Light transmitting panel and method of manufacturing such panel

© Start of patent duration: 1981 09 15 Longest possible duration:

t Issued on: 1932 05 10

Inventor: OERNER PAUL OIPL.PHYS.DR.

GELSENKIRCHEN »FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY SUNDAY HANS

GELSENKIRCHEN-BUER »FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY STEHL OTTO OIPL.PHYS.DR.

FOOD »FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY © Dependence:

AT-PS 85584 AT-PS 112452 DE-OS 1509275 DE-OS 1955051 φ © References which have been considered in order to distinguish from the prior art:

Nr.366770

The invention relates to an insulating glass pane of two or more individual panes, by means of

Spacer bars include at least one sealed against the atmosphere gap, which is filled with a gas other than air.

The use of large windows and glass walls, such as glazed partitions, is a peculiarity of modern architecture and, especially in noisy surroundings, raises the problem of achieving pleasant sound levels in rooms in whose walls the insulating glass panes are installed. This problem is particularly acute in the case of windows facing high-traffic roads or near airports, and for use in these cases insulating glass panes with good soundproofing are also required, as in the case of building to form interior walls, eg in sound recording systems. and broadcasting studios.

Insulating glass panes of two or more by one or more spacers spaced apart glass or plastic plates, for example those according to AT-PS No. 85584 and No. 112452 or according to DE-PS No. 1955051, as they, in particular with a heavier gas than air filled (see. AT-PS No. 8,55584) for use as windows with the aim of reducing the heat loss of buildings, also provide sound insulation, but this sound insulation is generally insufficient for many purposes. This sound insulation can be increased by extending the or each disc space, but this causes manufacturing difficulties, increases the cost of the insulating glass and also requires the use of a larger and therefore heavier and more expensive frame to hold the insulating glass panes in place.

It has already been proposed to keep the masses per unit area of ​​the panes of an insulating glass pane differently in order to improve the acoustic properties of the insulating glass pane, it being proposed with DE-OS 1500275 to stagger the pane thickness progressively in the direction of sound transmission.

When plotting a plot of the sound attenuation across a given insulating glass panel against the various frequencies of the on-coming audible sound, it will be noted that this does not result in a straight line, but rather different areas of transmission maxima occur. Such a transmission maximum occurs at fairly high audio frequencies and is attributable to the so-called coincidence effect. The frequency of the sound waves causing the coincidence effect on a given insulating glass depends on the angle of incidence of these waves on the insulating glass and corresponds to the frequency at which the projected incident wavelength on the insulating glass is equal to the free bending vibration wavelength in the insulating glass. Therefore, the lowest sound frequency at which coincidence occurs - the critical frequency - is that which corresponds to a sound wavelength equal to the free bending vibration wavelength. According to currently accepted theories, the critical frequency decreases with increasing thickness, ie with the mass per unit area. It is known to reduce the maximum coincidence transmission across a multi-pane of insulating glass by using single disks of different mass so that the coincidence maximum of a single disk is at a different frequency than that of another single disk.

Another such transmission maximum occurs at the basic resonance frequency of the insulating glass pane and this also depends, inter alia, on the masses of the individual panes. For a single disc given area was calculated that the resonance frequency increases with the mass of Einzelsc disc. In the case of an insulating glass pane, the interpane space also has an effect on the resonance frequency.

In the middle range of the audio frequencies, ie between the coincidence and the resonance transmission maximum, the sound insulation increases with increasing total mass of the individual disks.

Accordingly, it is noted that in general, although an increase in the sound insulation occurs over this middle frequency range with increasing thickness of the single disks, the expansion of this frequency range is reduced, with the result that in practice it is extremely difficult to use a multiple insulating glass pane over which the average sound insulation exceeds a given value. The average sound insulation value across a known double insulating glass pane, for example an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned above thus generally does not exceed 35 dB.

Nr.366770

Starting from the gas-filled double glazing described above, it is now an object of the invention to provide an insulating glass, which has improved acoustic properties in comparison with known insulating glass panes of similar dimensions and is relatively inexpensive compared with known insulating glass panes of similar acoustic properties. The invention is based on the finding hiebei that in an insulating glass pane, in which at least two of the individual panes have different mass per unit area and in which at least one of the disc spaces is filled with a lighter or with a heavier gas than air, with respect to the achievable sound insulation a synergistic effect is achieved which is greater than the effect achievable by the sum of the individual measures.

Such an insulating glass pane of two or more individual panes, which include at least one space sealed against the atmosphere by means of Abstandshalteieisten, which is filled with a gas other than air, is characterized according to the invention in that. have at least two of the discs in a conventional manner from each other different masses per unit area and that the space or the panes with a lighter or heavier gas than air or with a mixture of such gases or with a mixture of such

Gases are filled with air, wherein the speed of sound in this medium of the speed of sound in dry air at the same pressure and temperature by a factor of 0.3 to 0.95, preferably 0.35 to 0.75, or more than 1.2 is different.

The individual disks may be single-layer disks or multi-layer disks and may be made of plastic or a vitreous material, which is to be understood as glass and vitro-crystalline material, ie a material which can be made by subjecting glass to a heat treatment to form one or more crystalline ones To effect phases.

