, the method may include transmitting the uplink pilot channel information to one or more cooperating wireless terminals to facilitate uplink pilots according to a predetermined function of the one or more cooperating terminals. In an illustrative implementation, an actionable base station is provided for communicating pilot channel data between cooperating wireless terminals such that the pilot channel data is processed by the cooperating wireless terminals as part of the pilot channel optimization.

In an illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can monitor the pilot channel and can detect a jump in its level (signal / noise ratio). In illustrative operation, if the exemplary base station detects an increase in the pilot level of more than a selected decibel value of a previously transmitted time partition, the exemplary base station operates in a selected power control mode. Illustratively, the selected power control mode

5/56 comprises ignoring SNR measurements during the next transmission time interval (TTI).

In another illustrative operation, in which the exemplary base station knows the level of the exemplary intensification for the pilot signal, the exemplary base station can function to normalize the pilot SNR measured to compensate for the pilot's intensification. In the illustrative implementation, the standardized SNR can then be used by an exemplary internal power control loop. In the illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can estimate the pilot's intensification by comparing the pilot SNR received during an intensified time partition with the pilot SNR received during the time when it was not intensified. Operationally, the result of this estimate can be used to normalize the measured SNR.

In another illustrative operation, an exemplary base station can disable power control on the first partition of a wireless transmission that may have an intensified pilot, which operates on the assumption that the normalized SNR has not changed from the previous time partition. . Illustratively, operationally, during and one or more subsequent time partitions the exemplary base station can use the difference between successive time partitions to update the normalized SNR estimate. The normalized SNR can then be used for internal loop power control.

In another illustrative operation, an exemplary base station can measure the received power or SNR in a control channel, such as the enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPDCH) of the W-CDMA. Illustratively, operationally, if the exemplary base station detects the substantial presence of the wireless terminal's power, the

6/56 exemplary base station can work to make the pilot liable to be stepped up and performs one or more of the selected power mode operations.

In another exemplary operation, when a signal is detected by the exemplary base station of a signal on a control channel or a data channel, the power control can be activated on the control channel. For example, in WCDMA the control channel can be the enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH), and the data channel can be the enhanced dedicated physical data channel (EDPDCH). Illustratively, the SNR of the control channel can be estimated by the exemplary base station and used in the internal loop power control. Illustratively, operationally, the estimated SNR of the control channel can be adjusted to represent the power of the normalized pilot and the power control can be triggered in an illustrative way using the adjusted SNR estimate.

In another illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can disable power control at the beginning of each TTI, where the user equipment (UE) (one or more cooperating wireless terminals, for example) can transmit with an intensified pilot. The exemplary base station can operationally determine when the ÜE can transmit with an intensified pilot because the exemplary base station can provide control over UE transmissions through one or more message grants and through DTX control. Illustratively, power control can be re-enabled when the exemplary base station decodes the control channel (E-DPCCH on WCDMA). In illustrative operation, the control channel can communicate the format being transmitted from the exemplary base station and from one or more wireless transmitters as well

7/56 as if the UE is stepping up the pilot. In the illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can use the result of decoding the control channel to normalize the pilot SNR estimate.

In another illustrative implementation, the exemplary base station can disable power control in case the UE works to intensify the pilot. Illustratively, the exemplary base station can monitor the occurrence in which the UE works to intensify the pilot and limit its frequency in the occurrence by communicating concession messages to one or more UEs. In an alternative implementation, the exemplary base station may transmit an absolute grant message to one or more wireless terminals to allow one or more wireless terminals (UEs, for example) to transmit a high data rate using an intensified pilot to a specific TTI.

In order to achieve the foregoing and related purposes, the one or more illustrative implementations comprise the characteristics completely described below and specifically noted in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings present in detail certain illustrative aspects of one or more illustrative implementations. These aspects, however, indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of various illustrative implementations can be employed and the illustrative implementations described are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 illustrates a wireless communication system according to several aspects presented here.

8/56

Figure 2 illustrates a wireless communication system in accordance with other aspects of the present invention.

Figure 3A illustrates an exemplary non-limiting high-level block diagram of a system that facilitates the optimization of pilot channels in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

Figure 3B illustrates a base station receiving signals from a plurality of user equipment such that pilot uplink signals can be optimized in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

Figure 4 depicts an exemplary non-limiting pilot optimization scheme in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

Figure 5 illustrates a communication apparatus for use within a wireless communication environment in accordance with several aspects of the present invention.

Figure 6 illustrates an optimization of uplink pilots with high-level illustrative methodology according to the various modalities described here.

Figure 7 illustrates a high-level illustrative methodology for optimizing uplink pilots according to the various modalities described here.

Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary communication system implemented according to several aspects, including several cells.

Figure 9 illustrates a system that can be used in connection with the optimization of pilots with respect to user equipment according to different modalities.

<td>The figure</td><td>10 illustrates a diagram</td><td>in</td><td>blocks</td><td>not</td>

<td>exemplary limiter</td><td>a base station</td><td>in</td><td>wake up</td><td>with</td>

various aspects of the invention.

9/56

Figure 11 shows a system that can be used in connection with the allocation of pilot uplink channels according to several illustrative implementations.

Figure 12 shows an exemplary wireless terminal (for example, wireless terminal, mobile device, termination node, etc.) implemented in accordance with several wireless implementations.

Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting block diagram of a communication system that incorporates the optimization of uplink pilots according to various aspects of the implementations and illustrative operations described here.

Figure 14 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting device that allows the optimization of pilots according to several illustrative implementations.

Figure 15 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting device that facilitates the optimization of pilots according to several illustrative implementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Several modalities are now described with reference to the drawings, in which the same reference numbers are used to refer to the same elements everywhere. In the following description, for the sake of explanation, numerous specific details are presented in order to provide a complete understanding of one or more modalities. It may be evident, however, that such arrangements can be put into practice without these specific details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices are shown in the form of a block diagram in order to facilitate the description of one or more modalities.

10/56

In addition, several aspects of the present invention are described below. It should be evident that the present teachings can be encompassed in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and / or function disclosed here is merely representative. Based on the present teachings, those skilled in the art should understand that one aspect disclosed here can be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects can be combined in different ways. For example, an apparatus can be implemented and / or a method put into practice using any number of aspects presented here. In addition, an apparatus can be implemented and / or a method put into practice using another structure and / or functionality in addition to, or except one or more of, the aspects presented here. As an example, many of the methods, devices, systems and devices presented here. As an example, many of the methods, devices, systems and equipment described here are described in the context of the intensification of pilot uplink signals in a W-CDMA communication system. Those skilled in the art should understand that similar techniques can apply to other communication environments.

As used in this application, the terms component, module, system and the like are intended to refer to an entity related to a computer, or hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, running software, firmware, middleware, microcode and / or any combination of them. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process that runs on a processor, a processor, an integrated circuit, an object, an executable, a flow of execution, a program and / or a computer. By way of illustration, not

11/56 limitation, both an application that runs on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or flow of execution, and a component can be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can be run from various computer-readable media that have different data structures stored in it. Components can communicate via local and / or remote processes, such as, for example, according to a signal that has one or more data packets (such as, for example, data from a component that interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system and / or over a network such as the Internet with other systems using the signal). In addition, the components of the systems described here can be rearranged and / or complemented by additional components in order to facilitate the achievement of the various aspects, objectives, advantages, etc., described in relation to them, and are not limited to the configurations precise figures presented in a given figure, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

In addition, several modalities are described here in connection with a wireless terminal or user equipment (UE). A wireless terminal or UE can also be called a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, UE, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, agent user or user device. A wireless terminal or UE can be a cell phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop station (WLL), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a device notebook that has connection capability without

12/56 wire, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. In addition, several modalities are described here in connection with a base station. A base station can be used to communicate with a wireless terminal (s) and can also be referred to as an access point, Node B or some other terminology.

