Method for initiating a wireless transfer of data between at least two electronic devices, electronic device and software program therefor

(54) Title: METHOD FOR INITIATING THE

WIRELESS DATA TRANSFER, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND, COMPUTER PROGRAM (30) Unionist Priority: 3/14/2003 us 10 / 390,548 (71) Depositor (s): Nokia Corporation (Fl) (72) Inventor (s): Jakke Mãkelã, Timo Erola, Mikko Juhola, Jukka Linjama, Naula Pekka (74) Attorney: Araripe & Associados (86) International Request: PCTIB2004 / 000684de 04/03/2004 (57) Summary: METHOD TO START WIRELESS DATA TRANSFER , ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND, COMPUTER PROGRAM. The invention relates to a method for initiating wireless data transfer between two electronic devices. In order to carry out the initiation in a particularly user friendly way, it is proposed that the concept called 'conference' be used. The conference state between two electronic devices is assumed to be determined if the first electronic device and the second electronic device are determined to support a specific movement pattern relative to each other, while being at least in a close proximity to each other. Only if the conference status is detected on the first device, the data transfer channel is opened to transfer data between the first device and some other device, for example, the second device. The invention also relates to a corresponding device and a program with the corresponding program code.

(87) International Publication: W02004 / O82212 of 23/09/2004

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WIRE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM ”.

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a method for initiating a wireless data transfer between at least two of at least two electronic devices. The invention also relates to an electronic device, which is suitable for initiating wireless data transfer, and to a computer program in which the program code is stored to initiate wireless data transfer between two electronic devices.

Description of the Prior Art

It is known in the prior art to enable direct wireless data transfer between two electronic devices, for example, to exchange business cards between two mobile phones. The transmission channel can be carried out, for example, via Bluetooth TM (BT), through infrared (IR) ports or through the Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN).

An example of the use of the local wireless link between two electronic devices is described in WO 00/28403 A1. This document proposes the transmission not of the data, but the control information between a portable controller and a device, similarly as in the devices of traditional remote control.

Initiation protocols for data transfers between wireless terminals are described, for example, in EP 1220501A2 and WO 01 / 45319A1.

It is a disadvantage of the known solution that the activation and initiation of direct wireless data transfer between two electronic devices is often considered to be complicated or harmful.

Summary of the Invention

It is an object of the invention to simplify direct wireless data transfer between two electronic devices from the point of view of users of electronic devices.

It is an object of the invention to enable direct wireless data transfer between two electronic devices in the form in which it constitutes a new experience for users of electronic devices.

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A method for initiating a wireless data transfer on at least two of at least two electronic devices is proposed, which comprises a first electronic device that detects the conference state between the first electronic device and the second electronic device. The conference state is assumed to be determined if the first electronic device and the second electronic device are determined by a specific movement pattern relative to each other while being at least in the vicinity of each other. The proposed method also comprises opening a data transfer channel as a wireless local link of the first electronic device to transfer data between the first electronic device and another one different from the first of the electronic device, when it has been detected that the first electronic device is in the conference state with the second of the electronic devices.

In addition, an electronic device is proposed, which comprises at least one interface to establish the local wireless link to other electronic devices and process the components to carry out the proposed method.

Finally, the computer program is proposed, in which the program code to initiate the wireless data transfer between at least two of at least two electronic devices is stored. The code of the proposed program executes the steps of the proposed method, when running in the processing unit of the electronic device.

The invention relies on the concept that is referred to as "conference". The exact definition of this term and then the required movement pattern can be specific to a particular application. The movement pattern, which should be specific and unambiguous, can comprise a single movement or a sequence of movements performed by the users of the devices with the devices at least in close proximity to each other. In the simplest embodiment, “conference” means that two electronic devices are brought together physically, ie beaten together, or at least many close together. In other "conference" incorporations it could require other, more complex movement patterns, such as sliding two electronic devices close together. In a more general case, “conference” needs only

3/27 fulfill the following criteria: the operation allows the user to define the unambiguity that the device he wishes to “interconnect in conference” with his own device, and each of the devices can make an independent determination as to whether it is being probably “conference linked” by another device.

Electronic devices according to the invention will also be referred to as conference-enabled electronic devices.

The invention arises from the consideration that the initiation of data transfer between two electronic devices would be particularly easy and intuitive, if this data transfer were initiated simply by entering the conference state between two electronic devices, for example, by bringing the two devices electronic devices in physical contact. The channel that provides the maximum bandwidth required for data transfer is only activated if such a “conference” has been detected.

The invention then provides a new way to transfer images or other data between electronic devices by initiating data transfer simply by bringing two electronic devices into the conference state respectively.

It is an advantage of the invention that it provides an extremely intuitive user interface for the transfer of data between electronic devices.

It is also an advantage of the invention that it can be implemented in some electronic devices, for example, at least in some future categories of mobile phone, without any exchange of hardware.

The detection of the conference status can always be activated, or only under certain conditions, for example, when requested by the user or automatically in the corresponding indication by an application.

In a simpler embodiment, the conference state is detected by mechanical or electrical activation. And in such an incorporation, the entry of the conference state can be detected basically in an unambiguous and error-free way. As a consequence, in the beginning it is impossible to detect the conference status by accident. Such definite detection of the conference state could be achieved, for example, when both devices have a button, and when pressing the devices together in a specific configuration, it causes both devices to be simultaneously

4/27 pressed.

