Water system with pedal powered reciprocating pump.

WATER SYSTEM WITH A PEDAL POWERED RECIPROCATING PUMP

HELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to water distribution systems, and more particularly to water distribution systems powered by human power.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The history of positive displacement reciprocating pumps goes back as far as 275 BC in Ancient Rome. In the sixteenth century, great lift and force pumps, driven by water wheels became the principle method for pumping water to be piped in Europe.

As late as 1987, the World Bank estimated that, throughout the world, 1.8 billion people would need improved water supplies, and that wells equipped with handpumps would be an appropriate choice to meet the needs of this number of people. Most of the reciprocating handpumps commonly used in developing countries have their origins in designs developed during the late 19^lh and early 20^,hCenturies in the United Stales and in Europe. In the United States, about 42 million handpumps were made until 1920. when electric pumps began to replace them. While the basic design of the reciprocating handptimp has not changed much in this century, its typical use has changed greatly. In the early pail of this century, in the

United Stales and Europe, the big market for pumps was for small backyaid pumps used for ten to thirty minutes per day by individual families or farmers. In a developing country today, a single pump may have to supply move than 500 village! s and may be in continuous operation for ten or more hours per day.

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What is needed in a developing country is a manually operated pump which can be easily operated by a person for relatively long periods of time and which lifts significant volumes of water with as little effort as possible. Because of the high usage requirements, and because the pump must operate as a practical device far from cities having maintenance facilities and personnel, the pump must be both reliable and easily repaired.

A handpump connected with a typical well is driven by pressing the end of a lever downward and by either pulling it upward, or permitting it io return upwaid due to the weight of the well. The work of lifting the water occurs as the lever is 10 pressed downward. The simplest type of reciprocating pump is the suction pump, which draws water from shallow wells by creating a partial vacuum in a suction pipe. All of the moving parts, including a plunger moved by the lever and a suction check valve, are located above ground; only the suction pipe extends downward into the well. As the lever is pushed downward, the plunger is moved upward, lifting the 15 water above it to be discharged through a spout, and pulling water below it upward tlirough an open suction check valve. As the lever is moved upward, the plunger is moved downward, tlirough the water below it, creating a pressure which opens a valve in the plunger while closing the suction check valve. Two disadvantages of this type of pump are first, it must be primed with water before it can be used, and 20 second, the suclion principle, depending on atmospheric pressure to lift water, limits the usefulness of the device to wells having depths less than about seven meters. <£

In deepwell reciprocating pumps, the cylinder is immersed within the well below the water level, being pulled up and down by a rod extending down the well 25 pipe. This arrangement is suitable for wells as deep as 45 meters or more, with the operating limit depending on the effort that users are willing to apply for progressively less water at increased depths. As the depth of the well is increased, more work is required to lift the column of water in the well pipe, together with the 30 steel rod extending down the well pipe to the cylinder.

One problem with most reciprocating pumps is caused by the fad that the lever used to operate the pump, while providing an exceedingly simple mechanism, does not make fiarticularly good use of Ute ability of the human body to do mechanical work. The downward force that a person can provide to lift water in this nn;uv 1 ami ιodLiuuciy riant, orenuart province, citina, ano

Model Jinshan-402B. produced by the Zhenjiang Sprinkler Plant, Jiangsu Province,

China.

APO Ο 1091 way is limited by his own weight, and the lever primarily uses the muscles moving the arms and upper body, while in a typical person, the muscles moving the leg aie much stronger and more capable of use for extended times.

Another problem with most reciprocating pumps arises from the fact that the work of lifting the water and the pump mechanism occurs only as the lever is pushed down. For example, a conventional reciprocating pump requires a force of about 20 kg as the lever is pushed down, while a force of only about 4 kg is required to move the lever back upward. Thus, uneven demands are placed on the user to supply energy to the pumping process.

Λ number of pump configurations have been built to overcome various of these disadvantages in the way driving forces ate applied, for example, a treadle type foot pedal drive, together with a pair of flywheels, has been applied to a double piston pump, Model SB-115, produced by the Water Conservancy Bureau of Shandong Province, China, lire Climax handpump, manufactured by Wildon

Engineering of Worcestor, United Kingdom, and the Volanla handpump, manufactured by Jensen Venneboer BV, The Netherlands, are both pumps in which a reciprocating motion is developed using a connecting rod driven by a rotating crank mounted on a shall along with a flywheel. An eccentric rod extends from the flywheel for use as a hand crank. The Climax handpump also uses a counterweight

Io balance the lifting force applied through tire crank.