In addition, several aspects or characteristics described here can be implemented as a method, device or industrial product using standard engineering and / or programming techniques. The term industrial product as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any device, carrier or computer-readable media. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (such as, for example, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips, etc.), optical discs (such as compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (such as, for example, EPROM, card, stick, key drive, etc.). In addition, the various storage media described here may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. It should also be considered that a carrier wave can be used to carry computer-readable electronic data or instructions such as those used in transmitting and receiving voicemail, accessing a network, such as a cellular network, or instructing a device to perform a specified function. Therefore, the term machine-readable media may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying information and / or data.

13/56

Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications can be made to the disclosed modalities without abandoning the scope or spirit of the invention described and claimed herein.

Furthermore, the word exemplary is used here to mean that it serves as an example, occurrence or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as exemplary should not necessarily be interpreted as preferred or advantageous compared to other aspects or designs. Instead, the use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete way. As used in this application, the term is either intended to mean one or inclusive instead of one or exclusive. That is, unless otherwise specified, or it is clear from the context, X employs A or B is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive exchanges. That is, if X uses A; X employs B; or X employs either A or B, then X employs A or B is satisfied according to any of the preceding occurrences. In addition, articles one (a) as used in this application and the appended claims. Shall generally be interpreted as meaning one or more, unless otherwise specified or it is clear from the context to be directed to a form singular.

As used herein, the terms infer and inference generally refer to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment and / or user from a set of observations captured via events and / or data. An inference can be used to identify a specific context or action, or it can generate a distribution of probabilities across states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic, that is, the computation of a distribution of

14/56 probabilities through states of interest based on the consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques used to compose higher level events from a set of events and / or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and / or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in small temporal proximity, and whether the events and. data comes from one or more multiple event and data sources.

The techniques described here can be used in several wireless communication networks, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access networks ( FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA networks (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA networks (SCFDMA), etc. The terms networks and systems are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network can implement radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Broadband CDMA (W-CDMA), TDSCDMA and TD-CDMA. Cdma2000 covers the IS-2000, IS95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network can implement radio technology such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA network can implement radio technology such as UTRA Evolved (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a future version of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents from an organization called the 3-Year Partnership Project^The Generation (3GPP). Cdma2000 is described in documents

15/56 of an organization called the 3-Partnership Project^TheGeneration 2 (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art. For clarity, certain aspects of the above techniques can be described below in the context of multiplexing uplink pilots as they apply to LTE and, consequently, 3GPP terminology can be used in much of the following descriptions.

Pilot Channel Intensification

The systems and methods described here aim to mitigate the drawbacks of existing practices to optimize pilot channel operations and to mitigate the occurrence where the lack of control of the pilot channel power makes high data rate transmissions futile. In an illustrative implementation, UEs are granted the ability to autonomously increase (intensify) the level of the channel carrying the pilot. In WCDMA, for example, this channel is called the Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH). In an illustrative operation, the UE can increase the transmission power of the DPCCH as a function of the transmission format that the UE uses in the data channel - that is, as a function of the data rate of the data channel. Illustratively, after the data transmission has ended, the UE can work in an illustrative manner to decrease the power of the DPCCH in the degree of intensification in order to resume operation at the normal power level.

In another illustrative implementation, the level of a control channel can be increased (enhanced), such as the Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel in WCDMA. In an illustrative operation, the E-DPCCH can be first decoded, then the modulation symbols

16/56 are inserted (flipped) according to a selected scheme to transform the E-DPCCH into a pilot reference. In illustrative operation, the E-DPCCH can then be combined with the DPCCH to provide a phase and amplitude reference to demodulate other channels such as the DPDCH.

In an illustrative implementation, rapid power control can be used to mitigate rapid changes in the pilot channel's SNR at the receiver due to variations in the propagation channel and interference level. Illustratively, the fast power control, as it is currently used in the WCDMA uplink, generally has two loops: the inner loop and the outer loop. In an illustrative operation, the inner loop can perform an operation in the case of an exemplary base station (such as, for example, Node B, RNC, or other infrastructure element) operationally measure the pilot bits SNR and compare the measured SNR with a target SNR to issue an UP or DOWN command to one or more cooperating wireless terminals (such as user equipment - UE) based on this comparison, to keep the measured SNR close to the target SNR. Illustratively, when the UE receives an ASCENDENT command, it can operationally increase the power of its channels in one step. Illustratively, when the UE receives a DESCENDING command from any of the cells (cooperating base stations, for example) in its active set of cooperating cells, it can operationally decrease the power of the channels in one step.

However, in current practices, the up and down commands issued by the internal loop of the fast power control are generally based on the measurement of the SNR in the pilot bits at the base station. W-CDMA base stations are inoperative to differentiate the following one

17/56 on the other: a) an increase in the DPCCH transmission power initiated by the UE since it is carrying out a high data rate transmission and (b) an improvement in the radio link (better loss per route, reduction in the level of interference , others). In current practices, in both cases the base station observes that the pilot's SNR is increased beyond the target SNR and issues a downward command. However, the desired behavior would be for the base station to issue a downward command just in case (b).

By issuing a downward command in case (a), the base station reduces the SNR for high data rate transmission and thus deteriorates its performance. Furthermore, after the UE has terminated the transmission of the high rate package, the intensification in the pilot transmission power will be stopped. Thus, with the UE executing the undesirable downward commands, the pilot may be at such a low SNR that any transmissions at a lower data rate may fail.

To overcome the drawbacks of existing internal mesh practices, the systems and methods described here provide a wireless communication system in which an exemplary base station illustratively measures the pilot and detects a jump in its level. In an illustrative operation, if the exemplary base station detects an increase in the pilot level of more than Δ dB from the previously observed time partition, the exemplary base station operationally stores data that represents an intensified pilot. In illustrative operation, the exemplary base station triggers the power control loop in a conventional manner and can work to perform one or more of the following illustrative operations to detect a possible intensified pilot and switch control of

18/56 power to operate in one of the modes described by the following illustrative operations.

In an illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can monitor the pilot channel and can detect a jump in its level (signal / noise ratio). In illustrative operation, if the exemplary base station detects an increase in the pilot level of more than one decibel value selected from a previously transmitted time partition, the exemplary base station operates in a selected power control mode. Illustratively, the selected power control mode comprises ignoring the SNR measurements during the next transmission time interval (TTI) and transmitting power control commands to one or more UEs, such that the one or more UEs do not change its average transmission power.

In another illustrative operation, in the event that the exemplary base station knows the level of an exemplary enhancement for the pilot signal, the exemplary base station may function to normalize the pilot SNR measured to compensate for the pilot's intensification. In the illustrative implementation, the standardized SNR can then be used by an exemplary internal power control loop. In the illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can estimate the pilot's intensification by comparing the pilot SNR received during an intensified time partition with the pilot SNR received during the time when it was not intensified. Operationally, the result of this estimate can be used to normalize the measured SNR.