In the most important incorporations, the detection of the conference status cannot be carried out completely without ambiguity. For these cases, the use of polling mode is proposed, which requires only very low bandwidth.

First, the first electronic device opens a polling channel as a wireless local link. Then, the first electronic device transmits the signals on the polling channel and receives the signals on this polling channel. The signals exchanged can be, for example, “telemetry data”, which are based on the results of some measurements on the electronic devices involved. Finally, the first electronic device determines whether it is in the conference state with the second corresponding electronic device, which has also opened the polling channel, by evaluating the data measured by the first device and the signals received through the polling channel. It is to be noted that the data measured by the first device can be the result of measurements performed on the signals received through the polling channel.

There are several possibilities to cause the electronic device to enter selective call mode, ie to open the selective call channel and carry out the required and evaluated measures. Selective call mode can be entered at the beginning by the user, automatically or by mixed approach. There may also be additional layers of security, which are not crucial to this invention.

In the event that the polling mode is initiated by the user, the start is preferably extremely simple. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a dedicated button, which is to be pressed to enter selective call mode. Alternatively, pressing a predefined sequence of regular keys or any other suitable action may be required.

In case the selective call mode is to be entered automatically, it can be entered whenever a regular sampling of the selective call channel in the low energy QUICK CALL CHECK MODE shows that the second nearby electronic device is in the call mode selective.

Such regular sampling can occur, for example, every few seconds. While this

5/27 approach is particularly comfortable for the user, it has to be taken into account that it requires an energy overload from the electronic equipment and also has a potential security weakness. The selective call mode could also be entered automatically whenever it is determined in any suitable way that the corresponding second electronic device, or at least any other object, is very close. In addition, the selective call mode can be entered automatically whenever data of a predetermined type is identified only on the first electronic device, for example, when the images generated by the user are viewed on the screen of the electronic device, when the audio signals become available to the user, or when the fingerprint or hyperlinks appear on the screen.

Some possibilities of entering selective call mode have to be combined with at least one other possibility of entering selective call mode, in order to enable two electronic devices to initiate data transfer. In a possible incorporation, for example, several electronic devices enabled for the conference are by default in the

THE FAST CHECKING MODE AND OPTIONS above. Whenever the data of a certain type of data is identified only in one of the electronic devices, this electronic device is automatically caused to enter the selective call mode. If there is also another electronic device enabled for conferencing within the transmission range of the first electronic device, it will eventually detect that the first electronic device is in selective call mode during regular sampling of the selective call channel to also enter call mode selective. The data transfer can then be activated as proposed through the “conference”.

There are several other possibilities for determining whether the first electronic device is in the conference state with the second electronic device, which has also opened the selective call channel.

In a preferred embodiment, proximity sensors are used for proximity measurements in selective call mode. Proximity sensors could operate, for example, based on optical, electromagnetic,

6/27 electrostatic, magnetic or other principles. When an electronic device enters selective call mode, it switches to its proximity sensor. If the proximity sensor detects another object in the vicinity, the electronic device transmits an indicator on the open polling channel. In the case of electronic devices also receiving a corresponding indicator on the polling channel at basically the same time, this is a reasonable assumption where two electronic devices enabled for the conference have been brought close together and thereby entered the conference mode. The invention then opens up the possibility of a new use of proximity sensors.

In another preferred embodiment, the Data Association ports

Existing infrared (IrDA) is used for proximity measurements in selective call mode. The IrDA port of an electronic device is set to the mode in which the IrDA port emits infrared signals with a specific intensity. At the same time, the electronic device interrogates the infrared signals received through the IrDA port. In the event that the intensity of the received infrared signals corresponds to a pre-defined intensity, which can be expected if the first electronic device and the second electronic device support the specific movement pattern relative to each other, the conference state can be assumed. Depending on the selected movement pattern, the expected intensity can be, for example, basically equal to the specific intensity or a known time-dependent function. For example, when the intensity of a received infrared signal is almost the same as the intensity of the transmitted infrared signal, it can be assumed that the IrDA port of the electronic device is more or less touching the IrDA port of another electronic device in selective call mode. A vague reasoning can be employed whether or not the first electronic device should currently be considered to be in conference mode with the second electronic device, which has also opened the selective call channel.

In another embodiment, acceleration sensors are used for proximity measurements in selective call mode. In the case of the acceleration sensors of two electronic devices enabled by the conference to register the acceleration-deceleration profile at the same time, which can be expected in the respective electronic device, in case it supports the specific movement pattern, this means that more likely

7/27 they have entered the conference state. The acceleration-deceleration profile can consist of a single value, but also have a more complex time function, depending on the definition of the specific movement pattern. The exchange of information required in the form of an acceleration indication is performed through the polling channel initiated. Vague reasoning can be employed to determine whether or not the first electronic device should currently be considered to be in the conference state with the second electronic device, which has also opened the selective call channel.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the polling channel itself could be used for proximity measurements in polling mode. Conference-enabled electronic devices transmit signals on the open polling channel. It is then assumed by the first device that it is in the conference state with some other conference-enabled device, in the case of the measured signal strength received on the polling channel to include the pre-defined time function, which can be expected in the case of the first and the second electronic device supports the specific movement pattern selected. For example, in the case of electronic devices detecting that the intensity of the channel grows rapidly and then remains at the maximum possible value, it is more likely that the electronic devices have been played together. Vague reasoning can be employed to determine whether or not the electronic device should currently be considered to be in the conference state with another electronic device, which has also opened the selective call channel. In case the selective call channel is based on Bluetooth ™, then the adjustment of the intensity of the Bluetooth ™ channel has to be taken into account to achieve a robust approximation.

