Automotor device for transporting heavy concrete elements

(42) Start of patent period: 15. 7.1991 (45) Date of issue: 27. 1. 1992 (51) Int.Cl.⁵ : E01C 19/52 B66C 1/02

<td>(30) Priority:</td><td>(73) Patent owner:</td>

<td>23.11.1981 DE 3146323 claims.</td><td>GÖPFERT REINHARD</td>

<td>(56) Documents: DE-PS 290091 DE-AS1228383 DE-0S1756327 DE-OS2718066</td><td>D-3070 NIENBURG (DE).</td>

<td>U.S. Patent 3,152,828 U.S. Patent 3,330,330 U.S. Patent 3,318,468 U.S. Patent 4,181,830</td><td></td>

(54) SELF-DRIVING DEVICE FOR PROVIDING TRANSPORTABLE HEAVY ACCESSORIES (57) A self-propelled device comprises a chassis and a rectangular suction pad (13) attached to at least one adjustable boom (6) for lifting and moving heavy concrete parts, in particular. concrete paving stones. In order to lift a plurality of arranged on a pallet stones and laid in a single operation, without the need for subsequent alignment on the sand bed, the 'suction pad (13) has a plurality of mutually independent axial and angularly movable suction die (24). Furthermore, pivotable straightening jaws (26) are provided on all sides against the lifting material, wherein the line cross-section of the suction flow of each suction pad (24) is releasable in its contact with the lifting material.

CQ

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MR 0070018

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The invention relates to a self-propelled device with a chassis and attached to at least one adjustable boom rectangular suction pads for lifting and moving heavy concrete parts, especially for laying commercial concrete paving stones.

For relocating paving stone laying units, it is already known in practice to use devices with a chassis and a hinged thereto vertically raised and lowered boom whose free end carries a laying units gripping gripper. Hiebei the boom is hinged in the rear of the chassis and extends over a arranged in the front of the driver's seat away from. With the gripper paving stones can be detected in layers and transported by method da device and set down again. The gripper, which is pivotally articulated to the boom, can only be raised and lowered as wieda. For pivoting, d. H. to change direction, the entire device must be added to the chassis by steering the wheels and roof new Ansteuem the laying. This brings the point-like gripper suspended in such a way that a Auspendeln must be awaited each before settling. This work also falls before each recording of the stone layer of a delivered pallet stack, so that much wasted time in each installation process. In addition, from this laying device, the components na, seen in the direction of travel, can be transported and offset from the abeitend. In compound paving stones na shift a layer width is possible, so that the vehicle must drive a new single za laying after setting a location. The dadach to be paid driving work is significant. The area of ​​use is limited to areas, since size at least correspond to the movement radius of the chassis. The use of the device is thus when laying stones on narrower surfaces, such as foot and bicycle paths u. Like., Not possible. Also can not from below, d. H. If the vehicle would be standing on the road surface, work will be carried out because the short delivery of the cantilever arm will not allow several layers of stone to be pushed against each other against the curb. As the laying work progresses on larger areas, the roadway roof to be covered by the device increases the distance between the bearing of the components outside the area and the laying site.

The known device is equipped with a gripper, with which the components, such as paving stones, detected and held when lifting roof clamping action. The components are thus pressed against each other and prevented from slipping down a continuous attack surface for the jaws must be present, because otherwise the clamping effect could not be transferred to the inside stones and then they would slip out of the jaw. However, in order to lay a required by the purchaser of a paving bandage, such as herringbone pattern, must be missing in the individual stone layers half stones, which are closed after facing a second stone layer with exactly blanks half stone size roof insertion of individual stones by hand. The continuation of the original dressing is therefore guaranteed. In the case of the known laying device, this is not possible because of the aforementioned indispensable, continuous attack surfaces for the clamping jaws. It has here the blanks for later nachzusetzende stones already in the stone layers roof insertion of half stones closed. If now stone layer is stumped against stone layer, then there is a roofing longitudinal joint. The advantageous composite effect of the pavement covering za recording and distribution of braking and starting forces of motor vehicles is not reachedL The order of the customer and the DIN regulation are not met.