In another illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can disable power control on the first partition of a wireless transmission that may have an intensified pilot, operating under the assumption that the normalized SNR has not changed from the

19/56 previous time. Illustratively, operationally, during one or more subsequent time partitions, an exemplary base station can use the difference between successive time partitions to update the normalized SNR estimate. The normalized SNR can then be used for internal loop power control.

In another illustrative operation, an exemplary base station can measure the power or SNR received on the enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPDCH). Illustratively, operationally, if the exemplary base station detects the presence of substantial power from one or more UEs, the exemplary base station can operate to make the pilot liable to be stepped up and performs one or more of the operations in the selected power mode .

In another exemplary operation, when a signal is detected by the exemplary base station on the enhanced dedicated physical control channel (E-DPCCH) or on the enhanced dedicated physical data channel (E-DPDCH), the power control can be triggered on the E -DPCCH. Illustratively, the E-DPCCH's SNR can be estimated by the exemplary base station and used for internal loop power control. Illustratively, operationally, the estimated SNPC of the EDPCCH can be adjusted to represent the power of the normalized DPCCH, and the power control can be triggered, in an illustrative way, using the adjusted SNR estimate.

In another illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can disable power control at the beginning of each TTI, where the user equipment (UE) can transmit with an intensified pilot. The exemplary base station can operationally determine when the UE can transmit with an intensified pilot since the exemplary base station can provide control over the

20/56 transmissions from the EU (s) through one or more concession messages, and through DTX control. Illustratively, the power control can be re-enabled when the exemplary base station decodes the E-DPCCH. In the illustrative operation, the E-DPCCH can communicate the format being transmitted from the exemplary UE as well as if the UE is using a pilot enhancement on the E-DPDCH. In the illustrative operation, the exemplary base station can use the E-DPCCH result to normalize the DPCCH pilot SNR estimate.

In another illustrative implementation, the exemplary base station can disable power control in case the UE operates to intensify the pilot. Illustratively, the exemplary base station can monitor the occurrence that the UE triggers to intensify the pilot and limit its frequency in the occurrence by communicating concession messages to one or more cooperating wireless terminals. In an illustrative implementation, the exemplary base station can transmit an absolute grant message to one or more wireless terminals to allow one or more wireless terminals (UEs, for example) to transmit a high data rate using an intensified pilot to specific TTI.

In another illustrative implementation, UEs can operationally ignore commands descending from non-server cells when transmitting an intensified pilot.

In the illustrative operation, the external mesh can perform an operation in which an exemplary base station operationally measures the quality of service (QoS) of the data received from one or more cooperating wireless terminals (such as, for example, the rate of block errors ( BLER) or bit error rate (BER)) and can adjust the target SNR

21/56 as needed, such as achieving the desired QoS. In addition, in the illustrative implementation, the measurement of the SNR in the pilot can be used to derive variants in the quality of the radio link to adjust the transmission power of the channels that are transmitted by the UE.

With the enhanced uplink (EUL) feature of W-CDMA, data can generally be transmitted on the channel called E-DPDCH. Operationally, in an illustrative way, the pilot reference can still be carried on the DPCCH and can be used for coherent demodulation of the E-DPDCH as well as other channels. The uplink in a wireless system is a resource shared by cooperating UEs. Illustratively, an exemplary base station can maximize the total performance of the uplink by controlling the amount of resources used by each individual UE. In an illustrative implementation, absolute grant messages can be used to achieve the desired uplink resource control.

Illustratively, an absolute grant message is a message sent on the downlink by a base station programmer to directly adjust the granted rate of a UE under its control. Illustratively, the absolute grant message itself can include several fields that are multiplexed together and transmitted on a downlink channel called E-AGCH. These fields may include: Absolute Concession Value - this field indicates the ratio of the maximum EUL data for the pilot (E-DPDCH / DPCCH) that the UE is authorized to use for the next transmission; Scope of Absolute Concession: this field indicates the applicability of the Absolute Concession. (It can take two different values, Per HARQ process or All processes

22/56

HARQ, which can indicate whether the activation / deactivation of the HARQ process (es) will affect one or all processes.

To overcome the ambiguity that results in the communication of absolute grant messages sent by the exemplary base station and cooperating wireless terminals, the pilot's intensification with the DPDCH's power ratio to the nominal DPCCH can be combined into a new message metric. absolute concession, in which, for illustrative purposes, the DPCCH's nominal power is the DPCCH's power if it had not been intensified.

Illustratively, the absolute grant message metric can be computed as follows:

m = ^ Power of E - DPDCH) + (Intensified Power of DPCCH)] / \ Nominal Power of DPCCH \ - 1 (Eq. 1)

Or, in an equivalent way:

(computed in the linear domain) (Eq. 2)

Where Ped θ Λ are the amplitude gains of E-DPDCH and DPCCH, respectively, and where fi_bc is the amplitude ratio of the intensified DPCCH to the nominal DPCCH.

Although these equations are written linearly and in amplitude, it should be well understood by those skilled in the art that they must be derived in any other way such as taking into account the increase in the power of the metric. For example, powers can be used instead, or computation can occur in the logarithmic domain.

In another illustrative implementation, in which the power of a channel other than the pilot is intensified, the same procedure can be used for

23/56 compute the new absolute message metric, but on the other channel. In a specific modality in which the power of the E-DPCCH is intensified and used as a reference for phase and additional amplitude, the metric can be computed as follows:

m = {^ Power of E - DPDCH) + {Intensified Power of E - DPCCH)] / [Normal Power of E - DPCCH] / \ Power At least of DPCCH] - 1 (Eq. 3)

Or, in an equivalent way:

m - fted / - + {Pbec βec) / - A i A - A ₌ A + fí ^m~ / β ⁺ / β ~^THEed^{± A}b-ec ^THEec ^THEed ⁺ ° ec _boost (computed in the linear domain) (Eq. 4)

Where β_βί1, β_ε and fi_ec are the amplitude gains of E-DPDCH, DPCCH and E-DPCCH, respectively, where fi_bec is the amplitude gain of the intensified E-DPCCH, where A_ed and the_ec are the amplitude ratio of E-DPDCH to DPCCH and non-intensified E-DPCCH for DPCCH, respectively, where A_B__ec is the amplitude ratio of the intensified E-DPCCH to the DPCCH and where B_{and intensi}fi_car is the reason for the increase in amplitude due to the intensification of the E-DPCCH for the amplitude of the DPCCH.

Although these equations are written linearly and in amplitude, it should be well understood by those skilled in the art that they must be derived in any other way such as taking into account the increase in the power of the metric. For example, powers can be used instead, or computation can occur in the logarithmic domain.

In an illustrative operation, the power of channels other than the DPCCH can be fixed with respect to the power of the DPCCH. Illustratively, an increase of 1 dB in DPCCH power can result in an increase of

24/56 power for other 1 dB channels. In the illustrative operation, if power intensification is used, the UE operationally fixes the power of channels other than the DPCCH with respect to the nominal DPCCH, that is, the power of the DPCCH if it had not been intensified. In the illustrative operation, the power of the DPCCH can be arbitrarily increased without affecting the power of the other channels transmitted by the UE. Illustratively, the power of the E-DPDCH can also be adjusted and specified in relation to the nominal power of the DPCCH, or in relation to the enhanced power of the DPCCH. In illustrative operation, data can be transmitted by one or more wireless terminals cooperating on the E-DPDCH at fixed time intervals (transmission time intervals (TTI), for example).

