Multiaxis turbine.

Muiliaxis Turbine

Cross References to Related Application

In this application, earlier priority dates are claimed supported with related provisional patent application Serial No.60/117,056, filed 01/25/99; provisional patent application Serial No.60/155,587, filed 09/24/99, provisional patent application Serial No.60/ 141,524, filed 06/25/99, and Patent application Serial number 09/482,038, filed 01/13/00.

Background of the Invention

This invention relates generally to the field of wind energy, and more particularly to vertical axis turbines and Turbines with more than one axis or shaft.

Wind turbines utilize a rotor for converting the energy of the air stream into rotary mechanical power as a power conversion device from the wind. Wind machines can take advantage of a free and inexhaustible power source of mechanical power for various purposes including driving an electrical generator. Most wind turbines are the horizontalaxis wind turbine (HAWT). However, many wind turbines are known as vertical-axis turbines (V AWT). The blades of a VAWT are arranged vertically. VAWTs has design advantages including the generator being on the ground level for easier maintenance and avoiding the need to change the blade direction every time the wind changes directions.

The most related wind turbines to the invention are the vertical axis turbines VAWT

AP/P/ 0.1/ 0 220 1

-2i.nciuding turbines using Dameus related technology. Darricus technology invented by D.J.M. Danieus comprise of curved blades connected at two points along a rotatable tower. When the turbine rotates, the centrifugal forces are reduced with the blades already bulging outward in a shape known as troposkein before the rotor started spinning. The troposkein shape is similar to the shape a rope would take if it was spun around an axis. As a result, the troposkein shape minimizes stresses due to centrifugal forces. U.S. Patent number 1.83 5,018 has a more detailed information of the Danieus turbine invented by D.J.M. Darrieus.

In generating large amounts oi power, conventional turbines had large rotors in order to generate a su fficient amount of energy in order to make it worthwhile for having a generator in order to produce electricity. Unfortunately, the large rotors are expensive because the stress on the rotors increase dramatically as the diameter increases Conventiona turbines had to increase the diameter of the blades in order to capture more energy by increasing the area of moving air which are impacting on the blades This increase in the diameter of blades for producing substantial power can increase the cost of other items in the turbine other than the blades. Large blades which have not been properly produced can create structural stress and fatigue problems for the gearbox, tower, and the system that rums the generator toward the optimal wind direction. In the past, wind turbines were supported by a single tower and guy wires in many cases leading to many vibration and frequency related problems. The blades of vertical axis turbines were large and could be limited in the design and the materials used, Foi example aluminum extrusion and fiberglass pultrusion were used in the two most serious commercial applications ot vertical axis turbines. Due to the large size of the fiberglass blades, the strength was limited in order io bend the blade at the place of in .. s· ·;.

APri/ 0.1 / 0 2 20 1

APO01296

The aluminum blades could not form a true iroposkon shape The blades had to be made of significant length and the available extrusion equipment is not available. The patents of both serious commercial prior applications of vertical axis technology are described in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Patent number 4,449,053 and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Pultruded Blades in Patent number 5,499,904 However, the fatigue factor in blades using those material suffered from structural stress caused by cyclical loads on vertical blades. The lift forces push the blades back and forth as they rotate. The more popular horizontal wind turbines are not subject to this cyclical stress occurring many thousand of times per day. The construction and installation was complex and costly.

The vertical blades in prior technology could not place the rotor high enough above the ground in order to a turbulence leading to long term structural problems

In other prior technology, the swept area of the turbine had an aspect ratio of less than four due to construction limitatations. The aspect ratio, the swept area height to diameter, is preferred to be high for better efficiency. This occurs when a tall and thin rotor maintains a large swept area and a high RPM. As a result, the moment of inertia is reduced and less energy is spent on its own morion.

In prior blade technology, two or more blades per shaft section was used in order to achieve proper blade balance. The designing of one blade per shaft section was expensive and had imbalance problem in past turbines. A German Company attempted a horizontal one bladed turbine. However, it was not seriously commercialized.