Thus, the pump from Shandong Province, China, has the advantage of using the stronger muscles moving the legs, while (he flywheels of all three of these types of pumps help to spread lire force requirements over the operating cycles through the storage of energy. Tire counterweight of the Climax handpump provides additional

5 help in evening the torque requirements of the hand crank.

Nevertheless, the posture and leg movements of bicycle riding, which are known to be both comfortable and practical for providing mechanical work over an extended period, are not used for power input in these pumps. A bicycle type seating and pedaling arrangement is used to drive centrifugal pumps, Model 1-1/2-JB, produced by the Anyue County Farm Machinery Plant, Sichuan Province, China, and Model Jinshan-402B, produced by the Zhenjiang Sprinkler Plant, Jiangsu Province, China.

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What is needed is a pump incorporating the posture and pedal configuration of a bicycle for power input with the simplicity, reliability and flexibility of application of the reciprocating pump.

The force required to lift (lie water and rod mechanism of a reciprocating 5 pump varies with the depth of ihe well. While the counterweight of the Climax pump attempts lo balance this force, it cannot be moved to compensate for differences in well depth from one installation to another. Even within an installation, it is not unusual to increase the depth of a well to compensate for a falling water table. Therefore, what is needed is a way to vary ihe position of the counterweight to compensate for differences in force resulting primarily from differences in well depth.

The virtues of flywheels and of counterweighting are also discussed by S. Arlosoroff, et al., Community Water Supply, The Handpump Option, (the World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1987) indicating that a properly counterbalanced flywheel in a pumping application can build up considerable speed, particularly when il is operated by two people. These editors further point out that counterweights should al least balance the pull of the pumprod and the plunger.

A conveniional handpump or other reciprocating pump includes a spout extending outward and slightly downward from a point a few feet above the ground, below the point al which the pump is operated. Thus, the spout, a rod extends upward through an opening, being attached to a lever or, in the case of the Climax and Volanta pumps, to a drive crank by means of a connecting rod. Since the top of the pump is not sealed, water cannot be raised above the spout by the pump. On the other hand, the electrically powered water pumping systems in developed countries are typically sealed in such a way that a substantial pressure can be developed above the pump. In a typical water system, this pressure is used either to raise the level of the water to an elevated storage level or to inject the water into a pressure tight tank at ground level. Water stored in this way is subsequently dispensed under pressure through a piping system, which may serve an individual rural house or an entire city.

³⁰ hr developing countries, this kind of water distribution is desirable too, although it is not generally achieved in rural areas, A piped system, supplying water for individual houses, provides significant advantages, both in terms of convenience u 9 t 0 6 6 /d/dV

ΑΡΟ ηιο 91 and sanitation. Considering the changes described above in the patterns of usage of manually operated pumps, by which one pump may have to supply water for 500 villagers, what is particularly needed is a water supply system including a reciprocating pump which can be operated by means of a hand crank or pedal system and which can pump water underpressure into an elevated or pressurized tank. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

U.S. PaLent 1,358,213 to locrns describes a gear driven reciprocating pump having an upper seal, through which a pair of reciprocating rods operate, and a pressure chamber formed with a division wal! and an outlet passageway, allowing the discharge of water near the tap of the standard. This feature allows lhe pump lo be operated under considerable pressure for various purposes, discharging a steady stream of water under the pressure of the pump.

While the pump of Joerns shows improvements in the mechanism used to produce reciprocating motion, the gear mechanism is still driven by a handle, or by an unspecified external source of power operating a pulley. What is needed, for the effective application of the Joerns device to the rural areas of a present day developing country, are the other components of a complete water system for supplying water to a number of faucets, together with means allowing the device to be operated by the more efficient process of pedaling.

2d U.S. Patent 1,592,021 to De Lew el al. and U.S. Patent 4,886,430 lo Vcroncsi ct al. describes different types of pumping application in which a flywheel is used. De Lew describes a detachable flywheel for use in a reciprocating oil well pump driven by an electric motor through a walking beam, while Vcroncsi describes the use of a flywheel, along with an electric motor and a centrifugal pump impeller, within a hermetically sealed casing, through which the fluid being pumped flows.

