Coated substrate for transparent assembly with high selectivity

The invention relates to a coated substrate, in particular a coated transparent pane, which results in a layer arrangement with a high selectivity, ie a high ratio of light transmission to energy transmission

Layer arrangements with coated substrate wafers, which provide the arrangements with high selectivity, have found wide use for vehicle windows, in particular for motor vehicles and railroad cars. These areas of responsibility raise the contradicting requirements of ensuring adequate light transmission, which in many cases is stipulated by legal regulations, while at the same time protecting vehicle occupants from solar radiation. Desirably, the window also has a pleasant tint to the vehicle occupants and passers-by.

Several of the terms used for the properties of a coated substrate have precise meanings as defined by a particular standard. Those used here include the following, most of which are defined by the International Commission on Illumination - Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE).

In the present description two standard light sources are used: Illuminant C and Illuminant A, as defined by CIE, Illuminant C represents the average daylight with a color temperature of 6700 K. Illuminant A represents the radiation of a Planck radiator at a temperature of about 2856 K. This illuminant corresponds to the light emitted by vehicle headlights and is mainly used to determine the optical properties of glazing inserts for motor vehicles.

The term light transmission (TLA) as used herein is to be understood as defined by the CIE, namely the luminous flux transmitted through a substrate as a percentage of the luminous flux incident from illuminant A.

The term energy transmission (TE) as used herein is to be understood as defined by CIE, namely as the total energy transmitted directly through a substrate with no change in wavelength. It excludes the absorbed energy (AE), ie the energy that is absorbed by the substrate.

The term selectivity (SE) used here is the ratio of light transmission (TLA) to energy transmission (TE).

As used herein, color purity refers to the excitation purity as measured by illuminant C as defined in CIE International Lighting Vocabulary, 1987, pp. 87 and 89. The purity is specified according to a linear scale on which a defined white light source has a purity of zero and the pure color has a purity of 100%. For vehicle windows, the cleanliness of the coated substrate is measured from the side that is intended to form the outer surface of the window.

The dominant wavelength (λ₀) is the peak wavelength in the region that is transmitted or reflected by the coated substrate.

The terms refractive index and spectral absorption index are defined in the CIE International Lighting Vocabulary, 1987, pp. 127,138 and 139.

The substrate is mostly a vitreous material such as glass, but it can also be another transparent, rigid material such as polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.

For various reasons, many of which have to do with acoustical or thermal transmission or safety in the event of breakage, the assembly typically includes two or more laminated glass panes. A typical multilayer arrangement comprises, in the following order, a first layer of glass, a layer of transparent adhesive such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and a second layer of glass. The thickness of each glass layer is typically in the range 1.6 to 3 mm. The mean refractive index of the arrangement, disregarding the influence of the covering layers, is typically 1.5. The coating is usually applied to the inner surface (ie the surface in contact with the adhesive) of the disc which, in use, forms the outer disc of the assembly, but it can optionally be applied to the inner surface of the disc which, in use, forms the inner disc of the assembly.

A multilayer arrangement tends to have different optical properties compared to those of a single pane of glass. The differences mainly result from the use of several discs. Such are the properties that are required by one more

AT 408 981 B layered arrangement required and also provided, different from those of a single pane of glass. Care must therefore be taken in fabricating a multilayer assembly to properly select the appropriate materials, aspect ratios, and coatings to ensure that the desired properties are achieved.

For road vehicle windows, the legal requirement for light transmission (TLA) from windshields is at least 70% in the US and at least 75% in Europe. With respect to solar radiation, the total direct transmitted energy (TE) is desirably well below 50%. Another factor is the color shade of the coated substrate, which should appear appealing. A pink tint can be found attractive, and a green tint does so even more, which poses an additional problem in obtaining the desired color from the coating while maintaining the required high light transmission and low energy transmission.

The requirements for railway car windows are similar to the above, although not in every case as precisely regulated by law. Generally speaking, the need remains to keep light transmission high and energy transmission low.

For automotive applications, the purity of the reflected color is preferably low. It has been found that this is particularly difficult to achieve at the same time as having a high degree of light transmission and a low degree of energy transmission.

It has become increasingly common to apply multiple layers of coatings, known as a stack of layers, to glass panes in order to modify their transmission and reflection properties. Previous proposals have been made for metal and metal oxide layers in many different combinations to serve as a stack of layers with the aim of imparting selected properties to the glass. A recent combination of layers that has attracted attention has been the so-called five-layer stack, which typically comprises three layers of metal oxide deposited alternately with two layers of metal.