Other possibilities for detecting the conference status include, for example, an audio-based proximity detection, in which the devices hear the audio signals emitted by other devices, the detection is based on the sound of the contact, for example, the sound of crash caused if devices are brought into contact quickly, detection using application-specific contact sensors, for example, small bars that bend when at or near contact, an identification

8/27 visual of “conference” movement, for example with a camera equipped with a motion detector, and any other method capable of detecting close proximity and the specific movement used to perform the “conference”. The specific mechanism used for detecting the conference state is not relevant to the basic concept of this invention, especially if multi-input reasoning is used, as described below, which ensures that possible systematic, random or unpredictable angles, operational errors or failures in any single mechanism can be moved by other respective mechanisms.

Advantageously the final decision as to whether or not an electronic device should be considered to be in the conference state with another electronic device is based on a plurality of criteria, for example, based on the various incorporations proposed above. The electronic device then performs the reasoning as to whether it is possible that it has been “interconnected in conference”. In practice, more than one proximity sensor should be employed for this purpose. A "conference" can be considered to be possible, for example, if at the same time the proximity sensor detects a nearby object and the infrared signals are being received at high density and the electronic device has been experiencing deceleration.

In an embodiment of the invention, a special sensory system is employed to reliably detect the conference state. The sensory system is for example capable of executing the three types of detections, called proximity, deceleration and physical contact between electronic devices. Since no sensor known to itself is capable of handling these three functions, advantageously multiple sensors are used for this sensory system. The outputs of these sensors must be combined properly. In this case, it must be taken into account that the conference status is rarely entered, which implies that the measurement results form a respective long series of negatives with, for example, only one positive. In addition, it should be ensured that the system basically never rejects a genuine “conference”. Finally, it must be taken into account that different sensors can produce incompatible results.

It is proposed that in the case of multiple sensors, each sensor performs an independent assessment of whether the “conference” has taken place. The system should furthermore be

9/27 calibrated, such that false positives are expected to occur, that is, such that the system will occasionally consider the conference state to be determined even though this is not the case. The conduct of false positives can be monitored for each sensor. If the conduct is abnormal due to too many or too few false positives, the output of the respective sensor is momentarily ignored. The final decision can then be made based on the output of each sensor considered and possibly in addition to the known confidence factors for each sensor. The separate and combined evaluation of the sensor outputs can be carried out in particular by an algorithm.

In another embodiment of the invention, the intensity of physical contact between an electronic device and some other object is monitored. In addition, a threshold value is specified for this monitored stroke intensity, above which the conference status detection is disabled. Alternatively or in addition, a warning signal can be produced in this case. This helps prevent users from striking their electronic devices too suddenly or from any other object entering the conference state, and then venturing to break the electronic device.

In another embodiment, the selective call channel is not switched by defauit. Instead, each electronic device enabled for the conference constantly or regularly searches for another electronic device close to itself, for example according to one of the possibilities presented above. This incorporation is particularly useful in cases where energy consumption is not a fundamental issue, for example, when the device is a database manipulation application (Tabletop), or where the search can be performed with very little energy consumption.

If the electronic device decides which “conference” is possible, it opens the polling channel and sends a signal to CONSULT OUTDevice, consulting other electronic devices enabled for the conference. If the electronic device simultaneously receives the CONSULT OUTDevice signal from another electronic device, it is possible that two devices are in the conference state. Soon after, additional information should be transferred between the electronic devices, and the data transfer channel is activated if the additional information shows that the "conference" has currently taken place. In order to avoid the problems of

10/27 potential security with an electronic device that interrogates other electronic devices even when the user is not aware of this, this mode could be entered only at the user's request.

Compared to the last merger submitted, the other 5 mergers proposed are more likely to confidently miss the “conference”. In addition, they require less energy consumption, since they do not require evaluations and interrogate all the time.

While the proposed electronic devices are enabled to enter the conference state when they are in close proximity to each other, in some situations, a direct and comfortable data transfer may be desired without a close proximity between the electronic devices involved. Such a situation can be determined, for example, if several people are located around a large table. In an embodiment of the invention, therefore, a "remote conference state" can be defined as well, which does not require close proximity. The remote conference status of an electronic device is detected at the request by the user or upon activation by an application, when the electronic device supports a specific movement pattern. For example, instead of striking two electronic devices together to enter the conference state, both could be struck against a table or similar surface at the same time. Alternatively, users of electronic devices can strike or tap their devices with their hand or finger, or vibrate the devices once, depending on the exact way the remote “conference” is defined. Once the remote conference state has been detected, data transfer can be enabled in exactly the same way as in the conference state which requires close proximity. The remote conference state can then be enabled by the same protocol as the near-proximity conference state, except that any specifications for close proximity or physical contact between electronic devices are removed. To establish the data transfer channel, the remote conference state has to be detected on at least two electronic devices, that is, a temporal association of ideas involving the electronic devices has to be determined.

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The electronic device whose data is to be transferred to other electronic devices can present a list of potential receiving devices to its user via the user interface. The user can then be enabled to select one or more devices from the list via the user interface. Such selection may also consist of deselecting some of the devices presented. Thus, the data transfer channel can be opened only for the other electronic devices selected by the user. This allows the user to restrict the transfer of data to the desired recipients.