AP Ο Ο 12 9 8

-ASummary of the Invention

Tne primary object of the invention is to provide more durable blades by resolving cydical stress problems sn vertical axis wind turbines .

Another object of the invention is to reduce manufacturing cost by using more but smaller components instead of larger and fewer components.

Another object of the invention is to provide inexpensive repair and maintenance with components like the generator, heavy variable speed equipment and gearbox while having the rotor high above the ground.

A further object of the invention is to provide longer life for the bearing by reducing structural and mechanical stress.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a more efficient turbine with reductions in the moment of inertia and easier self starting capability .

SUU yet another object of the invention is to provide a more durable blade design by overcoming imbalance problem of using one blade per shaft section with the use of many small blades per shaft.

Another object of the invention is to allow stiffen and more rigid blades by making them smaller.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved mean to failure ratio by having many many components like 256 blades, 16 shafts, and 16 generators.

A further object of the invention is to provide an easier construction method.

Yet another object of the invention is to allow for construction with l ό z z 0 I to /d/dV

ΑΡ ύ0 12 9 8 standard pans which ao not need to be custom made witn the exception of the mass produced blades. The blades can be supplied by several supplier to avoid supplier backlog problems.

Still yet another object of the invention is to enhance structural support by using tower with a larger footprint like an oversized tower section.

Another object of the invention is to provide weather protection and additional structural support with its roof.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following descriptions, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, byway of illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed.

This invention features a multiaxis turbine, comprising a tower structure supported on the ground and comprising a plurality of vertical elongated structural members connected by a plurality of horizontal elongated structural members, the tower structure forming a box-like structure with at least two active sides. There are a plurality of vertical shafts located coextensively with the active sides of the tower structure, each shaft carrying a plurality of blades adapted to be rotated by the wind, so that the shafts are rotated by the wind. Each shaft is supported by a plurality of the horizontal structural members coupled to the shaft at spaced locations along the shaft, with one support location proximate the top of each shaft, one support location proximate the bottom of each shaft, and at least one support location intermediate the top and bottom support locations. There are one or more electric generators located proximate the ground. Each shaft is connected to a generator, to generate electricity from the wind energy.

ΑΡ/Γ/Ο.Τ/ 0 220 1

ΑΡν01298

-6Each shaft preferably comprises a plurality of shaft sections, each shaft section supporting only one, or a pair of blades. Each shaft section may be supported at both ends by the tower structure. The swept area of each shaft preferably has a height to diameter ratio greater than four, and even more preferably, a height to diameter ratio of at least ten. Preferably, the blades have no twist or taper.

The multiaxis turbine may further include a shaft bearing between the shaft and the tower horizontal structural member at each shaft support location. The multiaxis turbine may in this case further comprise a vibration absorbing means between each bearing and the horizontal structural member. The vibration absorbing means may be accomplished with a sleeve between each bearing and the horizontal structural member. Preferably, the sleeve is not bonded tc the bearing.

The rnultiaxis turbine may further include control means to optimize the number of activated generators depending upon the wind velocity. The multiaxis turbine may also further include means for coupling a plurality of shafts to a generator. This may be accomplished with a timing belt. The .multiaxis turbine may further include means for increasing air flow velocity proximate the blades. The multiaxis turbine may further include a roof member covering the tower, to protect the shafts and blades from the elements. The multiaxis turbine may further include springs between the tower and the ground.

Featured in a more specific embodiment is a multiaxis turbine, comprising a tower j structure supported on the ground and comprising a plurality of vertical elongated structural members connected by a plurality of horizontal elongated structural members, the tower structure forming a box-like structure with at least two active sides. A plurality of shafts are located coextensively with the active sides of the tower structure, each shaft carrying a plurality of blades adapted to be rotated by the wind, so that the shafts are rotated by the wind, wherein the swept area of each shaft has a height to diameter ratio of ai least ten. Each shaft is supported by a plurality of the horizontal structural members coupled io the shaft at spaced locations aiong the shaft with one support location proximate the top of each shaft,

AP/H OT / 0 2 2 0 1

APO 0 12 9 8

-7one support location proximate the bottom of each shaft and at least one support location intermediate the top and bottom support locations. Each support location comprises a shaft bearing and a vibration absorbing means between the bearing and the horizontal structural member, to decrease transmission of vibration between the shafts to the support structure. There are one or more electric generators located proximate the ground. Each shaft is connected in a generator, to generate electricity from the wind energy.