US Patent 4,965,121 relates to such a stack for automotive windshield glass and comprises, in order from the substrate: a first layer of dielectric material; a second layer of partially reflective metal material; a third layer of dielectric material; a fourth layer of partially reflective metal material; and a fifth layer of dielectric material. The dielectric material must have a refractive index of 1.7 to 2.7. The first and fifth layers have practically the same optical thickness, but make up 33 to 45% of the optical thickness of the third layer. The second and fourth layers have thicknesses within the range of 75 to 100% of each other. The claimed stack typically gives high light transmission and a practically neutral reflective color of visible light.

French patent FR 2 708 926 A1 similarly relates to a five-layer stack, in this case with the aim of providing vehicle or building glass with a combination of high selectivity, ie a ratio of light transmission to energy transmission as high as possible, while maintaining an attractive visual appearance in the reflection. It is sought to achieve this intended purpose by a stack comprising, in order from the substrate: a first layer of dielectric material; a first metal layer having infrared reflective properties; a second layer of dielectric material; a second metal layer having infrared reflective properties; and a third layer of dielectric material. The first infrared reflective layer has a thickness of 55 to 57% of the second infrared reflective layer.

From WO 90/05439 A1 a multi-layer structure of a glass pane has become known, in which at least two silver layers are embedded in dielectric material, the silver layers having a thickness between 8 and 18 nm, the outer layers of dielectric material a thickness of 20 to 50 nm and the intervening layer of dielectric material should have a layer thickness between 40 and 150 nm.

The object of the invention is to create a coated pane for use in a multilayer arrangement which is characterized by high light transmission and low energy transmission, has low energy absorption and low light reflection, has an attractive color shade and can be produced economically.

AT 408 981 B

It has now been found that the object can be achieved and the desired combination of optical and other advantageous properties can be achieved by a five-layer multilayer substrate in which the coating layers are formed from special materials within specific thickness ranges and with specific ratios in the corresponding thicknesses of certain layers, such as results from the subject matter of the present claims

According to the invention there is provided a coated disc for use in a multilayer arrangement with a high degree of light transmission and low energy transmission comprising a transparent substrate, the two layers of metal formed from silver or silver alloy and three layers of a transparent dielectric non-absorbing material in the following order from the substrate: Non-absorbent 1 / metal 1 / non-absorbent 2 / metal 2 / non-absorbent 3, the total geometric thickness of the metal layers being in the range from 16.5 to 22 nm, the optical thickness of the non-absorbent 1 layer being im Is in the range of 50 to 56 nm, the total optical thickness of the non-absorbent layers is in the range of 220 to 260 nm, and the thickness ratio of non-absorbent 2: non-absorbent 1 is in the range of 2.1: 1 to 2.8: 1.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a coated disk for use in a multilayer arrangement with a high degree of light transmission and a low energy transmission, in which two metal layers formed from silver or silver alloy and three layers made from a transparent dielectric non- absorbent material in the following order, starting from the substrate: Non-absorbent 1 / metal 1 / non-absorbent 2 / metal 2 / non-absorbent 3, the total geometric thickness of the metal layers being in the range from 16.5 to 22 nm, the optical thickness of the non-absorbent 1 layer is in the range of 50 to 56 nm, the total optical thickness of the non-absorbent layers is in the range of 220 to 260 nm, and the thickness ratio of non-absorbent 2: non-absorbent 1 is in the range of 2.1: 1 to 2.8: 1 .

Clear substrates coated according to the invention provide multilayer arrangements with the advantageous combination of light transmission of at least 75% and energy transmission of less than 42%. In fact, with certain types of clear glass substrate, the energy transmission can be reduced to less than 40% while maintaining the light transmission which is found to be better than 75%. Such transmission properties make the assemblies highly advantageous as vehicle windshields.

Another desirable quality for all glass assemblies used in vehicle windows is low energy absorption, which should be much lower than the assembly's energy transmission and reflection.

The multilayer arrangement according to the invention also causes an appealing tinted appearance in the reflection, ranging from pale pink at the lower end (2.10 to 2.40: 1) of the defined thickness ratio of non-absorbent 2: non-absorbent 1 to bluish at upper end (2.70 to 2.80: 1) is enough. Near the center of the range (2.45 to 2.65: 1) the tinted appearance is greenish provided that the thickness ratio of non-absorbent 3: non-absorbent 1 is in the range of 0.85 to 1.10: 1 . This requirement arises because the coloring is also influenced by the thickness ratio of non-absorbent 3: non-absorbent 1.

