Untitled record

Class: 63 c₂ 3/30

PATENT NUMBER NO. 272115 Issue Date: June 25, 1969

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AUSTRIAN

PATENT OFFICE

Int. CI .:

B 62 d

MASCHINENFABRIK AUGSBURG-NÜRNBERG AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT IN MUNICH (GERMANY)

Wheel load balancing device for vehicles, in particular off-road motor vehicles

Registered on December 7, 1964 (A 10380/64); claimed priority: Claims 1-4 and 7 of December 23, 1963, Claims 5 and 6 of June 18, 1964 (applications in Germany).

Beginning of the patent period: September 15, 1968.

The invention relates to a Radlastausgleichsvorrichtung for vehicles, particularly Gelandegängige motor vehicles with four or more wheels, in which the body-side abutment of the wheel springs via a hydraulic balancing device with double-acting working cylinders are movable relative to the vehicle frame, with cylinder chambers on a vehicle side in

Vehicle longitudinal direction and cylinder spaces of an axis in the vehicle transverse direction are interconnected.

There is known a stabilization device for vehicles, which is the support of each wheel on the piston of a double-acting, fixed to the vehicle body working cylinder is shown, the cylinder chambers of all cylinders are connected by connecting lines with each other in connection 10. By itself hiebei takes place by the absence of the vehicle springs between the piston and the vehicle frame, a reduction of the spring travel with the actual effect of a stabilizer instead. With the stabilizing effect of this known device is a limitation of the spring travel, especially when skewing the axes are accompanied by the vehicle longitudinal axis. This effect is not acceptable in all-terrain vehicles, since then the wheels not to the extent necessary

Uneven floors can follow.

In stabilizer and shock absorber devices, it is also known to herzusteUen a Längsseitverbindung of cylinder chambers, whereas in the shock absorber device, a piston bottom side cross-connection is present.

A franz.Patentschrift shows in a Radaufhängevorrichtung for vehicles, the assignment 20 each of two springs to a vehicle wheel, wherein each one spring of each wheel is supported directly on the body, and two other springs are supported on pistons, a hydraulic

Limit pressure medium filling in a cylinder.

It is also a stabilizer device for vehicles with a hydraulic cross-connection with combined for each axis cylinders known, in which a stabilization of the vehicle is made possible via further intermediate linkage.

Even with the arrangement according to another franz.Patentschrift located between the respective hydraulic device and the wheel no spring. The individual wheels of the vehicle rather act via hydraulic linkage on a central suspension.

In a US patent, a spring is connected in parallel to each wheel with a hydraulic piston-cylinder element. Consequently, this known arrangement is also about improving ride comfort. For the invention, there is the problem in the simplest possible way to ensure effective in any driving situation balancing the spring forces. This means that when off-road as a result of the road bumps Federabstützpunkt is shifted from the other support points, resulting in an adjustment of the hydraulic linkage -

No.272115 without affecting the spring travel results. This is an independent adaptation of the wheel positions to the road bumps in the area is achieved. On the other hand, it is possible by forcibly changing the filling of the hydraulic linkage to lower or raise the structure of the vehicle parallel to itself. This solution is not possible in the arrangement according to the cited US patent, because such a level control would hiebei inevitably associated with a change in the spring travel, so that this known arrangement is therefore not useful for off-road vehicles.

It is known a balancing device, are connected to the Raddruckaufnahmezylinder a motor vehicle with a central balancing mechanism. In the wheel pressure cylinders unilaterally acted upon by a pressure medium pistons are displaced by the wheel movements and these thereby displace the pressure medium column between the respective Raddruckzylinder and the central balancing mechanism. In the cylinder of the central compensation mechanism four separate pressure medium spaces are created with a transverse wall and a double piston, each a pressure medium space for each Raddruckaufnahmezylinder the vehicle. The individual pressure medium spaces are associated with each other so that when influencing a Raddruckzylinders the pistons of a diagonally opposite Raddruckzylinder same movements in one direction, the piston of the other diagonally opposite Raddruckzylinder same movements in the other direction ausfiihren. Simultaneous influence of two achsgleicher wheel pressure cylinder, eg when driving over a bump, remain due to the double piston without influence on the system Such a vehicle can on the one hand a good off-road capability, on the other hand have a stable roadholding.