Surprisingly, the sound insulation value of an insulating glass pane according to the invention is greater than the sum of the elevations of the sound insulation value, which can be attributed to the individually taken characteristics of this insulating glass pane. In a specific example, double insulating glass panes with a 12 mm pane gap and a 12 mm single pane thickness can be compared. The sound reduction value can be characterized by a single value determined in accordance with VDI Guideline 2719. In a Isolierglas30 disc, in which the individual discs have the same thickness (6 mm) and the space is filled with air, results for R_w 33 dB. By changing the individual disc masses to 8 or 4 mm thickness and unchanged filling of the disc space with air, the R value w can be increased to 35 dB. By filling the space between the panes with a gaseous medium in which the speed of sound is different from that of the air, but using 6 mm thick panes, it is also possible to use the R_w~ Increase the value to 35 dB. Accordingly, each of these different features results in an increase of the sound insulation value by 2 dB. In inventive combination of these features, ie filling the gap between two 8 or 4 mm thick disks with the same gaseous medium other than air, it is found that the R ^ value is not 37 dB, as expected, but increases to 41 dB, an increase of 8 dB over a symmetrical, air-filled insulating glass pane same total glass mass means. This difference between the expected sound insulation value (in this example 37 dB) and the actual sound insulation value (here 41 dB), which is due to a synergism, is more pronounced with double glass panels in which the mass ratio of the individual disks is high, with the same mass ratio the synergistic effect is greater when the total mass of the individual slices is small.

The improvement in sound insulation brought about by the insulating glass pane according to the invention is primarily in the range of average sound frequencies, ie between the higher or (if more than one) highest resonance frequency and the lower or lowest critical coincidence frequency, ie generally the critical frequency of the thicker or thickest Disc.

Above this lower or lowest critical frequency, there is still a slight improvement, but above the higher or highest critical frequencies, the sound insulation across an insulating glass pane according to the invention is not appreciably different from that of a similarly sized air-filled insulating glass pane. Because these are higher or highest

Nr.366770

- 4 critical frequencies in practice often close to the limit of the construction to be taken into consideration sound frequency range, this remains irrelevant.

Furthermore, it can generally be stated that the frequency at which a resonance transmission maximum occurs in an insulating glass pane according to the invention is lower than the corresponding frequency of a similarly dimensioned, air-filled insulating glass pane.

Preferably, the gaseous medium contains at least one gas from the group helium (He), neon (Ne), methane (CH ,,), hydrogen (H₂). These gases can be used alone, mixed with one another or with other gases, and deliver particularly favorable results in insulating glass panes according to the invention. Other gases may be used, for which one and diatomic gases are preferred. In particular, hydrogen can give good results. A mixture of 80 to 85% helium with the remainder CH ,, gives a very effective gaseous medium.

It has been found that even quite high proportions of air in the gaseous medium allow good results to be achieved, which is particularly important for practical reasons, since firstly the amount of other gas required for a given insulating glass pane can be reduced and secondly because multi-pane insulating glass panes are common be assembled outdoors and the air initially present in the space between the panes must not be completely displaced. The presence of air in the gas medium provides an additional parameter which may be influenced as desired by the conditions of use of such an insulating glass panel and / or its construction. Furthermore, pure gases in which the speed of sound is greater under normal conditions than in air generally tend to reduce the thermal insulation capacity of an insulating glass panel filled with it. This is generally insignificant if the panel is to be used as an interior partition, but may be important in the case of outside windows for use in cold climates, for example. Air in the gaseous medium reduces this possibly undesirable effect on the thermal properties of the insulating glass pane.

In general, if the velocity of sound in the gaseous medium is less than the velocity of sound in dry air of the same pressure and temperature, it is much easier to confine the gas medium in the space between the panes, since such gases do not easily diffuse out of a sealed space between panes, as with gases lower density is possible, so that less stringent provisions must be made, to ensure the usability of the insulating glass panes over a given period of time. Another advantage of this embodiment is that such gaseous media generally impart better thermal insulation properties to an insulating glass panel and this therefore allows the construction of an insulating glass panel which is very well suited for both sound insulation and thermal insulation. It has also been found that the above-mentioned synergistic effect is greater with gaseous media in which the speed of sound is less than in air, than with gaseous media with greater speed of sound. It should be noted, however, that in addition to shifting the frequency of the resonance transmission maximum to a lower value, an increase in the resonance transmission maximum is achieved, that is, the sound absorption value is reduced at the resonance frequencies. This is of little practical importance in most cases since these frequencies are shifted to a region where most people are relatively insensitive.

Preferably, the gaseous medium contains sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆ ), since this gas was found to be particularly suitable for use in an insulating glass pane according to the invention.

Other extraordinarily useful gas media for use in an insulating glass pane according to the invention contain at least one gas from the group dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon) (CC1₂F₂), Carbon dioxide (C0₂), Argon (Ar), butane (C ,, H_lq ), Nitrous oxide (N₂0) and chloropentafluoroethane (C₂C1F₅). These gases can be used alone or mixed with each other or with other gases. For example, a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and argon can give particularly good results.

Of particular interest is embodiments of the invention in which the insulating glass pane contains at least three panes, which delimit at least two sealed panes by means of spacers, and which are characterized according to the invention

No.366770 is that one of these rooms is filled with a light gas and another of these rooms with a heavy gas. In this way it becomes possible to take advantage of reducing the

Resonance transmission maximum, which is attributed to the use of a gas medium with a higher speed of sound than in air, with the advantage of improved thermal insulation, which is due to the use of a gas medium with a lower sound velocity than in air to achieve together. Hiebei can in an embodiment in which, for example the further or widest disc space is at least twice as far as the or another such space, according to the invention, the narrower of the spaces a heavier gas or gas mixture than air and the other of these spaces a lighter gas or gas> mixture than air. This increases the favorable effect on the sound attenuation in the resonant frequency range and also gives some improvement in the thermal properties of the insulating glass pane. As mentioned above, gas media at lower sonic speeds than in air are beneficial from the standpoint of thermal isolation, and this advantage is enhanced when such media is confined within a narrow disc space where a steady convection current can not readily form.

Next, various preferred embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the schematic drawings. 2 shows a diagram of the sound insulation value across double insulating glass panes plotted against the frequency of the incident sound waves, FIG.

3 shows a diagram which shows the change in the average sound insulation value across a double insulating glass pane whose interpane space is filled with a gas medium in which the proportion of air is varied. FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a double insulating glass pane, FIG 6 shows a cross section through further double insulating glass panes in which a laminated single pane is installed, FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a triple insulating glass pane, 8 shows a diagram of the sound insulation value across triple insulating glass panes, plotted against the frequency of the incident sound waves, and FIGS. 9 and 10 each show a cross section through a further triple insulating glass pane.

In the examples, various test results are noted, it should be noted that all tests were made on 1.5 χ 2 ​​m large insulating glass panes. In individual cases, two values ​​are given for the sound insulation value across a special insulating glass pane.

It is the R value obtained according to the German VDI Guidelines 2719 and the I value measured according to the international standard ISO / R717. The tests were carried out in all cases so that the sound impinged on the thicker or thickest single disc of the insulating glass pane, as well as it is indicated by the drawn in Fig.l, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 arrows. As far as proportions of gases are given in gas mixtures, it is in all cases volume ratios. The values ​​of the heat transfer coefficient K are in W / m², 0 ° C indicated.

Fig.l shows a double insulating glass pane of two individual slices -1 and 2-, each of which consists of a single glass pane. The individual panes are spaced apart and the space between them is closed by a spacer bar -4- which is soldered to the metallised edges of the glass panes at -5. After assembly, the disc space -3- was purged with a gas so that the space was filled with a gas medium in which the speed of sound from the speed of sound in dry air at the same pressure and temperature by a factor of 0.3 to 0.95 , preferably 0.35 to 0.75, or more than 1.2 different.

W Comparative insulating glass pane --1-:

For comparative purposes, a comparative insulating glass panel was made of two 6 mm thick glass panes each, separated by a brazed spacer bar, to limit a 12 mm wide panes gap. This room was filled with air.

The sound insulation value was with R_w = 33 dB detected.

Comparative insulating glass pane -2-;

The comparative insulating glass pane -1- was treated with sulfur hexafluoride (SF_e ) rinsed until the

Disc space a gas medium of 25% SF₆ and 75% air. The speed of sound in this gas medium (Cg) is 78% of the speed of sound in air (Ca).

The sound insulation value was with R_w = 35 dB detected.

- 6 No. 366770

Comparative insulating glass pane --3-:

As described with reference to Fig. 1, another comparative insulating glass panel was prepared, except that the space between the panes -3- was left filled with air.

The two individual disks were 8 and 4 mm thick, respectively, giving a disk mass ratio of

2: 1, but with the same total mass of the disc as the comparative insulating glass pane -1 and 2- and the disc space was again 12 mm. The insulating glass pane had a heat transfer coefficient K = 2.95 W / m² · ° C. The resonance transmission maximum occurred at a frequency of Fr = 200 Hz and the sound attenuation value at this frequency was L = 22 dB. The sound insulation value was with R_w = I = 35 dB detected.

EXAMPLE 1 According to FIG. 1, an insulating glass pane of the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass pane -3 was constructed. The space between the panes was made with the same gas medium as with the comparative insulating pane -2-, namely with a mixture of 25% SF₆ and 75% air, filled.

The sound insulation value was measured with = 41 dB.

From this it can be seen that the adoption of each of the features which distinguishes the comparative insulating glass panes -2 and 3- from the comparative insulating glass pane -1- results in an improvement of the sound insulation value of 2 dB, but the combination of these features in the construction the insulating glass pane of Example 1 according to the invention an improvement of the sound insulation value R_w compared to the comparative insulating glass pane -1- not, as expected, of 4 dB, but of 8 dB results. This is attributable to the fact that the two features act synergistically.

Example 2: According to FIG. 1, an insulating glass pane having the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass pane -3- was constructed. The interpane space was mixed with difluorodichloromethane (Freon) (CC1₂ F₂ 1 filled. The speed of sound (Cg) in this gas is 44%

Speed ​​of sound (Ca) in air. The following test results were found:

R = 40 dB I = 39 dB wa

F_r = 160 Hz L = 19 dB

K = 2.67 W / cm² ° C

It can be seen that, despite the increase in the sound transmission at Resonanz30 maximum of the insulating glass pane according to Example 2, compared with the comparative insulating glass -3-, the insulating glass pane according to Example 2 gives better overall sound insulation and has a better thermal insulation effect. It should be noted that the frequency of the resonance maximum in the insulating glass pane according to Example 2 is also lower than in the comparative insulating glass pane according to Example 3.

<td>35 Example 3: The</td><td>pure freon in</td><td>the</td><td>insulating glass pane</td><td>according to Example 2 was</td><td>through a</td>

<td>Mixture of 50% Freon</td><td>(CC1₂ F₂) and</td><td>50%</td><td>Air replaced. The</td><td>subsequent results</td><td>were</td>

<td>hold:</td><td>Cg = 59% Ca</td><td></td><td>L</td><td>= 21 dB</td><td></td>

<td></td><td>R = I = 40 wa</td><td>dB</td><td>K</td><td>= 2.71 W / m² · ° C</td><td></td>

<td>40</td><td>F_r = 160 Hz</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

dB.

The figures show an improvement of the thermal and acoustic insulation, even compared to the insulating glass pane according to Example 2 and this proves that better results can be achieved by using an air content in the gas medium, as by using a pure gas.

Comparative insulating glass pane -4-:

As shown in Fig.l, an air-filled double insulating glass pane was prepared in which the two individual slices consisted of 6 or 4 mm thick glass and gave a pulp mass ratio of 1.5: 1, and the disc space was 12 mm wide.

For this insulating glass pane R is_w = I =

- 7 No. 366770

Although the value K was not measured for this insulating glass pane, it would be above the corresponding value of 2.54 W / m in view of the difference in the total glass thickness² · ° C for the comparative insulating glass pane -1-.

Example 4: According to FIG. 1, an insulating glass pane having the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass pane -4- was constructed. The space between the panes -3- was filled with a gas medium consisting of 10% freon (CC1₂F₂) and 90% air existed. The following results were found:

Cg = 87% Ca

L = 18 dB

R - I - 36 dB wa

F_O = 200 Hz n

K = 2.92 W / m² · ° C

It should be noted that this represents an improvement over the comparative insulating glass pane -4- and even a small improvement over the sound insulation value and the thermal insulation value of the comparative insulating glass -3- despite the larger thickness of the individual panes and the higher pulp mass ratio of this comparative insulating glass ,

Comparative insulating glass pane -5-:

As shown in Fig.l, an air-filled double insulating glass pane was prepared. The individual disks were made of glass and were 8 and 6 mm thick, had a disk mass ratio of 1.33: 1 and a total disk thickness of 14 mm. The space between the panes was 12 mm wide. The sound insulation value R ^ was determined to be 35 dB.

Example 5: The comparative insulating glass pane -5- was used and its space between the panes with SF₆ filled. For this gas Cg = 39% Ca.

The sound insulation value R_w was detected at 39 dB.

Comparative insulating glass pane -6-:

As shown in Fig.l, an air-filled double insulating glass pane was prepared. The individual glass panes, which were 10 or 4 mm thick, gave a pulp mass ratio of 2.5: 1 and the same total pane thickness as the comparative insulating pane -5-. The space between the panes was 12 mm wide again.

The sound insulation value R_w was found to be 36 dB.

Example 6: The comparative insulating glass pane -6- was used and its interpane space with SF₆ filled.

The sound insulation value R_w was measured at 41 dB.

A comparison of the insulating glass pane of Examples 5 and 6 and the comparative insulating glass pane shows two interesting features. By increasing the mass ratio of the disks at a constant total disk mass occurs an improvement in the sound insulation R_w on. Furthermore, it can be seen that the improvement in the sound insulation value between the insulating glass pane of Example 6 and the comparative insulating glass pane -6- is greater than between the insulating glass pane of Example 5 and the comparative insulating glass pane -5-. This shows that in the case of insulating glass panes of the same total mass, the above-mentioned synergistic effect is greater when the mass ratio of the individual panes of the insulating glass pane increases.

Example 7: According to Fig. 1, three insulating glass panes were constructed to show the effect of increasing the total mass of the pan to improve the achieved soundproofing.

In any case, the space between the panes was 12 mm wide and SF₆ filled.

Each insulating glass pane was compared with an air-filled, but otherwise identical insulating glass pane to the difference of the achieved sound insulation value AR_w determine.

In the case of the first insulating glass pane, the individual panes were 5 and 4 mm thick (9 mm in total, disk mass ratio 1.25: 1). AR ^ was found to be 8 dB.

In the case of the second insulating glass pane, the individual panes were 8 and 6 mm thick (total mm, disk mass ratio 1.33: 1). AR was found to be 4 dB.

w

In the case of the third insulating glass pane, a single pane was a laminate of two 6 mm thick

Glass sheets and the second disk was 9 mm thick (total 21 mm, disk mass ratio

1.33: 1). AR_w was found to be 1 dB.

Nr.366770

This example proves that the acoustic advantage achieved by the invention is lighter

Single discs are larger than heavier single discs of the same (or even slightly better) disc mass ratio.

Comparative insulating glass pane -7-:

An air-filled double insulating glass pane, as shown in Fig.l was made of 12 or 4 mm thick glass panes with a space between the panes of 12 mm. The disk mass ratio was 3: 1.

The following properties were found:

R = 36 dB L = 25 dB w

F_r = 250 to 300 Hz

EXAMPLE 8 According to FIG. 1, an insulating glass pane of the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass pane 7 was constructed. The disc space became CC1₂ F₂filled.

The following properties were detected:

Cg = 44% Ca F_ = 160 Hz n

R = 40 dB L = 14 dB w

It can be seen that an improvement in the sound insulation value R_w despite the increase in sound transmission at the resonant frequency of the insulating glass is present.

Example 9: According to Fig. 1, an insulating glass sheet was constructed with the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass sheet -7 and the insulating glass sheet of Example 8. The disc space was 20% CC1₂F₂ and 80% air filled.

The following properties were measured:

Cg = 78% Ca F_r = 160 Hz

R = 42 dB L = 23 dB w

This example and comparison with Example 8, as well as comparative insulating glass panel 7, illustrates the important fact that a mixture of a particular gas and air can impart better acoustical properties to insulating glass of given dimensions than either pure gas or clean air. It also shows that the proportion of such a gas can be relatively low and this has a favorable effect on the cost of the insulating glass pane.

Example 10: According to Fig.l was one with SF_s filled insulating glass pane with the same dimensions as the comparative insulating glass -7- constructed.

The following properties were observed:

Cg = 39% Ca F_R = 160 Hz

R = 41 dB L = 13 dB w

Compared with the comparative insulating glass panel -7-, there is an improvement in the sound insulation value of 5 dB.

Example 11: The insulating glass pane of Example 10 was treated with a gas medium of 25% SF₆ and 75% air filled.

The following properties were measured:

Cg = 78% Ca F_r = 160 Hz dB dB

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Again, it can be noted that the concomitant use of an amount of air in the gas medium has a beneficial effect on the sound attenuation at the resonant frequency compared to an insulating glass pane whose gas medium contains no air.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the sound insulation value across three double insulating glass panes at different sound frequencies. Curve a corresponds to the comparative insulating glass pane -7- and the curves b and c correspond to the insulating glass panes of Examples 10 and 11.

Curve a shows coincidence transmission maxima at 800 and 3150 Hz, corresponding to the critical coincidence frequencies of a 12 mm disk and a 4 mm disk, and a resonance transmission maximum between 250 and 300 Hz. At the frequency of the resonance transmission maximum (F ^), the sound insulation value (L) is 25 dB.

Curve b shows the sound insulation value over one with SF₆ filled insulating glass pane of the same dimensions. It can be seen that there is a considerable improvement over the middle frequency range, as well as a lesser but still noticeable improvement between the coincidence frequencies. Above the higher coincidence frequency there is essentially no difference between the curves a and b. Curve b shows a resonance transmission maximum at a frequency of 160 Hz where the sound attenuation value is 13 dB. It can be seen that the filling of the space between the panes of the insulating glass pane with SF₆ has caused a tightening of the resonance transmission maximum and that at frequencies below 200 Hz actually occurs a decrease in the achieved sound insulation value. This degradation at low frequencies is more than compensated for by the increase in sound attenuation over the frequency range of 200 Hz to the higher critical coincidence frequency, so that there is a net gain in sound attenuation R ^ of 5 dB.

The curve c shows the. Sound insulation over one with a gas medium of 25% SF₆ and 75% air-filled insulating glass of similar dimensions. It can be seen that above the higher critical coincidence frequency there is virtually no difference between the curve c and the curves a and b. There is a slight improvement between the critical frequencies even with respect to the curve b while the curve c over the middle frequency range shows a considerable improvement over the curve a, but lies below the curve b. Again, it should be noted that the resonance transmission maximum has been shifted to a low frequency (160 Hz), but in this case the sound absorption value at the resonance maximum is 21 dB. The sound insulation value R_w for the insulating glass pane of the curve c carries 42 dB and compared to the insulating glass pane of the curve a an improvement of 6 dB and compared to the insulating glass pane of the curve b of 1 dB.

To explain the effect of changing volume proportions of air in the gas medium within a double insulating glass pane reference is made to Figure 3, which shows in diagram form the improvement of the sound insulation value R, supported against changing air fractions, in a double-insulating glass with two in 12 mm spaced and 12 or 4 mm thick individual glass panes shows. The insulating glass panel was originally air-filled and the air was replaced by an increasing proportion of SF₆ replaced. It can be seen that the achieved acoustic improvement increases rapidly until the gas medium of 5% SF₆ and 95% air, and that from there the curve flattens to around 40% SF₆ and 60% air to reach a maximum. It should also be noted that with 10% SF₆ In the gas medium in the space between the panes of the insulating glass pane better results can be achieved than with 100% SF ₆ , Finally, it should be noted that the diagram refers to the comparative insulating glass pane as well as the insulating glass pane of Examples 10 and 11.

It was found that the orders of a similar diagram for an insulating glass pane with 12 mm distant and 6 or 4 mm thick individual glass panes, ie with a pulp mass ratio of 1.5: 1 compared to 3: 1, the maximum sound insulation value R is achieved, if w

the gas / air mixture in the space between the panes is 60% SF₆ contains.

Fig. 4: Fig. 4 shows another type of double insulating glass pane and comprises two individual panes -6 and 7- of glass with a space between the panes -8- and a spacer strip -9- fixed to the panes by an adhesive -10- The edges of the discs is glued, preserved and sealed. The spacer bar -9- is of box-like construction and the adhesive used can be of known type.

- 10 No. 366770

Comparative insulating glass pane -8-:

According to Figure 4, an air-filled insulating glass was built. The individual disks -6 and 7- were 8 and 5 mm thick and the space between the panes was 12 mm. The following properties were measured:

R_w = 37 dB L = 24 dB

F_r = 250 Hz

Example 12: The space between the panes of the comparative insulating glass pane -8- was marked SF₆filled. The following properties were measured:

R = 39 dB L = 13 dB w

F_r = 160 Hz

Despite the increase in the maximum resonance transmission, a net gain in sound attenuation R of 2 dB was achieved.

w

Example 13: The interpane space of the comparative insulating glass pane -8- was mixed with a mixture of 25% SF_e and 75% air filled.

The following properties were found:

R = 41 dB L = 23 dB w

F_r = 160 Hz K = 2.78 W / m² · ° C

These properties are even an improvement over the insulating glass pane of Example 12.

Comparative insulating glass pane -9-:

The space between the panes of the comparative insulating glass panel -8- has been increased from 12 to 20 mm.

Example 14: The interpane space of the comparative insulating glass pane -9- was marked SF₆filled. The following values ​​were measured:

R = 40 dB L = 13 dB w

F_r = 160 Hz

Example 15: The space between the panes of the comparative insulating glass pane -9- was mixed with a mixture of 25% SF_s and 75% air filled.

The following values ​​were measured:

R = 41 dB L = 19 dB w

F_r = 125 Hz

Comparative insulating glass pane -10-:

4, an air-filled insulating glass pane was built. The individual disks -6 and 7- were made of glass and 9 or 5 mm thick and the space between the panes was 20 mm wide.

Example 16: The comparative insulating glass pane -10- was filled with a mixture of 90% helium and 10% air.

The following properties were observed:

Cg = 232% Ca

The increase in the sound insulation value was AR_w = +5 dB.

Nr.366770

It was found that the sound insulation achieved by this insulating glass pane was greater even in the region of the resonance frequencies than the sound insulation achieved by the comparative insulating glass pane. The thermal insulation achieved by the insulating glass pane of this example was not as good as that of the comparative insulating glass pane -10-, however, as already stated, good thermal insulation is not always required by an insulating glass pane intended for soundproofing.

Example 17: The Comparative Insulating Disk -10- was filled with a mixture of 40% helium and 60% air. The following properties were measured:

Cg = 127% Ca

AR = +2 dB w

Thus, the sound attenuation achieved by this insulating glass panel was improved over that of the comparative insulating glass panel -10-, but was not as large as the value obtained by the insulating glass panel of Example 16. On the other hand, the insulating glass sheet of Example 17 was better in heat insulation than that of Example 16.

From the comparison of Examples 16 and 17 it can be seen that when using a gas mixture in which the speed of sound is greater than in air, a low volume fraction of air in the mixture gives better sound insulation than higher proportions, but at the same time the thermal insulation of the insulating glass pane is reduced.

Comparative insulating glass pane -11-:

For comparison purposes, an air-filled comparative insulating glass was built as shown in Figure 4, in which the single -6- 12 mm thick, the single -7-7 mm thick and the disc space was 12 mm wide. The following properties were observed:

<td>R</td><td>= 38 dB</td><td>L = 24 dB</td>

<td>w</td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>= 39 dB</td><td>K = 2.91 W / m² · ° C</td>

<td>^fr</td><td>= 250 Hz</td><td></td>

Example 18: The comparative insulating glass pane -11- was replaced with SF₆ filled and found the following properties:

R = 43 dB L = 14 dB w

F "= 160 Hz K = 2.86 W / m² · ° C n

Thus, the insulating glass panel of Example 18 provides improved heat and sound insulation than the comparative insulating glass panel -11-.

Example 19: The comparative insulating glass pane -11- was treated with a mixture of 25% SF₆and 75% air filled, with the following results:

R = 44 dB L = 21 dB w

F_d = 160 Hz K = 2.76 W / m² · ° C n

These numbers are even an improvement over the insulating glass of Example 18.

Further, comparing Examples 12 and 13 with Examples 18 and 19, respectively, it will be noted that the latter show better results. This is at least partially attributable to the larger disk mass ratio of the latter examples.

Example 20: The comparative insulating glass -11- was filled with helium and the following properties were measured:

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Cg = 290% Ca K = 4.07 W / m² , ° C

R₂ = 46 dB

It can be seen that. This insulating glass gives extremely good results from the acoustic point of view, but at the expense of thermal insulation.

Example 21: Comparative Insulating Glass-11 was filled with a mixture of 56% helium and 44% air and the following results were measured:

Cg = 145% Ca K = 3.49 W / m² · ° C

R = 44 dB w

This represents a very acceptable compromise since high acoustic insulation is achieved without having to accept such a decrease in thermal insulating properties as given by the insulating glass pane of Example 20.

Example 22: The comparative insulating glass sheet -11- was filled with a mixture containing between 80 and 85% helium and the balance CH ". It was found that even this insulating glass gave an extremely good sound insulation.

Example 23: The comparative insulating glass -11- was coated with a mixture of 95% helium and 5% SF₆ filled. The following properties were found:

Cg = 174% Ca (calculated); F ^ = 160 Hz

R = I = 45 dB; L = 31 dB wa

It is noted that the insulating glass pane containing a gas medium which is a mixture of two gases in which the speed of sound is greater than in air and in the other this speed is lower than in air, is particularly effective at the low listening frequencies. The sound reduction value at the resonance transmission maximum is about 7 dB higher than with the corresponding air-filled comparative insulating glass pane -11-.

Example 24: The comparative insulating glass -11- was coated with a mixture of 50% neon and 50% SF_e filled. The following results were found:

Cg = 58.5% Ca (calculated) F_ = 160 Hz n

R = I = 44 dB wa

The figures show an improvement in the sound insulation value R compared to the corresponding w air-filled comparison insulating glass pane -11- of 6 dB.

Example 25: The comparative insulating glass -11- was filled with neon and found the following properties:

Cg = 131% Ca F_r = 250 Hz

R = I = 41 dB wa

It is to be noted that despite the fact that the resonant frequency was unchanged compared to the comparative insulating glass pane, an improvement in the soundproofing value of 2 or 3 dB was obtained depending on the selected measuring method.

Example 26: The comparative insulating glass sheet -11- was treated with methane (CH _M ) and observe the following results.

Cg = 129% Ca F_r = 250 Hz dB dB

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In comparison with an air-filled insulating glass of the same dimensions is a

Improvement of the average sound insulation, which is achieved by this insulating glass pane.

Example 27: To illustrate the effect of mixing air to the gas medium in an insulating glass panel, the comparative insulating glass sheet -11- was mixed with a mixture of 50% CH₉ and 50% air filled. It was:

Cg = 113% Ca (calculated) Fp = 160 Hz

R = I = 43 dB wa

This shows a notable improvement over both an air-filled insulating glass panel of the same dimensions (comparative insulating glass panel -11-) and the methane-filled insulating glass panel of Example 26.

Example 28: In order to further explain the effect of using gas mixtures, the comparative insulating glass sheet -11- was mixed with a gas mixture consisting of 75% CHu and 25% SF₆filled.

Cg = 73% Ca (calculated) Fp between 160 and 200 Hz

R = I = 44 dB L greater than 25 dB wa ⁶

This clearly shows a very effective sound-absorbing insulating glass pane.

Example 29: The comparative iso-glass sheet -11- was mixed with a mixture of 50% CO₂and 50% air filled. The following properties were observed:

Cg = 88% Ca (calculated) Fp = 160 Hz

R = I - 43 dB K = 2.79 W / m² · ° C wa

This is another very effective, sound insulating insulating glass pane, which also gives improved thermal insulation.

Example 30: The comparative iso-glass sheet -11- was filled with argon.

Cg = 93% C Fp = 200 Hz

R = 44 dB L = 23 dB w

I = 42 dB a

It should be noted that there is an improvement in the sound insulation compared to the corresponding air-filled insulating glass pane.

Example 31: The comparative iso-glass sheet -11- was mixed with a mixture of 75% argon and 25% SF₆ filled. The following results were observed:

Cg = 69% Ca Fp between 160 and 200 Hz

R = I - 45 dB L = 28 dB wa

From these results it can be seen that this is an extremely effective sound-insulating insulating glass pane.

Example 32: The comparative iso-glass sheet -11- was filled with isohutane.

Cg = 63% Ca

R = I = 44 dB wa

F_d = 160 Hz n

L = 25 dB

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These results show that here is another very effective sound-insulating insulating glass pane.

Fig. 5: Further embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to Fig. 5, which shows a double insulating glass pane containing as a single pane -21- a laminate consisting of two panes of glass -22, 23- which by means of a layer - 24- of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are interconnected. The glass sheets -22 and 23- are each 6 mm thick and the PVB layer -24- is 1.14 mm thick and was formed from a number of commercially available 0.38 mm thick PVB films. The individual slab -21- is separated from the 4 mm thick single slab -25- by a 12 mm wide slab gap -26- which is maintained and sealed by means of a spacer slab -27-, and at -28- to the metallized edge portions of the two Single discs is soldered.

Comparative insulating glass pane -12-:

According to Figure 5, an air-filled double insulating glass pane was assembled. For this insulating glass pane, the sound insulation value R ^ = 39 dB.

Example 33: The comparative insulating glass pane -12- was replaced with CC1₂F₂ filled.

R = 42 dB L = 18 dB w

F_r = 160 Hz

Example 34: The comparative insulating glass -12- was coated with a mixture of 50% CC1₂F₂and 50% air filled.

R = 44 dB L = 23 dB w

F_R = 160 Hz

It can be seen that it is advantageous to mix a portion of air with the gas medium of an insulating glass pane constructed in this way.

Comparative insulating glass pane -13-:

Consistent with Fig. 5, an air-filled double insulating glass panel was constructed except that the disc space was sealed using a bonded spacer bar similar to that described in Fig. 4. The space between the panes was 12 mm wide. R_w was detected at 39 dB.

Example 35: The comparative insulating glass -13- was mixed with a mixture of 40% SF₆ and 60% air filled. R_w was measured at 47 dB and shows that this insulating glass gives an extremely good sound insulation.

6 shows a double insulating glass pane with a 12 mm thick single pane -30- made of glass, which is held at a distance from a further single pane -31- consisting of three 3 mm thick glass panes -32, 33 and 34- by means of two each 0.76 mm thick

PVB layers -35, 36- are interconnected. The space between the panes -37- is 12 mm wide and held by means of the spacer strip -38-, which is soldered at -39- to the metallised edges of the two individual panes.

Example 36: According to FIG. 6, an insulating glass pane was assembled, in which the space between the panes and a gas medium of 25% CC1₂F₂ and 75% air was filled.

Cg = 73% Ca L = 28 dB

R - I = 44 dB K = 2.72 W / m² · ° C wa

F_r = 125 Hz

It can be seen that the insulating glass pane brings good results for both the thermal and the acoustic insulation.

The following examples relate to triple insulating glass panes.

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7 shows a triple insulating glass pane of three, 10 or 4 or 4 mm thick individual glass -40, 41, 42 made of glass, through the 6 and 12 mm wide inter-pane spaces -43 and 44th - Are separated from each other, which are sealed against each other and against the atmosphere by box profile spacer strips -45 and 46-, which are fixed between the individual discs by adhesive -47-. The mass of the single disk -40- is 2.5 times that of the other two individual disks -41, 42-. The one disc space is twice as far as the other.

Comparative insulating glass panel -14-:

According to Fig. 7, an air-filled triple insulating glass panel was assembled for comparison. The average sound insulation value over this insulating glass pane is in the range of 40 dB. When plotting a plot of the incident sound frequencies against the sound attenuation value over the insulating glass panel, it is found that there are two resonance transmission maxima occurring at F ^ = 200 Hz and F '^ = 315 Hz.

Example 37: The narrower disc space -43- of the comparative insulating glass -14- was filled with a mixture of 5% SF₆ and 95% air (Cg lower than Ca) and the remaining space between the panes filled with helium (Cg = 290% Ca). In this insulating glass pane, the sound insulation value R_w = I_a = 50 dB, It was found that the lower frequency of the resonance transmission maximum was shifted to 125 Hz, while F '^ remained substantially equal to the comparative insulating glass -14-.

8 shows a diagram which shows the sound insulation value applied over an insulating glass pane against the various incident sound frequencies. The curve b of FIG. 8 corresponds to the comparative insulating glass pane -14- and the curve a of the insulating glass pane of Example 37. It can be seen that above the lower frequency of the maximum resonance transmission peak of the insulating glass pane of Example 37, this gives a marked improvement in sound insulation over the comparative insulating glass pane-virtually all auditory frequencies and in particular over the range of resonant frequencies.

Example 38: According to FIG. 7, an insulating glass pane was assembled in which the narrower space between the panes and SF₆ and the other space between the panes was filled with helium. As mentioned above, SF amounts to₆ the value Cg = 39% Ca and for helium Cg = 290% Ca. In the case of this insulating glass pane, the frequency of the lower resonance transmission maximum was shifted from 200 to 160 Hz and the sound insulation value R was measured to be 46 dB.

Example 39: Consistent with Fig. 7, an insulating glass panel was constructed in which both disc spaces were filled with helium. In this insulating glass pane, it was measured that R_w = 47 dB.

Example 40: According to Fig. 7, an insulating glass pane was constructed in which the narrower space between the panes was mixed with a mixture of 95% SF₆ and 5% He and the other space between the panes with a mixture of 5% SF₆ and 95% he was filled. The sound insulation value R_w was detected at 46 dB.

9: Further triple insulating glass panes according to the invention can be constructed as shown in FIG. The insulating glass pane comprises a single pane of glass 10 mm thick -50- which is secured by a box-profile spacer strip -51- to a 4 mm thick glass single pane -52-. The spacer strip is bonded to the two individual disks by means of the adhesive -53- and shaped so that a shoulder -54- is formed, against which a (also 4 mm thick) glass intermediate disk -55- by a spacer strip -56-, for example made of butyl rubber , is held. The space between the panes -57 and 58- between the single pane -50- and the intermediate pane -55- or between the washer -55- and the single disk -52- communicate with each other through holes -59 and 60- in the spacer bar -51-.

Example 41: According to Fig. 9, a triple insulating glass pane was built and its interior was made with a mixture of 33% CO₂ and 67% air filled. The interpane spaces -57 and 58- were 2.5 and 9.5 mm, respectively. This insulating glass pane was tested with the sound impinging on its thinner outer single pane. It was found that R = I = 41 dB versus 39 dB for a corresponding air filled panel. The improvement in the sound insulation value achieved by this insulating glass pane was particularly noteworthy in the area of ​​the resonance frequencies.

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Comparative insulating glass pane -15-:

The insulating glass pane of Example 41 was modified by enlarging the further space between the panes to a width of more than 11 mm, the total sum of the widths of the panes

Space between panes was kept the same. This insulating glass sheet was filled with air and it was found that R_w = 41 dB when the insulating glass pane was tested with the sound impinging upon its thicker outer pane -50-, as shown by the arrow in Fig.9.

Example 42: The comparative insulating glass -15- was replaced with CC1₂ F₂ filled to find that I = 42 dB and R = 44 dB.

aw

Example 43: The comparative insulating glass -15- was mixed with a mixture of 58% CC1₂F₂ and 42% air filled.

Cg = 56% Ca I = 45 dB ° a

R = 47 dB w

This shows that by using a partly consisting of air gas medium a

Increasing the soundproofing can be achieved.

Example 44: The comparative insulating glass -15- was coated with a mixture of 50% SF₆ and 50% air filled. It was found that R = I = 45 dB.

wa

The use of a clean gas in the interpane spaces of an insulating glass pane according to FIG. 9 shifts the lower resonance transmission maximum to a lower frequency, but at the same time reduces the sound attenuation value at this (changed) maximum frequency in comparison with a correspondingly dimensioned, air-filled insulating glass pane. By mixing such clean gas with air, however, it is possible to prevent the effects of maximum resonance transmittance.

Comparative insulating glass panel -16-:

Referring to Fig. 9, an air-filled triple insulating glass panel was assembled except that the spacer bar -51- was reversed so as to hold the intermediate panel -55- closer to the thinner outer panel -52- than to the thicker panel -50-. The remaining space between the thicker single lens -50- and the washer -55- was 9.5 mm and the narrower space 2.5 mm wide. In the test with sound impinging on the thicker outer pane, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 9, the sound reduction value was set to R_w = 39 dB measured.

Example 45: The comparative insulating glass -16- was replaced with SF ₆ filled and tested in a corresponding manner. It was found that the sound insulation value R ^ = I = 41 dB.

Example 46: The comparative insulating glass -16- was mixed with a mixture of 19% SF₆ and 81% air filled. It became R_w = I_fl = 42 dB measured.

Example 47: The insulating glass panes of Examples 45 and 46 were made by enlarging the

Width of the other disc space to more than 11 mm and reducing the width of the narrower disc space modified so that the total width of the disc spaces remained hot 12 mm. In each case, an improvement in the R value of about 1 dB was achieved.

Example 48: (Figure 10). An insulating glass pane according to the invention, which gives particularly good results in terms of both acoustic and thermal properties, can be assembled as shown in FIG. According to the figure, 3 individual glass panes -61, 62 and 63- are spaced apart by a box profile spacer bar glued to the individual panes -61 and 62-. The spacer strip -64- is provided with a recess -65-, which forms a shoulder against which the washer -63- is held in the manner shown in Fig.9. A narrow space between the panes -66- between the individual panes -61 and 63- is connected to the space between the panes -67- via holes designated in the spacer bar with -70-. The washer -63- carries on its boundary surface against the further space between the panes -67- a coating -68-, which serves the reflection of infrared radiation. Such a layer may, for example, be made of copper,

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Consist of gold or tin oxide. Each surface of the other individual disks -61 and 62- carries a coating -69- which serves to reduce the reflection of visible light. These coatings, for example, may consist of titanium oxide or silicon oxide and provide increased light transmission and prevent the appearance of double images when viewing objects through the insulating glass panes. Of course, other combinations of coatings as well as other coating materials are possible.

An insulating glass pane constructed according to FIG. 10 can be filled, for example, with a gas medium according to Examples 41 to 47. When a gas medium described in these examples is used and the insulating glass sheet of the present example is constructed with the same dimensions as the insulating glass sheet of the corresponding example, it is found that the sound insulation value achieved by the insulating glass sheet of the present example is very similar.

In one variant, both surfaces of the intermediate disc -63- can be provided with an infrared-reflecting coating. In another variant, one of the antireflective coatings is replaced by an infrared reflective coating. In another variant, the two disc spaces are isolated from each other. In this variant, the two disc spaces can be filled with different gas media. For example, a medium in which Cg is smaller than Ca may be supplied to the narrow space between the panes to give good thermal properties to the insulating glass pane, while a medium in which Cg is larger than Ca is supplied to the wider pan space for good soundproofing to achieve. In particular, the space between the panes can be filled with such gas media as described in Examples 37, 38 and 40, using insulating glass panes of similar dimensions. similar sound insulation achieved.

It will be understood that each of the examples given herein may be modified, for example, by using another gas medium, in particular a gas medium, as illustrated in any of the other examples, and that referring to each of FIGS. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 described one or more surface coating, such as a coating described in Example 48 can be applied to the individual panes.

Further, a desiccant may be introduced into the or each space between the panes of an insulating glass pane described in any of the examples. This can be done very conveniently by using a box-profile spacer strip, as explained with reference to each of Figures 4, 7, 9 and 10, wherein one or more holes are provided in the spacer bar or a cavity is formed so that it Inside communicating with the adjacent pane space. The desiccant may then be placed in the spacer bar.

Finally, the inner surface of a spacer bar may be covered with a sound absorbing material such as felt. This may have a particularly beneficial effect on the resonance transmission maximum, especially if the gas medium used is one in which the speed of sound is less than in air.