For a vehicle window of the type having a black serigraphy border, there is a tendency for a narrow pink band to appear in the reflection near the border. This band, which originates from light interference between the coating and the serigraphic border, can be prevented by increasing the oxide layer thickness by about 10%.

For a given value of the ratio non-absorbent 2: non-absorbent 1 within the central greenish zone (2.45 to 2.65: 1) and a given value of the ratio non-absorbent 3: non-absorbent 1 within the defined range (0.85 to 1.10: 1) the dominant wavelength of the multilayer arrangement increases, ie the color moves towards yellow as the thickness of the metal-1 layer increases to that of the metal-2 layer.

The invention thus provides the further advantage that the currently preferred green tint for vehicle windows is easy to achieve, while at the same time meeting the requirement for high light transmission and low energy transmission.

Although the use of clear substrate material is necessary to achieve the required euro4

AT 408 981 B pean values ​​of 75% light transmission for vehicle windshield devices, it is within the scope of the invention to use at least one substrate pane that is itself colored. For example, for the somewhat lower light transmission of 70%, as prescribed for windshields in the USA, arrangements according to the invention which contain at least one colored glass pane can lower the energy transmission to less than 37%. These arrangements are also well suited for use as road vehicle front windows. When used in road vehicle rear and rear windows, inventive arrangements including at least one colored pane of glass provide the combination of light transmission of at least 30% and energy transmission of less than 25%.

Arrangements according to the invention also offer low light reflection with a maximum reflection of 10% of the incident light. Such low levels of reflection are of particular benefit for both vehicles and architectural applications. High amounts of reflected light are objectionable to a viewer and, in the case of road vehicle windows, can pose a hazard to drivers of other vehicles.

In some cases, the coating is particularly conveniently applied during the glass formation step, for example onto a sheet of glass in or after a float glass chamber. For vehicle window panels, which typically must be bent into the shape dictated by the shape of the vehicle bodywork, the coating can be applied either before or after the substrate has been formed and bent to the required shape and size. For vehicle window inserts that are coated while flat and then bent into shape, care must be taken to ensure that the bending action does not damage the coating. This care may include modifying the coating composition or texture slightly to make the coating more resistant to bending.

The small thickness of the corresponding layers according to the invention offers operational advantages, both in terms of the short time required to apply the layers and in terms of the economic use of the corresponding materials.

The total geometric thickness of the metal layers is preferably in the range from 16.5 to 20 nm.

The coating is preferably applied to a surface of the substrate wafer which ultimately forms an inner surface of the multilayer arrangement.

The metal layers include silver or a silver alloy such as alloys of silver with platinum or palladium.

As used herein, non-absorbent material refers to a material that has an index of refraction [η (λ)] greater than the value of the spectral absorption index [k (K) j over the entire area of ​​the visible spectrum (380 to 780) nm). It proves to be advantageous for the non-absorbing material used according to the invention to have a refractive index which is greater than 10 times the spectral absorption index.

The non-absorbing material preferably has a refractive index measured at 550 nm between 1.85 and 2.2, advantageously between 1.9 and 2.1.

Suitable non-absorbent materials include oxides such as tin oxide (SnO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO), nitrides, such as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) or mixtures of the same or a complex of non-absorbent materials such as zinc stannate (Zn₂SnO₄). Zinc oxide is a particularly preferred material because of its high rate of deposition, its refractive index - which is well suited to the requirements of the invention - and its beneficial effect on the passivation of the silver layer

Each complete non-absorbent layer can contain more than one of these materials, and each layer can be a composite layer formed from successive sub-layers of different composition from one another, e.g. a zinc oxide layer divided into two or more sub-layers by one or more layers another non-absorbent material such as tin oxide. The sub-layers can be deposited simultaneously and / or sequentially. It is not essential that the metal and oxygen or nitrogen be present in the layer in stoichiometric proportions.

A combination of tin oxide and zinc oxide is generally advantageous, whether in admixture with one another or in successive sublayers. This seems to go back to it5

AT 408 981 B lead to the fact that they have very similar refractive indices.

The coated substrate of the invention may further comprise, as part of a non-absorbent layer, a thin layer of changing material as a sacrificial layer applied above (ie subsequently deposited) and in contact with each metal layer. The purpose of this changing material or sacrificial layer is to protect the silver or silver alloy during the deposition of the next non-absorbent layer. Suitable sacrificial layers include titanium and zinc. Titanium is usually preferred because it is easily oxidizable.