In addition, no plate-like laying elements can be laid with the known gripper, because they would dodge their flat shapes and small edge surfaces, conditional roof on entry of the clamping action up or down. To generate the clamping force serve claw-like elements which are cumbersome when discontinuing a laying unit. They hinder, for example, the flat fitting of the parts to be laid. Therefore, they can not be lowered to the sandplanum, and then release the claws. In order to prevent the claw-like gripping elements between the already laid and the parts to be laid, the latter must slip out of the gripper just above the ground, so that they cover the rest of the way in free fall. The disadvantage hiebei is that the components to be laid are not exactly flush with each other, which makes, especially for smaller units, such as paving stones, very detrimentally noticeable. The image of the joint displaced therefrom must not be removed from the right-angled grid at all times, so that a second auxiliary person can be immediately corrected on each layer of stone. In addition, significant frictional forces occur between the gripping elements and the components, the z. T. At the individual pages are different high and thus lead to Uaegelmäßigkeiten when discontinuing the unit.

In order to avoid the aforementioned difficulties in laying whole stone layers, it is therefore necessary to detect the stones only from their top, which is possible with the help of a siphon. So z. B. From FR-PS 1461 504 known L compound stones to move using a siphon, which is attached to swivel cantilever arms of a self-propelled device. However, since with the usual, previously known suction lifters composed of individual stones layers can not be kept in their exact alignment without difficulty, is provided in the known device to assemble single stones with the help of trennbaen connecting materials, so that transportable plates are created, which laid unchanged as such can be. Even at the beginning of production, therefore, a considerable number of stones is put together to form a block, which should simplify and accelerate laying. After laying the

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Stones, the connecting agent should gradually disappear, for example, dissolve. The use of fasteners means a significant additional labor and material costs. In addition, there is a risk that in an unwanted adhesion of a single stone loosening of the entire composite arises, so that optionally lifting with the known siphon is impossible. Already from this

Basically, the use of the known siphon in practice can not prevail.

US Pat. No. 4,168,130 shows a device for lifting paving stones with the aid of individual paving stones

Suction nozzles. Each suction nozzle should detect a stone as centrally as possible. This requires an alignment of the stones. Therefore, a funnel-shaped alignment frame, in which the individual stone layers are pushed, used. The suction nozzles used are rigidly arranged. They can not adapt to the individual stones. The combination of the elements used has not brought the desired success, which applies to all previously known devices and devices.

DE-AS 1228 383 discloses only a movable hinged to support elements suction plate, which is suitable for lifting large, ie plate-shaped loads. Several such suction plates should start with a load. The lifting of large loads is not vague with small concrete parts, such as paving stones.

In the lifting device according to DE-OS 1 756 327 by means of Untadruck individual suction nozzles are not visible. The hinged against the good to be lifted strips serve above all eina airtight seal between the loads to be lifted and a large suction chamber. The compression of several parts to be lifted results inevitably, but it does not lead to a precise alignment of a paving stone composite before filing on a sand bed. The previously known device is completely unsuitable for lifting paving stones and laying on a sand bed.

U.S. Patent No. 3,318,468 relates to a suction gripper for lifting a large item. The task of lifting a large number of individual small, aligned according to a specific pattern parts with considerable weight and carefully settle on a sand bed is not solvable with this device.

U.S. Patent No. 3,152,828 shows a siphon for plate-shaped parts having a sealing member extending to an inner mammalian opening. It must be ensured that the individual sealing lips when sucking immediately touch the surface to be sealed, without causing larger lateral displacement movements during the suction. The sealing element according to US-PS 3,152,828 is completely unsuitable for this.

US Pat. No. 3,388,032 describes a vacuum lifting device, in particular for flexible plates and discs. The entire structure of the construction is adapted to this task and inevitably completely unsuitable for the lifting of composite paving stones

The lifting of large-scale, fragile objects, in particular of glass panes, the construction according to DE-PS 290 091 adapted. It only shows axially displaceable suction dies to compensate for deviations of the surface eina to be lifted plate relative to a plane.