There are also several possibilities for transferring data on the activated data transfer channel.

In the first possible mode of operation, the proposed “conference” is only used to start the data transfer channel, after which the channel is used exactly since it would be used normally, for example as the Bluetooth data transfer channel ™ using Bluetooth protocols. It is an advantage of this mode of operation that it does not require the definition of new types of data or transmission protocols.

In the second possible mode of operation, the proposed “conference” is used to transfer data between two electronic devices. Data traffic does not have to be continuous, it can consist of packages or data objects, for example, images that are transferred from display to display. For this mode of operation, security aspects should be taken into account, as well as the protection of digital rights management for the transfer of the “conference” which should be at least as difficult as for the other channels. In practice, the new indicator “ENABLING TRANSFER BY CONFERENCE” could be defined and assigned to each object, which must be allowed to be transferred. It is not necessary to add this indicator explicitly for most object definitions, however, since it can be ON by default for any type of object that can be exchanged for infrared signals, Bluetooth TM, Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Message Service (MMS), and so on, for example for all icons, all contact / business cards, for images with some

12/27 restrictions, etc.

In an advantageous incorporation, the objects to be moved are always formatted as MMSs or SMSs, with an additional indicator “TRANSFER BY CONFERENCE” activated. The user interface can then treat them exactly as if they were ordinary MMSs. Any additional fields required, for example, a field containing the phone number of the transmitter, can be sent along with the MMS data. Thus, this is an irrelevant principle for the electronic receiving device, whether the MMS was received via a common air interface or by the "conference".

Data transfer can be initiated between the first electronic device and the second electronic device, between which the conference status is detected. Another advantageous embodiment of the invention enables a "three-way conference". In this case, the second electronic device is only used to initiate data transfer between the first electronic device and some other electronic device. The second electronic device is used more specifically for the “conference” of the first electronic device and one or more other electronic devices one after the other. The first electronic device and all other electronic devices open the data transfer channel, as soon as they detect that they have been “interconnected” by the second device. In this way, the second electronic device enables data transfer between the first electronic device and one or more other electronic devices. This is particularly useful if the first electronic device and the other electronic devices are too wide to be moved to enter the state of direct conference with each other.

The polling channel and data transfer channel, respectively, can be established, for example, as a Bluetooth ™ channel, WLAN channel, IrDA channel, etc. It is to be noted that an optimal incorporation involving only two electronic devices, both channels will make use of the same physical channel, only the type of data that is transferred changes.

The invention can in principle be implemented with existing technology and hardware. If the device already contains at least one of the technologies mentioned above, the

13/27 invention can be fully implemented in a program. Additional hardware can make the invention more robust.

Other objects and characteristics of the present invention have become apparent from the detailed description below considered in conjunction with the attached drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed only for the purpose of illustration and not as a definition of the invention, in which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should also be understood that the drawings are not drawn to scale and they are merely understood to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described here.

Brief Description of the Figures

Figure 1 - schematically shows two mobile phones on which an embodiment of the invention is implemented;

Figure 2 - is a flow chart illustrating the beginning of data transfer between the mobile phones in Figure 1;

Figure 3 - is a block diagram of the mobile terminal in which another embodiment of the invention is implemented;

Figure 4 - is a table indicating different scenarios, which are considered in the incorporation of Figure 3; and

Figure 5 - is a flowchart illustrating the algorithm implemented in the mobile terminal in Figure 3.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Figure 1 shows schematically two exemplary mobile phones 1, 2, which are able to initiate data transfer according to the invention.

Each of the mobile phones 1, 2 comprises a graphic display 11, 21 and other components of the conventional mobile phones (not shown). Mobile phones 1, 2 also comprise respective proximity sensors 12, 22, and a start button 13, 23. In addition, each mobile phone 1, 2 comprises an interface 14, 24 for establishing a local wireless link for some other mobile phone. Finally, both mobile phones 1, 2 comprise a processing part, which is not shown in Figure 1.

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The activation of a data transfer between two mobile phones 1, 2 will be explained with reference to Figure 2. Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating on the left side the processing in the processing part of the first mobile phone 1 and on the right side the processing in the processing part of the second mobile phone 2. The described processing part on both mobile phones 1, 2 is exactly the same.

In case the user of the first mobile phone 1 wishes to transfer an image, which is currently displayed on the graphic display 11 of his / her mobile phone 1, to the graphic display 21 of the second mobile phone 2, users of both mobile phones 1, 2 press the respective start buttons 12, 22 on their phones 1, 2. As a result, the selective call mode is entered by both mobile phones 1, 2. When entering the selective call mode, it can be registered inside the phones by the “ENTRAR_NO_MODO_DE_CHAMADA_SELETIVA” indicator.

When the polling mode is entered, the polling channel is activated as a wireless local link with a very low bandwidth. The polling channel is activated more specifically as a Bluetooth ™ link through interfaces 14, 24.

When the selective call mode is entered, proximity sensors 12, 22 are switched on both mobile phones 1, 2. Each of the proximity sensors checks whether any objects are detected in the vicinity.

In case the proximity sensor 12, 22 of one of the mobile phones 1, 2 detects an object in its vicinity, this mobile phone 1, 2 transmits a proximity indicator in the selective call channel, which is recorded in the transmission phone 1, 2 by the indicator “ENVIARDADOSDECHAMADASELETIVA”.