Tne drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments to the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. It is to be understood that in some instances various aspects of the invention may be shown exaggerated or enlarged to facilitate an understanding of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. I is the front view of the invention's Preferred Embodiment.

FIG. 2 is the side view of the invention's Preferred Embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a description of the preferred furling control system.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view near the top area of the Preferred Embodiment. FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view near the generator

FIG 6 shows an alternative detail of the footprint version using savonius turbines FIG 7 shows an alternative version of a Savonius turbine.

FIG.8 shows a structural sketch of the turbine and a top view of the Savonius blades. FIG. 9 shows the use of two bearings with damper, absorber, or isolator fcr preventing misalignment

FIG. 10 show's the use of one bearing with vibration reducer.

ΑΡ/Γ/ O T / 0 2 2 β 1

ΑΡΰη 12 9 8

-8FiG ι ί and !2 shows vsbraiion reducers oeiwsen ihc blade and shaft.

FIG. id a side and top cut of she vibration reducer as weii as a vibration fed-jecr

FIG. or sncwj a version a MAT using Darrieus blades.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a two Cameos blades on one section of a rotor shaft.

FIG. 16 shows an example of one Darrieus blade per rotor shaft section.

FIG. 17 shews an example of four rotor shaft sections with two Darrieus blades per shaft section

FIG. IS shows an example of four rotor sections with one Darrieus blade per shaft section. FIG.19 snow an alternative version of the frame structure.

FIG.20 shows a plurality cf blades on one shaft inside a lattice tower.

FIG.2! shove, an alternative version of t'ne shaft mounting every 2C feet.

FIG.22 shews a versio n of the blad e joints.

FIG. 23 is 2 front view of the blade joint.

FIG. 24 ts a ride view of the blade joint,

FIG. 25 is an isiustratior. of the cage roof weather protection washer.

FIG.26 shows a side, view of the bearing protection structure.

FIG.2·’ snows j tront view of the bearing protection structure.

0stalled Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Uetafteo descriptions of tne preferred embodiment are pro»,pa c o- it is io oe uncerstooa. rioweve assnt invention may' be emoodieo m various 'towns, i nereiore, s; - ; disclosed herein are not to be

AP/r/ 0 ;i /02201

APO Ο 12 S 8

-9interpreted as limiting, but rather as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to employ the presen! invention in virtually any appropriately detailed system, structure or manner.

In the preferred embodiment, a Multiaxis Turbine comprising a roof or an external upper covering (not shown) has a tower structure using a plurality of elongated member or steel square rubing 1104. The said members are connected to each other with supporting horizontal members or steel tubing 1104. The square tubing or horizontal elongated members are connected to the rotation means or shafts with a bearing. A plurality or several impact impellers also referred to as blades are connected tc the shaft. The several blades are collectively are creating a swept area with a height greater than four times tbe diameter. The swept area the blades collectively along each shaft in the preferred embodiment has an aspect raiio or height to diameter ratio of about ten. Therefore, the blades provide a high aspect ratio. The tower structure allows the swept area per shaft to be very high. Each blade or impact impeller can be small and simple with no twist or taper. It also provides for individual generators for each shaft. Refer now to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, which are overall drawing of a preferred embodiment of the invention. A MAT 1 or virtual axes turbine is the preferred embodiment of the invention which incorporates interconnected blades 2 preferably vertical axis turbines like the Darrieus or Savonius version for the gathering of mechanical energy on impact as the blades 2 rotate. The blades can be replaceable and non durable unlike in other wind turbines. The loss of blades in damaging winds would not have a serious or an effect on the overall structure of the wind turbine. Rotor shaft 3 are connected to blades 2. As the blades 2 gather energy from the rotation, rotor shaft 3 rotate as a result. This transfer of

O

CM

CM

O ί .

a <

O fw

CM

-10mec ha η ical energy continues toward outer items connected to rotor shaft 3 as tiles · ' with pulley e or sheave connected vritn rotor :2-,aft 3. Elongated structure 23 ts connected to Pulley 4 which continues to cany this energy to betting 5. Elongated structure 29 is also conoeettri with rotor snail 3 by means 40. This hnzsng interconnection continues to main shaft <1 which also preferably has blades 2 tor gathering of mechanical energy'. Main shaft -i it also connected wth elongated structure 28 which is further connected to bearing 27.