The invention has for its object to provide a Radlastausgleichsvorrichtung for vehicles, particularly Gelandegängige vehicles, on the one hand have good off-road capability, on the other hand, a stable road holding waiving a central compensation mechanism.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the wheels are supported by the wheel springs on the piston of the working cylinder and that in each case the same cylinder chambers of the wheels of each vehicle longitudinal side and the same cylinder chambers of the wheels of each axis are hydraulically connected. It is expedient if the cylinder chambers on each side, which are connected to each other via lines in a conventional manner, the piston bottom side cylinder chambers, and interconnected via lines cylinder chambers of the wheels of each axis in a conventional manner, the piston rod side cylinder chambers. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that in a conventional manner, the cylinder of each pair of wheels of an axis are combined to form a single cylinder, wherein further in well-known manner, the piston bottom side cylinder chambers are combined to form a common cylinder chamber. It may also be the pistons of each pair of wheels of an axle combined into a single piston, so that for each pair of wheels on an axis, a piston between two cylinder chambers is adjustable and attack its two sides via rigid piston rods on the wheel springs. According to a further feature of the invention in double axes, the lines which connect the similar cylinder spaces of the wheels of each axis with each other, connected by a further line.

The invention also proposes that the common cylinder chamber of the one and the common cylinder chamber of the other axis of the double axis are connected by a line. Finally, it is also advantageous if control devices are connected to the connecting lines, with which the Druckmittelfiillung the compensating device is adjustable to change the ground clearance.

In the arrangement according to the invention lead in vertical spring movements of a wheel two diagonally opposite wheels or groups of wheels of the vehicle vertical movements in one direction and the other diagonally opposite vehicle wheels or groups of perpendicular movements in the other direction. The vehicle therefore has good off-road capability. In addition, the good road holding is guaranteed, as when driving over eg a bump the vehicle performs only low pitching vibrations and also different altitudes of the two wheels on both sides of the vehicle do not lead to improper vehicle movements about the vehicle longitudinal axis . However, this also given in the known device effect is achieved without the central compensation mechanism. By eliminating the central compensation mechanism, the arrangement according to the invention is much simpler than the known arrangement. It eliminates the cylinder with the partition and its leadership for the double piston. It also eliminates the double piston itself. Finally, in a particularly simple embodiments of the invention, a number of lines and line connections omitted. The whole system will be so - 3 -

No.272115 not only structurally simpler, but also cheaper and less prone to failure. Furthermore, a

Vehicle subsequently be much easier to equip with a device according to the invention as with a known device, because the required for the central balancing mechanism

Place with existing vehicles often will not be available.

Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings.

Each wheel or each wheel group of the vehicle is associated with a piston -1-, or the like with its piston rod on the wheel, at Federabstützpunkt. is articulated (Fig.l). Each piston is located in a cylinder -2-, which is hinged to the vehicle frame or vehicle body. Each piston is acted upon on both sides with a preferably hydraulic pressure medium. In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the cylinder chambers facing the piston rod are connected to each other by a compensation line -3- in the vehicle transverse direction opposite wheel pressure receiving cylinders. The other cylinder chambers of the opposite in the vehicle longitudinal direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder are connected by a respective compensation line -4-. In the arrangement according to Figure 2, the piston rods facing the spaces of Raddruckaufnahmezylinder a vehicle side by a respective equalization line -5- are connected, whereas the other cylinder chambers of adjacent vehicle transverse direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder are each connected by a respective equalization line -6-. The connecting lines of the individual cylinder chambers can be selected without disadvantage either by Fig.l or Fig.2, the balancing effect is ensured in both cases. Coil springs, air springs, torsion springs or rubber springs can serve as springs on which the rods of the pistons -1- are supported. The arrangement of Figure 2 can be further developed so that the adjacent vehicle transverse direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder be approached so far that they can be combined with each other and the piston of two adjacent vehicle transverse direction adjacent cylinder a common pressure medium volume (Fig.3 ). As a result, a significant further simplification of the arrangement is made by only two Raddruckzylinder -2a must be provided for the entire system, one of which is assigned to the front wheels and the rear wheels and the springs of the front and rear wheels. According to the number of cylinders, only a total of six cylinder chambers -9 to 14- are provided, of which the outer cylinder chambers of both wheel pressure cylinders are connected by lines -5a.

In the arrangements according to Fig.l to 3, the pressure medium filling of each part of the hydraulic system can be made variable, for example according to Figure 2 with memories -7-, whereby the static altitude of the vehicle body or vehicle frame can be adjusted relative to the vehicle wheels. For this purpose, it is necessary to remove a corresponding amount of pressure medium in each case corresponding to a space of each Raddruckaufnahmezylinders and supply the respective other space a corresponding amount of pressure medium. As a result, all pistons -1- are adjusted relative to their Raddruckaufnahmezylindern -2-. The control of the pressure medium is carried out with valves -8-, which are to be adjusted for example by the driver of the vehicle.

If the possibility of changing the static height of the vehicle body or vehicle frame relative to the vehicle wheels is dispensed with, then a further simplification of the arrangement according to FIG. 4 can be made. Hiebei the two pistons -1- of each two wheels common Raddruckzylinders -2a- of Fig.3 summarized in a single piston -la-. Apart from a significant further structural simplification, this arrangement has the advantage that the hydraulic system only responds when a spring -15- same-axis wheels responds. If both springs act on wheels of the same axis, then the equal spring forces are mutually supported by the continuous piston rod -16-.