At the same time, mobile phones 1, 2 hear the selective call channel.

In the case of mobile phone 1, 2, which transmitted a proximity indicator on the selective call channel, does not receive the corresponding proximity indicator from another mobile phone 2, 1 on the selective call channel, it checks whether the meter on the mobile phone 1, 2 indicates the expiration time. As long as no expiration time is indicated, a loop is entered, in which the proximity indicator is

15/27 transmitted again by mobile phone 1, 2 and in which mobile phone 1, 2 continues to hear the selective call channel. When the expiration time is indicated, in contrast, the selective call mode is left by the mobile phone 1, 2, which is recorded on the mobile phone 1, 2 with the indicator “DEIXAR_MODO_DE_CHAMADA_SELETIVA”.

In the case of mobile phone 1, 2, which transmitted a proximity indicator on the selective call channel, receiving a corresponding proximity indicator from another mobile phone 2, 1 while listening to the selective call channel, obviously the other mobile phone 2, 1, which has entered polling mode is present. The reception of the proximity indicator is recorded on the mobile phone 1, 2 with an indicator “RECEBERDADOSDECHAMADASELETIVA”.

Then, a decision stage is entered, in which the mobile phone 1, 2 that received the proximity indicator performs the reasoning of whether or not the other mobile phone 2, 1, detected is basically in physical contact with the mobile phone 1 , 2 that received the proximity indicator. At the decision stage, one or more conditions can be verified for this purpose.

For example, in the case of mobile phone 1, 2 receiving the proximity indicator from another mobile phone 2, 1 basically at the same time in which its own proximity sensor detects an object in the vicinity and transmits the first proximity indicator in the communication channel. selective call, it can be assumed that mobile phone 1, 2 has been brought into physical contact with another mobile phone 2, 1, that is, that the conference state is determined. Also, all proximity indicators can be transmitted with a specified intensity, and a conference state can then be assumed to be determined by the mobile phone 1, 2 in case the proximity indicator of another mobile phone 2, 1 is received basically with the specified intensity.

In the case of mobile phone 1, 2 concludes at the decision stage that no conference state is determined, the polling channel is closed and the polling mode is left, which is recorded on the mobile phone 1, 2 with the indicator “LEAVE THE ELECTRONIC KEYS”. Also, the entire procedure is completed, until the user presses the respective start button 13, 23 again.

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Also, in case the conference status is assumed to be determined, the selective call channel is closed and the selective call mode is left, which is also recorded on the mobile phone 1, 2 with the indicator “LEAVEODODECHAMADASELETIVA”. Instead, however, the data transfer mode is entered, which is recorded on the mobile phone 1, 2 with the indicator “ENTRAR_NO_MODO_DE_TRANSFERÊNCIA”.

When the data transfer mode is entered, the data transfer channel is activated as a wireless local link with a higher bandwidth. The data transfer channel is also activated as a Bluetooth ™ link through interfaces 14, 24 of mobile phones 1, 2.

The activated data transfer channel is then used to automatically transfer these objects, which are currently shown on the graphic display 11 of the first mobile phone 1 and for which a dedicated indicator "ENABLE TRANSFER BY CONFERENCE" set to ON is associated with the display. graph 21 of the second mobile phone 2.

Users of the two mobile phones 1, 2 then get the impression that they have transferred an image directly from the display 11 to the other display 21 simply by touching the mobile phones 1, 2 together. Consequently, the proposed start of transmission implies an interesting psychological rotation, and can be considered to constitute an “attractive” feature of the mobile phone by certain groups of users.

The transmission of the object's data through the data transfer channel is recorded on the first mobile phone 1 with the indicator “SENDED”, while the reception of the object's data through the data transfer channel is recorded on the second mobile phone 2 with the “RECEBER_DADOS” indicator.

When the transmission is finished, the data transfer channel is closed and the data transfer mode is left, which is recorded on mobile phones 1, 2 with an indicator “LEAVE METHOD OF TRANSFER”. In this way, the entire procedure is completed, until the user presses the respective start button 13, 23 again.

It is understood that any other type of data could be transferred from the

17/27 same way between two mobile phones, as long as the data to be transferred can be uniquely identified. Examples are audio signals, which are currently being produced, or data whose fingerprints or hyperlinks appear on the screen.

In general, it becomes apparent that the exemplary embodiment shown of the invention particularly enables user-friendly transfer of objects from one mobile phone to another. The same could be applied only to transfer data in a normal way through the established data transfer channel, for example, by establishing the data transfer channel as a Bluetooth ™ data transfer channel using Bluetooth ™ protocols.

In the following, a central algorithm will be described, which enables the use of multiple sensors operating by different principles to detect the conference state.

Figure 3 is a block diagram of the mobile terminal 3, in which the algorithm is implemented in program 30.

The mobile terminal 3 comprises a processing component 31 for running program 30, a proximity detection component 32, a deceleration detection component 33, a contact detection component 34 and a start button 35. In addition, the mobile terminal 3 comprises an IF interface 36 to establish the local wireless link to some other mobile terminal. Mobile terminal 3 also comprises other components known to conventional mobile terminals (not shown).

And to be understood that the function of the described proximity detection component 32, the described deceleration detection component 33 and the described contact detection component 34 can be performed in various constellations by a plurality of sensors. The function of some of the detection components described

32, 33 and 34 can also be performed by more than one sensor.