Support elongated structure 26 above main shaft 6 area is connected to elongated structure 28 with bearing 27. With bearing 7 connected to elongated structure 26. ur MAT can pivot into an optimal wind direction. Support elongated structure 26 is connected in a cantilevered manner to elongated structure 30 which is further supo to guy wire 31 and guy wire anchor 32 Main shaft 6 is preferably supported by b bearing 7 as main shaft 6 is connected to shaft speed increaser 8 and eventually to generator ft. The shaft speed increaser 8 increases the rotation of the main shaft 6 for the O purpose of converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy by generator 9. The £ generator ft output is controlled bv control unit 14 In referring to FIG.2, as an overall G» <

Side version ot the preferred erncodiment, the preferred directional vane means 10 is shown as a means of facing the MAT w ar. optimal wind direction. Furling system 11 is shown to block the wind hke a normal household window shade in order to prevent excessive and cam .. output oy the generator.. Referring to Fllj. 3, the preferred Control unit 14 determines the cpttmai amount of wind blockage for the MAT by using a furring control shaft rpoee oeareaser urut Io preferably using a puiiev and cable connected to a furling me: · ' ' turnr·. i: : = .-- :-.: - oullev 12 which is connected to cable 13 and shade, 19. Γ

APO01298

-11moior IS also turns furling unit pulley 21 and furling unit cable 22 for determining the optimal shade 25 level for furling unit generator 24 or other electric power producing device like art alternator which is determined by the power output gathered by blades 23. Preferably, a normally open relay or diode at 12 volts would turn on furling motor 18 in the direction of lowering shade 19 and shade 25. A normally closed relay or diode at 10 volts would turn on the furling motor 18 in the direction of raising shade 19 and shade 25 when the relay or diode is opened at a rating below 10 volts. Variations of this description could include a furling power generating unit 24 registering as a proportional output to the MAT generator 9 whereas any excessive output rating of generator 9 would turn on the furling motor 18 m the direction of lowering shade 19 and shade 25. When a similar means of registering output shows generator 9 as having an output below its rated output, then the furling motor 18 would rum in the direction of raising the shade. Tne gearing ratio for the speed decreasing unit 15 would be directly proportional tc the height of the VAT and the height of the furling control unit 14. In other words, if the height of the VAT was 21 feet tall and the height of the furling control unit 14 was 3 feet tall, the speed decreasing ratio would be 7 to 1. For example, for every seven inches which the shade 19 is raised (or lowered), shade 25 is raised (or lowered) one inch. The percentage of power output of the furling unit'generator 24 in comparison to the power output of generator 9 must be the same percentage of the wind exposed area not influenced by any shade 19 in the furling control unit 14 in comparison to the wind exposed area of the MAT not influenced by any shade 25. Referring to FIG. 4, lightning protection 16 is placed on an elongated structure 26 connected to bearing 27 which is connected to elongated

ΑΡ ίΟ 12 98

Η2strjoum 2« mower connected ic puhey 4, Main shaft 6 ,s connected to pulley Io P! o>. ty a n ait emut we ve'i son « s snow π. me iey A belt;ng 5. tna in shaft u, speed see '.