Pilot Channel Optimization

Referring now to Figure 1, a multiple access wireless communication system is illustrated. The base station (BS) 100 includes multiple antenna groups, one including 104 and 106, another including 108 and 110 and an additional including 112 and 114. In Figure 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, although more or less fewer antennas can be used for each antenna group. A user device (UE) 116 communicates with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to UE 116 via downlink 120 and receive information from UE 116 via uplink 118. An UE 122 is in communication with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to UE 122 via downlink 126 and receive information from UE 122 via uplink 124. In an FDD system, communication links 118, 120, 124 and 126 can

25/56 use a different frequency for communication. For example, downlink 120 may use a different frequency than that used by uplink 118.

Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are designed for communication is often referred to as a base station sector. In the illustrative implementation, the antenna groups are each designed to communicate to the UEs in a sector of the area covered by base station 100.

In communication via downlinks 120 and 126, the transmitting antennas of the base station 100 can use beam formation in order to improve the signal / noise ratio of the downlinks for the different UEs 116 and 124.

As described above, a base station can be a fixed station used to communicate with the terminals and can also be referred to as an access point, Node B or some other terminology. User equipment (UE) can also be called an access terminal, wireless communication device, terminal or some other terminology.

Figure 2 illustrates a wireless communication system 200 with multiple base stations 210 and multiple user equipment (UEs) 220, as they can be used in conjunction with one or more aspects of the systems and methods described herein. A base station is usually, but not necessarily, a fixed station that communicates with the terminals and can also be called an access point, Node B or some other terminology. Each season

<td colspan="2">base 210 provides coverage</td><td colspan="2">of communication</td><td colspan="2">for</td><td>area</td>

<td>geographic</td><td>specific,</td><td>shown</td><td>as</td><td>three</td><td></td><td>areas</td>

<td>geographic,</td><td colspan="3">labeled 202a, 202b and</td><td>202c.</td><td> 0</td><td>term</td>

<td>cell can</td><td>refer to</td><td>a station</td><td>base</td><td>and / or</td><td>your</td><td>. area</td>

<td>cover,</td><td>depending on</td><td>of context</td><td>at the</td><td>which is</td><td colspan="2">term is</td>

26/56 used. To optimize the capacity of the system, a base station coverage area can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas (such as, for example, three smaller areas, according to coverage area 202a of Figure 2), 204a, 204b and 204c. Each smaller area can be served by a respective base transceiver (BTS) subsystem. The term sector can refer to a BTS and / or its coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. For a sectored cell, BTSs for all sectors of that cell are typically co-located within the base station for the cell. The transmission techniques described here can be used in a system with sectored cells as well as in a system with non-sectored cells. For simplicity, in the following description the term base station is used generically for a fixed station serving a sector as well as for a fixed station serving a cell.

User equipment 220 is typically dispersed throughout the system, and each UE can be fixed or mobile. A UE can also be called a mobile station, terminal, user device or some other terminology. A UE can be a wireless device, a cell phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem card, and so on. Each terminal 220 can communicate with zero, one or multiple base stations on the downlink and uplink at any given time. The downlink (or direct link) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations.

For a centralized architecture, a system controller 230 attaches to base stations 210 and provides coordination and control for base stations 210. For a

27/56 distributed architecture, base stations 210 can communicate with each other as needed. Additional downlink channels (control channel, for example) can be transmitted from multiple base stations to an UE. Uplink data communication can take place from a UE to one or more base stations via one or more antennas at terminals 220 and / or at base stations 210, as described above with respect to Figure 1.

Figure 3A illustrates an exemplary non-limiting high-level block diagram of a system that facilitates the optimization of pilot channels according to various aspects of the systems and methods described here. The 300A system includes user equipment 302 that is communicatively coupled to a base station 304 wirelessly. In other words, base station 304 is providing voice and / or data services to UE 302 via a downlink 310 and receiving communications from user equipment 302 via a 312 uplink, such as a CDMA or multiple access uplink by single carrier frequency division (SC-FDMA). User equipment 302 may be mobile in nature such that the quality associated with signals received from base station 304 may vary as UE 302 moves to a different geographic region. 0 user equipment 302 may include a pilot feedback mechanism 306, which responds to control one or more power operations of the user equipment in response to instructions provided by pilot control mechanism 308 located at base station 305, which operationally monitors signals pilot according to the schemes discussed here to allow estimation of channel conditions, among other functions. In addition, it must be considered that UE 302 and / or base station 304 may include other components

28/56 auxiliaries that facilitate, among other functions, the communication of information or related data used to adaptively determine the pilot allocation scheme.

Figure 3B illustrates a base station 304 receiving signals from a plurality of UEs 302, such that the pilot uplink signals are monitored according to various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. Base station 304 is shown receiving signals from a plurality of UEs 302 (from 1 to Z), Z being an integer.

The following discussion provides additional background information regarding signaling between the network (base station 304 and / or system controller 230) and the wireless terminal (UE 302 or UE 220) in the context of UMTS. In one respect, logical channels are classified into Control Channels and Traffic Channels. The Logical Control Channels comprise a Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), which is a downlink channel (DL) for broadcasting system control information. 0 Paging Control Channel (PCCH), which is a downlink channel that transfers paging information, the Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), which is a point-to-multipoint downlink channel used to transmit programming information from Broadcast and Multicast Multimedia (MBMS) services and control information for one or more Multicast Traffic Channels (MTCHs). Generally, after establishing the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection, this channel is only used by UEs 302 that receive MBMS. The Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bidirectional channel that transmits dedicated control information and is used by UEs 302 that have an RRC connection. In another aspect,

29/56 logical traffic channels comprise a Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), which is a point-to-point bidirectional channel, dedicated to a UE for the transfer of user information. In addition, an MTCH for a point-to-multipoint downlink channel to transmit traffic data.

In another aspect, transport channels are classified as downlink and uplink. The downlink transport channels comprise the Dedicated Channel (DCH), the Broadcast Channel (BCH), the Direct Access Channel (FACH), the High Speed ​​Shared Downlink Channel (HS-DSCH) and the Paging Channel ( PCH) transmitted by broadcast throughout the cell and mapped in PHY resources, which can be used in other control / traffic channels. The uplink transport channels comprise the Dedicated Channel (DCH), the Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) and the Random Access Channel (RACH). PHY channels comprise a set of DL channels and UL channels.

For the purpose of describing a specific non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the following nomenclature is used. Those skilled in the art would recognize that various modifications can be made without abandoning the spirit of the disclosed invention. Thus, it should be understood that the present description is only one of many modalities that are possible within the scope of the appended claims. 0 HS-DSCH is a High Speed ​​Shared Downlink Channel, CPICH is a Common pilot channel, a Partition is a time duration of 0.666 millisecond (ms).

Figure 4 depicts an illustrative implementation of exemplary non-limiting pilot optimization. As shown, wireless communication system 400 comprises user equipment 402 and base station 404

30/56 operants to communicate data and operational signals through communication channels 412 and 410 (pilot channel, for example). In an illustrative operation, the pilot station control mechanism 408 of the base station can monitor the pilot channel conditions on user equipment 402 such that one or more power condition signals (not shown) can be provided to the power control mechanism 406 of the user equipment operating to control the power of the pilot channel (to carry out pilot intensification, for example) of user equipment 402 according to one or more selected conditions (high data rates, for example). The power control can be carried out according to one or more of the operations described here (that is, as described in the Pilot Intensification section).