The proximity of the mobile terminal 3 to some other object can be detected, for example, very well by the RFID sensor or an optical-electronic proximity sensor, and well by an electrostatic contact meter. The deceleration of the mobile terminal 3 can be detected very well by an acceleration meter and poorly by an RFID sensor or an optical-electronic proximity sensor. The contact of the mobile terminal 3

18/27 can be detected by means of an audio sensor or by means of an electrostatic contact meter, and poorly by an RFID sensor.

The user can activate the conference detection mode of the mobile terminal 3 by pressing the start button 35. The conference detection mode can then be activated for a specific period of time, for example, for one minute. Alternatively, the conference detection mode could be active at all times. In practice, however, this implies a higher energy consumption and a worse usage characteristic. In addition, alternatively, the conference detection mode could also be automatically activated by an application, for example, for a specified amount of time or for the duration of the application.

During the conference detection mode, each of the sensors employed monitors the situation with a low frequency, for example, every 0.5 seconds. Each sensor decides whether the “conference” can be assumed to have occurred based on the parameters that it is able to measure for an instant of time. Each sensor provides its decision for the processing component 30. For example, an acceleration sensor can return a “suspicious conference” indication if the detected acceleration profile matches the profile that would be expected in the case of the conference. The program 30 run by the processing component 31 then decides for each instant of time based on the indications received from all sensors if the conference status has been entered.

For each instant of time, there are four possible scenarios, which are also summarized in the table in Figure 4. In this table, the parameter S indicates the user's true action, with S = 0 representing no real “conference” and S = 1 a Real “conference”. The parameter D indicates the decision made by program 30, with D = 0 representing no assumed "conference" and D = 1 representing the assumed "conference".

In a scenario of true positives (TP, True Positives), mobile terminals have “conference”, that is, D = 1, and the system correctly detects that the conference state has been entered, that is, S = 1. True positives are desirable.

In a scenario of false negatives (FN, False Negatives), mobile terminals

19/27 have “conference”, that is to say D = 1, but the system does not recognize the conference status, that is, S = 1. False negatives are highly undesirable.

In the scenario of true negatives (TN, True Negatives), no “conference” occurred, that is to say D = 0, and the system detects this correctly, that is, S = 0. This case is desirable, and should be maximized.

In a false positive scenario (FP, False Positive), no “conference” occurred, that is, D = 0, but the system believes that one occurred, that is, S = 1. The number of false positives can be allowed to be relatively large, in order to enable the monitoring of the sensors, as will also be explained below.

The probability S (l) = FN + TP that the conference state is entered in a given time interval is expected to be quite small, since the conference state should be entered only to occur once per time series. . The probability S (0) = TN + FP that the conference state is not entered within a certain time interval is expected to correspond correspondingly to be close to 1.

Figure 5 is a schematic flowchart of the algorithm performed by the program 30.

The number of sensors carrying out the detection components 32, 33, 34 is referenced with NS, and the decision for a particular sensor i for a specific time is referenced with M_i. M_i = l indicating that sensor i assumes the occurrence of a "conference", while M_i = 0 indicates that sensor i assumes no occurrence of "conference".

In the simplest incorporation of the algorithm, the final decision could be made by adding the M_i decisions of all sensors and establishing D = 1 when this sum exceeds a predefined threshold value. In the described embodiment, however, the algorithm first evaluates for each instant of time the decision M i of each sensor i, with i = l for NS, and only then combines the decisions of the selected sensors.

In many cases, a sensor can systematically provide different results than other sensors. The erroneous scenario that can be more easily recognized is the FP. False positives are not so critical. If the system is set up to fire, it means that it results in a relatively high number of FPs, the number of FPs

20/27 can be evaluated to detect irregular sensor operation.

If the expected frequency of FPs for sensor i is FPOi, and if the frequency of FPs is much lower than FPO_i, for a particular sensor i, it is possible that the sensor is broken or that it is in a mode in which it can't measure exactly. In this case, the M_i decisions provided by this sensor i should not be considered for the final decision D. Similarly, if the frequency of FPs is much higher than FPO_i for a particular sensor i, the sensor may be in abnormal mode and the decisions provided should not be considered by final decision D.

In order to detect the irregular mode, the floating sum of the measurements can be monitored separately for each sensor for several instances of time. That is, the algorithm receives from each sensor i decision M_i for the new time and calculates the FSOMAi floating summation on the last NM decisions by sensor i, with i = l paraNS.

If the floating summation FSOMAi is outside the predetermined range around the expected frequency FPO i, the decisions of sensor i are excluded from determining the final decision D, and the NS value is decreased by one for this determination. No other exchange is necessary.

Advantageously, a separate evaluation of the outputs M i of an excluded sensor i is not stopped. As soon as the FSOMAJ floating summation for sensor i is detected to fall within the predetermined range again, sensor i can be allowed to return to the measurement loop.

In other processing, it is more important to help minimize false negatives. False negatives should, in principle, never occur, as this means that the system has not detected the “conference” that has occurred.

Because of the different sensitivities of the sensors employed and because of the need to minimize the FN, the measurements Mi of the different sensors i are weighted by different predetermined empirical factors a_i. Calibration is best done so that the probability of a false negative is the same for every sensor. This predefined small probability is referenced with KFN. In this way, sensors can be added or deleted without the need to re-calibrate the entire system, for example due to FPs

21/27 exceed the pre-defined limits as described above.