Another proposed invention is that the two axes, combined to form an aggregate, can form a Doppelachsaggregat a vehicle with more than two axes. In order to meet this task, the axle assembly of the first embodiment must be given a degree of freedom about a vehicle transverse axis, that is, in other words, that for the two axes of a Doppelachsaggregates an ideal central axis must be created.

This is achieved according to a further feature of the invention in that the connecting lines between the cylinder chambers of the vehicle wheel in the opposite direction Raddruckzylinder the Doppelachsaggregates are connected by a further connecting line to each other at a Doppelachsaggregat of a vehicle with more than two axes.

Each wheel or each wheel group of a Doppelachsaggregates of the vehicle is a piston - 1- assigned, the like with its piston rod on the wheel, at Federabstützpunkt.

-4 —

Nr.272115 is hinged (Figure 5). Each piston is located in a cylinder -2-, which is hinged to the vehicle frame or vehicle body. Each piston is acted upon on both sides with a preferably hydraulic pressure medium. In the arrangement according to Figure 5, the piston rod facing cylinder chambers of each opposite in the vehicle transverse direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder by a compensation line -3- are connected to each other. The other cylinder chambers of the opposite in the vehicle longitudinal direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder are connected by a respective compensation line -4-. In the arrangement of Figure 6, the piston rods facing the spaces of Raddruckaufnahmezylinder a vehicle side are connected by a respective equalization line -5-, whereas the other cylinder chambers of the adjacent vehicle transverse direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder are each connected by a respective equalization line -6-. The connecting lines of the individual cylinder chambers can be selected without disadvantage either according to Figure 5 or Figure 6, the balancing effect is ensured in both cases. Coil springs, air springs, torsion springs or rubber springs can serve as springs on which the rods of the piston -1- are supported.

The arrangement of Figure 6 can be further configured in such a way that the adjacent vehicle transverse direction Raddruckaufnahmezylinder the Doppelachsaggregates are approached so far that they can be combined with each other and include the pistons of two adjacent vehicle transverse direction of each other cylinders common pressure fluid volume (Fig.7). Hiedurch a significant further simplification of the arrangement is made by only two Raddruckzylinder -2a must be provided for the entire system, of which one associated with the front and one of the rear wheels of the Doppelachsaggregates or the springs of the front and rear wheels of Doppelachsaggregates is. Corresponding to the number of cylinders, only a total of six cylinder chambers -9 to 14- are provided, of which the outer cylinder chambers of both wheel pressure cylinders are connected to one another by lines -5a. In the case of Figure 5 is now between the connecting lines - 3- another connecting line -15-, in the case of Figure 6, a further connecting line - 15a between the connecting lines -6- and in the case of Figure 7 another connecting line - 15b- between the cylinder chambers -10,13- provided. As a result, an imaginary or fictitious axis -A- is formed between the two axes of the Doppelachsaggregates, around which the Doppelachsaggregat can adjust. Depending on the selected gear ratio of the piston surfaces, the ideal axis lies exactly in the middle between the actual axles of the double axle unit or it is closer to the front or rear axle.

The hydraulic compensation system described so far creates a Raddruckausgleich on all four wheels of the Doppelachsaggregates, which are therefore not the only wheels of the vehicle. There is still another single or double axle provided. To the Raddruckaufnahmezylindern the other single axis or the connecting lines of the correspondingly designed further Doppelachsaggregates the vehicle lead the connecting lines -16,17-. With the lines -16,17- a balancing connection between the wheel pressure cylinders of the illustrated Doppelachsaggregates on one side of the vehicle and the wheel pressure cylinders of the same vehicle side of a further Doppelachsaggregates or another single axle of the vehicle is created, the simultaneous vertical movements of the two wheels of the illustrated Doppelachsaggregates on one side of the vehicle relative to the two wheels of the same Doppelachsaggregates on the other side of the vehicle permits.

In the arrangements of Figure 5 to 7, the pressure medium filling of each part of the hydraulic system can be made variable, for example, as shown in Figure 6 with storage -7-, whereby the static altitude of the vehicle body or vehicle frame can be adjusted relative to the vehicle wheels. For this purpose, it is necessary to take a corresponding amount of pressure medium in each case corresponding to a space of each Raddruckaufnahmezylinders and supply the respective other space a corresponding amount of pressure medium. As a result, all pistons -2 are adjusted relative to their wheel pressure receiving cylinders -2. The control of the pressure medium takes place with

Valves -8- which are to be adjusted for example by the driver of the vehicle.