The lifting and moving of paving stones, in particular of a plurality of stones arranged in a desired composite, brings with it many problems which have hitherto not been solved in the desired manner. Concrete paving stones have a high specific gravity, which requires the provision of a high vacuum. Placing a whole layer of bricks in one operation requires accurate alignment and lush juxtaposition of all stones. The individual suction dies of a siphon must be able to be swiveled in all directions; H. not only about a vertical axis, but also about a horizontal, as often individual stones, due to the rough packaging and delivery, tilted lie. Outside are the individual stones of a stone layer is not always flush in a plane, so that a height compensation of the individual Saugstempel must also be possible. The siphon must have twice as many suction pads as stones to be lifted, so that also bandages (such as ζ. B. Herringbone) can be moved. Then it is guaranteed that two suction dies each a stone of rectangular, commercially available format (approx. 11/22 cm), regardless of whether the stone is longitudinal or transverse. For this reason, namely to be able to lay different associations with one and the same siphon, the grid arrangement of two Saugstempeln per stone was chosen. The Saugstempel must therefore be round and thus, given by the commercially available stone formats, only have a certain size. This results in a fixed suction surface 50 per suction die with a diameter of approx. 40 mm. It is also a possible, wavy joint picture taken into account. Due to the high specific gravity of the stones, this suction surface must not be smaller or narrowed, because otherwise the force applied to the lifting force will no longer be sufficient to lift the heavy components. The fluctuating during operation vacuum (pendulum vacuum) is to be able to use a small pump and a low total weight of the mobile

To get device to be as small as possible. This, in turn, presupposes that the suction cross-sections should automatically be closed when a suction stamp does not come to rest on the surface of a stone, but, so to speak, falls into the void. This is the case when laying the prescribed herringbone pattern. For other associations, such as ζ. B. the block association, there are no intended Leastellen, so that all suckers must do their job. In addition, care must be taken that the vacuum is independent of the

Position of the accelerator pedal as the drive device for propulsion kept betriebsbaeit can, so that at any time a uniform vacuum strength is present Because of these conditions, it has not been possible to provide a device with which the laying of composite pavement layers in larger

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Scope was possible. The variety of pre-published versions of the documents mentioned above indicates the difficulties.

For automatic shut-off of air ducts, a solution according to DE-GBM 1 890 740 has already been proposed. In this embodiment, a plunger is led out as an extension of a valve body down over the boundary plane of the suction cup, so that when placing the bell on the object to be lifted forcibly open the valve and the vacuum can be passed into the suction cup. The disadvantage hiebei is the reduction of the load-bearing suction surface by the plunger cross-section and the possibility of premature opening by tilted lying load. As a result, the suction flow can be released prematurely, so that the vacuum can collapse in the intake system. In addition, must be expected by leaks by seizing concrete sand on the valve seat.

Another way of controlling the suction cross-section as a function of detecting the lifting material is shown in DE-PS 1 274 297. However, this embodiment is completely unsuitable for lifting loads of high specific gravity. It should be noted that concrete components have a specific weight of about 24 l / m. However, the balloon-shaped contact member claimed by the cross-sectional area of ​​the suction cup to a large extent, so that use for these purposes is completely unsuitable. In addition, the setting of Betonsandkömehen plays here a significant role, which means that the control can not close with the sufficient tightness hiebei. In addition, there is again the undesirable possibility of premature opening by placing the suction cup on sloping surfaces.

A suction cup for lifting loads can be found in DE-GBM 69 31 165, in which the suction cross-section is initially released at the beginning of a lifting operation and is also kept open, if the suction cup is placed on the load to be lifted. A sealing sleeve can simultaneously ensure a low height compensation due to its flexibility. However, this has the disadvantage that the seal in rough stone material performs an erasing with considerable wear.

This results in a seal loss that leads to failure when lifting loads with high specific gravity. In addition, a large pendulum vacuum must be available for such a construction, since only then the fluid dynamic effect, which leads to the closing of the valve body, can be provided. Each closing operation of the valve initially requires the intake of significant amounts of secondary air, which load the vacuum. In addition, the large suction cross-sectional area required for lifting is impermissibly reduced at higher pressure of the entire siphon. In such embodiments, the siphon must first be placed on the load and then the vacuum switched on. This means an additional operation for the already heavily loaded operator of a self-propelled device. Similar explanations also apply to DE-GBM 7 228 550. All the aforementioned embodiments have the common disadvantage that a subsequent adjustment of the suction cup, d. H. after putting on the sling, is not possible. But just this is the prerequisite for detecting loosely adjacent small components unconditional.

