Installation for generating wind power with a vertical axle and support surface sections, incorporates tower supporting U-shaped two- or three-blade rotor on pivot bearing with supporting controlled swivel rotating blades

The invention relates to a wind power plant with a vertical axis and airfoils with airfoil profiles rotating around this, parallel or at an angle to the vertical axis, the airfoils being connected to the rotor hub by means of carrier arms and with or without an intermediate gear a generator for mains supply or a pump, etc. is driven and the whole system is located on a tower, which optionally also has a restaurant, observation tower or the like.

DE 298 08 047 1) (BROSOWITSCH) already points out that vertical axis wind power plants with controllable, aerodynamic airfoil profiles have a higher power factor than conventional propeller or repeller wind power plants. GB 2 008 202 A and EP 0 021 790 A1 also describe a wind power installation with a vertical axis and pivotable wings. However, the disadvantage of all of these designs is that it is difficult to always pivot the entire wing, which is why it is proposed according to the invention that the vertical or inclined wings have a rigid wing portion in relation to the support arms and a respectively adjoining wing. has a wing portion that can be pivoted parallel to or in the longitudinal axis of the wing (whereby the ratio h1: (h-h1) from the rigid to the pivotable wing portion is arbitrary) and the wings point upwards or downwards in relation to the horizontal support arms, or from rigid wing portion up and down about their longitudinal axis pivotable hydrofoil are provided.

The advantages of the system according to DE 298 08 047 U are thus retained, in particular with regard to speed control, start-up behavior, etc., but the construction becomes simpler since, for example, only half or a third of the wing length can be pivoted. The forces that occur are also easier to control in this context.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, care is taken that the least possible bending loads occur in the wing, which is achieved in that the wings are connected, for example, with their upper end to the support arms, for example also pendulum or inclined and only one in the lower area Have support structure. Furthermore, it is proposed to provide only a single radial support arm per wing, which also consists of a wing profile. Thus, the construction becomes simpler and cheaper.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of drawings:

Fig. 1-Fig. 3 show sketches for calculating the optimal wing division.

Fig. 4 shows a two-blade wind turbine in side view.

FIG. 5 shows section AB from FIG. 4.

6 shows the section CD through the wing of FIG. 4.

7 shows a side view of a wind turbine with a stiffening bracket.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show a mechanism for the wing adjustment.

Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 a hydrofoil construction.

12 shows a wind turbine with inclined airfoil profiles.

13 and 14 show folding mechanisms for the storm position.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show another wing rotating mechanism.

17 shows an oblique view from above of a three-blade wind turbine.

18 shows a two-blade wind turbine with cable struts.

Fig. 19 shows a wind turbine with curved support arms and inclined blades.

Fig. 20 shows a wind power plant with truss arms and adjustable blades above and below the truss.

Fig. 21 shows a further variant with upwardly positioned wind blades and a trapezoidal tower.

In Fig. 1, the dimensions R (support arm) and h (wing length) of a vertical axis wind turbine are shown. If one assumes that the support arms and wings have an approximately equally complex (in production) wing profile, the optimal wing division can be calculated by making the area A * = Rh, for a given profile length Lges = R + h, a maximum . According to the differential equation, this is the case when R = h. Of course, the area exposed to the flow remains the same if - as shown in FIG. 2 - the wing is moved upwards with the height h. In Fig. 3, a further optimization with regard to the increase in the inflow area (as a measure of the power of the wind turbine) is shown when the blades are arranged obliquely at the angle α on the support arms. If the wing lengths R + h are otherwise the same, the result is

AT 412 010 B largest possible inflow area after formation of a differential equation, if the angle α = 12.9 °, if R = h. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with a U-shaped rotor -45a-, in which the wings -4,5- are perpendicular to the bottom. Rigid wings -4,5 are provided on two support arms -2,3- and wings -6,7 are arranged on these about a vertical axis -8- or -9-. The rotor -45a- is rotatably mounted on a bearing -10- and operates a so-called. Ring generator -11-, which does not require a gear, but has to have a larger diameter in order to achieve a certain relative speed between the stationary and rotating part of the generator -11-. The advantage of the ring generator -11- is that it is quiet because it does not require a gearbox. In particular when a restaurant -12-, a viewing point or the like is provided, as shown in FIG. 4, a ring generator -11- is suitable. The wind turbine rests on a column -1-, for example designed as a concrete or steel pipe, where -1a- represents the foundation. The ratio of the pivoting wing section -6.7- to the rigid wing section -4.5- is h1: (h-h1) and can be selected as required. Fig. 5 shows a section AB with the representation of the wing position and the speeds on the wings -4,5,6,7-. The wind speed w in front of the wind turbine is added geometrically with the circumferential speed u to give the resulting flow velocity vr. This creates lift A. On the rear side of the wind turbine, energy is extracted again from the wind, with the lower wind speed w there¹ occurs, which also adds geometrically to the circumferential speed u of the resultant νϋ and generates the lift A '. The pivoting movement of the blades -6,7- is controlled in such a way that a positive torque is generated at every point of the revolution, with the exception of the tangents of the revolution circle with respect to the wind direction. The rigid wing parts -4,5- are always tangential to the rotor circle with their chord, or at a small positive angle of attack, since more energy is withdrawn from the wind in the front area (semicircle) than in the rear semicircle when viewed in the direction of the wind. The control takes place hydraulically, mechanically or electrically, or in a combination of several types of control, whereby a computer program depends on the wind speed, wind direction, speed, etc. the currently required swivel angle ß is constantly determined. Fig. 6 shows a section through the support arms -2,3-, showing that these are also designed as aerodynamic profiles. The support arms -2,3- can also optionally have controlled swivel flaps -2a, 3a- on the circumference in order to additionally relieve the support arms -2,3-.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the rigid wings -4,5- and the support arms -2,3- are supported by a bracket -15-. The ring generator -11- is arranged above the pivot bearing -10-. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 describe an example of an embodiment of the adjustment mechanism of the wings -6,7-, by means of a hydraulic cylinder -19-, which via a lever -18- pivots a shaft or tube -9-, which with the adjustable wing portion -7 or -6- is firmly connected. The tube -9- is pivotably mounted by means of the bearings -16,17- and at the same time must be made so stable that it can absorb all of the forces acting on the wing -7-. The hydraulic cylinder -19- has a position measuring device.

Figures 10 and 11 show wing constructions. For example, the horizontally lying support arms -2,3- can be designed according to FIG. A trapezoidal or wave-shaped folded sheet metal - hip outer skin - riveted or welded or screwed -23-. a tube -21- is used as the profile nose. This creates a very stable profile with the lowest possible weight. Steel, aluminum or plastic can be used as the material. Since the profiles are not twisted (as with the propeller wind turbine), they can be produced economically. Fig. 11 shows a section through a rigid or pivotable wing -5,7-. Here, shaped tubes -24- of various dimensions are welded to one another and the profile skin -25- is bent and riveted onto it. A torsion tube -26- absorbs the torques and at the same time serves as reinforcement. The shaft -9- is located in the tube -26- and is rotatably mounted in it (rigid wing -5-) or firmly connected (swiveling wing -7-). 12 shows a two-blade wind power plant with inclined blades -8.9-, with blades -6, 6a, 7,7a that can be pivoted at the top and bottom of the rigid wing portion -8.9-. The bracket -27- is extended by the supports -26- and can have a circular arc shape, parabolic shape, etc. This bracket -27- is also designed as an aerodynamic profile and is reinforced by the support -28-. The restaurant -12- and the ring generator-11- are also shown,

Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show hydraulic adjustment mechanisms, the wings -5,7- means

AT 412 010 B

Hydraulic cylinders -30- can be brought into storm position -5 ', 7'-. The wing -5- can be pivoted through 90 ° via the joints -29- or -32- so that the wind is no longer exposed to any surface. 15 and 16 show a further hydraulic adjustment mechanism, a shaft -33- which is firmly connected to the wing -7- being pivoted by means of a torsion motor with gear -35-. The shaft -33- is supported in the bearings -34,35- so that the whole arrangement can be accommodated directly in the wings -4,5- to save space. 17 shows a wind power plant in a bird's eye view, with three downwardly curved support arms -2,3,3 in their extension having the pivotable wings -6,7,7a-. You can clearly see that the support arms -2,3, -3a- have the same, for example, symmetrical profile, the wings -4,5,5a, 6,7,7a-,

Fig. 18 shows a two-blade wind turbine in a bird's eye view, the pivotable wing portions -6,7- are tapered downwards. Ropes -36-, 37- with supports -38,39- take over part of the centrifugal forces and the torque. The support arms -2,3- change the profile direction in the center of the wind turbine, just like in the other representations. A wind vane and a wind speed measuring device -14- continuously transfer the current data to the processor control. Fig. 19th shows a wind power plant with curved support arms -2,3- and cable bracing -36,37-. In Fig. 20 a system with truss girders -42,43- is shown as support arms which are attached to a hub -44-. The rigid wing section -40.41- is also firmly connected to the truss -42.43-. Above and below the rigid wings -40,41- are the movable wing sections -6,6b, 7,7b-. This construction can, for example, have two, three or more leaves.

Fig. 21 shows a completely different construction in terms of tower construction and wing arrangement. On a trapezoidal tower -1b- is the U-shaped, two-winged (or three-winged) rotor with upwardly pointing wing profiles -47,48,49,50-, which connect to the support arms -45,46. The movable wing parts -49,50- are designed to taper upwards.

Struts -52,53- in the form of ropes or oval tubes stiffen the system. The support arms -45,46- are firmly connected to a middle part -54- which carries the pivot bearing, and also below, for example, a ring generator -11-. The restaurant -12a- is reached by an elevator -51-. This construction method can also be used for various leisure activities. E.g. bungee jumping with the rotor locked. Or wall-surfing with line protection, as well

Free-fall simulations on a sliding device on one of the steep side walls.

Only a few examples of the subject matter of the invention are thus described, with many other constructions still being conceivable within the scope of the concept of the invention. For example, two rotors -45a-, a smaller and a larger one, could rotate in opposite directions on the same axis in order to increase the energy yield or the relative speed. Or two U-rotors -45a- on the same axis in a mirror-inverted arrangement. Any number of blades can be selected, preference being given to the two- and three-blade rotors -45a-. The profile can be designed symmetrically or asymmetrically. With double-bladed rotors, the blades -4,5,47,48- are simply set in the direction of the wind and braked. With three-bladed rotors, it can make sense to fold in the blades -4,5,5a- radially. When taking off, the wing deflection ß will be correspondingly larger and will then automatically adapt to the circumstances. The rigid wing portion -4,5,5a, 47,48- will not make an optimal torque contribution at the beginning of the rotation, but this increases with increasing speed. Of course, instead of ring generators, asynchronous or synchronous generators with gears can be provided.