U.S. Patent 5,016,870 to Bulloch et al. describes an exercise device having a bicycle type pedal arrangement used to supply mechanical power to a flywheel, wilh an adjustable brake creating a variable resistance to the pedaling process. SUMMARY Of THE INVENTION

In accordance wilh one aspect of the invention, there is provided a pumpstand for driving a pumprod in a vertically reciprocaling motion. The pumpstand includes a housing, a drive shaft, a transmission mechanism, a

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APO Ο 1 Ο 9 1 counterweight, a foot pedal and a chain. The drive shaft is mounted to rotate within the housing, with a driven sprocket and a flywheel attached to the drive shaft. The transmission mechanism converts motion of the drive shaft into vertically reciprocating motion of Are pumprod. The counterweight is raised as the pumprod is lowered and lowered as the pumprod is raised. Tire foot pedal is also mounted to rotate within the housing, with a driving sprocket attached to the foot pedal. The chain extends between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, engaging these sprockets so that rotation of the driving sprocket causes rotation of the driven sprocket.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a water supply system for delivering underground water to a number of distribution points. The system includes a rising main (pipe extending down a well), a vertically oscillating structure, a foot valve, a pressure tight chamber, a pumpstand housing, a transmission mechanism, a sealing mechanism, a discharge pipe, a distribution pipe, and a pressurizing mechanism. The rising main extends downward into the underground water. The vertically oscillating structure includes a pumprod sliding in the rising main and a plunger sliding in the rising main and in the underground water. The plunger includes a plunger valve opening as the plunger is moved downward through the underground water and closing as the plunger is moved upward through the underground water. The foot valve controls a flow of water from a lower portion of the rising main below the plunger, opening as water flows into this lower portion and closing to prevent a flow of water from this lower portion. The pressure tight chamber is at the lop of the rising main. The pumpstand housing extends upward from the pressure tight chamber. A drive shaft, on which a flyw-heet and counterweight are mounted, is mounted to rotate on the pumpstand housing. A chain drive extends between the foot pedal and the drive shaft causing rotation of the drive shaft as the foot pedal is rotated. The transmission mechanism converts rotation of the drive shaft into vertical oscillation of the vertically oscillating structure, The sealing mechanism prevents loss of water around n part of the vertically oscillating structure extending through the pressure light chamber. The discharge pipe extends from the pressure tight chamber to a storage tank, the distribution pipe extends from the storage tank to distribution points. The

APΟ Π 1 Ο 9 1 pressurizing mechanism causes a flow of water tluough the distribution pipe to the distribution points.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the subject invention are hereafter described with.

specific reference being made to the following Figures, in which:

Figure I is a perspective view of various portions of a rural community water supply system built in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an underground cylinder portion of the system of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a pumpsiand of the system of

Figure!;

Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of the puntpstand of Figure 3, taken as indicated by section lines IV-1V in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a pressure tight water storage lank which may be used as an alternative to the elevated tank of Figure I; and ¹ 5 Figure 6 illustrates the pumping station and water storage unit in a common housing, adapted for easy setup at a remote village.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 is a perspective view of various portions of a rural community water' supply system built iu accordance with the present invention. A pumping station 6 includes a rising main 8 (wellpipe) descending beiow the ground io a level at which a cylinder 10, within the rising main 8, is immersed in ground water. Generally, and as explained in more detail in Figure 2, within cylinder 10, a plunger is raised and lowered in a reciprocating motion by means of a pumprod, which, in turn, is moved by means of a mechanism within a pumpstand 14. The energy required to operate ihe mechanism within pumpstand 14 is obtained as a person pedals a fool pedal 18, while sitting in a seat 20 in a posture similar to tliat of a bicycle rider. Seal 20 is attached to pumpstand 14 by means of frame rails 21. Both pumpstand 14 and seal 20 may be mounted on ail optional concrete foundation pnd 22.