The invention has the object of providing a device of the type mentioned in such a way that when lifting a variety of concrete items, especially composite paving stones which lie loosely together in the composite, the above difficulties are overcome and overall the device with the necessary low total weight in the situation is to run over freshly laid concrete paving stones without ruts forming in the not yet finished composite. This should increase the possible use and laying quality.

The solution according to the invention is characterized in that the suction pad has a plurality of axially and angularly movable suction dies and on all sides against the lifting pivotable straightening jaws, wherein the line cross-section of the suction flow of each Saugstempels upon contact of the Saugstempels with the lifting material is releasable

The device according to the invention fulfills each and every one of the conditions mentioned above for laying, in particular, concrete paving stones. Thus, when laying paving elements each ten stone layers offset or be moved without having to move the device. This corresponds to the quantity of a standard pallet delivered by the concrete plants with a pile of stones. The lowering of the paving stones or slabs to be laid can be done down to the sand bed, so that a seiüiches slipping is not possible. This is achieved in particular when laying a first layer, which requires a very precise alignment. The laying elements no longer need to travel the last part of their Absenkweges in free fall. Hiebei is the laying of any number of concrete plaster formats - the exception of the hand-sized size approx. 11/22 cm are on the market and about 85 % of total paving needs - possible with a single installation facility. This is a significant advantage over the known Veriegeklemmzangen that can be used only for a stone format. Particularly advantageous without any model is a resumption of the paving elements with the siphon, without causing damage to the material. This work can be done with any clamp pliers on the market devices, since clamps can not be applied to laid patch. Due to the omitted driving work results in a high work performance. Due to a displaceable weight, the possibly necessary trim and thus stability can be achieved.

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The device according to the invention also allows laying work both on the front facing in the direction of travel and side of it, without having to move the vehicle. A lying behind the vehicle stack of components to be laid can be detected by a rotation of the support frame by 180 °. This makes it possible to lay very narrow lanes. It can therefore be detected laterally to the chassis extending narrow strips, as can be carried out, for example, from the roadway for laying pedestrian strips or lane boundary edges and bike paths. When standing the device on a solid surface, such as a road surface, additional weights can be used to provide the necessary counter-torque for maximum delivery. These additional weights can be removed for weight reduction, as soon as the use of the device on a newly laid paving surface should be required.

Further, the subject invention advantageously ausgestaltende features are given in the dependent claims.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the subject invention is shown schematically and explained below.

Show it:

1 is a side view of a laying device, based on the direction of travel,

2, the laying device from the front, while working in the lateral direction,

3 is a plan view of the laying device according to FIG. 1, FIG.

4 shows the front side of the suction pad in the open position,

5 is a Saugstempel of the suction pad on a larger scale in the starting position,

6 the suction die of the suction gripper according to FIG. 5 in working position, FIG.

Fig. 7 shows the representation of two manufactured in herringbone stone layers and laid with conventional gripping device and

Fig. 8 shows the representation of two stone layers in herringbone and laid with the siphon of the present application

On the chassis (1) a support frame (2) is mounted on a turntable (3). With (4) a sliding counterweight is designated. The frame (5) has a boom (6) which can be rotated about a pivot point (7) and a lever plate (8) For adjusting the frame (5) is a hydraulic cylinder (9) with a piston rod (10). The boom (6) also has a hydraulic cylinder (11) with piston rod (12). At the end of the boom (6) a suction gripper (13) is arranged, which can be pivoted about the point (14). The device has a drive motor (15) and a vacuum pump (16), from which a vacuum line (17) leads to the suction gripper (13). For operation, an operating lever (18) is provided for the driver.

The boom (6) has a transverse strut (19) designed as a rotation axis. The suction pad (13) is provided with a rotary head (20) with a perpendicular to the transverse strut (19) extending axis of rotation, wherein the suction pad (13) also has a pivotable about a vertical axis pivot pin (21). With (22) is a vacuum container or Vacuum collector referred from the vacuum hoses (23) lead to Saugstempeln (24), wherein a vacuum control clock (25) is provided with (26) are designated about axes of rotation (27) adjustable straightening jaws. The suction dies (24) are attached to a support plate (29). With (30) the paving stones are called. The suction dies (24) each have a support flange (31) and a support body (32a), (32b). The lower part (32b) of the support body has an air channel (33), wherein between a suction cup (34) having a suction ring (35) made of elastomeric material and the support body lower part (32b) is provided a sealing ring (36). With (41) are an adhesive layer and (44) denotes a socket, while the directions of movement of the support tube (39) and the suction cup (34) with the arrows (46) and (47) are indicated. Screws (48) serve to connect or Attachment of the supporting body upper and lower part (32a), (32b).