Referring now to Figure 5, a communication device 500 for use within a wireless communication environment is illustrated. The apparatus 500 can be a base station 304 or a part of it or a user equipment 302 or a part of it (such as the secure digital (SD) card coupled to a processor). The equipment 500 may include a memory 502, which holds various instructions regarding signal processing, communications programming, requesting measurement intervals and / or the like. For example, if device 500 is user equipment as described below in connection with Figures 11-12 and 15, memory 502 may include instructions for analyzing the quality of signals on an uplink and / or downlink channel with respect to to a specific base station. In addition, memory 502 can comprise instructions for pilot channel optimization. To that end, memory 502 may comprise instructions for receiving and processing pilot uplink channel data from

31/56 a base station 304 in order to facilitate the optimization of a pilot channel according to a predetermined scheme, according to several aspects of the systems and methods described here. In addition, memory 502 may comprise instructions to facilitate transmission of the optimized pilot channel. The above exemplary instructions and other suitable instructions can be retained in memory 502, and a 504 processor can be used in connection with the execution of the instructions (depending, for example, on the number of active streams, the starting position of the frequency, etc.) .

In addition, as noted above, the apparatus 500 may be a base station and / or a part of it, as described below in connection with Figures 9-10 and 14. As an example, memory 502 may include instructions for receiving an indication that the user equipment served by the device 500 is taking measurements with respect to other technologies and / or frequencies. Memory 502 may include further instructions for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel data to facilitate the performance of one or more power control operations on the UE 302 according to a predetermined scheme, according to various aspects of the systems and methods described here. To that end, memory 502 may additionally include instructions for facilitating reception of the optimized pilot channel. A processor 504 can be employed to execute instructions retained within memory 502. Although several examples have been provided, it should be understood that the instructions described in the form of methodologies (Figures 6-7) can be included within memory 502 and executed by the 504 processor.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, specific high-level methodologies are illustrated to optimize pilot channel power conditions according to

32/56 several illustrative implementations. Although, for the purpose of simplifying the explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it must be understood and considered that the methodologies are not limited by the order of the acts, since some acts may occur in orders different from the one shown here and described and / or concurrently with other acts. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and consider that a methodology can alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. In addition, not all illustrated acts can be used to implement a method according to one or more modalities.

Figure 6 illustrates a specific high-level methodology 600 that facilitates the optimization of uplink pilots in connection with the pilot optimization schemes described here. In 604, the uplink pilot channel information needed to facilitate the pilot optimization scheme according to a predetermined function of the pilot channel power is determined by base station 304 or a part of it. In 606, the respective uplink pilot channel information of one or more UEs 302 to facilitate the optimization of pilots of the UE 302 according to the predetermined function related to the condition and / or state of the pilot channel. In 608, the UE receives and processes pilot optimization commands from base station 304, or a part of it, according to the predetermined function of the respective uplink pilot channel information.

Figure 7 illustrates a specific high-level methodology 700 to facilitate the optimization of uplink pilots in connection with the pilot optimization schemes described here. In response to receiving the respective pilot channel information at 7 04 from a 304 base station

33/56 or a part thereof, the UE 302 or a part of it controls the power of the pilot channel at 706 according to a predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information. In 706, the UE 302 or a part of it transmits the pilot with controlled power.

Figure 8 depicts an exemplary communication system 800 implemented according to several aspects, including multiple cells: cell I 802, cell M 804. Note that neighboring cells 802 and 804 overlap slightly, as indicated by the border region between cells 868, thus creating a potential for signal interference between the signals transmitted by base stations in the border regions between neighboring cells; each border region is shared between two adjacent sectors.

The border regions between sectors provide power for signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring sectors. Line 816 represents a border region between sectors between sector I 810 and sector II 812; line 818 represents a border region between sectors between sector II 812 and sector III 814; line 820 represents a border region between sectors between sector III 814 and sector I 810. Likewise, cell M 804 includes a first sector, sector I 822, a second sector, sector II 824, and a third sector, sector III 826. Line 828 represents a border region between sectors between the sector I 822 and sector II 824; line 830 represents a border region between sectors between sector II 824 and sector III 826; line 832 represents a border region between sectors between sector III 826 and sector I 822. Cell I 802 includes a base station (BS), base station I 806 and a plurality of termination nodes (ENs)

34/56 (wireless terminals, for example) in each sector 810, 812,

814. Sector I 810 includes EN (1) 836 and EN (X) 838 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 840, 842, respectively; sector II 812 includes EN (1 ') 844 and EN (X') 846 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 848, 850, respectively; sector III 814 includes EN (1 '') 852 and the

ΕΝ (X '') 854 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 856, 858, respectively. Likewise, cell M 804 includes base station M 808 and a plurality of termination nodes (ENs) in each sector 822, 824, 826. Sector I 822 includes the

EN (1) 836 'and ο ΕΝ (X) 838' coupled to BS M 808 via wireless links 840 ', 842', respectively; sector II 824 includes EN (1 ') 844' and ο ΕΝ (X ') 846' coupled to BS M 808 via wireless links 848 ', 850', respectively; sector 3 826 includes EN (1 '') 852 'and ο ΕΝ (X' ') 854' coupled to BS 808 via wireless links 856 ', 858', respectively.

System 800 also includes a network node 8 60, which is coupled to BS I 806 and BS M 808 via wireless links 8 62, 8 64, respectively. Network node 8 60 is also coupled to other network nodes, such as, for example, other base stations, AAA server nodes, intermediate nodes, routers, etc., and the Internet via network link 866. The network links 862 , 864, 866 can be fiber optic cables, for example. Each termination node, such as EN (1) 836, can be a wireless terminal that includes a transmitter as well as a receiver. Wireless terminals, such as EN (1) 836, can move through the 800 system and can communicate wirelessly with the base station in the cell in which the EN is currently located. Wireless terminals (WTs), such as EN (1) 836, can communicate with even nodes, such as other WTs in the 800 system or outside the 800 system via a base station, such as, for example, BS

35/56

806, and / or network node 860. WTs, such as EN (1) 836 can be mobile communication devices, such as cell phones, personal data assistants with wireless modems, etc. The respective base stations or parts of them can perform determination and transmission of uplink pilot channel information. In addition, the respective base stations or parts of them can perform demultiplexing of uplink pilots according to the various aspects provided here. Wireless terminals or parts of them can use the respective uplink pilot channel information provided to facilitate adaptive multiplexing by varying the channel bandwidth and frequency location by SB 402 according to a predetermined function of the number of active streams of according to the various aspects presented here. In addition, wireless terminals or parts of them can transmit multiplexed pilots to their base stations.

Figure 9 illustrates a system that can be used in connection with a multiplexing scheme of adaptive uplink pilots with respect to user equipment. The system 900 comprises a base station 902 with a receiver 910, which receives signal (s) from one or more user devices 904 via one or more receiving antennas 906, and transmits to one or more user devices 904 via a plurality of transmission antennas 908. In one example, the receiving antennas 906 and the transmitting antennas 908 can be implemented using a single set of antennas. The receiver 910 can receive information from the receiving antennas 906 and is operationally associated with a demodulator 912, which demodulates the received information. The 910 receiver can be, for example, a Rake receiver (as, for example, a technique that processes individually

36/56 multipath signal components using a plurality of baseband correlators ,. . .), an MMSE-based receiver or some other suitable receiver to separate the user devices assigned to it, as will be considered by those skilled in the art. For example, multiple receivers (one per receiving antenna, for example) can be employed, and such receivers can communicate with each other to provide improved estimates of user data. Demodulated symbols are analyzed by a processor 914 similar to processor 1106 described below with respect to Figure 11, and is coupled to a memory 916, which stores information related to user device designations, related search tables and the like. The receiver output for each antenna can be processed together by the receiver 910 and / or the processor 914. A modulator 918 can multiplex the signal for transmission by a transmitter 920 through transmission antennas 908 to user devices 904.

Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary base station 1000 according to various aspects of the present invention. Base station 1000 or parts of it implement various aspects of the systems and methods described herein. For example, base station 1000 can determine uplink pilot channel information for subsequent transmission to facilitate adaptive pilot multiplexing on the related user equipment. Base station 1000 can be used as any of base stations 806, 808 of system 800 of Figure 8. Base station 1000 includes a receiver 1002, a transmitter 1004, a processor 1006, such as a CPU, an interface input / output port 1008 and a memory 1010, coupled together by a bus 1009, through which several elements 1002,

37/56

1004, 1006, 1008 and 1010 can exchange data and information.

Sectored antenna 1003 coupled to receiver 1002 is used to receive data and other signals, such as channel reports, wireless terminal transmissions from each sector within the base station cell, and can comprise one or more antennae from reception. The sectored antenna 1005 coupled to transmitter 1004 is used to transmit data and other signals, such as, for example, control signals, pilot signal, indicator signals, etc., to wireless terminals 1200 (see Figure 12) within each cell sector of the base station. In many respects, the base station 1000 can use multiple receivers 1002 and multiple transmitters 1004, such as, for example, an individual receiver 1002 for each sector and an individual transmitter 1004 for each sector. As described above, it should be considered that several modifications are possible. In a SU-MIMO system, for example, multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc., on the base station and user equipment can be used. Likewise, for SDMA systems, multiple users can transmit and receive signals from a base station with multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. The processor 1006 can be, for example, a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). Processor 1006 controls the operation of base station 1000 under the guidance of one or more routines 1018 stored in memory 1010 and implements the methods. The 1/0 1008 interface provides a connection to other network nodes, which connect the BS 1000 to other base stations, access routers, AAA server nodes, etc., other networks, and the Internet. Memory 1010 includes routines 1018 and data / information 1020.

38/56

Data / information 1020 includes data 1036, tone subset allocation sequence information 1038, which includes symbol time information 1040 downlink range and 1042 downlink tone information, and 1044 wireless terminal (WT) data / info that include a plurality of WT information sets: info WT 1 1046 and info WT N 1060. Each set of WT info, such as WT info 1 1046, includes data 1048, terminal ID 1050, sector ID 1052, uplink channel information 1054, downlink channel information 1056 and information about mode 1058.

Routines 1018 include communication routines 1022 and base station control routines 1024. Base station control routines 1024 includes a programmer module 1026 and signaling routines 1028, which include a routine for allocating tone subsets 1030 to

<td>periods</td><td>in</td><td>band symbols,</td><td>another</td><td>routine</td><td>in</td><td>jump</td><td>in</td>

<td>allocation</td><td>in</td><td colspan="2">1032 downlink tones</td><td>to</td><td colspan="2">remaining</td><td>From</td>

<td>periods</td><td>in</td><td>symbols like</td><td>per</td><td>example,</td><td colspan="2">periods</td><td>in</td>

<td>symbols</td><td>out</td><td>track, and a</td><td>routine</td><td colspan="2">indication</td><td> 1034 .</td><td></td>

Data 1036 includes data to be transmitted that will be sent to encoder 1014 of transmitter 1004 for encoding prior to transmission to WTs, and data received from WTs that have been processed through decoder 1012 of receiver 1002 after reception. Downlink banner symbol time information 1040 includes information about frame synchronization structure, such as information about superpartition structure, indication partition or ultrapartition and information that specifies whether a given symbol period is a period of band symbols, and if so, the index of the band symbol period and whether the range symbol is a reset point to truncate the

39/56 sequence of tone subset allocations used by the base station. Information about 1042 downlink tones includes information that includes a carrier frequency assigned to base station 1000, the number and frequency of tones, and the set of tone subsets to be allocated for the symbol-range periods and other specific values cell and sector, such as slope, slope index, and sector type.

Data 1048 can include data that WT1 1200 received from an even node, data that WT 1 wants to be transmitted to an even node, and downlink channel quality report feedback information. Terminal ID 1050 is a designated base station ID 1000 that identifies WT 1 1200. Sector ID 1052 includes information that identifies the sector in which WT1 1200 is operating. Sector ID 1052 can be used, for example, to determine the type of sector. Uplink channel information 1054 includes information that identifies channel segments that were allocated by the 1026 programmer for the WT1 1200 to use, such as uplink traffic channel segments for data, dedicated uplink control channels for requests , power control, timing control, number of active flows, etc. Each uplink channel assigned to the WT1 1200 includes one or more logic tones, each logical tone following a sequence of uplink hops in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. Downlink channel information 1056 includes information that identifies channel segments that have been allocated by programmer 1026 to carry data and / or information up to WT1 1200, such as downlink traffic channel segments for user data. Each downlink channel assigned to the WT1 1200 includes one or more logic tones, each following

40/56 a sequence of downlink hops. The 1058 mode information includes information that identifies the operational status of the WTl 1200, such as standby, hold, on.

Communication routines 1022 control base station 1000 to perform wireless communication operations and implement various communication protocols. Base station control routines 1024 are used to control base station 1000 to perform functional base station tasks, such as signal generation and reception, programming, and to implement method steps for some aspects, which include signal transmission stops wireless terminals using the subset allocation sequences of tones during symbol-band periods.

Signaling routine 1028 controls the operation of receiver 1002 with its decoder 1012 and transmitter 1004 with its encoder 1014. Signaling routine 1028 is responsible for controlling the generation of transmitted data 1036 and control information. The 1030 tone subset allocation routine builds the tone subset to be used in a symbol-range period using the aspect method and using 1020 data / information, which includes 1040 downlink-range time info and the Sector ID 1052. The allocation sequences for subsets of downlink tones will be different for each type of sector in a cell and different for adjacent cells. The WTs 1200 receive the signals in the symbol-band periods according to the allocation sequences of subsets of downlink tones; the base station 1000 uses the same allocation sequences of subsets of downlink tones in order to generate the transmitted signals. Another allocation jump routine

41/56 downlink tones 1023 builds downlink tone jump sequences, using information that includes information about downlink tones 1042 and information about downlink channel 1056, for symbol periods other than symbol-band periods. The tone jump sequences of downlink data are synchronized across sectors of a cell. The indicator routine 1034 controls the transmission of an indicator signal, for example, a relatively high power signal concentrated in one or a few tones, which can be used for synchronization purposes, for example, to synchronize the frame timing structure of the downlink signal and, therefore, the sequence of allocation of subsets of tones with respect to a boundary between ultrapartitions.

Figure 11 illustrates an 1100 system that can be used in connection with the pilot optimization schemes described here. The system 1100 comprises a receiver 1102 that receives a signal from, for example, one or more receiving antennas, and performs typical actions (such as, for example, filters, amplifies, converts downward, ...) on the received signal and digitizes the conditioned signal to obtain samples. A pilot control mechanism 1104 can provide pilot symbols received to a processor 1106 for channel estimation.