8, and genemyor 9 are 5Mwn wttn a neves gear 17

In FIG s, IOS is a roof protecting the MAT. The roof could be aerodynamical!;/ curved tike roof section 100, which can be detached from the MAT and the ponton of the roof direct A over n The detachment allows a cheaper built roof section structure wiudi would not be soOMCt tc the vibrations of tne spinning turbines, in FIG 2, vane 10 cxniM be plywood in a stationarv version for adoed structural support with piywood on the rock 101. The, vane ( wa!·) 10 would be s * it the prevailing wind. Preferably, wait 5 0 would be. shorter than the structure area where the prevailing wind would travel. Hear removal ventilators could be used which could create a vacuum effect along the sits.ft oi turbines for the purpose of accelerating airflow. Adding baffle walls along the side cf the MAT or to the roof as a form of windspeed accelerator could be added.

Fins KA «could be added to the generator 9 ana gearbox 8 as a heat sink which 'wouici allow cooling from the natural airflow of the wind which would result in the abilit y iv produce higher kilowatt output than rated output. The increased ventilation would possible cue to the increased weather protection with the invention. A structure to augment atrilow could be also be placed around a gearbox and generator for faster cooling resulting in the ability to produce higher kilowatt output. The heat sinks or augmenfors used for cooling the heat producing devices could pivot toward the ' .

wrneftow needed for the best co · : -«c;

inaoamoG to the protection methods mentioned, the bearing 104 which, connects to o?

CV

CM o

£ £

snarl Ac «ran oe protsct&d by mine a structure 102 shown in fig Y and ng 2. i · ^:' ·.

ΑΡ ί Ο 1 2 9 8

-13can have a circular extention IC2 for protecting [he area from dirt and dust. A narrow tube 103 which protects the bearing C3n extend to the bottom of barTe! 100 and the top of barrel 106 as a reinforcement of the protection . Ln FIG.6, the blndes 701 ( preferably 100 to 300RPM) gathering energy from the wind arc connected to the 2 foot rotor shafts 703 supported by a pillar hex roller bearin°703. A flange at each end of the set of six 55 gallon plastic drum blades would connect to the rotor shaft. The drum ends being cut in half and positioned may be supported bv a fiat plastic plywood -shaped Structure in between each drum, i ne pillar box bearing housing would connect to steel tubing 704 with a vibration absorbing pad 705 in between the steel tubing and bearing housing. The vibration absorbing pad could be isolator mounts or anv means to dampen the forces from the rotating blades, ln this design, the vibration absorbing areas around the bearings and the gearbelt would not only separate the wear and tear forces of the blades with the rest of the system but allow a flexibility to limit the structural stress on the blades themselves. There would be 4 ( 2 foot) shafts connecting barrels at each row comprising of 2 sets of 6 drums in each set. The barrels could be made of lightweight material comprising of strong foam and preferably a high-density polyethylene to cover the foam is order to withstand the harsh environment of frequent sandstorms. The thermoformed polyethylene could be ultraviolet resistant or low ) density. The steel tubing could be connected and supported by 14 guy wires and 8 guy wire anchors. The guy wire radius would be at least 80% cf the tower height. There could be 2 guy wires leading into one foundation on each of the two narrow sides. Tncre would also be ό guy wires leading into the 3 foundations on each of the two wide sides. The guv wires coulc comprise or extra-strength stranded-steel cable. Tne shaft is connected tc a shaft speed incrcascr timing belt m Z I 0 ί o /d.'dV

-14jnd puilcy or ««fbot 7O6and eventuate; to generaior 70“ Tlie ncarbox increases die iosionti oi re sha.ii io;· ihe purpose of convening use mechanical energy into electrical energy be generaior, A contra; umi controls the generator output, b FIG 7. an alternative sharp-edge; version oi a savoruus turbine blade is shown, A side view and lop ’view is illustrated, k aBov.a for less esperteve matcnal so be used like corrugated plastic.In FIG. S. the structure could be like a four ieggsd tabic unlike a one legged table, of other wind turbines. This is similar y> the concept behind the lighter but stronger Rolm tower. Therefore it requires less nuie ·.< the required stability. Although, the four legged tower would bring additional stability, the use an off the shelf bushing of concentric sleeves wish rubber, polyurethane or other isolator, absorber and /or damper securely bonded between them would isolate or dampen the vibrations of the moving blades from the steel structure. The bushings would be placed between the- shaft and hearings, ihe sleeve structure is designed to take up torsional movements as well as axial and radial loads. The design or not having oae central blade area allows this divide ano conquer approach of isolating the violations to occur in a cost-effective manner The belting connecting the generator would isolate vibrations in the electrical area.

