Cable with coating of a composite material

Cable (1, 11) comprising at least one electrical conductor (2, 12) and at least one coating layer (3, 14) on the basis of a composite material comprising: - at least one polymer containing a predetermined quantity polar groups; and - at least one inorganic material with lamellar structure, surface treated with the predetermined quantity of a compatibilizer; the compatibilizer being selected from the quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts of general formula (I): ** (Omitted) ** in which: - Y represents N or P; - R1 R2, R3 and R4, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group C1-C20 linear or branched; an alkenyl or hydroxyalkenyl group C1-C20 linear or branched, -R5-SH or one group -R5-NH wherein R5 represents a C1-C20 alkylene group, linear or branched C6-C18 aryl group; arylalkyl or alkylaryl group one C7-C20; a cycloalkyl C5-C18, cycloalkyl said possibly containing a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur group; - Xn represents an anion such as chloride ion, the sulfate ion or ion phosphate; - N represents 1, 2 or 3; in which said predetermined quantity of polar groups and said predetermined quantity of compatibilizer are selected so that said inorganic material exhibits, in the composite material, a value space d on the analysis of X-ray diffraction at least 20% higher with respect to the d-spacing value of the inorganic material as such, wherein the at least one polymer is selected from polymers of low polarity having a content of hetero atoms between 0.5 wt% and 7% by weight relative to the weight of polymer, and at least one inorganic material with lamellar structure selected from the inorganic materials with lamellar structure of low polarity obtained by surface treatment with a predetermined quantity of a compatibilizer having general formula (I) wherein at least two of the substituents R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent an alkyl group C4-C20 linear or branched, said quantity being between 125 meq and 200 meq per 100 g of inorganic material with lamellar structure, or at least one polymer is selected from polymers medium polarity having a content of hetero atoms between 7 and 32% by weight, and at least one inorganic material with lamellar structure is selected from the inorganic materials with lamellar structure of medium polarity obtained by surface treatment with a predetermined amount of an agent compatibilizer of general formula (I) wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 substituents, represents an alkyl hydroxyalkyl C4-C20 linear or branched group or -R5-SH or -R5-NH group or the R5 represents an alkylene group C4-C20 linear or branched, said quantity being between 95 meq and 125 meq per 100 g of inorganic material with lamellar structure, or at least one polymer is selected from polymers of high polarity having a content of heteroatoms from 32 to 50% by weight, and at least one inorganic material with lamellar structure is selected from the inorganic materials with lamellar structure of high polarity obtained by surface treatment with a predetermined quantity of a compatibilizer having general formula (I) wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 substituents, it represents an alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl C4-C20 linear or branched alkenyl group or hydroxyalkenyl C4-C20 linear or branched, or -R-5SH group or -R5-NH wherein R5 represents a C4-C20 alkylene group linear or branched, said amount between 20 meq and 95 meq per 100 g being inorganic material with lamellar structure.