Processor 1106 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver component 1102 and / or generating information for transmission by a transmitter 1114. Processor 1106 can be a processor that controls one or more parts of the 1100 system, and / or a processor that analyzes the information received by receiver 1102, generates information for transmission by a transmitter 1114 and controls one or more parts of the 1100 system. The 1100 system can include a

42/56 optimization component 1108, which can optimize the performance of the user's equipment before, during and / or after measurements are made in relation to one or more technologies and / or frequencies. The optimization component 1108 can be incorporated into the processor 1106. It should be considered that the optimization component 1108 may include an optimization code that performs utility-based analysis in connection with the request for measurement intervals. The optimization code can use methods based on artificial intelligence in connection with the performance of inference and / or probabilistic determinations and / or determination based on statistics in connection with coding and decoding schemes.

system (user equipment) 1100 can further comprise a memory 1110 which is operationally coupled to processor 1106 and which stores information such as information on measurement intervals, programming information and the like, where such information can be used in connection with the allocating requests for measurement intervals and taking measurements during a measurement interval. The 1110 memory can store more protocols associated with the generation of search tables, etc., such that the 1100 system can employ stored protocols and / or algorithms to increase the capacity of the system. It should be considered that the data storage components (memories, for example) described herein can be either a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. By way of illustration and not by way of limitation, a non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can

43/56 include random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and not by way of limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronization Link DRAM (SLDRAM) and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). The 1110 memory is intended to understand, but is not limited to, these and other suitable types of memory. Processor 1106 is connected to a pilot symbol feedback mechanism 1112 and transmitter 1114, which transmits the modulated signal.

Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary wireless terminal (such as a terminating node, mobile device, etc.) 1200, which can be used as any of the wireless terminals (such as EN (1) 836 system 800 shown in Figure 8). Wireless terminal 1200 includes a receiver 1202, which includes a decoder 1212, a transmitter 1204, which includes an encoder 1214, a processor 1206 and a memory 1208, which are coupled together by a bus 1210, through which the various elements 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208 can exchange data and information. The antenna 1203 used to receive signals from a base station is coupled to the receiver 1202. The antenna 1205 used to transmit signals, as, for example, to a base station is coupled to the transmitter 1204. As described above, it should be considered that several modifications are possible. In a SU-MIMO system, for example, multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc., on the base station and user equipment can be used. Likewise, for SDMA systems, multiple users can transmit and receive signals from a base station with

44/56 multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc.

Processor 1206, such as a CPU, controls the operation of wireless terminal 1200 and implements methods for executing routines 1220 and the use of data / information 1222 in memory 1208.

The data / information 1222 includes user data 1234, user information 1236 and information on allocation sequences of tone subsets 1250, in the exemplary case of an OFDMA communication system. User data 1234 can include data, destined for an even node, which can be routed to encoder 1214 for encoding before transmission, by transmitter 1204, to base station 1000, and data received from base station 1000 that has been processed decoder 1212 of receiver 1202. User information 1236 includes uplink channel information 1238, downlink channel information 1240, terminal ID information 1242, base station ID information 1244, sector ID information 1246, and information about 1248 mode. uplink channel 1238 includes information that identifies segments of uplink channels that have been designated by base station 1000 for wireless terminal 1200 to use when transmitting to base station 1000. Uplink channels can include uplink traffic channels, dedicated uplink control channels, such as request channels, power control channels, and timing control channels. In the exemplary case of an OFDMA communication system, each uplink channel includes one or more logic tones, each logical tone following a sequence of uplink tone skips. In some embodiments, the uplink hop sequences are different between each type of sector in a cell and between adjacent cells.

45/56

Downlink channel information 1240 includes information that identifies downlink channel segments that have been assigned by a base station to the WT 1200 for use when the base station is transmitting data / information to the WT 1200. Downlink channels can include downlink traffic channels and designation channels, each downlink channel including one or more logic tones, each logical tone following a sequence of downlink hops, which is synchronized between each sector of the cell.

User information 1236 also includes terminal ID information 1242, which is a designated identification of base station 1000, base station ID information 1244, which identifies the specific base station 1000 with which the WT has communicated and the sector ID information 1246, which identifies the specific sector of the cell where the WT 1200 is currently located. In an exemplary OFDMA communication system, base station ID 1244 provides a cell slope value and sector ID information 124 6 provides a type of sector index; the cell slope value and the sector index type can be used to derive tone jump sequences. The 1248 mode information, also included in the 1236 user information, identifies whether the WT 1200 is in standby mode, in standby mode or in on mode.

In some OFDMA modalities, information on 1250 tone subset allocation sequences includes downlink symbol time information 1252 and downlink tone information 1254. Downlink tone information 1254 includes information that includes a carrier frequency assigned to the base station 1000, the number and frequency of tones and the set of

46/56 subsets of tones to be allocated for the range symbol periods and other specific cell and sector values, such as slope, slope index and sector type.

Routines 1220 include communication routines 1224 and wireless terminal control routines 1226. Communication routines 1224 control the various communication protocols used by the WT 1200. Wireless terminal control routines 1226 control the basic functionality of the terminal without wire 1200, including receiver control 1202 and transmitter 1204. Wireless terminal control routines 1226 include signaling routine 1228. In some OFDM modalities, the tone subset allocation routine 1230 uses data / user information 1222, which includes downlink channel information 1240, base station ID information 1244, for example, slope index and sector type, and information about downlink tones 1254 in order to generate the sequences of subsets of subsets of downlink tones according to some modalities and to process the received data transmitted from the base station 1000.

The techniques of some illustrative implementations can be implemented using software, hardware and / or a combination of software and hardware. Some modalities concern an apparatus, for example, a mobile node, such as a mobile terminal, a base station or a communication system, which perform some illustrative implementations. Some illustrative implementations also concern methods, such as, for example, a method to control and / or activate mobile nodes, base stations and / or communication systems, such as, for example, hosts, according to some illustrative implementations. Some illustrative implementations also refer to 47/56 a machine-readable medium, such as a ROM, RAM, CDs, hard drives, etc., which include machine-readable instructions for controlling a machine to implement one or more steps according to some illustrative implementations.

In several illustrative implementations, the nodes described here are implemented using one or more modules to perform the steps that correspond to one or more methods of some illustrative implementations, such as signal processing, generation and / or transmission steps of messages. Thus, several aspects of some illustrative implementations are implemented using modules. Such modules can be implemented using software, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Many of the methods or method steps described above can be implemented using machine-executable instructions, such as software, included in a machine-readable medium, such as a memory device, such as a RAM, a floppy disk , etc., to control a machine, such as a general-purpose computer with or without additional hardware, to implement all or parts of the methods described above, such as, for example, on one or more nodes. Therefore, among other things, some modalities refer to a machine-readable medium that includes executable instructions .. by machine to make a machine, such as a processor and associated hardware, perform one or more of the following: steps of the method (s) described above.

Numerous additional variations in the methods and apparatus of some illustrative implementations described above will be evident to those skilled in the art in view of the above description of some illustrative implementations.

48/56

Such variations must be considered within the scope of the respective illustrative implementations. The methods and apparatus of some illustrative implementations can be, and in several modalities, used with CDMA, with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with SC-FDMA and / or with several other types of communication techniques that can be used to provide wireless communication links between access nodes and mobile nodes. In some illustrative implementations, access nodes are implemented as base stations that establish communication links with mobile nodes using OFDM and / or CDMA. In several modalities, mobile nodes are implemented as portable computers, personal data assistants (PDAs) or other portable devices that include receiver / transmitter circuits and logic and / or routines, to implement the methods of some modalities.