An object ot ties invention is preventing excess wear and tear from the ram and -sr.ow from tailing onto the turbine system and causing rapid deterioration including warping and rotting. More importantly, the reduced vibrations and a stronger tower structure woulc ado years to the life of the turbine at a lower cost. A.t the same time, the to nave a less troublesome belt anc pulley system for the MAT is another advantage and object or tee, structure.

AP/T/ 0 1 . o 2 2 a 1

AP 6 0 12 9 8

-15Other details include;

1) Using the same steel structure for cost savings purposes, the rows of turbines could be a few feet back or forward as not to interfere with the steel structure if a continuous set of blades needing only 2 bearings (one on the top and one on the bottom) is needed for cost savings or engineering purposes. A bearing and shafting every 20 feet would be avoided.

2) Place the MAT on 50-foot supports and add guy wires and cable. Springs near the footings could be helpful toward absorbing vibrations.

3) Use (square or round) flanges as steel connectors similar to pipe connectors in order to accelerate the construction process and reduce the cost of labor on the steel structure. The flanges may or may not be screwed on like many round pipes.

4) Use of the Windside turbine as blades. Windside has been known in Europe since 1979

5) Use of vibration absorbers 42 for dampening in areas shown in FIG. Il and FIG. 12. The vibration absorbers comprise of two concentric sleeves with rubber securely bonded between them. The inner sleeve could be bonded to the shaft and the outer sleeve could be bonded the blade as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12. An inner sleeve near the shaft of the vibration absorber may not be fastened to any nearby object including the absorber. The purpose is to increase flexibility of the vibration absorber and to reduce friction even further.

6) In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the vibration absorbing devices 41are in the bearing area whereas vibration absorbers comprise of two concentric sleeves with rubber securely bonded between them. The inner sleeve could be bonded to the shaft and the outer sleeve could be bonded to the inner 03Π of the bearing The side view of 41 and 42 are shown

AP/P/ 01/02201

ΑΡν01298

-16m HC IJ Α.„ inner sleeve new Me shaft of die vibration absorber may no? be fastened ;c mv nearby object irsCtvding the absorber The purpose ts to increase fiewbih >y of the vibration absorber and tc reduce friction even further.

7) Rubber er another flexible substance couid be mixed in with the foam or plastic ;n rhe blade material in oraer io increase the durability of the blades.

8) The Steel structure may comprise of wood or other less expensive items in areas whereas the more expensive steel an be substituted without compromising the situ aural mm

We can also add au η mentors or diffusers to the MAT parallel to the length . -teles especially m areas where the wndspeed in from one or two directions. A tad away from the augmemor could avoid structural problem related to excess vibrations

The use ot two flange bearings 41 as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 12 connected to a steel flat piece which in turn is bolted or welded to the steel structure could teas or eliminate the chances of misalignment during mass production.

One of the features of the uwenoon h a wind turbine structure shown in F1G-14 r xag cf a 130-ioci high fabricated steel rectangular fame of SO feet in length and 40 feet wide. The frame is aixadiec io sex footings at the ground level, The structure has 16 long shafts of 3 imte ms diameier ’.vith 16 sets of blades on eac.h shaft.

. Tne 256 sets of blades 1101 (900 RPM) gathering energy from the wind are connected to the rotor shafts 1102. supported by pillar box bearings 1103 attached to the supporting ihcucttuc frame. i. litre arc 4 cess of 5-foot dnvnoicr blades m between tech bearing and siru'xwc srppon ocam. u.cT sc' of pillar box bearing housings would connect to a steel plate rdt-'.n '.''•el square ohncp 15 04 o; even.- 2.0 foot lecmh of die shaft. The 130-fooi shaft is coanccceu oa the

AP/T/ 0 1 , 0 2 2 0.1

AP Ο ϋ12 9 8

-17ground level to a shaft speed increasing timing belt and pulley 1105 or gearbox anc eventually to generator I 106. There could be a plurality of timing belts connecting the generator in order to optimize the cumber of generators to be activated for the determined wind velocity or air flow.