Calibration measurements can be performed differently for each sensor. Only one specification is that the calibration measurements produce the average probability of a false negative FN_i for sensor i and the average probability of a false negative FPOi for sensor i, the latter being used to monitor the respective sensor i as described above. Then, the weighting a_i which is to be used to calibrate the output of sensor i can be determined for example to be a_i = KFN / FN_i.

For example, the weighting value a_i for a particular sensor i can be derived by evaluating the probability of FN_i for this sensor as follows:

M_i (1) = S (1) * TP_i + S (0) * FP_i e

M_i (0) = S (0) * TN_i + S (1) * FN_i, where M i (1) is the probability of M_i = 1 and where M i (0) is the probability of M_i = 0.

Thus, FN_i can be determined as:

FN_i = [M_i (0) - S (0) * TP_i] S (1).

Next, the weighting ai is introduced into the term on the right side of the preceding equation, and the resulting term is established for KFN:

[a_i * M_i (0) - S (0) * TP_i] / S (1) = = = KFN

Thus, the weighting ai can be determined as, ai = [KFN * S (1) + S (0) * TP_i] / M_i (0)

Once the M_i decisions of the considered sensors have been calibrated, they are added up, resulting in the summation sumM = sum (a_i * M_i). Due to calibration, all terms in the summation have an equal KFN production probability. Consequently, the trigger point for the detection of the conference state, that is D = 1, can be defined as:

somaM / NS&gt; K, where K is a predefined constant.

If the “conference” is detected by the algorithm, that is, if D = 1, the data transfer channel is established as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2 via interface 36. Otherwise, monitoring is continued as long as the conference detection mode is active.

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The proposed algorithm has the advantage that it requires minimal processing power and very little overhead. In addition, false positive tracking allows you to monitor individual sensors in a particularly simple way. The presented formalism also enables the individual sensors to be cut off temporarily without having to re-calibrate the other sensors.

It must be noted that additional restrictions can be added to improve the accuracy of the system. It is a useful additional constraint, for example, to demand that the sum of all required components of the "conference", called proximity, deceleration and the contact detection components 32, 33, 34 also exceed the threshold. Thus, for example, an acceleration meter only contributes to the detection of deceleration, the audio click contributes only to the detection of contact, and the optical-electronic sensor contributes to everyone. It may also be a specification that measurements for all three types of detection are present before the conference state is assumed to be detected. However, since this can result in an increase in false negatives, this limit constraint should be used with care and be secondary to the main algorithm.

In the embodiment shown, the values ​​of M_i are interleaved values. In an alternative embodiment, the values ​​of M_i can also be “vague”, for example between 0 and 1, and corresponding for example the probability that the “conference” has occurred. Otherwise, the procedure is the same as described above. That is, the sum on the products a_i * M_i is calculated, and D set to '1', if the sum divided by NS exceeds the predefined threshold value K. The values ​​of a_i can be determined from the measurements as described above. This approach has the problem, although the results of different sensors may not be compatible, and therefore the interpretation of the results is complicated. In practice, the sensor outputs must be cross-calibrated. The fall of one of the sensors is also not as trivial as in the case of interleaved values. The sumM calculation may require additional parameters for the a_i weights, that is, the values ​​of ai may change depending on the configuration of the sensors that are active.

A given sensor can have different sensitivities in the directions (x, y, z), which are coordinates fixed in the mobile terminal 3. On the other hand, the “conference” is

23/27 probably to be measured only in the direction of an axis, for example, in the x-direction.

In this case, it is better to separate each sensor into two or three “virtual” sensors, each with its own FN_i measurements. In general these could be referenced with (MX, MY,

MZ). If the direction of the conference is always known, measurements in parallel and perpendicular (MP, MR) are sufficient.

If one or more of the sensors employed is capable of measuring the intensity of a stroke, then they should be enabled to resume an indicator, whenever they detect that the intensity of the stroke exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The system is then to be temporarily deactivated, for example, for a few cycles, and / or a warning signal is given to the user. Possible sensors of this type include acceleration sensors, which are highly sensitive, and possibly audio sensors, which are not sensitive. In practice, the sensor outputs should also be weighted for this purpose, so that a less reliable sensor is not able to trigger this state on its own.

To evaluate the presented algorithm, an analysis has been performed using preliminary data for some individual sensors, more specifically a camera sensor, an audio sensor, other optical-electronic sensors, a proximity meter and other types of sensors. Preliminary results suggest that the “conference” is performed in perhaps 0.5 sec. Thus, the 2 Hz sampling rate may be sufficient for the entire system, even though the individual sensors may require much faster sampling rates. In order to simulate a real "conference", data from different "conferences" are used. The data is scaled as soon as the “conference” occurs in approximately 3.5s, +/- 0.5s, so that D = 1 is established in time instances of 7 and 8.

In a camera sensor like the first sensor using a sampling rate of 2Hz, any wide gradient establishes the indicator. The output of this sensor from the camera can be [0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 ...].

In the audio data, the "conference" is characterized by clicks having a maximum length of a few 100 ms, with different profiles than the smallest strokes. The output of an audio sensor can be [0 000001 10000],

24/27

Another camera based on optical-electronic sensors can have much worse accuracy. In the output for this, the sensor can have [0 010001 1 10000 ....].