It should be considered that, according to one or more aspects described here, inferences can be made regarding the determination of uplink pilot channel information. As used herein, the term infer or inference generally refers to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment and / or user from a set of observations captured via events and / or data. An inference can be used to identify a specific context or action or it can generate a distribution of probabilities across states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic - that is, the computation of a distribution of probabilities through states of interest based on the consideration of data and events. The inference can also refer to techniques used to compose higher level events from a set of events and / or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from

49/56 make active uplink inferences for a set of observed events and / or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in small temporal proximity and whether the events and data come from one or more sources of events and data.

According to an example, one or more of the methods presented above may include referring to determining flows to facilitate adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing. According to another example, one can make an inference related to the estimation of the probability that a desired signal is differentiable from one or more undesirable signals based on a set of pilot uplink signals. It should be considered that the preceding examples are of an illustrative nature and are not intended to limit the number of inferences that can be made or the way in which such inferences are made in conjunction with the various modalities and / or methods described herein.

Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting block diagram of a communication system that incorporates pilot optimization according to several of the invention, in which the 1310 transmitting system (such as, for example, base station, etc.) and a receiver system 1350 (UE, user equipment, mobile node, etc.) in a MIMO 1300 system. In the transmitting system 1310, the traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 1312 to a transmission data processor (TX) 1314. In an illustrative implementation, each data stream is transmitted via a respective transmission antenna. 0 TX 1314 data processor formats, encodes and merges traffic data for each data stream based on a coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide encrypted data. According to several illustrative implementations of

50/56 systems and methods described here, the 1350 transmitting system facilitates pilot optimization schemes by transmitting uplink pilot channel information to the 1310 receiving system.

The encoded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. Pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used in the receiving system to estimate the channel response. The data rate, encoding and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions from the 1330 processor.

The modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to a TX 1320 processor, which can further process the modulation symbols (for OFDM, for example). The TX 1320 processor then provides N_T modulation symbol streams to N_T transmitters (TMTR) 1322a to 1322t. In certain embodiments, the TX 1320 processor applies beamforming weights to the data stream symbols and the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.

Each transmitter 1322 receives and processes a respective stream of symbols to provide one or more analog signals, and additionally conditions (amplifies, filters and converts upwards, for example) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission through the MIMO channel. N_T Modulated signals from transmitters 1322a to 1322t are then transmitted from N_Tantennas 1324a to 1324t, respectively.

In the 1350 receiver system, the transmitted modulated signals are received by N_R antennas 1352a to 1352r and the signal received from each antenna 1352 is provided to a

51/56 respective receiver (RCVR) 1354a to 1354r. Each 1354 receiver conditions (filters, amplifies and converts downward, for example) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples and additionally processes the samples to provide a corresponding received symbol stream.

An RX 1360 data processor then receives and processes the N_R symbol streams received from N_R1453 receivers based on a specific receiver processing technique to provide N_T detected symbol streams. The data processor. RX 1360 then demodulates, deinterleaves and decodes each detected symbol stream to retrieve traffic data for the data stream. The processing by the RX 1360 data processor is complementary to that performed by the MIMO TX 1320 processor and the TX 1314 data processor in the transmitting system 1310.

A 1370 processor periodically determines which pre-coding matrix to use, as described above. Processor 137 0 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index part and a classification value part. The reverse link message can comprise different types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data flow. According to various aspects of the invention, in response to receiving the respective uplink pilot channel information from the transmitting system 1310, the receiving system 1350 optimizes the pilot channel according to a predetermined function. The reverse link message is then processed by a TX 1338 data processor, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a 1336 data source, modulated by a 1380 modulator,

52/56 conditioned by transmitters 1354a to 1354r and transmitted back to transmitter system 1310.

In the transmitting system 1310, the modulated signals from the receiving system 1350 are received by antennas 1324, conditioned by receivers 1322, demodulated by a demodulator 1340 and processed by an RX 1342 data processor to extract the reverse link message transmitted by the receiving system 1350. The 1330 processor then determines which pre-coding matrix to use to determine the beam forming weights and then processes the extracted message. According to various aspects of the invention, in response to receiving multiplexed pilots from the receiving system 1350, the transmitting system 1310 demultiplexes the multiplex pilot channel according to the predetermined function and the respective uplink pilot channel information.

With reference to Figure 14, an apparatus 1400 is illustrated which facilitates the optimization of pilots according to several illustrative non-limiting implementations of the systems and methods described here. For example, apparatus 1400 may reside, at least partially, within a base station. It should be considered that the device 1400 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software or a combination of them (a firmware, for example). Apparatus 1400 includes a logical grouping 1402 of electrical components that can act together. For example, logical grouping 1402 may include an electrical component to determine and transmit uplink pilot channel information at a base station 1404. For purposes of illustration and not limitation, uplink pilot channel information can

53/56 include a number of active streams to be multiplexed, a number of available resource blocks and / or a pilot initial frequency position, any combination of them and the like. In addition, logic array 1402 may include an electrical component for receiving signals representing pilot control 1406, as described in more detail above in connection with Figures 4, 6-7. 0 Logical grouping 1402 may additionally include an electrical component to process pilot control signals according to a predetermined function of uplink pilot channel information 1408. Furthermore, apparatus 1400 may include memory 1410 that retains instructions for performing functions associated with electrical components 1404, 1406 and 1408. Although shown to be external to memory 1410, it must be considered that one or more of the electrical components 1404, 1406 and 1408 may exist within memory 1410.

With reference to Figure 15, an apparatus 1500 is illustrated that allows the optimization of pilots according to several illustrative non-limiting implementations of the systems and methods described here. The apparatus 1500 may reside, at least partially, within a wireless terminal, for example. It must be considered that the device 1500 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software or a combination of them (a firmware, for example). Apparatus 1500 includes a logical grouping 1502 of electrical components that can act together. For example, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component for receiving and processing pilot channel information from uplink 1504. For example, electrical component 1504 can include an electrical component to receive and process information

54/56 uplink pilot channel as described above with reference to Figure 14. In addition, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component to process pilot control data depending on uplink pilot channel information 1506, as described above in more details in connection with Figures 4, 6-7. In addition, logic array 1502 may include an electrical component for transmitting pilot feedback data 1508. In addition, the apparatus 1500 may include a memory 1510 that retains instructions for performing functions associated with electrical components 1504, 1506 and 1508.

Although shown to be external to memory 1410, it should be understood that one or more of the electrical components 1504, 1506 and 1508 may exist within memory 1510.

It should be understood that the illustrative implementations described here can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode or any combination of them. For a hardware implementation, processing units within user equipment or a network device can be implemented within one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), processing devices digital signals (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), programmable port arrangements, processors, controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described here or a combination of them.

in the field (FPGAs), microcontrollers,

When the systems and / or methods described herein are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium,

55/56 as a storage component. A code segment can represent a procedure, a function, a sub-program, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or statement statements. program. A code segment can be coupled to another code segment or to a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., can be passed, emitted or transmitted using any suitable elements, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

For a software implementation, the techniques described here can be implemented with modules (such as, for example, procedures, functions and so on) that perform the functions described here. Software codes can be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit can be implemented inside the processor or outside the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor through several elements.

What has been described above includes examples of the revealed object. Of course, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for describing such an object, but those skilled in the art may recognize that many other combinations and exchanges are possible. Consequently, the object is intended to cover all changes, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the attached claims. Furthermore, insofar as the term includes is used either in the 'detailed description or in the

56/56 claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a similar manner to the term comprising comprising is interpreted when used as a transitional word in a claim.

one like one