A discharge pipe 24, connected into a pressure tight chamber 25 near a base

26 of pumpstand 14. extends upward to a point up to eight meters above tire ground surface to fill an elevated water tank 27. A distribution pipe 28 extends downward

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AP Ο Ο 1 Ο 9 1 from die bottom of water tank 27 and outward to provide water to a number of buildings 30 with faucets 32 and other water attachments (not shown). Distribution pipe 28 may be part cf a network including other distribution pipes 33. A first bibcock 34, at pumps tan d 14, and a second bibcock 36, at distribution pipe 28, are also provided, to be used for die attachment of a hose (not shown) or for filling water vessels (also not shown.). If water is quickly needed when tank 27 is empty, it may be obtained from first bibcock 34 as the pumpstand 14 is operated with foot pedals 18. Alternately, if tank 27 is not empty, water may be obtained from second bibcock 36, as well as from faucets 32.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross section of Ihe mechanism of cylinder 10, which is conventional in design, at the bottom of rising main 8. Water enters cylinder 10 through a suction pipe 40, preferably rising to a groundwater level al or somewhat above the top of cylinder 10. A foot valve 42, operates as a check valve, opening with the flow of water into cylinder 10, while being otherwise closed. Within cylinder 10, plunger 43 is moved upward and downward in a reciprocating motion by pumprod 44, which is hooked onto an eyehook portion 45 of plunger fitting 46. As plunger 43 moves downward, plunger valve 48 opens to allow a flow of water through plunger 44 along a valve seat 50. In (his way, plunger 43 moves downward easily, as foot valve 42 is closed to prevent the outward flow of water. As plunger

43 is moved upward, plunger valve 48, also operating as a check valve, closes, so that the water above the plunger 43 is lifted. The resulting suction causes foot valve 42 to open, allowing more water to flow into cylinder 10.

Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, which show views of the mechanisms of pumpstand 14, positioned at the top of rising main 8. More specifically, Figure 3 shows a vertical cross-sectional view and Figure 4 shows a horizontal cross-secliona! view taken through section lines IV-IV in Figure 3. In Figure 3, various shields or housing sections 53, which are provided particularly to prevent personal injury by moving parts, are shown in cross-section to reveal the mechanisms installed therein.

As foot pedal 18, rotatably mounted in a pair of bearings 54, is operated, a drive sprocket 56, mounted to turn with foot pedal 18, drives a chain 58, which in turn causes the rotation of a driven sprocket 60. Sprocket 60 is mounted firmly on a drive shaft 62, which is rotatably mounted within a housing 64 by means of a pair of

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APO Ο 1 091 bearings 65. A connecting rod 66 is pivotally mounted to extend between an eccentric pin 68 extending from driven sprocket 60 and a fitting 70 at the lop of a pushrod 71 connected io pumprod 44. Puslrrod 71 is mounted to slide vertically within a bearing structure 72. An idler sprocket 74, which is also rotatably mounted within housing 64, may be adjusted in position to maintain a suitable tension on chain 58.

A flywheel 76 is also attached to turn with shaft 62, with a spoke 78. having a radial slot 80, extending diametrically opposite eccentric pin 62. A counterweight 82 is clamped in place oil flywheel 76 by means of a pair of screws 84 extending through slot 80 to engage a clamping plate 88. A flywheel housing 90 may be included to protect others from the rotating flywheel 76. With this arrangement, the counteiweight 82 is moved to its lowest position as pumprod 44 is moved to its highest position, and vice versa. In this way, counterweight 82 is used io counterbalance the combined weight of pumprod 44, of plunger 43 (shown in figure

2) and of the water within rising main 8 and within the rising portion of discharge pipe 24.

Using screws 84, the position of counterweight 82 may be adjusted along the length of slot 80. Since the combined weight to be counterbalanced varies greatly with the depth of the well and the height of discharge pipe 24, this adjusimcnljs used to customize pumpsland 14 as it is installed on an individual well. After the initial installation process, the position of counterweight 82 may be changed to accommodate changes to the system, such as variations in the height of the discharge pipe 24, changes in the depth, of the well, or even preferences of the user. In providing an adjustment, pumpsland 14 provides a significant advantage over the

Climax handpump, described above, which has a counterbalance mounted in a fixed position.

During operation of the water supply system, water is brought upward through rising main 8 into pressure light chamber 25 between a lower flange plate 91, fastened atop base 92 with a number of screws 94, and an upper flange plate 96, to which pumpstand housing 64 is in turn fastened with screws 98. First bibcock 34 and discharge pipe 24 extend from the pressure tight chambet 25. Pressure is maintained within chamber 25 through the use of a sliding seal 102, which prevents

APC01091 ίο the leakage of water into bearing structure 72. The conventional valve mechanism within bibcock 34, operated by a handle 103, furms another part of the system sealing chamber 25 whenever this bibcock 34 is closed.