The total optical density of the changing material, ie the totality of the layers consisting of changing material in the corresponding non-absorbing layers, should not be more than 15 nm. When the coating process is complete, virtually all of the changing material is in oxide form.

The coating layers are preferably applied by sputtering. This can be accomplished by placing the substrate in a processing chamber which contains a suitable magnetron sputtering source and is provided with inlet and outlet gas locks, a conveyor belt for the substrate, energy sources, sputtering gas inlets and an evacuation outlet. The substrate is guided past the activated sputtering source and cold dusted by a suitable atmosphere (oxygen gas in the case of an oxide coating) in order to produce the desired layer on the substrate. The procedure is repeated for each coating layer.

Using this approach, it is highly desirable to use a changing material to protect the metal layer from oxidation during the subsequent deposition of a non-absorbent oxide layer. However, if the non-absorbent material is a nitride rather than an oxide, the layer is deposited in an atmosphere of nitrogen and a layer of changing material is not required.

Since silicon nitride is deposited using a cathode of silicon that has been added with additives such as aluminum, nickel, boron, phosphorus and / or tin, the additive element or elements can be present in the layer of non-absorbent material.

The coating layers can be supplemented by a thin (2 to 5 nm) protective layer, which shields the coating without noticeably modifying the optical properties of the product. Otherwise, the third non-absorbent layer is usually an exposed layer. Suitable materials for the thin, exposed protective additional layer are oxides, nitrides and oxynitrides of silicon. Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) is the generally preferred material. This layer provides the coated substrate with improved chemical and / or mechanical resistance with little or no resulting change in its optical properties.

Glazing inserts having the multilayer arrangements according to the invention can be installed in single or multiple glazing units, for example as double glazing units or windshields for vehicles.

An embodiment of a multiple glazing unit for a vehicle comprises a multilayer arrangement according to the invention, which is mounted in an opposing, spaced-apart position with a pane of transparent vitreous material, and a gas gap, which is delimited by a peripherally extending spacer, between this arrangement and the disc. In this unit the coated surface is directed against the gas space.

A multilayer glazing unit can have at least two panes of transparent vitreous material attached to one another by means of an intermediate film of polymer adhesive material, at least one of these panes being a coated substrate according to the present invention, with the coated surface facing the polymer adhesive. If the coated substrate is used in such a structure, the use of a thin protective layer, as explained above, proves to be desirable in order to shield the coating and to protect it against peeling off of the coating.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the following non-limiting examples.

AT 408 981 B

The properties of the coated substrate listed in these examples were measured on the basis of a multilayer arrangement, which had in the following order: a pane of ordinary soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm, a coating on this pane, a layer of polyvinyl butyral (pvb ) Adhesive with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a second disk made of ordinary soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm.

EXAMPLES 1 TO 10

Samples from a substrate wafer of 2.1 mm glass were passed through an on-line coating apparatus which had two vacuum deposition chambers (at a pressure of 0.3 Pa), a conveyor belt for the substrate, energy sources and gas inlet locks. Each deposition chamber contained magnetron sputtering cathodes, sputtering gas inlets and an evacuation outlet, the deposition being achieved by passing the substrate sample several times under the cathodes.

The first chamber contained cathodes provided with targets formed of zinc and tin and was used for the deposition in an oxygen atmosphere of non-absorbent layers of zinc oxide and tin oxide. The second chamber contained a silver cathode and a titanium cathode and was used for the deposition of these metals in an inert (argon) atmosphere, the titanium being used for the deposition of a layer intended for conversion. Each substrate sample was subjected to several runbacks in order to obtain the desired sequence and thickness of the coating layers.

The glass used for the substrates was soda lime glass 2.1 mm thick, and the other properties are shown below:

<td>Glastvo</td><td>TLA (%)</td><td>TE (%)</td><td>λη (nm)</td><td>Purity (%)</td>

<td>Clear (I)</td><td> 90,6</td><td> 87,8</td><td> 571</td><td> 0,5</td>

<td>Colored (II)</td><td> 84,4</td><td> 67,6</td><td> 508</td><td> 1,3</td>

<td>Colored (III)</td><td> 80,2</td><td> 59,5</td><td> 509</td><td> 1,8</td>

<td>Colored (IV)</td><td> 57,0</td><td> 44,6</td><td> 503</td><td> 3,4</td>

In each case the following were applied to the substrate:

a first non-absorbent layer (Ox-1) made of zinc oxide and tin oxide, a first silver metal layer (Ag-1), a second non-absorbent layer (Ox-2) made of zinc oxide, tin oxide and titanium oxide, the latter having an optical thickness of 7.5 nm and was in contact with the first silver metal layer (Ag-1), a second silver layer (Ag-2), a third non-absorbent layer (Ox-3) made of zinc oxide, tin oxide and titanium oxide, the latter having an optical thickness of 7.5 nm and being in contact with the second silver metal layer (Ag-2).