The traditional proximity meter, such as an RFID sensor, would be highly likely to give more accurate results, for example [0 00000 1 1 00 ...].

Other types of sensors can produce a greater number of false positives, for example [111001100111 ...].

First, an unweighted sum over the measurements of different sensors at each time point is determined.

<td>Camera:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Audio:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>“Optical”:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Next:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> 1 1</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Others:</td><td>[1 i</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 0 1</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 0 1</td><td> 1 1</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Sum:</td><td>[1 i</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 1 2</td><td> 5 4</td><td> 22</td><td> 1 1</td><td> ...]</td>

The trigger for D = 1 is set to 3 for each instant of time. 10 Thus, the conference detection is triggered at T = 7 and 8, and there are no false positives.

However, the probability of an FN is quite high, if at least two of the sensors have a very high probability of an FN.

In addition, the sensor outputs are now weighted according to the presented algorithm, assuming that the probability of an FN is less than that of the traditional proximity meter, for example, 0.1%. In general, the associated probabilities and weights could be:

Camera: FN probability 0. 25% - -&gt; weighting 4 Audio: FN probability 0. 2% - -&gt; weighting 5 Optical, FN probability 1% - -&gt; weighting 1

Prox: probability FN 0. 1% - -&gt; weighting 10

Others: probability FN 0. 25% - -&gt; weighting 8

The resulting sensor outputs calibrated a_i * M_i and the corresponding sum are shown below.

Camera: [0 0 00 444 444 00 ...]

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<td>Audio:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>“Optical”:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 1 0</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Next:</td><td> [0 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td colspan="2"> 1 0 10</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Others:</td><td> [8 8</td><td> 80</td><td> 0</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 0</td><td> 08</td><td> 8 8</td><td> ...]</td>

<td>Sum.</td><td> [8 8</td><td> 90</td><td colspan="2"> 4 12</td><td> 28</td><td> 20</td><td> 5 12</td><td> 8 8</td><td> ...]</td>

A suitable trigger point can then be for example 12, which ensures that two reliable sensors are sufficient to trigger. Thus, in the example above, the “conference” detection is triggered at T = 6, 7, 8 and 10. That is, more false positives are launched, but the probability of a false negative is very low.

In another embodiment, which allows the establishment of a data transfer channel in the detection of a remote conference state, it will also be described with reference to the mobile terminal 3 described in Figure 3.

Users of two mobile terminals, for example on opposite sides of a large table, agree to initiate communication between their mobile terminals 3 through a “remote conference”.

In order to enable “remote conference”, both users press the dedicated button 35 on their respective handset 3, or they perform a corresponding pre-defined temporary action. Again, the conference detection mode could, for example, also be automatically activated by an application for a specified amount of time or for the duration of the application.

If button 35 is also provided to enable the entry of the close proximity conference state, the button 35 can be pressed for example once to enable the entry of the near proximity conference state and twice to enable the entry into the proximity state. remote conference. The specification of enabling users to enter the remote conference state is highly recommended, since on the other hand the user can initiate communication so easily by accident. All sensors provided for the detection of the conference status are then switched or kept switched, except for these proximity sensors that depend on the proximity of another mobile terminal, mainly an RFID sensor, which is deactivated or kept deactivated. Proximity sensors in general can be switched or maintained

26/27 switched. Alternatively, the signals provided by the proximity sensors that depend on the proximity of another mobile terminal could be blocked by the program 30 in the processing component 31, which receives the signals from all sensors as described with reference to Figure 3.

Both users then tap their terminals 3, for example, on the table. This remote “conference” is detected by the sensors when detecting the proximity of the respective mobile terminal 3 to any surface and when detecting a knock, for example by means of an acceleration sensor, an audio based sensor, an optical based sensor, or some other suitable sensor.

In addition to the circumstance that the signals from some sensors are not considered at first, thus the same algorithm can be used to detect the remote conference state as described with reference to Figures 3 to 5.

If the detection of the conference state and the possibility of establishing the data transfer channel when the conference state has been detected is already implemented in the mobile terminal, the option to enter the remote conference state does not require extra overhead and only small changes.

The option to enter the remote conference state provides a new utility for mobile terminals. This allows, for example, to perform the “conference” through windows. This is of particular interest in a car model. In addition, this allows the user to initiate communication without requiring the user to take the handset out of his pocket, for example in the case of tapping control with tactile feedback. Also, the option to enter the remote conference state enables communication in the room environment, in which it is difficult to bring two mobile terminals in close proximity, for example at a conference table. In addition, it enables selective data transfer in a group. The “remote conference” could be used, for example, to collect votes, to send the calendar data only to those to whom the crash of your mobile terminal occurred, etc.

The person who is enabling data transfer to other terminals can also receive a list of target terminals and choose to deselect one or more terminals from the list. This should be done at the application level.

Since some sensors are removed from comparison, which state

27/27 close proximity conference is to be enabled, energy consumption may even be lower.

While the new features of the invention have been presented, described and pointed out as applied to a preferred embodiment of this, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form and details of the devices and methods described can be seen by the technician without leaving the inventive concept of invention. For example, it is expressly understood that all combinations of these elements and / or steps of the method that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way achieve the same results that are within the scope of the invention. In addition, it should be recognized that the structures and / or elements and / or method steps presented and / or described in conference with any described form or embodiment of the invention can be incorporated into any other form or embodiment described or suggested as a subject general project choice. The invention, therefore, will be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims attached to it.

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