For laying components, such as composite paving stones, for producing a load-bearing road surface, the suction gripper (13) with its suction dies (24) with pivoted straightening jaws (26) is placed on the stones. By pressing the adjusting cylinder (28), the straightening jaws (26) are pivoted whereby the individual stones of the entire position at right angles or be aligned in parallel. This alignment has two key advantages. The laying elements are - moved by an unavoidable easy movement during transport from the concrete factory to the construction site from their joints - brought back into their old position, so that they are as planned, in grid on the Saugstempeln. They are, before they are lifted by vacuum action, aligned at right angles parallel to each other, which guarantees a consistently rectangular joint pattern until the completion of the laying process on the sand planum. A further work with correction of the joint image is completely eliminated. When placing the siphon, the line cross-section to the vacuum tank (22) and thus released to the vacuum. The dead weight of the support plate (29) acts on the return springs (38), which pass this force on the joint ball (43) and thus on the support body (32). The return springs dampen the setting movement of the support plate. The support body (32) is pushed down, so that in the annular groove (40) lying sealing ring (36) of elastomeric

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Material is compressed. The suction cup (34), which slides into the lower part (32b) of the support body, can compress the sealing ring (36) until the air ducts (42) communicate with the air ducts (33). Since within the central bore (45) of the joint ball (43) constantly a vacuum is present, at this moment and the suction cup (34) enclosed by the suction chamber (37) can be provided with a vacuum. The original external pressure (Ρθ) is thus lowered corresponding to the negative pressure (Pj). After settling can be canceled by a ventilation device, not shown, the suppression in the support tube (39), in the subsequent central bore (45) of the ball joint and in the air channels (33) of the support body. The siphon can then be lifted in the desired vertical direction. For manufacturing reasons, at least the lower part (32b) of the support body with the air channels (33) is injection molded from plastic. The execution of the suction cup (34) - also made of plastic at the same time means that the frictional resistance between these parts is significantly reduced in terms of self-lubrication. Due to the sliding-like action of the suction cup (34) within the lower part (32b) prevents the setting of sucked, unavoidable loose Sandkömchen and concrete particles that easily lead to interference in the conventional valve assemblies. Within the suction chambers (37) in the Tragkörpem (32) of the suction die (24) creates a vacuum. As a result, the stones are immovably connected to the Saugstempeln. The entire stone layer can then be lifted raised to the laying position. Before settling, the straightening jaws (26) from FIG. 3 shown position in the starting position (Fig. 4) swung out. This pivoting of the straightening jaws (26) brings another decisive advantage. The view of the operator to the hanging on the Saugstempeln (24) stone layer is fully released. The stone layer can then be carefully aligned and placed in the correct position by means of the pivotable about the vertical axis pivot pin (21) of the gripper, placed on the desired surface, directly on the sand bed. During settling, the suction punches (24) can be pushed slightly upwards relative to their support plate (29), with the return spring (38), which at the same time acts as a damping spring, being compressed.

Through the ball joint (43), (44) of the support body (32), the individual suction punches (24) are able to compensate for unevenness during settling and relieving.

The Fig. 1 and Figure 2 clearly shows the lifting of the frame and boom arms (6) and pivoting without moving the chassis from the location. It is in Fig. 3 to recognize how the individual stone layers can be juxtaposed by the pivoting in conjunction with the raising and lowering of the frame, the boom arms and by pressing the pivot. This is made possible by the suspension of the siphon in gimbal-like shape in connection with the rotational movement of the entire siphon about a vertical axis in connection with the raising and lowering of the frame and the cantilever arms. The cantilever arms in conjunction with the suction pad (13) are pivotally mounted about the fulcrum (7) on the frame (5), wherein for lifting and lowering a lever plate (8) is used in conjunction with a hydraulic cylinder. By sliding counterweight (4) different moments of the weights of different heavy materials can be compensated depending on the distance of the siphon from the center of gravity of the vehicle. To transport the components to be laid from a stock item only a single operator is necessary, although at the same time the performance could be much veibessert next to the possible use of the previously known laying facilities.