The panes coated in this way were transferred to composite inserts which had the above-mentioned multilayer arrangement of the coated pane, a layer of polyvinyl butyral adhesive and a second pane of 2.1 mm glass. In Examples 1 to 7, both panes were made of clear glass (Type I). In Examples 8 to 10 at least one of the panes was colored glass (types II, III or IV).

Further details of each of the non-absorbent (Ox-1, Ox-2 and Ox-3) and silver layers (Ag-1 and Ag-2) of the coated disc and the resulting properties of the multilayer stack assembly formed thereby are given in the accompanying tables.

Table A shows the materials making up the non-absorbent layers of the multilayer stack arrangement and their geometric thicknesses. Examples 1 to 4 and 8 to 10 have an Ox-1 layer, the same thicknesses of SnO₂ and ZnO. Examples 5 to 7 have an Ox-1 layer that contains 10 nm of SnO throughout₂ and the remainder of the thickness of this layer is formed by ZnO. The Ox-2 layer of each example is sequentially composed of TiO₂/ ZnO / SnO₂/ ZnO / SnO₂/ ZnO, the thickness of the outer sub-layers of ZnO is the same,

AT 408 981 B as well as those of the two sublayers made of SnO₂, these thicknesses themselves being about half that of the middle sub-layer of ZnO. The Ox-3 layer of each example comprises 2.5 nm TiO₂ and 10 to 13 nm SnO₂, the remainder of the thickness of this layer is made up of ZnO.

Table B shows, for Examples 1 to 7, the optical thicknesses of each of the layers, the total optical thickness of the non-absorbing layers (Ox-1 + Ox-2 + Ox-3), the ratio of the optical thicknesses of the first and second non- absorbing layers (Ox-2: Ox-1), the ratio of the optical thicknesses of the first and third non-absorbing layers (Ox-3: Ox-1), and for the multi-layer insert formed, the light transmission of light source A (TLA), the energy transmission (TE), the dominant wavelength λ₀, the purity and, where appropriate, the hue obtained. Table C shows data similar to Table B, but for Examples 8-10, and in addition shows the types of glasses used.

The glass inserts of Examples 1 to 7 are well suited for use as vehicle windshields. The Example 8 insert is well suited for use as a vehicle front window and those of Examples 9 and 10 are well suited for use as a vehicle rear window or window.

Table A.

<td>E.g.</td><td>Ox-1 SnO₂/ ZnO (nm)</td><td>Ox-2 TiO₂/ ZnO / SnO₂/ ZnO / SnO₂/ ZnO (nm)</td><td>Ox-3 TiO₂/ ZnO / SnO₂(nm)</td>

<td> 1.</td><td> 13,1/13,1</td><td> 2,5/10/10/23/10/10</td><td> 2,5/13/13</td>

<td> 2.</td><td> 14,0/14,0</td><td> 2,5/11/11/22,5/11/11</td><td> 2,5/11,25/11,25</td>

<td> 3.</td><td> 13,4/13,4</td><td> 2,5/11/11/22,5/11/11</td><td> 2,5/10/10</td>

<td> 4.</td><td> 13,0/13,0</td><td> 2,5/10/10/22/10/10</td><td> 2,5/11/11</td>

<td> 5.</td><td> 10,0/17,0</td><td> 2,5/11/11/22/11/11</td><td> 2,5/22/10</td>

<td> 6.</td><td> 10,0/15,0</td><td> 2,5/10/11/20,5/11/10</td><td> 2,5/20/10</td>

<td> 7.</td><td> 10,0/15,6</td><td> 2,5/11/11/21/11/11</td><td> 2,5/11/10</td>

<td> 8.</td><td> 14,5/14,5</td><td> 2,5/11/12/24/12/11</td><td> 2,5/15/10</td>

<td> 9.</td><td> 14,5/14,5</td><td> 2,5/11/12/24/12/11</td><td> 2,5/15/10</td>

<td> 10.</td><td> 14,5/14,5</td><td> 2,5/11/12/24/12/11</td><td> 2,5/15/10</td>

Table B.