The weight of each shaft and the blades on it is supported by a beefy tapered roller bearing

1107 on the ground level. The generator and gearing areas of each shaft is protected by a cage

1108 for safety reasons with a cage roof 1 lOSho protect the generator and gearing parts. Toe gearing increases the rotation of the shaft (2 or 3 times) for the purpose of converting the mechanical energy mto electrical energy by generator, A control unit 11 lOcoordinatcs the generator output with the utility grid. The (induction) generator has a RPM of 1800 The steel structure is supported by 4 sets of guy wires 111 Ion each side.

Shown in FIG.15 is a typical 2 bladed Darrieus turbine set of blades at each shaft section The blades 1101 arc connected to shaft 1102. in FIG.16, each two biade set shown in in FIG.15 is perpendicular to the blade next to it on the shaft axis in order to reduce mechanical stresses. A pillar box bearing 1103 is at both ends of the shaft 1102 with blades 1101 connected to shaft

1102.

Shown in FIG.17 is a one bladed Darrieus turbine set of blades at each shaft section. Tne blade 1101 are connected to shaft 1102. In FIG. 18, each one bladed blade set shown in FIG. 17 is at a different angle along the axis to the blade for reducing torque npole next to it on the shaft axis in order to reduce mechanical stresses. A pillar box bcariug 1103 is at both ends of the shaft 1102 with blades 1101 connected to shaft 1102. The one larger blade allows for the same solidity and efficiency while taking advantage of one larger blade for added strength.

Illustrated in F1C. 19 is the current preferred embodiment of smaller and thinner steel tubing and an alternative version composing of bigger and fewer steel supports. Steel tubing connectors could be an improved method used for easier and faster construction. Tne use of pipe fittings

AP/P/0 1/0 2 28.1 r*

ΑΡ ύο 1 2 9 8

-18touta itcclcraic coiiscruction and rcoucc cost. The frame cr structure couid be butit .ar; en assernoiv hnc approach in piece; arid put together on the ground at the location. then,, η :

raised ior connection.

In RG.2Q, a single shaft showing ε plurality of blades is illustrated and priced insnn: t tower.

k n i feature cf the invention tr> have a shaft mounting plate 1120 connected to abv svnetwe as shown in F1G.21. Two pliiar boi bearings 1103 are shown to be placed az other of about one foot in the preferred embodiment tn order to reinforce the alignment shaft, The Shaft mounting plate with two bearings are place on a horizontal elongated st every TO feet or a similar distance m the preferred embodiment.

An aided feature of the invention is the blade joints shown in FIG. 22 A blade 1,101 connected to a bracket 1130 whicU is welded to shaft 1102. In FIG. 23 a trass product view is illustrated using a boh -like clamp oq an identical boli-iike clamp oa the other j shaft. Is FIG. 24 side view the damp connected tits the blade 1101 and shaft 1102 ta in r ϊίΐ. 25. a top view of a cage roof with a weather protection washer connected to is shown. Shaft Π52 is connected to the washer showing outer diameter 1150 of rhs edge 1152 of the hole tn the cage s z · - < the weather washer.

The turbine may include air flow acceleration devices like augtnentors or hastructure whet cm the prevailing wind positions are not prevalent.

It viii be understood that each of Ute, elements described above, or two or m together, may also find a useful apph cation in other types of construction differ the type described above.

'while the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied m a vn rouid b:

, ϊχακκ frame aa csaii jf the recrurc ton front tec of this given

Te shaft washer and ,w a larger iOtc tusl axes

APT; 0 T ; 0 2 2 0 1 niroiru, :: ss not intended to be limited io the details shown, since it will be i . »1

ΑΡ ο ο 12 9 8

-19ihai various omissions, modifications, substirutions and changes in the Terms and details illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the an without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in the light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description , but rather by the claims appended hereto

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior an, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of the invention.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

Wile the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivaients as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.