In this way, pumpsland 14 is provided with a significant advantage over 5 conventional pumpstands producing reciprocating motion, in that conventional pumpstands do not include a plate extending across the top of the well in this way, or any method for sealing around a rod descending into the rising main Therefore, a conventional pumpsland can only provide water through a spout extending al the low level of first bibcock 34.

On the other hand, the pumpsland 14 can pump water under pressure into elevated tank 27, forming part of a water supply system providing water lo individual houses or other remote locations. The use of a storage tank in this way also allows the drawing of water for use to occur at a different lime than the pumping of the water.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, while a pressure tight chamber 25 is provided, the entire pumpsland 14 may be removed by loosening screws 98. and the pressure light chamber 25 may be removed from the well by loosening screws 94. .Discharge pipe 24 is preferably connected to chamber 25 by conventional, removable means to facilitate this process. In this way, access is provided to allow plunger 43 to be lifted out of the well, for maintenance, by means of pumprod 44. Foolvalvc structure 104 is fitted with a loop 105, so that it may also be lifted out of the well in this way.

Referring now to Figure 5, a cross-sectional view of a pressure tight water tank 106 is shown. Tank 106 may be used in place of the elevated water tank 27, shown in Figure 1. As water is pumped into pressure tight tank 106 from discharge

5 pipe 24, the air held in lank section 108 above the water level is compressed, providing pressure to force water through distribution pipe 28 extending from the tank 106 as faucets 32 or other valves along distribution pipe 28 are opened. The use of air pressure in this way makes it unnecessary to place tank 106 on an elevated structure.

3θ Referring now to Figure 6, a housing 110 for containing pumping station 6 and a water storage unit is shown. Where previously described elements arc shown in Figure 6, like reference numerals are used. A precharged water tank 1 12 is

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ΛΡ Ο π 1 Ο 9 1 ιι included within housing 110 and may be similar to pressure tight tank 106 shown in Figure 5, or tank 112 may preferably be a precharged water tank of a type commercially available front, for example, Dayton Electric Mfg CO., of Chicago, Illinois. Precharged water tanks typically consist of an elastic bladder, such as butyl rubber bladder, contained in a metal housing. The bladder expands as water is added through discharge pipe 24 and presents a pressure force on the water due to the elasticity thereof. As water leaves the bladder through distribution pipe 28, the bladder contracts while maintaining the water under pressure until the bladder is nearly empty. Internal piping within housing 110 (not shown) connects the pumping station 6 mechanisms, shown in Figures 2-4, to lank 112 in a conventional mannci. This piping may include a debris trap or filler (not shown) for preventing sand or small stones from entering precharged tank 112. Similarly, internal piping connects the output from precharged tank 112 to a plurality of bibcocks 34 located on housing 110, as well as to distribution pipe 28. In addition, a pressuie gauge 114 may be added to provide the operators with information of the available pressure of the water leaving precharged tank 112.

A water treatment system 116 may be added between the output from precharged tank 112 and distribution pipe 28 for adding chemicals appropriate for a community water system. Alternatively, water treatment system 116 may be placed within housing 110 between die pumping station 6 and prccharged tank 112 along with the debris trap.

Because of the inclusion of flywheel 76, the effort needed to maintain the continued operation of the pumping station 6 is not great, particularly when precharged tank 112 is not full. In fact, a small electric motor 118 may be affixed to flywheel housing 90 to provide a rotational force to flywheel 76. Motoi 118 may be powered by a small solar panel 120 located on the top of housing 110, since conventional electric power is not generally available in the areas where this invention will be used. It should be noted dial motor 118 only maintains the rotation of flywheel 76. Manual use of foot pedals 18 will still be required to start the pumping action of pumping station 6.

While the invention has been described in its preferred form or embodiment with some degree of particularity, it is understood that this description has been

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APO Ο 10 9 1 given only by way of example and that numerous changes in (he details of conslmelion, fabrication ami use, including the combinalinn andanangcmenl of pails, may be made without departing from (lie spirit and scope of lire invention