<td>E.g.</td><td>Ox-1 ZnO / SnO₂(nm)</td><td>Ag-1 (nm)</td><td>Ox-2 ZnO / SnO₂(nm)</td><td>Ag-2 (nm)</td><td>Ox-3 ZnO / SnO₂(nm)</td><td>Ox total (nm)</td>

<td> 1.</td><td> 52,4</td><td> 8,9</td><td> 132,0</td><td> 8,9</td><td> 58,7</td><td> 243,1</td>

<td> 2.</td><td> 56,0</td><td> 9,0</td><td> 140,7</td><td> 9,0</td><td> 51,3</td><td> 248,0</td>

<td> 3.</td><td> 53,4</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 134,7</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 46,3</td><td> 234,3</td>

<td> 4.</td><td> 51,6</td><td> 9,6</td><td> 130,1</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 50,3</td><td> 232,0</td>

<td> 5.</td><td> 54,0</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 138,3</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 70,3</td><td> 262,6</td>

<td> 6.</td><td> 50,0</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 131,3</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 66,3</td><td> 247,6</td>

<td> 7.</td><td> 51,2</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 136,1</td><td> 8,8</td><td> 48,5</td><td> 235,8</td>

<td>E.g.</td><td>relationship Ox-2: Ox-1</td><td>relationship Ox-3: Ox-1</td><td>TLA (%)</td><td>TE (%)</td><td>λβ (nm)</td><td>purity (%)</td><td>colour</td>

<td> 1.</td><td> 2,52</td><td> 1,12</td><td> 76,1</td><td> 41,3</td><td> -493</td><td> 2</td><td>reddish purple</td>

AT 408 981 B

<td>E.g.</td><td>relationship Ox-2: Ox-1</td><td>relationship Ox-3: Ox-1</td><td>TLA (%)</td><td>TE (%)</td><td>λ [) (nm)</td><td>purity (%)</td><td>colour</td>

<td> 2.</td><td> 2,51</td><td> 0,96</td><td> 76,2</td><td> 41,0</td><td> 487</td><td> 7</td><td>greenish blue</td>

<td> 3.</td><td> 2,52</td><td> 0,88</td><td> 75,5</td><td> 40,7</td><td> 495</td><td> 2</td><td>bluish green</td>

<td> 4.</td><td> 2,52</td><td> 0,99</td><td> 75,0</td><td> 40,6</td><td> 581</td><td> 5</td><td>greenish yellow</td>

<td> 5.</td><td> 2,56</td><td> 1,30</td><td> 76,1</td><td> 41,1</td><td> -554</td><td> 4</td><td>bluish purple</td>

<td> 6.</td><td> 2,63</td><td> 1,33</td><td> 75,5</td><td> 40,5</td><td> -542</td><td> 4</td><td>bluish purple</td>

<td> 7.</td><td> 2,66</td><td> 0,95</td><td> 75,1</td><td> 39,9</td><td> 486</td><td> 9</td><td>greenish blue</td>

Table C.

<td>E.g.</td><td>Outside- Glass</td><td>Detention middle</td><td>Ox-1 (nm)</td><td>Ag-1 (nm)</td><td>Ox-2 (nm)</td><td>Ag-2 (nm)</td><td>Ox-3 (nm)</td><td>Ox total (nm)</td><td>Ver holds- nis Ox-2: Ox-1</td><td>Inside- Glass</td>

<td> 8.</td><td>(I)</td><td>pvb</td><td> 58,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 146,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 55,9</td><td> 260,7</td><td> 2,51</td><td>(II)</td>

<td> 9.</td><td>(Hl)</td><td>pvb</td><td> 58,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 146,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 55,9</td><td> 260,7</td><td> 2,51</td><td>(III)</td>

<td> 10.</td><td>UY)</td><td>pvb</td><td> 58,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 146,4</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 55,9</td><td> 260,7</td><td> 2,51</td><td>UYL</td>

<td>E.g.</td><td>TLA (%)</td><td>TE (%)</td><td>colour</td>

<td> 8.</td><td> 70,9</td><td> 35,6</td><td>green</td>

<td> 9.</td><td> 55,0</td><td> 23,3</td><td>green</td>

<td> 10.</td><td> 30,3</td><td> 14,1</td><td>green</td>

PATENT CLAIMS: