Method and device for locating a sound event on a magnetic tape

Start of patent duration: longest possible duration;

© Issued on:

@ Inventor:

VIENNA

1979 12 15

1980 07 25

FRIENDSHIP OTTO DIPL.ING. AUSTRIA © Dependency: '© Pamphlets considered to delineate the state of the art:

357 792

H

- 2 No. 357792

The invention relates to a system for assigning a mark or the like on a magnetic tape. stored sound event, in particular for signaling or marking the beginning and / or end of the sound event with at least one drive means for the transport of the magnetic tape in the flow and return direction, wherein the drive means for the magnetic tape control means for automatic playback repeat operation for at least one Part of the magnetic tape is assigned and connected to a sound head playback amplifier for the sound event.

In particular, for cutting, fading, mixing, etc. of a sound event already recorded on a magnetic tape with a further sound event, for transferring information stored on a magnetic tape to a sound film during the sounding, it is unavoidable for the user of the apparatus to unambiguously find those tape positions. at which the sound event or the gap between two already recorded sound events begins. Depending on the desired manipulation with the device, this tape position must be positioned precisely in front of the recording or playback head of the magnetic tape device. This is only empirically feasible, in particular, in the case of audio cassette machines, experience has shown that hardly any satisfactory positioning can be achieved even for the skilled amateur.

From DE-AS 1117325 a running control device for magnetic tape devices is known, which has a control unit with which the operation of the device is automatically and cyclically switched. For this purpose, preset counters are provided which actuate control contacts at predetermined Zählmarken. By means of these known measures, recordings, in particular in the field of data processing, can be repeatedly reproduced automatically, so that different evaluations can be carried out time sequentially. The assignment of a mark of a certain, optionally freely selectable recording is not possible.

The invention has for its object to provide a system with which a mark in the form of a signal can be assigned exactly a stored on a magnetic tape sound event. According to the invention, it is proposed in a system of the type mentioned that a memory device is provided, the memory contents can be brought by a switching device from the user in functional connection with the marked sound event in relation to the belt delivery, the memory contents preferably at the time of functional Linkage with the band conveying, in particular in the reproduction repeat mode, can be transformed into a control signal for activating a signal device whose signal emission is provided as a marking, and in which a device for possibly arbitrary,

Counter is assigned and the output signal is also supplied to the drive reversing device for their control and preferably a switch-on device for the reproducing devices of Auf2eichneten sound event for their activation, that the counter has a third result output, which is associated with the count when activating the counter, which Zählwerkstand amount is preferably provided between the counts of the first and second result output, wherein the signal derived from the third result output is provided for activating the signaling device. Through these special measures it is achieved that a sound event can be marked by relatively simple manipulations on the device, whereby the cutting of recordings, The synchronous dubbing on a motion picture film is not only simplified, but also made feasible. Essentially

- 3 Nr, 357792 is assigned by a kind of pendulum operation of the band in question the mark the sound event.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings in several embodiments, for example. Fig.la shows schematically a magnetic tape compact cassette including the associated sound heads, Fig.lb illustrates the running of the magnetic tape during the assignment of a marker, Figure 2 shows schematically in block diagram a circuit arrangement for assigning a marker, Figure 3 also shows schematically the arrangement a device according to the invention with a sound film projector for the synchronous playback of sound events on the sound film, wherein FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the arrangement according to FIG. FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5 a shows a diagram for FIG. 5.

In Fig.la is denoted by -1- a magnetic tape cassette of the type of a compact cassette, in which the magnetic tape -2- from a supply reel -3- unspecified pulleys on the take-up reel -4-- is performed. Through unmarked windows in the cassette wall, the recording / reproducing head -5- and the erasing head -6- are applied to the magnetic tape -2-. The transport of the magnetic tape -2- takes place via a capstan drive formed from capstan 7 and pinch roller 8.

The transport of the magnetic tape -2- must be carried out at a uniform speed, for which, as shown in Fig. 2 it can be seen, the electric motor -9- for driving the capstan -7- capstan drive a speed control device is assigned. This speed control device has a rigid disk coupled to the capstan -10-, the bar marks of which are arranged in the beam path of a light barrier formed by a light source -11- and a photoelectric converter -12-. The signal frequency of the photoelectric transducer -12- is in functional connection with the transport speed of the magnetic tape -2- and the speed sensor -13- is supplied. The speed sensor -13- compares that of the photoelectric barrier -11, 12- derived signal frequency with one of the desired speed of the magnetic tape corresponding frequency and fed via its output -14- corresponding to the electric motor -9-. The sound event recorded on the magnetic tape -2- is read from the reproducing head -5- which is connected to the low-frequency amplifier -15-. At the output of the low frequency amplifier -15- the loudspeaker -16- is connected; the volume can be adjusted via the potentiometer -17-. Furthermore, the amplifier -15- has the line output -18-, on the example, the recording of the magnetic tape another tape, a sound film projector or the like. can be leaked. which is connected to the low-frequency amplifier -15-. At the output of the low frequency amplifier -15- the loudspeaker -16- is connected; the volume can be adjusted via the potentiometer -17-. Furthermore, the amplifier -15- has the line output -18-, on the example, the recording of the magnetic tape another tape, a sound film projector or the like. can be leaked. which is connected to the low-frequency amplifier -15-. At the output of the low frequency amplifier -15- the loudspeaker -16- is connected; the volume can be adjusted via the potentiometer -17-. Furthermore, the amplifier -15- has the line output -18-, on the example, the recording of the magnetic tape another tape, a sound film projector or the like. can be leaked.

If, for example, the beginning of an already recorded piece of music is to be marked, the key -19- of the mode control device -20- is to be pressed to initiate the playback operation of the magnetic tape device. Hiebei also the playback amplifier -15- is turned on and as soon as the sound event to be marked on the speaker -16- for the user is audible, this has the key switch -21- the marker controller -22- to operate. By this means the counter -23- is activated, whereby the signal of the photoelectric transducer 12 derived from the markings of the disk -10- is used as counting pulses. The pulse frequency is very high in terms of a good control of the speed of the sound wave -7-. However, a relatively low pulse frequency is sufficient for the assignment of the marking, in particular if the device is used to record the sound event to, for example, a Super 8 amateur movie projector. In such a sound projector, the motion picture film is usually transported at a frame rate of 18 frames / sec. This means that it is sufficient to supply pulses to the counter with a pulse repetition frequency of 18 Hz. As a result, the counter -23- can be kept low in their electronic components effort and still sufficient synchronicity between image scene and sound event are produced. For the transformation of the relatively high mark frequencies of the disc -10- to the lower frame rate, the frequency divider -24- is provided. By the initial actuation of the button -19- the mode controller -20- (flow) was the line train -25, 26- of the speed control controller -13- for the electric motor -9- activated in the corresponding sense and the counter -23- on the mode Set up counting. The beginning of the counting process of the counter -23- the count "0" is assigned. The corresponding output -27- of the counter -23- activates an optical signal device in the form of the incandescent lamp -28-, whose light emission as a marker signal

- 4 No. 357792 is provided. From Fig.lb also the lamp -28- can be seen, which is activated at the beginning of counting in the forward direction of the magnetic tape -2-. The advance operation of a magnetic tape device is maintained until the meter reading "+20" is reached. The meter output "+20" associated output -29- of the counter -23- is connected to the mode controller -20- and initiates the return mode. Hiebei a corresponding control signal via the line -30- the speed control device -13- is supplied. The counting device -23- is switched to the "counting down" operating mode via cable run -31-.

The magnetic tape then runs according to the dashed line RL1 in return direction, u.zw. until the counter reading "-20" is reached. The output of the counter -23- associated with the counter reading "-20" is designated -32- and supplies a control signal to the mode control device -20-, by means of which the operating mode feedforward with reproduction of the recorded sound events is again initiated. In Fig.lb this schematic flow is denoted VL1. During the flow VL1 the user of the device listens for the magnetic tape -2- via the loudspeaker -16- according to FIG. Hiebei the counting device -23- is set to the operating mode "counting up" and counts, starting from the counter reading "-20" over the counter reading "0" again up to the counter reading "+20". When the counter reading "0" is reached, the signal lamp -28- is activated according to FIG. At the same time, however, the user hears the sound event and, using the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, he can now determine whether the marking by the emission of the light source has actually taken place at the time of the occurrence of the sound event. Due to the physiological response time, the signal emission of the light source -28- during the pre-run VL1 will most likely be perceived later than the sound event at the playback head -5-. This means that a correction of the assignment of the light signal to the sound event must be performed. At the same time, however, the user hears the sound event and, using the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, he can now determine whether the marking by the emission of the light source has actually taken place at the time of the occurrence of the sound event. Due to the physiological response time, the signal emission of the light source -28- during the pre-run VL1 will most likely be perceived later than the sound event at the playback head -5-. This means that a correction of the assignment of the light signal to the sound event must be performed. At the same time, however, the user hears the sound event and, using the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, he can now determine whether the marking by the emission of the light source has actually taken place at the time of the occurrence of the sound event. Due to the physiological response time, the signal emission of the light source -28- during the pre-run VL1 will most likely be perceived later than the sound event at the playback head -5-. This means that a correction of the assignment of the light signal to the sound event must be performed. Due to the physiological response time, the signal emission of the light source -28- during the pre-run VL1 will most likely be perceived later than the sound event at the playback head -5-. This means that a correction of the assignment of the light signal to the sound event must be performed. Due to the physiological response time, the signal emission of the light source -28- during the pre-run VL1 will most likely be perceived later than the sound event at the playback head -5-. This means that a correction of the assignment of the light signal to the sound event must be performed.

After the counter reading "+20" has been reached again at the flow VL1, the return flow RL2 is initiated by the operating mode switching device -20- until the counter reading "-20" is reached again. The user of the device has determined that the marker signal has occurred too late; To correct the error, for example, he sets the activation of the signal lamp -28- by two counts for the counter -23-. These pulses are manually introduced by the user in the device u.zw. by one or more actuation of one of the keys -33 or 34- of the marking control device -22-. A single actuation of the -33- key reduces the count of the counter -23- by one counter value. In the described case, therefore, the key -34- is pressed twice to increase the count, as shown by the pulses II and 12 in Fig.lb. As a result, the counter reading "-18" is established, from which now the tape transport in the playback mode VL2 is performed. The count "0" is reached by the manual input of the pulses II and 12 earlier, namely by two counter values, whereby the light source -28- lights up earlier. Since the magnetic tape has been acoustically monitored at the same time, it is again determined whether there is a time coincidence of the damage event with the light emission of the light bulb -28-. is reached by the manual input of the pulses II and 12 earlier, namely by two counts, whereby the light source -28- lights up earlier. Since the magnetic tape has been acoustically monitored at the same time, it is again determined whether there is a time coincidence of the damage event with the light emission of the light bulb -28-. is reached by the manual input of the pulses II and 12 earlier, namely by two counts, whereby the light source -28- lights up earlier. Since the magnetic tape has been acoustically monitored at the same time, it is again determined whether there is a time coincidence of the damage event with the light emission of the light bulb -28-.

The user of the device but has determined during the flow VL2 that now the lamp -28- has been activated before the occurrence of the sound event, ie the mark has been assigned too early. In order to set the marking later, the key -33- is pressed, which has the consequence that the count at the end of the forward VL2 to the value "+19" decreases (pulse 13). Reaching the counter reading "+20" again causes the return RL3 of the magnetic tape to the count "-20", after which the playback operation is again initiated in the flow VL3. When the meter reading "0" is reached, the lamp -28- is switched on again. compared to the activation during the flow VL2 by one pulse - 13 - later, whereby the user has determined that now temporal agreement between the mark and the occurrence of the sound event to be marked is present. It is thus given a fixed assignment between the counter content and the magnetic tape, so that in a simple manner, for example, the beginning of a piece of music or the like repeated. can be detected and positioned. In the positioning, in this embodiment, the gap of the reproduced sound head -5- is used as a reference.

In the circuit arrangement according to Figure 2, the use of a counter -23- was taken with relatively few counting stages, so that it was necessary to change the

- 5 No. 357792

Counter reading for the purpose of correcting the assignment of the marker signal only when reaching the counter limits "+20" or "-20" to perform, with the condition is given that upon reaching the count "+20" only a reduction and upon reaching the count " -20 "only an increase may be made. Hiedurch one finds the Auslangen with a counter with 40 counting stages. However, in order to simplify the operation of the device in this sense, the signal paths of the counter outputs "+20" and "-20" in the mode control device, a timer t is assigned, is effected by the magnetic tape after reaching the counter readings "+ 20 and -20 " for a certain period of time - for example, over 10 s - stopped and then only a drive is initiated in the opposite direction. At the same time the timer each one of the signal lamps --35, 36- is controlled, each of the correction keys -33 and 34- are assigned. Analogously, the key -34- associated signal lamp -35- only lights up when counter or magnetic tape is in such a position that an increase of the count is possible. The signal lamp -36- lights up when reaching the other end position, namely, if a reduction of the count is possible. Furthermore, the winding device for the unwinding and take-up reel -3, 4- shown in FIG. 1a is also controlled by the operating mode control device -20- via the outputs -37 and 38-. Whether or not the capstan motor 9 is driven during the retrace depends on the construction of the magnetic tape apparatus. In principle, however, it is necessary in the embodiment according to Figure 2, that both during the flow and the return in the positioning of the mark, the pinch roller -8- firmly on the magnetic tape -2- or on the capstan -7-. If the motor -9- switched off during the return, ie there is no signal supply via the cable train -30- to the speed control device -13-, the unillustrated (reverse) winding drive must be used for the return transport of the magnetic tape. In addition, however, a so-called double-Capstanantrieb is conceivable, in each of which a sound wave is provided on both sides of the recording / playback sound head according to Fig.la.

In Fig.la also marked within the dashed line frame a dashed disc -39- is located, which is non-positively in operative connection with the take-up reel -4-. This disc -39- with the bar marks can be used in place of the disc -10- of Figure 2, wherein it is then possible that the capstan drive -7, 8 and 9- during the return phase entirely from the operative position, ie lifting the Pinch roller -8-, can be brought. Hiebei care, however, that the Strichmarkierungsscheibe -39- is dimensioned such that on the also used light barrier -11, 12- even at low winding speed of the take-up reel -4-, ie, achieved at high winding core diameter, a sufficiently high frequency of the bar marks becomes,

The counter -23- can also be designed such that the physiological reaction time of the user is preprogrammed eliminated, which can be done in that the signal for activating the lamp -28- is already performed before reaching the count "0". The value of this temporal advance may optionally be determined by the user of the device itself a first assignment of a mark and optionally entered via a coding switch for later operation.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the interconnection of an amateur sound film projector -40- with a cassette tape recorder equipped with the device according to the invention. The motion picture film -41- is transported from a supply spool -42- to the take-up spool -43-, for example at an image speed of 18 fps. The magnetic tape cassette recorder -44- has the playback speaker -16- and the marker controller -22- with the keys -21, 33 and 34- of Fig. 2. On the switch -45- not shown in the circuit arrangement according to Figure 2, the entire marker control device can be switched on and off, the marking of the tape position is also carried out with a signal lamp -28-. With the device for assigning a marking, the playback of a sound on the sound film -41- should be done. It is assumed, for example, is a scene in which a car door slammed. Hiebei it is particularly important in such spontaneously occurring noises that temporal agreement

- 6 No. 357792 exists between the pictorial process and the sound event. The sound of slamming the car door is stored as a sound event on the magnetic tape in the cassette of the device -44-. On the basis of the method described in Fig.l and 2, the beginning of this noise was marked u.zw. in the sense that the marker signals the positioning of the beginning of the sound on the playback sound head. Thereafter, the motion picture film in the Laufbüdprojector -40- is to be transported such that the image at which the noise first appears is brought in front of the image window. In the case of the request of a car door, this is the picture in which the car door falls into the lock. The sound projector -40- has an automatic start, with the "flying start" both started a tape recorder and at already achieved continuous transport speed of the motion picture film -41- the sound recording device of the projector -40- (erase oscillator, recording amplifier, etc.) is turned on. As a result, a nearly seamless and jaulfreies recording information is possible. Such a device is described for example in AT-PS No. 277151.

After the frame in question has been brought in front of the image window of the projector -40-, the starting device is activated, whereby the Laufbüdfilm is transported back. The return transport extends to about 19 to 20 frames. Depending on the ramp-up time of the drive means of the magnetic tape recorder -44- but also the magnetic tape device in time, ie to put into operation before the actual setting of the Laufbüdfilmes. According to the diagram according to FIG. 4, it is assumed that the run-up time for the transport devices of the running film in the projector 40 is about one second, ie 18 times, until the continuous transport speed VI is reached. In a magnetic tape device, especially in devices without mechanical flywheel, the run-up time is extremely short. Devices of the highest class reach their strip speed target speed in fractions of seconds. The magnetic tape device according to FIG. 3 can therefore be put into operation much later than the film projector -40-. It is perfectly sufficient to switch on the transport devices of the magnetic tape device only immediately before the start of the dubbing operation, ie during the last or 19th stage of the advance of the automatic starting device of the projector. The match of Bude and Ton according to the diagram of Figure 4 takes place at time -46-. Since, however, the tape recorder must be set in motion, even if only immediately before the time -46-, the marking of the recorded sound or the assignment of this mark must be pre-set, which can be done by pressing the key -33- to reduce the count (see Fig.2) or by the extra provided for this purpose "-1" key. The marking is advanced by this key insofar as the run-up takes place during the image projection of a single boy lying immediately before the (synchronous) time -46. The audio signal is then fed via the line output -18- to the sound recording direction -40- of the projector -40-. The automatic start contributes hiebei also to the extent that the sound event from the range between the advanced mark "-1" and the actual beginning of the sound event can not get to the recording head. The marking is advanced by this key insofar as the run-up takes place during the image projection of a single boy lying immediately before the (synchronous) time -46. The audio signal is then fed via the line output -18- to the sound recording direction -40- of the projector -40-. The automatic start contributes hiebei also to the extent that the sound event from the range between the advanced mark "-1" and the actual beginning of the sound event can not get to the recording head. The marking is advanced by this key insofar as the run-up takes place during the image projection of a single boy lying immediately before the (synchronous) time -46. The audio signal is then fed via the line output -18- to the sound recording direction -40- of the projector -40-. The automatic start contributes hiebei also to the extent that the sound event from the range between the advanced mark "-1" and the actual beginning of the sound event can not get to the recording head. The audio signal is then fed via the line output -18- to the sound recording direction -40- of the projector -40-. The automatic start contributes hiebei also to the extent that the sound event from the range between the advanced mark "-1" and the actual beginning of the sound event can not get to the recording head. The audio signal is then fed via the line output -18- to the sound recording direction -40- of the projector -40-. The automatic start contributes hiebei also to the extent that the sound event from the range between the advanced mark "-1" and the actual beginning of the sound event can not get to the recording head.

It would be conceivable to perform the start of the tape at the time of the synchronization point -46-, especially when the audio signal is gradually faded in by the automatic start and the associated Tonaufzeichnungsstufen.

In principle, it is possible to indicate the marking of the sound event not only by light emission but also acoustically or mechanically. Thus, it is conceivable to emit a signal tone over the dashed line signal tone generator -48- in Figure 2 instead of the light emission. The playback volume of this Schaüereignisses at the time of assignment over a local reference point (freely selectable: recording sound head, playback head, etc.) can be jumped over the cable -49- and this level jump can be regarded as a marker. Finally, it is conceivable, in particular in the case of reel tape recorders, which are equipped with back-coated tapes, to make a bar marking on the tape itself by means of a writing pen, which can be cut mechanically at this point of the tape and glued to another piece of tape. The markers can basically be set at the beginning or at the end or over the entire piece of music, in a simple way marked at the mark over the entire length of the beginning and end and is controlled by derived from the beginning and end signals of the counter outputs bistabüe flip-flop, the is used to activate an optical, acoustic or mechanical signaling device.

- 7 No. 357792

In magnetic tape devices that have a separate recording and playback sound head and in which, for example, between a two sound events in a gap, a new sound event is recorded, the local offset of recording and playback sound head should be taken into account, the set mark then also according to the is to offset mutatis mutandis local offset.

In Figure 5, another embodiment of the device for assigning a marker is shown, in which the switching of the tape drive is not performed by outputs of the counter -23-, but by the outputs of timers. The components or assemblies according to Figure 5 which correspond to those of the embodiments described above, are designated by the same reference numerals. The electric motor -9- is controlled by the speed control device -13- and is again provided with the Strichmarkierungsscheibe -10-, which is the photocell associated with the photoelectric converter (photoresistor -12-). The speed control device -13- has two control inputs -48, 49-, are applied to the DC signals for determining the direction of rotation of the electric motor -9- in the sense of a return RL and a forward VL of the magnetic tape. These control signals for the return RL and the forward VL are supplied via a bistable multivibrator -50-, at whose one input -51- via the switch -19- the mode control device, a control pulse for setting the operating mode flow (possibly with playback mode of the amplifier means not shown for the recorded sound event is supplied). After actuation of the switch contact, the user of the device waits until he perceives the sound event in question. Upon perception of the sound event is again by pressing the key -21- the marker signal device -22- counter -23-- from the count " In the path diagram according to FIG. 5a, the precursor from the counter reading "0" to the end of the dwell time tl of the monoflop -53- is drawn with a full line; the switching point of flow VL to return is designated -56-. Simultaneously with the switching to return RL of the magnetic tape drive devices (motor -9- etc.) and the monoflop -57- is activated with the residence time t2. The dwell time of the t2 of the monoflop is at least greater than the dwell time t1 of the monoflop to select to ensure that the magnetic tape is transported back so far or that the tape in question is guided in the tape running direction in front of the playback head of the magnetic tape recorder is that the band to be marked band can actually be perceived acoustically, Advantageously and as drawn in the embodiment, the dwell time t2 of the monoflop -57- can be selected twice as long as the dwell time tl of the monoflop -53-. The return is drawn in Fig.5a by the dashed line. At the end of the dwell time t2, the output pulse of the monoflop 57 drives the input 51 of the bistable multivibrator 50, with the result that the magnetic tape is again operated in the forward direction VL. The switching point is designated by -58- in FIG. 5a. Throughout the forward and reverse of the counter -23- Zähhmpulse were supplied, and according to the sense of transport of the magnetic tape, the mode "up and down counting" were automatically set by deriving the control signals from the inputs -48, 49- the speed control device -13-.

From the switching point -58- the magnetic tape is again operated in the forward direction, wherein upon reaching the count "0" on the one hand, the signal lamp -28- turned on as a marker and on the other hand, the monoflop -53- is activated. Hiebei the user has paid attention to whether temporal agreement between the light emission of the signal lamp -28- and the sound event has occurred. If this is not the case, it is analogous to the statements made with respect to the example of the preceding figures by means of the correction keys "+" or -33, 34- the mark or the counter reading at which the signal lamp -28- is turned to put ,

- 8 No. 357792

Through the AND gate -52- the condition was taken into account that both the signal lamp -28- and the monoflop -53- can be switched on or activated only in the forward direction of the magnetic tape. If the AND gate -52- were not present, the signal lamp would also light up on return of the magnetic tape upon reaching the count "0" or the monoflop -53- would be activated, which would not ensure that the actual beginning of the sound event was perceived can be.

Through the use of timers (monoflops -53 and 57-) can easily a counter -23- are used, which has only one output, namely, for example, the counter output "0".

For the positioning of the magnetic tape with respect to a device-fixed reference point, such as playback head or recording head positioning, ie the transport of the magnetic tape at a much lower speed than during normal operation of the device can be performed to ensure that, for example, the magnetic tape stopped at the marked point od .dgl. becomes. For this purpose, a positioning button on the device may be provided, with which not only the setting of the magnetic tape, but the switch of the speed control device -13- is performed on a "crawl" '.