Guiding device for fitting the drill in hole drilling in bones

The invention relates to a guiding device for placing the drill when drilling holes in bones, which will find application in medicine, in particular in orthopedic traumatology in osteosynthesis of tubular bones.

A guiding device for placing a drill bit when drilling holes in bones is known, which is a guiding sleeve with a handle. The guiding sleeve is shaped with a conical lower end.

A disadvantage of the known device is that its design does not allow drilling holes perpendicular to the surface of the bone, due to the unstable positioning of the guide sleeve during its sequential placement in the holes of the osteosynthesis plate.

A guiding device for placing the drill when drilling holes in bones is known, consisting of two arms in which guiding holes are formed. The arms are thickened in the areas around the holes and are mounted in opposite holes of a telescopic connector connected by a bolt with a scale for adjusting the distance between the arms.

A disadvantage of this known device is that its design does not allow for alignment of the guide holes with the anatomical curves of the bones, since the thickenings cannot fit tightly to the bone. This leads to instability of the device during operation and disruption of the perpendicularity of the axes of the drilled holes to the bone surface. As a result of these inaccuracies, it is impossible to correctly axially insert and tighten the bone screws in the osteosynthesis plate, which implies incorrect reposition of the bone fragments and worsened conditions for their fusion. Another disadvantage is that due to the desire of the arms to follow the anatomical shape of the bone, real conditions are created for their wedging in the telescopic connector due to the lack of a guiding element in it. During operation, the device covers a large part of the operative field, making it unusable in transverse fractures.

A device for guiding a drill bit when drilling holes is known, consisting of a housing with holes formed therein, in which guide sleeves are mounted. The housing is shaped like a plate /1/.

This device cannot be used to drill holes in bones, as its design does not allow for reliable attachment and tight fit of the guide sleeves to the bone during drilling, which is why correct placement of the holes relative to the bone surface cannot be achieved. Another disadvantage is that because the housing is a monolithic plate, the distance between the holes is constant and it cannot have universal application with respect to the type of fractures and the shape and size of the bones.

The task of the invention is to create a guiding device for placing the drill when drilling holes in bones, which ensures perpendicularity of the axes of the drilled holes to the surface of the bone and is universal in its application for various fractures.

The problem is solved by a guide device for placing the drill when drilling holes in bones, consisting of a housing with holes in which guide sleeves are installed. According to the invention, the housing is composed of two flat parts, movably connected by pins and a screw, and sleeves for installing fixing devices are installed in threaded holes of the housing.

The advantages of the device according to the invention are that the two-part construction of the housing allows adjusting the distance between the holes with the help of the screw and pins, which makes it universal for its application in various types of fractures. The presence of sleeves for mounting fixing devices allows reliable fixation of the device by means of fixing clamps to the bone during drilling.

An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the attached figures, of which:

Figure 1 is a general view of the device with a partial longitudinal section;

Figure 2 - top view of the device.

The guiding device according to the invention consists of a housing 1 formed of two flat parts, in which supports are made. In the holes, guide sleeves 2 and sleeves 3 for mounting fixing devices are mounted by means of a threaded connection. At the lower end, the guide sleeves 2 have cutters 4. The two flat parts of the housing 1 are 5 movably connected by means of pins 5, fixedly attached to the front of one of the flat parts. The pins 5 are in interaction with holes formed in the front surface of the other of the flat parts of the housing 1. The distance between the two flat parts is regulated by a screw 6 with a knurled middle part.

The device according to the invention is operated in the following way. The housing 1 together with the guide sleeves 2 and the sleeves 3 is placed on the broken bone. The guide sleeves 2 are screwed in so that each of them touches the bone with its cutting edges 4. The distance between the two flat parts of the housing 1 is adjusted using the screw 6 with a knurled middle part. In this case, a release with moderate compression of the bone fragments is achieved. The guiding device is fixed to the bone with the help of clamps, clamped in the sleeves 3. The drill of the drilling device is sequentially placed in the holes of the guiding sleeves 2 and the holes are drilled in the bone fragments. After completing the manipulation, the clamps are removed, after which the device itself is removed.